Carving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller

Abstract

The invention provides a carving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller, and relates to the field of carving tools, the carving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller comprises a supporting base, a carving main shaft device, a transverse guide rail frame and cantilever supporting frames, a machining groove with an upward opening is formed in the supporting base, and the four cantilever supporting frames are fixed to the two sides of the top end of the machining groove; the cantilever supporting frames are in a bent shape, and the four cantilever supporting frames are symmetrically arranged. A three-dimensional monitoring network is constructed through the vibration sensor array, the stress induction piece set and the infrared thermometer, real-time feature extraction of the tool wear state is achieved, the controller can synchronously capture three sets of complementary parameters of vibration mode change, cutting force distribution and heat effect, the wear recognition accuracy is further improved, and the tool wear recognition accuracy is improved. And the compensation accuracy of the subsequent carving tool is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engraving tools, in particular to an engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller. Background Art

[0002] In the field of precision machining, engraving tools, as core components that directly impact the workpiece, have a performance stability that directly determines machining accuracy and production efficiency. However, during continuous machining, tools inevitably wear out due to intense friction, impact, and high temperatures with the workpiece material. As wear accumulates, tool geometry gradually changes, leading to fluctuations in cutting forces, reduced surface quality, and even workpiece failure or equipment damage.

[0003] Traditional tool wear management relies primarily on manual experience or offline inspection methods. Operators periodically stop the machine to inspect the tool's appearance or use tools like micrometers to measure cutting edge dimensions, then manually adjust machining parameters to compensate. This approach has significant limitations: First, offline inspection requires interrupting the production process, resulting in reduced equipment utilization; second, manual intervention relies on empirical judgment, making quantitative compensation difficult to achieve; and third, in high-speed machining scenarios, where tool wear rates are high, traditional methods cannot meet real-time requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a self-sensing compensation controller for engraving tool wear, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a self-sensing compensation controller for engraving tool wear, comprising a support base, an engraving spindle, a transverse guide frame and a cantilever support frame, the support base is provided with a processing groove with an opening upward, the four cantilever support frames are fixed on both sides of the top of the processing groove, the cantilever support frame is bent, and the four cantilever support frames are symmetrically arranged, the side of the transverse guide frame is fixedly connected to the top of the cantilever support frame, the transverse guide frame is provided with a guide rail with an opening passing through and connecting up and down, the engraving spindle is arranged between the guide rails, an engraving actuator is installed at the bottom of the engraving spindle, the engraving actuator is used to perform the engraving process, two switching platforms are movable in the processing groove, and an engraving platform is provided in the switching platform on one side, and the engraving platform is used to support the engraving material for the engraving process.

[0008] Preferably, two power drive devices are fixedly provided on both sides of the top of the processing groove, the power drive devices on both sides are positioned, a switching thread shaft is rotated between the power drive devices on both sides, the switching thread shaft is threadedly connected to the two switching platforms, and a signal connector is fixed on the top of the power drive device on one side.

[0009] Preferably, two fan support plates are installed in the switching platform on the other side, the fan support plates on both sides are arranged opposite to each other, and cleaning fans are installed at the center positions of the fan support plates on both sides.

[0010] Preferably, support grids are fixedly provided on the side surfaces of the fan support plates on both sides, and a detachable maintenance brush is provided between the support grids on both sides.

[0011] Preferably, two Y-axis transmission screws are rotatably provided between the two walls of the guide track, and the Y-axis transmission screws on both sides are symmetrically arranged. The Y-axis transmission screws are threadedly connected to the engraving spindle. Y-axis drive modules are fixed on the end faces of both sides of the transverse guide rail frame, and the Y-axis transmission screws are dynamically connected to the Y-axis drive modules.

[0012] Preferably, the engraving actuator includes a spindle housing, a power component plate and an engraving tool. The spindle housing is fixedly connected to the engraving spindle, the power component plate is fixed to the bottom of the power component plate, a transmission spindle is rotated inside the power component plate, the bottom of the transmission spindle extends downward, and the engraving tool is installed and connected to the transmission spindle.

[0013] Preferably, a vibration sensing ring is fixedly provided in the power component board, the vibration sensing ring is sleeved on the outer end face of the transmission main shaft, and a plurality of vibration sensors are installed and connected to the outer end face of the vibration sensing ring, and the vibration sensors are distributed in a ring array.

[0014] Preferably, a closed conductive cover is fixedly installed at the bottom of the power component board, and the closed conductive cover serves as a closed connection. Four stress sensing sheets are installed at the four corners of the top of the closed conductive cover. A signal processing unit is fixed on the four sides of the outer end surface of the power component board. The signal processing unit and the stress sensing sheet are connected via a flexible data cable, and a wireless communication module is installed on one side of the signal processing unit.

[0015] Preferably, two crossbeam support plates are fixed between the cantilever support frames on both sides, the crossbeam support plates on both sides are symmetrically arranged, and a central controller is installed on the top pipe of the crossbeam support plate on one side, and data is connected between the central controller and the signal connector.

[0016] Preferably, a data connection plate of a horizontal frame is installed on one side of the transverse guide rail frame and between the cantilever support frames on both sides, and the data connection plate is data-connected to the central controller.

[0017] Preferably, a vertically erected infrared detection bracket is fixedly provided at the bottom of the crossbeam support plate on the other side, an infrared thermometer is installed at the bottom of the infrared detection bracket, and the infrared thermometer faces the engraving actuator.

[0018] (3) Beneficial effects

[0019] The present invention provides a self-sensing compensation controller for engraving tool wear. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention constructs a three-dimensional monitoring network through a vibration sensor array, a stress sensing plate group and an infrared thermometer to achieve real-time feature extraction of tool wear status. The controller can simultaneously capture three sets of complementary parameters: vibration mode changes, cutting force distribution and thermal effects, further improving the accuracy of wear identification and thus improving the accuracy of subsequent engraving tool compensation.

[0021] 2. The present invention drives the engraving tool to fine-tune through a hydraulic lifter, synchronously adjusts the transmission spindle speed to match the wear state, and realizes dynamic posture correction through the transmission screw differential drive and the switching threaded shaft.

[0022] 3. The present invention controls the temperature rise of the cutting area within a small range through the directional air cooling of the cleaning fan and the displacement of the engraving platform. At the same time, the staff can lubricate and maintain the surface of the engraving tool with the maintenance brush on the side, and thus perform quick and effective maintenance on the engraving tool in the interval between two very close working operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is the main view of the appearance structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A top view of the appearance structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a front view of the appearance structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction;

[0028] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram of the actuator component is engraved in the middle;

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the closed conductive cover component.

[0030] In the figure: 101, support base; 102, cleaning fan; 103, fan support plate; 104, engraving platform; 105, switching platform; 106, switching thread shaft; 107, processing groove; 108, power drive device; 109, central controller; 110, data connection board; 112, engraving spindle; 113, Y-axis transmission screw; 114, horizontal guide rail frame; 115, beam support plate; 116, cantilever support frame; 117, infrared thermometer; 118, maintenance brush; 1 19. Support grid; 120. Signal connector; 121. Y-axis drive module; 122. Guide rail; 123. Spindle box; 124. Power assembly board; 125. Drive spindle; 126. Engraving tool; 127. Vibration sensor; 128. Vibration sensing ring; 129. Closed conductive cover; 130. Signal processing unit; 131. Wireless communication module; 132. Stress sensing sheet; 133. Flexible data cable; 134. Infrared detection bracket; 1001. Engraving actuator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a self-sensing compensation controller for engraving tool wear, such as Figure 1-7 As shown, it includes a support base 101, an engraving spindle 112, a transverse guide frame 114 and a cantilever support frame 116. A processing groove 107 with an opening facing upward is provided in the support base 101. Four cantilever support frames 116 are fixed on both sides of the top of the processing groove 107. The cantilever support frames 116 are bent, and the four cantilever support frames 116 are symmetrically arranged. The side of the transverse guide frame 114 is fixedly connected to the top of the cantilever support frame 116. A guide rail 122 with an opening passing through and connecting the upper and lower parts is provided in the transverse guide rail frame 114. The engraving spindle 112 is arranged between the guide rails 122. An engraving actuator 1001 is installed at the bottom of the engraving spindle 112. The engraving actuator 1001 is used to perform the engraving process. Two switching platforms 105 are movable in the processing groove 107. An engraving platform 104 is provided in the switching platform 105 on one side. The engraving platform 104 is used to support the engraving material for the engraving process.

[0032] Furthermore, two power drive devices 108 are fixedly provided on both sides of the top of the processing groove 107. The power drive devices 108 on both sides are positioned, and a switching thread shaft 106 is rotated between the power drive devices 108 on both sides. The switching thread shaft 106 is threadedly connected to the two switching platforms 105, and a signal connector 120 is fixed on the top of the power drive device 108 on one side.

[0033] It should be further explained that a moving motor is provided in the power drive device 108, and the moving motor is power-connected to the switching platform 105. When the power drive device 108 is started, it can drive the switching threaded shaft 106 to rotate, and then drive the switching platform 105 to move horizontally through the threaded connection.

[0034] Furthermore, two fan support plates 103 are installed in the switching platform 105 on the other side. The fan support plates 103 on both sides are arranged opposite to each other, and cleaning fans 102 are installed at the center positions of the fan support plates 103 on both sides.

[0035] It should be further explained that the cleaning fans 102 on both sides include fan motors and rotating blades. When the fan motors are controlled to start, they can drive the rotating blades to rotate to achieve the effect of wind convection, and then achieve subsequent cleaning of the engraving tool surface through the output wind force.

[0036] Furthermore, support grids 119 are fixedly provided on the sides of the fan support plates 103 on both sides, and a detachable maintenance brush 118 is provided between the support grids 119 on both sides.

[0037] Furthermore, two Y-axis transmission screws 113 are rotatably provided between the two walls of the guide rail 122. The Y-axis transmission screws 113 on both sides are symmetrically arranged. The Y-axis transmission screws 113 are threadedly connected to the engraving spindle 112. The end faces of both sides of the transverse guide rail frame 114 are fixed with Y-axis drive modules 121, and the Y-axis transmission screws 113 are power-connected to the Y-axis drive module 121.

[0038] It should be further explained that a power motor is provided in the Y-axis drive module 121, and the Y-axis transmission screw 113 is power-connected to the power motor in the Y-axis drive module 121. When the power motor is started, it can drive the two Y-axis transmission screws 113 to rotate at the same time, and then drive the engraving spindle 112 to translate along the guide rail 122 through the threaded connection.

[0039] Furthermore, the engraving actuator 1001 includes a spindle housing 123, a power component plate 124 and an engraving tool 126. The spindle housing 123 is fixedly connected to the engraving spindle 112, the power component plate 124 is fixed to the bottom of the power component plate 124, and a transmission spindle 125 is rotated inside the power component plate 124. The bottom of the transmission spindle 125 extends downward, and the engraving tool 126 is installed and connected to the transmission spindle 125.

[0040] It should be further explained that a processing motor is provided in the power component board 124 . When the processing motor is started, the engraving tool 126 is driven to rotate via the transmission main shaft 125 to achieve the engraving effect.

[0041] It is worth further explaining that a hydraulic lifter is provided inside the engraving tool 126, and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic lifter is installed and connected to the top of the power component plate 124. When the hydraulic lifter is started, its telescopic rod can drive the power component plate 124 to move precisely in the vertical direction.

[0042] Furthermore, a vibration sensing ring 128 is fixed inside the power component plate 124, and the vibration sensing ring 128 is sleeved on the outer end surface of the transmission main shaft 125. A plurality of vibration sensors 127 are installed and connected to the outer end surface of the vibration sensing ring 128, and the vibration sensors 127 are distributed in a ring array.

[0043] It should be further explained that the vibration sensor 127 operates on the piezoelectric effect or capacitance change, which converts the mechanical vibrations generated during the engraving process into a measurable electrical signal. When the engraving tool 126 interacts with the workpiece, the vibration signal will change as the tool wear changes.

[0044] Furthermore, a closed conductive cover 129 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the power component board 124, and the closed conductive cover 129 serves as a closed connection. Four stress sensing plates 132 are installed at the four corners of the top of the closed conductive cover 129. A signal processing unit 130 is fixed on the four sides of the outer end surface of the power component board 124. The signal processing unit 130 and the stress sensing plate 132 are data-connected through a flexible data line 133. A wireless communication module 131 is installed on one side of the signal processing unit 130.

[0045] It should be further explained that the stress-sensing sheet 132, using the principle of strain measurement based on translation angle, captures in real time the minute stress changes generated in the contact area between the tool and the workpiece during the engraving process. When the engraving tool 126 cuts into the workpiece, the stress generated by the material deformation is transmitted to the enclosed conductive cover 129, where it is accurately sensed by the stress-sensing sheet 132. These stress signals are transmitted via a flexible data cable 133 to the signal processing unit 130. The signal processing unit 130 includes a built-in signal conditioning circuit to amplify and filter the stress signals, and then transmits the signals via the wireless communication module 131.

[0046] Furthermore, two crossbeam support plates 115 are fixed between the cantilever support frames 116 on both sides. The crossbeam support plates 115 on both sides are symmetrically arranged. A central controller 109 is installed on the top pipe of the crossbeam support plate 115 on one side, and data is connected between the central controller 109 and the signal connector 120.

[0047] Furthermore, a data connection board 110 of a horizontal frame is installed on one side of the horizontal guide rail frame 114 and between the cantilever support frames 116 on both sides. The data connection board 110 is data-connected to the central controller 109 .

[0048] It should be further explained that a signal control receiving module is provided in the engraving spindle 112, which is connected to the data connection board 110 for signal connection. The control signal of the central controller 109 is received by the data connection board 110, and after converting it into a control signal, it is output to the signal control receiving module in the engraving spindle 112 for subsequent processing control.

[0049] It is worth further explaining that after the sensing measurement signals of the vibration sensor 127 and the stress sensing sheet 132 are respectively input into the signal processing unit 130 , information exchange is achieved through LORA communication of the wireless communication module 131 and the central controller 109 .

[0050] Furthermore, a vertical infrared detection bracket 134 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the crossbeam support plate 115 on the other side. An infrared thermometer 117 is installed at the bottom of the infrared detection bracket 134 , and the infrared thermometer 117 faces the engraving actuator 1001 .

[0051] It should be further explained that the working principle of the infrared thermometer 117 is based on infrared radiation detection, and it can measure the temperature distribution of the contact area between the engraving tool 126 and the workpiece in a non-contact real-time manner. During the engraving process, the intense friction between the tool and the workpiece will cause the local temperature to rise, and the worn tool will generate more heat due to the decline in cutting performance. The infrared thermometer 117 captures this temperature change and provides additional wear characteristic parameters for the control system.

[0052] When using this solution, first drive the support base 101 to move to the working position as a whole, and after the support base 101 plays a stable supporting role, the remaining parts are installed, and then the moving motor in the power drive device 108 is started, and the bidirectional translation function of the switching platform 105 is verified by switching the threaded shaft 106 thread transmission, and confirming whether the switching platform 105 can move accurately along the X-axis, and then activate the power motor in the Y-axis drive module 121 to drive the Y-axis transmission screw 113 to rotate, and test whether the engraving spindle 112 can slide smoothly along the Y-axis guide rail of the guide rail 122, and synchronously detect the Z-axis hydraulic lifting response of the engraving tool 126, and then verify the signal acquisition link of the stress sensor 132 stress sensor and the vibration sensor 127 vibration sensor, and send a test data packet to the central controller 109 main controller through the wireless communication module 131 wireless module to realize system initialization and self-test.

[0053] When the initialization work is completed, the material to be processed is fixed on the support platform of the engraving platform 104, and the material is accurately positioned in the XY plane by switching the differential adjustment of the double-threaded screw of the threaded shaft 106. The processing motor in the power component board 124 is started, and the transmission spindle 125 is driven to drive the engraving tool 126 to idle at a low speed. The infrared thermometer 117 is used to establish the initial temperature field benchmark of the tool. Then, the spindle box 123 in the engraving spindle 112 is operated to start, and the power component board 124 is driven to descend along the Z axis to the surface of the engraving material. The strain gauge array of the stress sensing plate 132 in the closed conductive cover 129 is used to capture the contact prepressure.

[0054] Subsequently, the data connection board 110 receives the signal sent by the central controller 109 through LORA, and after analysis, sends a motion instruction to the signal control receiving module of the engraving spindle 112. At this time, the vibration sensor 127 monitors the vibration mode on the Z axis of the transmission spindle 125 in real time. When the tool wear causes abnormal cutting force, its resonant frequency offset exceeds the threshold. At the same time, the stress sensing piece 132 continuously collects stress waves in the engraving area, and identifies the characteristic frequency band of cutting vibration caused by the passivation of the tool in the XY plane direction through stress transformation. During this process, the infrared array of the infrared thermometer 117 synchronously captures the temperature gradient change in the contact area of ​​the engraving tool 126 with the workpiece.

[0055] When compensation is triggered by data anomaly, if it is compensation in the Z-axis direction, the engraving tool 126 performs closed-loop control according to the compensation amount issued by the central controller 109; if it is compensation in the Y-axis direction, the power motor in the Y-axis drive module 121 drives the Y-axis transmission screw 113 to rotate, driving the engraving spindle 112 to perform position correction along the guide rail 122; if it is compensation in the X-axis direction, the mobile motor in the power drive device 108 synchronously adjusts the position of the switching platform 105 so that the cutting point is always located in the center area of ​​the engraving platform 104, thereby realizing compensation control of the engraving tool during work.

[0056] When the engraving work is completed, at this time, in the adjacent working interval, the moving motor of the power drive device 108 is started, and drives the two switching platforms 105 to switch positions. During the switching process, the two fan support plates 103 supported in the switching platform 105 on the other side are moved to the two sides of the engraving actuator 1001. At this time, the cleaning fans 102 in the fan support plates 103 on both sides are started. When the fan motor in the cleaning fan 102 is controlled to start, it can achieve the effect of wind convection by driving the rotating fan blades to rotate, and then the subsequent cleaning of the engraving tool surface is achieved through the output wind force. At the same time, the staff can lubricate and maintain the surface of the engraving tool 126 by holding the maintenance brush 118 on the side, and then quickly and effectively maintain the engraving tool in the two very close working intervals.

[0057] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-sensing compensation controller for engraving tool wear, comprising a support base (101), an engraving spindle (112), a transverse guide rail frame (114) and a cantilever support frame (116), characterized in that: The support base (101) is provided with a processing groove (107) with an opening upward, four cantilever support frames (116) are fixed on both sides of the top of the processing groove (107), and the four cantilever support frames (116) are symmetrically arranged. The side of the transverse guide frame (114) is fixedly connected to the top of the cantilever support frame (116), and the transverse guide frame (114) is provided with a guide rail (122) with an opening extending through and communicating with each other from top to bottom. The engraving spindle (112) is arranged between the guide rails (122), and an engraving actuator (1001) is installed at the bottom of the engraving spindle (112), and the engraving actuator (1001) is used for performing an engraving process. Two switching platforms (105) are movably provided in the processing groove (107), and an engraving platform (104) is provided in the switching platform (105) on one side, and the engraving platform (104) is used to support the engraving material for the engraving process.

2. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two power drive devices (108) are fixedly provided on both sides of the top of the processing tank (107). The power drive devices (108) on both sides are positioned. A switching threaded shaft (106) is rotatably provided between the power drive devices (108) on both sides. The switching threaded shaft (106) is threadedly connected to the two switching platforms (105). A signal connector (120) is fixedly provided on the top of the power drive device (108) on one side.

3. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two fan support plates (103) are installed in the switching platform (105) on the other side. The fan support plates (103) on both sides are arranged opposite to each other, and cleaning fans (102) are installed at the center positions of the fan support plates (103) on both sides.

4. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 3, characterized in that: Support grids (119) are fixedly provided on the sides of the fan support plates (103) on both sides, and a maintenance brush (118) is provided between the support grids (119) on both sides.

5. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two Y-axis transmission screws (113) are rotatably provided between the two walls of the guide rail (122), and the Y-axis transmission screws (113) on both sides are symmetrically arranged. The Y-axis transmission screws (113) are threadedly connected to the engraving spindle (112). Y-axis drive modules (121) are fixedly provided on the end surfaces of both sides of the transverse guide rail frame (114), and the Y-axis transmission screws (113) are dynamically connected to the Y-axis drive modules (121).

6. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engraving actuator (1001) comprises a spindle housing (123), a power assembly plate (124) and an engraving tool (126); the spindle housing (123) is fixedly connected to the engraving spindle (112); the power assembly plate (124) is fixed to the bottom of the power assembly plate (124); a transmission spindle (125) is rotatably provided in the power assembly plate (124); the bottom of the transmission spindle (125) extends downward; and the engraving tool (126) is installed and connected to the transmission spindle (125).

7. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 6, characterized in that: A vibration sensing ring (128) is fixedly provided in the power component plate (124), the vibration sensing ring (128) is sleeved on the outer end surface of the transmission main shaft (125), and a plurality of vibration sensors (127) are installed and connected to the outer end surface of the vibration sensing ring (128), and the vibration sensors (127) are distributed in a ring array.

8. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 7, characterized in that: A closed conductive cover (129) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the power component board (124), and the closed conductive cover (129) plays a closed connection role. Four stress sensing sheets (132) are installed at the four corners of the top of the closed conductive cover (129). A signal processing unit (130) is fixedly provided on the four sides of the outer end surface of the power component board (124). The signal processing unit (130) and the stress sensing sheets (132) are data-connected via a flexible data line (133). A wireless communication module (131) is installed on one side of the signal processing unit (130).

9. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two crossbeam support plates (115) are fixedly provided between the cantilever support frames (116) on both sides. The crossbeam support plates (115) on both sides are symmetrically arranged. A central controller (109) is installed on the top pipe of the crossbeam support plate (115) on one side. The central controller (109) is data-connected to the signal connector (120). A data connection plate (110) is installed on one side of the transverse guide rail frame (114) and between the cantilever support frames (116) on both sides. The data connection plate (110) is data-connected to the central controller (109).

10. The engraving tool wear self-sensing compensation controller according to claim 9, characterized in that: A vertically erected infrared detection bracket (134) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the crossbeam support plate (115) on the other side, and an infrared thermometer (117) is installed at the bottom of the infrared detection bracket (134), and the infrared thermometer (117) faces the engraving actuator (1001).

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