Green water purification process based on water icing purification effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a green water purification process based on a water icing purification effect. The green water purification process comprises the following steps: pretreating raw water; freezing and purifying the pretreated water to obtain a mixed solution of ice crystals and a pollutant concentrated solution; separating the ice crystals from the pollutant concentrated solution to obtain the ice crystals and the pollutant concentrated solution; and melting the separated ice crystals to obtain purified water. The water treatment by the process can realize the water purification targets of no medicament, low energy consumption, low cost and high purity, and is suitable for the scenes of urban drinking water treatment, rural safe drinking water engineering and the like. And the use of chemical agents in the traditional process is avoided, so that the problem of secondary pollution is solved. Meanwhile, the energy consumption and the cost in the water treatment process can be greatly reduced. In addition, the removal effect on pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matters can be greatly improved, and a higher water quality standard is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, and more particularly to a green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the development trend in water treatment technology is toward green, low-carbon, and energy-saving approaches. Traditional drinking water treatment processes typically include steps such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Raw water first undergoes coagulation, where a coagulant is added to aggregate suspended solids and colloidal particles to form flocs. The water then passes through a sedimentation tank to remove larger flocs. The water is then filtered through a filtration tank to further remove fine impurities. Finally, disinfection is performed, typically using chemicals such as chlorine and sodium hypochlorite to kill microorganisms in the water.

[0003] It can be seen that traditional processes are more dependent on chemical agents and have the risk of secondary pollution. For example, disinfection by-products may cause harm to human health. At the same time, the use of chemical agents also increases the cost of water treatment because additional agent storage and addition equipment are required, which increases the complexity and floor space of the system. In addition, traditional processes have high energy consumption. For example, the equipment used in processes such as coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration consumes a lot of energy and does not meet energy-saving requirements. In addition, traditional processes have limited removal effects on certain pollutants, such as heavy metals and organic matter, making it difficult to meet increasingly stringent water quality standards. In recent years, physical water treatment technologies have gradually attracted attention due to their advantages such as environmental protection and no secondary pollution, such as membrane separation technology and ultraviolet disinfection technology. However, these technologies still have certain limitations in terms of treatment effect and cost.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve the goal of "drug-free, low energy consumption, low cost, and high purity" water purification is the technical problem to be solved in this application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The Summary of the Invention introduces a series of simplified concepts that will be further described in the Detailed Description of the Invention. The Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key features and essential features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] To at least partially solve the above problems, the present invention provides a green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect, comprising:

[0007] Pre-treat raw water;

[0008] Freezing and purifying the pretreated water to form a mixture of ice crystals and pollutant concentrate;

[0009] separating the ice crystals from the pollutant concentrate to obtain the ice crystals and the pollutant concentrate;

[0010] The separated ice crystals are melted to obtain purified water.

[0011] Preferably, pre-treating the raw water includes:

[0012] Conduct water quality testing and water extraction for raw water;

[0013] Remove impurities and suspended matter from water;

[0014] Adjust the inlet water temperature to maintain the water temperature entering the freezing device at 0-4℃.

[0015] Preferably, the ice crystals are separated from the contaminant concentrate while the ice crystals are in the form of wet ice or ice slurry.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises: washing the separated ice crystals to obtain pure ice crystals.

[0017] Preferably, the method further comprises: recovering or harmlessly treating the separated pollutant concentrate.

[0018] Preferably, the method further comprises: treating the purified water to obtain drinking water.

[0019] Green water purification system based on water freezing purification effect, including:

[0020] Pretreatment equipment, used for pre-treating raw water;

[0021] Freeze-thaw equipment is used to perform ice purification, ice crystal extraction and ice melting on pre-treated water.

[0022] Preferably, the pre-processing equipment comprises:

[0023] Water intake device, used for testing the quality of raw water and taking water;

[0024] Filtration device, used to remove impurities and suspended matter in water;

[0025] The temperature control device is used to adjust the inlet water temperature so that the water temperature entering the freezing device is maintained at 0-4℃.

[0026] Preferably, the freeze-thaw apparatus comprises:

[0027] an ice forming device for converting the pretreated water into a mixed liquid comprising ice crystals and a concentrate of pollutants;

[0028] A drainage device for discharging concentrated pollutant liquid from the icing device;

[0029] Ice melting device, used to melt ice crystals.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This water treatment process achieves the goal of chemical-free, low-energy, low-cost, and high-purity water purification, making it suitable for urban drinking water treatment and rural safe drinking water projects. It avoids the use of chemicals in traditional processes, thereby addressing the problem of secondary pollution. It also significantly reduces energy consumption and costs during water treatment. Furthermore, it significantly improves the removal of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter, meeting higher water quality standards.

[0032] The green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect described in the present invention, and other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by technicians in this field through research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect described in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the green water purification system based on the water freezing purification effect described in the present invention (partial structure is not shown). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0037] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0038] The present invention provides a green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect, comprising:

[0039] First, the raw water is pretreated;

[0040] Furthermore, the pretreatment process is as follows:

[0041] The water quality of the raw water is tested and judged through the water intake device, and then the appropriate water intake location and direction are selected for water intake;

[0042] Filtration equipment is used to remove impurities and suspended solids from the water. Typically, a traditional trash screen or roller screen is used to intercept large particles of impurities in the water. A cyclone desander is then used to remove particles larger than 0.2 mm. Finally, an upward filter is used to intercept suspended solids of 10-100 μm. Based on water quality indicators and the load requirements of subsequent processes, a turbidity target of 5-10 NTU is typically set, and the filter and filter media are designed based on the organic matter removal performance. When the filtration equipment uses a backwash process, ultrasonic assistance can be added to the backwash process.

[0043] The inlet water temperature is adjusted to close to the freezing point (usually 0-4°C) through the thermostat, so that the water temperature entering the freezing device is maintained between 0-4°C, avoiding the increase of the refrigeration load of the freezing device due to excessively high inlet water temperature, and also avoiding the freezing of pipes due to excessively low temperature.

[0044] Finally, by returning sediment to water, we can protect the water source and coordinate the river sand mining plan.

[0045] Then, the pre-treated water is frozen and purified to form a mixture of ice crystals and pollutant concentrate;

[0046] The freezing device can create a low-temperature environment and simulate the temperature changes of natural freezing purification. It uses the characteristics of water in the freezing process that pure water molecules preferentially arrange to form ice crystals, while most soluble pollutants are excluded from the ice crystal interface and gradually concentrated in the unfrozen water phase, thereby realizing the separation of pollutants and water.

[0047] Furthermore, the cooling rate of the pretreated water in the freezing device is 0.1-4 mm / h. The relatively slow cooling process can promote the orderly growth of ice crystals and reduce the inclusion of impurities, thereby ensuring the effect of ice purification.

[0048] Furthermore, the water freezing purification effect removes sediment, organic matter, and manganese ions through physical and chemical mechanisms. The specific process is as follows:

[0049] 1. Sediment removal mechanism;

[0050] Ice crystal self-rejection:

[0051] When ice crystals form, water molecules form regular arrangements through hydrogen bonds. However, sediment particles (typically larger than 100 nm in diameter) are too large to fit into the ice crystal structure and are repelled into the unfrozen water layer or settle to the bottom. For example, experiments have shown that ice crystal purification can effectively separate particles with diameters larger than the interstices between ice crystals (approximately 0.1 nm).

[0052] 2. The elimination mechanism of organic matter;

[0053] Freeze Concentration Effect:

[0054] When ice crystals form, dissolved organic matter (DOM) is concentrated in the unfrozen water layer due to its high molecular polarity or strong hydrophobicity. For example, studies have found that during freezing, the concentration of DOM in the ice phase decreases significantly, while the concentration of DOM in the water phase increases (for example, DOC increases by 1.47 times), and aromatic organic matter (such as humic acid-like substances) preferentially migrates to the water phase.

[0055] Selective retention of ice crystal structures:

[0056] The growing front of ice crystals repels large organic molecules, while small molecules (such as aliphatic DOM) may be trapped in the ice. For example, during lake ice formation, aliphatic DOM is more likely to be trapped, while aromatic DOM is expelled into the subglacial water column.

[0057] 3. The elimination mechanism of manganese ions;

[0058] Freeze concentration and salt repulsion effect:

[0059] When ice crystals form, water molecules crystallize first, and dissolved manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) are expelled into the unfrozen water layer, resulting in a decrease in manganese concentration in the ice phase. For example, studies have shown that the concentration of manganese ions in the ice layer decreases with increasing ice thickness during freezing, while the concentration of manganese in the water phase increases78.

[0060] Concentrated release in the early stage of ice melting:

[0061] During ice melting, concentrated manganese ions are released initially (when 25% of the ice has melted), and the release rate then stabilizes. For example, experiments have shown that 51.17% to 71.67% of manganese ions are released during the initial melting phase, with the release decreasing in the later stages.

[0062] Combined with subsequent processing technology:

[0063] Ice purification can be used as a pretreatment method in conjunction with electrochemical methods, precipitation methods or activated carbon adsorption. For example, electrochemical methods convert Mn into 2+ It is converted into MnO2 precipitation and then further removed by ice crystal concentration.

[0064] Furthermore, it is necessary to precisely control the degree of supercooling to avoid instantaneous large-scale nucleation, which leads to the appearance of small ice crystals (which are easy to encapsulate impurities), thereby ensuring the quality of the ice crystals and the separation efficiency.

[0065] Furthermore, through temperature gradients, physical fields (such as weak electric fields) or specific surface structures, ice crystals are guided to grow in a directional manner (such as columnar ice), forming a purer and easier to separate ice structure.

[0066] Furthermore, gentle stirring or disturbance can be applied during the freezing process to promote the renewal of unfrozen liquid on the surface of the ice crystals, accelerate the diffusion of impurities into the pollutant concentrate, and prevent ice crystals from agglomerating or clumping.

[0067] Afterwards, the ice crystals and the pollutant concentrate are separated to obtain the ice crystals and the pollutant concentrate;

[0068] When the ice crystals grow to a certain volume or proportion (for example, a freezing rate of 50%-80%), they can be separated using physical separation methods (such as centrifugation, pressing, squeezing, filtration, screening, gravity, decantation, etc.). Usually, the ice crystals are separated from the contaminant concentrate when they are in the wet ice or ice slurry state, because in this state, the impurities are mainly concentrated in the surface liquid layer, and the separation efficiency is higher.

[0069] Optionally, the separated ice crystals are cleaned at a low intensity (such as spraying a small amount of pure cold water) to rinse off the pollutant concentrate film attached to the surface of the ice crystals, thereby further improving the purity of the ice crystals and obtaining pure ice crystals. The water used for cleaning can be treated separately or recycled together with the pollutant concentrate. It should be noted that although cleaning the ice crystals can improve the purity of the ice crystals, in actual applications, this step is an optional operation, and whether the ice crystals need to be cleaned can be determined based on actual needs.

[0070] Optionally, the separated high-concentration pollutant concentrate can be recovered or rendered harmless. The treatment method can be further concentration (such as evaporation and crystallization), recovery of valuable substances (such as specific salts, precious metals), or harmless treatment and discharge after meeting the emission standards.

[0071] Finally, the separated ice crystals (or cleaned ice crystals) are melted to obtain purified water (i.e., high-purity product water). The waste heat or ambient heat source of the green water purification system based on the water freezing purification effect can be used to melt the ice crystals, thereby reducing overall energy consumption.

[0072] Furthermore, the applicant randomly sampled ice three times during a closed ice and snow scenic area in March 2025 to conduct experiments to verify the water freezing purification effect. Ice harvesting at the ice and snow scenic area runs from the end of 2024 to January and February 2025. Therefore, surface water quality indicators from January and February 2025 at a water intake near the ice harvesting area of ​​the ice and snow scenic area were compared.

[0073] Ice sample No. 1's meltwater was tested according to the surface water testing standard, "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), and compared with surface water quality testing data from the same period. Coagulation experiments were conducted on the meltwater, and particle size analysis of turbidity-forming substances in the meltwater was performed. The meltwater had a turbidity of 2.13 NTU and a pH of 6.40. No obvious alum floc particles were observed in multiple coagulation tests.

[0074] Ice sample No. 2 was randomly collected at the ice and snow landscape site, and the water quality was tested according to the drinking water "National Drinking Water Quality Standard" GB5749-2022.

[0075] Based on the comparison results of the two tests, it is necessary to conduct in-depth testing of ice melt water. Combined with the requirements for source water and drinking water testing indicators in GB3838-2002 and GB5749-2022, the surface water and drinking water testing indicators are merged and correlated, and a total of 24 test indicators are determined and merged.

[0076] Related detection indicators: 24 items; including pH, turbidity, color, odor and taste, visible matter, total dissolved solids, total hardness, permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, chloroform, trihalomethane, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, chlorate, lead, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and fecal coliform.

[0077] In view of the long-term experience in raw water testing, the following 22 indicators are not tested for the time being, including five-day biochemical oxygen demand, arsenic, selenium, mercury, cyanide, volatile phenols, sulfide, petroleum, anionic surfactants, total coliform bacteria, monochlorodibromomethane, dichloromonobromomethane, tribromoform, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, aluminum, Escherichia coli, total colony count, total alpha radioactivity, and total beta radioactivity.

[0078] Ice Sample No. 3 randomly samples ice from the ice and snow landscape site and tests the meltwater according to 24 indicators. The meltwater test indicators are also evaluated according to drinking water and surface water standards.

[0079] The comparison data of three ice sample tests are as follows:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Comparison of ice sample water quality test indicators with drinking water standards (GB 5749-2022):

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] As can be seen from the table above;

[0090] The overall compliance rate is high: the vast majority of indicators (such as microorganisms, toxicological indicators, heavy metals, organic matter, etc.) meet the standards for drinking water and are far below the limit, indicating that ice melt water performs well in terms of health and safety.

[0091] Main items exceeding standards:

[0092] Turbidity: Ice sample No. 1 (2.13 NTU) and ice sample No. 3 (8.43 NTU) both exceeded the limit (1 NTU), which may be related to the mixing of impurities in the ice samples.

[0093] Visible to the naked eye: "Dark brown precipitate" was detected in ice sample No. 3, which does not meet the requirement of "no visible matter to the naked eye".

[0094] The pH is slightly abnormal: the pH of ice sample No. 1 is 6.40, slightly lower than the lower limit of drinking water (6.5), but close to the limit, so the impact is small.

[0095] In summary, the overall water quality of meltwater meets the standards for drinking water. Only a few sensory indicators exceed the standards, which may be related to impurity contamination during the sampling process and does not affect the overall safety.

[0096] Calculation of removal rate of main indicators (only select key indicators with corresponding data):

[0097]

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] As can be seen from the above table, the overall purification effect is significant;

[0101] Removal rates for most pollutants (such as total nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, iron, manganese, fluoride, and chloride) ranged from 66.7% to 100%, demonstrating that the freezing process significantly purifies these pollutants. For example, total nitrogen removal reached a maximum of 95.2%, while iron and manganese removal rates generally exceeded 98%. Nitrate and total phosphorus were almost completely removed, demonstrating the ice crystals' ability to retain nutrients and heavy metals.

[0102] Some indicators are abnormal;

[0103] Zinc: Among the three ice samples, except for ice sample No. 2, which was slightly removed compared with the surface water in February, the others showed an "enrichment" phenomenon with concentrations higher than those in the original water (negative removal rate), which may be related to the mixing of local impurities during ice sample collection.

[0104] Lead (ice sample No. 3) and chemical oxygen demand (chemical oxygen demand) (ice sample No. 2): The concentrations of some ice samples were slightly higher than those of the corresponding surface water sources, which may be affected by sampling randomness or experimental errors and is not universal.

[0105] Sensory and microbiological indicators meet the standards;

[0106] Sensory indicators: Ice samples No. 1 and No. 2 have no odor or taste, no visible matter, and the turbidity is lower than the limit for drinking water (1NTU); only ice sample No. 3 has "black-brown precipitation", which may be related to impurities in the ice during sampling.

[0107] Microbial indicators: Total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli were not detected, and the total colony count was far below the limit for drinking water (100 CFU / mL), indicating good hygiene and safety.

[0108] Standards compliance;

[0109] Among the 24 testing indicators of meltwater, except for the turbidity of ice sample No. 3 (8.43NTU) which slightly exceeds the Class III standard for surface water (there is no clear limit, but the turbidity of raw water is higher), the remaining indicators all meet the Class III standards of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002) and the limits of the "Drinking Water Quality Standard" (GB 5749-2022), and the water quality is excellent.

[0110] In summary, the vast majority of indicators (microbiological, toxicological, and sensory indicators) in the ice samples meet the Class III standards for drinking water or surface water, and only some indicators (such as COD exceeding the standard in surface water raw water in February) require attention.

[0111] The freezing process significantly purifies most pollutants (nutrients, heavy metals, turbidity, etc.). The overall quality of the meltwater is superior to that of the original surface water and meets the standards for drinking water and surface water. Unusual enrichment of individual indicators may be related to sampling or experimental conditions and do not affect the overall purification conclusion.

[0112] Optionally, the purified water is treated by mineralization adjustment and ultraviolet (and / or ozone) disinfection technology to adjust the pH of the meltwater to 7.0-7.5, combined with ultraviolet disinfection to ensure that microbial indicators meet the standards (e.g., no fecal coliform bacteria are detected) to obtain drinking water.

[0113] Furthermore, during mineralization regulation, appropriate amounts of natural mineral elements (such as calcium and magnesium) can be added to improve the taste of drinking water while meeting drinking water standards.

[0114] Alternatively, building a drinking water distribution network typically involves adopting a distributed water supply model, creating a physically redundant network, and improving the system's resilience to shocks. Blockchain technology can also be applied to establish a trusted data base to record water quality data, water usage records, and equipment maintenance information, ensuring data transparency and security, supporting peer-to-peer water resource transactions, and optimizing resource allocation efficiency.

[0115] The green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect claimed in this application has the following advantages:

[0116] 1. Green and environmentally friendly: It adopts physical separation method without the use of chemical agents, avoiding secondary pollution problems such as disinfection by-products, and meets the requirements of green, low-carbon and environmental protection.

[0117] 2. Low energy consumption: By simulating the natural freezing process, the energy consumption of the refrigeration and ice melting process is reduced. Compared with traditional processes, energy consumption can be reduced by more than 30%.

[0118] 3. Low cost: Because the use of chemical agents and the investment in related equipment are reduced, the construction and operation costs are reduced.

[0119] 4. High purity: By utilizing the water freezing purification effect, it can effectively remove suspended matter, heavy metals, organic matter and other pollutants in the water, so that the water quality reaches higher standards and meets the requirements of drinking water.

[0120] 5. Improve urban resilience: Adopting a distributed water supply model and blockchain technology to build a physical redundant network and a trusted data base improves the system's shock resistance and resource allocation efficiency, and enhances the city's water supply resilience.

[0121] This application also provides a green water purification system based on the water freezing purification effect, including:

[0122] Pretreatment equipment, used for pre-treating raw water;

[0123] Freeze-thaw equipment is used to perform ice purification, ice crystal extraction and ice melting on pre-treated water.

[0124] Intelligent control system is used to realize automatic operation of the entire process.

[0125] Pretreatment equipment, including:

[0126] Water intake device, used to detect and judge the quality of raw water, and select the appropriate water intake location and direction for water intake;

[0127] The filtration device is used to remove impurities and suspended matter in water. It can be composed of a grid, a roller screen, a cyclone desander, an upward filter tank and other equipment, including:

[0128] A screen or roller screen is used to trap large particles of impurities in the water;

[0129] Cyclone desander, used to remove particles with a size greater than 0.2 mm;

[0130] The upward filter is used to intercept suspended solids of 10-100μm. Based on the water quality indicators and the load requirements of subsequent processes, the turbidity target is usually set at 5-10NTU. The filter and filter media are designed based on the organic matter removal situation. When the upward filter adopts the backwash process, ultrasonic auxiliary function can be added to the backwash process.

[0131] Thermostat is used to adjust the inlet water temperature to near freezing point (usually 0-4°C), thereby maintaining the temperature of the water entering the freezing device between 0-4°C. This prevents the freezing device from increasing the refrigeration load due to excessively high inlet water temperature, and also prevents pipe freezing due to excessively low temperature. The thermostat can be a thermostat coil (with a built-in ethylene glycol solution heat exchange coil that pre-cools the inlet water with refrigerant).

[0132] The sediment-return-to-water ecological protection device can protect water sources and coordinate river sand mining planning by returning sediment to water.

[0133] Green energy is used to power unmanned intelligent pretreatment equipment, freeze-thaw equipment, and intelligent control systems.

[0134] The pretreatment equipment adopts a modular design and can be flexibly configured according to different treatment scales and water quality requirements, suitable for different application scenarios.

[0135] Furthermore, the pretreatment equipment may be a modular compact floating filter tank, and the green energy may be a solar power generation system disposed on the floating filter tank, or a water flow power generation system disposed under the floating vessel.

[0136] In cold areas, floating filter tanks can be insulated with flexible photovoltaic air modules.

[0137] Freeze-thaw equipment includes:

[0138] an ice forming device for converting the pretreated water into a mixed liquid comprising ice crystals and a concentrate of pollutants;

[0139] Furthermore, the icing device utilizes a double-layer vacuum-insulated stainless steel tank, with the interlayer filled with polyurethane foam to minimize cooling loss. A microporous aeration disk is installed on the top of the icing device, allowing refrigerated compressed air to flow in, generating a large number of tiny bubbles that serve as ice nuclei, promoting uniform freezing. The icing device typically uses an ethylene glycol-water solution as the coolant, exchanging heat with the water within the icing device via a plate heat exchanger. The refrigeration unit automatically adjusts the cooling capacity based on the water temperature.

[0140] The cooling rate can be set through the "ice crystal growth-energy consumption-water quality" multi-objective optimization model (based on ice crystal dynamics, thermodynamics, and pollutant migration mechanism) and the "ice layer thickness-freezing load-concentrated liquid conductivity" online coupling model (used to predict the freezing end point in real time and optimize energy consumption).

[0141] A drainage device for discharging concentrated pollutant liquid from the icing device;

[0142] Furthermore, a conical water collection area is installed at the bottom of the freezing device. Because the density of the pollutant concentrate is greater than that of the ice-water mixture, the pollutant concentrate will naturally settle at the bottom of the freezing device. The conical water collection area is connected to a peristaltic pump via a drainage pipe, and the peristaltic pump is connected to a water level sensor to achieve automatic start and stop. A breathing valve is also installed at the top of the freezing device to maintain a (slight) negative pressure inside the freezing device, thereby accelerating the flow of pollutant concentrate to the bottom and preventing the ice surface from cracking and causing impurities to flow back.

[0143] An ice melting device for melting ice crystals;

[0144] Furthermore, an ice melting trough is provided below the icing device. A guide plate connected to the icing device guides the detached ice into the trough. The ice is then sprayed with circulating warm water to melt the ice crystals. The water temperature is usually maintained between 15-25°C to prevent the water temperature from being too high and causing impurities on the ice surface to dissolve.

[0145] The intelligent control system, including temperature sensors, liquid level sensors, and turbidity sensors, automates the entire process, including pretreatment, ice purification, ice crystal separation, and ice crystal melting. Sensors and PLCs enable automated control of the entire process, ensuring precise execution of each process step and the stability and reliability of the water purification effect.

[0146] This green water purification system, based on the water freezing purification effect, offers advantages such as low cost (reducing the use of chemicals and related equipment), ease of installation, maintenance, and transportation (adopting a modular design), and reduced system construction and operating costs. This application can also be expanded to other water treatment-related technical fields, such as groundwater. The floating filter can also be independently applied in scenarios such as improving water quality at water sources and emergency rescue operations.

[0147] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0148] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0149] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A green water purification process based on the water freezing purification effect, characterized in that: include: Pre-treat raw water; Freezing and purifying the pretreated water to form a mixture of ice crystals and pollutant concentrate; separating the ice crystals from the pollutant concentrate to obtain the ice crystals and the pollutant concentrate; The separated ice crystals are melted to obtain purified water.

2. The green water purification process based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pretreatment of raw water includes: Conduct water quality testing and water extraction for raw water; Remove impurities and suspended matter from water; Adjust the inlet water temperature to maintain the water temperature entering the freezing device at 0-4℃.

3. The green water purification process based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the ice crystals are in the state of wet ice or ice slurry, the ice crystals are separated from the pollutant concentrate.

4. The green water purification process based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The separated ice crystals are washed to obtain pure ice crystals.

5. The green water purification process based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The separated pollutant concentrate is recovered or treated harmlessly.

6. The green water purification process based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The purified water is treated to obtain drinking water.

7. A green water purification system based on the water freezing purification effect, characterized in that: include: Pretreatment equipment, used for pre-treating raw water; Freeze-thaw equipment is used to perform ice purification, ice crystal extraction and ice melting on pre-treated water.

8. The green water purification system based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: Pretreatment equipment includes: Water intake device, used for testing the quality of raw water and taking water; Filtration device, used to remove impurities and suspended matter in water; The temperature control device is used to adjust the inlet water temperature so that the water temperature entering the freezing device is maintained at 0-4℃.

9. The green water purification system based on water freezing purification effect according to claim 8, characterized in that: Freeze-thaw integrated equipment includes: an ice forming device for converting the pretreated water into a mixed liquid comprising ice crystals and a concentrate of pollutants; A drainage device for discharging concentrated pollutant liquid from the icing device; Ice melting device, used to melt ice crystals.

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