Heavy metal ion treatment equipment for electroplating wastewater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water pollution control and treatment, and particularly discloses electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment. The cathode bar is sleeved with the isolation cover provided with the multiple communicating grooves at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the annular mounting base with the lifting mechanism is slidably mounted outside the isolation cover, so that the clearing mechanism in the mounting base can dynamically clear sediments in the length direction of the cathode bar. The design of the communicating groove of the isolation hood not only allows electroplating wastewater to be in full contact with the cathode bar, but also restrains sediments in an area in the groove by limiting a fluid diffusion path, so that disordered diffusion of metal particles in the electrolytic tank is effectively prevented. And the lifting motion of the mounting seat is matched with the clearing mechanism, so that sediments on the surface of the cathode can be continuously stripped in the electrolysis process, the efficiency loss caused by shutdown clearing in a traditional aeration method is avoided, meanwhile, the secondary pollution risk of suspended sludge is reduced, and continuous and efficient recovery of heavy metal ions is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water pollution control and treatment, and in particular to a heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater. Background Art

[0002] The electroplating industry widely uses heavy metal compounds such as chromium, nickel, copper, and zinc as plating raw materials during production. These heavy metal ions easily dissolve in water during the cleaning of plated parts and waste liquid discharge, forming electroplating wastewater. Due to the high toxicity, difficulty in degradation, and bioaccumulation of heavy metal ions, if they are discharged directly without effective treatment, they will cause serious harm to the soil, groundwater, and human health. Traditional electroplating wastewater treatment technologies generally suffer from low treatment efficiency, high risk of secondary pollution, and the inability to recycle precious metal resources. Especially with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the increasing scarcity of precious metal resources, the development of efficient and sustainable heavy metal treatment technologies has become an urgent need in the industry.

[0003] At present, the main treatment methods for electroplating wastewater include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and electrolysis. Chemical precipitation involves adding alkali solution or sodium sulfide to precipitate heavy metal ions into hydroxides or sulfides, but this consumes a large amount of reagents and produces hazardous waste sludge containing heavy metals. Although ion exchange can achieve selective adsorption of heavy metals, the resin regeneration process produces high-salt wastewater, resulting in high operating costs. Although membrane separation technology can efficiently intercept heavy metal ions, the flux attenuation and frequent chemical cleaning caused by membrane fouling limit its large-scale application. In contrast, electrolysis drives the directional deposition of heavy metal ions on the cathode surface through an external electric field, combining the dual advantages of pollutant removal and metal resource recovery, making it a hot topic in current research and application.

[0004] For example, the invention patent with publication number CN101717134A discloses a method for electrolytically treating zinc-containing electroplating wastewater and recovering zinc. Its background technology explains the defects or problems of other treatment methods, and thus adopts electrolysis to achieve the recovery of heavy metal ions. However, electrolysis also has technical defects. The core problem of electrolysis is that the metal layer continuously deposited on the cathode surface will gradually passivate the electrode, resulting in a decrease in current efficiency and a surge in energy consumption. To alleviate the passivation phenomenon, aeration is often used in industry to assist the electrolysis process. That is, compressed air is introduced into the electrolytic cell, and the bubble disturbance is used to flush the cathode surface to inhibit the densification of the sediment layer.

[0005] However, aeration has significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, bubble flushing can only delay passivation but cannot completely prevent it, requiring periodic shutdowns for manual cleaning of the cathode rods, severely restricting continuous production capacity. Second, aeration disturbances cause some deposited metal particles to resuspend in the wastewater, forming suspended sludge containing heavy metals. This requires the installation of additional sedimentation tanks, centrifuges, and other subsequent solid-liquid separation facilities, increasing equipment investment and floor space while also posing the risk of secondary pollution due to improper sludge disposal. Furthermore, the aeration process exacerbates electrolyte turbulence, potentially causing heavy metal ions to migrate to non-target areas and reducing metal recovery purity.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the above-mentioned technology to meet the requirements of efficient recovery of heavy metal ions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the defects of the aeration method in the existing electrolysis technology, such as uncontrollable cathode passivation, high risk of secondary pollution of suspended sludge, insufficient purity of metal recovery and reliance on multi-stage separation facilities, the present application provides an electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment.

[0008] This application provides an electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment device, which adopts the following technical solution: A device for treating heavy metal ions in electroplating wastewater comprises an electrolytic cell, an anode rod and a cathode rod arranged in the electrolytic cell. The cathode rod is outer-circumferentially provided with an isolation cover, and a connecting groove is provided on the outside of the isolation cover along the length direction of the cathode rod. A plurality of connecting grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cathode rod. An annular mounting seat is slidingly mounted on the outside of the isolation cover. The electrolytic cell is provided with a lifting mechanism for driving the mounting seat to rise and fall. A plurality of cleaning mechanisms for cleaning the precipitates generated on the cathode rod are provided in the mounting seat corresponding to each of the connecting grooves.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application arranges the cathode rod in an isolation cover with a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting grooves, and slides an annular mounting seat with a lifting mechanism outside the isolation cover, so that the cleaning mechanism in the mounting seat can dynamically clean the sediment along the length direction of the cathode rod. The connecting groove design of the isolation cover allows the electroplating wastewater to fully contact the cathode rod, and confines the sediment to the area within the groove by limiting the fluid diffusion path, effectively preventing the disorderly diffusion of metal particles in the electrolytic cell. The lifting movement of the mounting seat cooperates with the cleaning mechanism to continuously peel off the cathode surface sediment during the electrolysis process, avoiding the efficiency loss caused by the shutdown cleaning of the traditional aeration method, while reducing the risk of secondary pollution of suspended sludge, and realizing continuous and efficient recovery of heavy metal ions.

[0010] Optionally, the cleaning mechanism includes a flushing assembly for removing the precipitates attached to the cathode rod in the corresponding connecting groove, a suction assembly for sucking the precipitates flushed and diffused in the connecting groove, an air pressure regulating piston for making the flushing assembly and the suction assembly work alternately, a reciprocating motion assembly for driving the air pressure regulating piston to move back and forth, a linkage assembly for driving the reciprocating motion assembly to move through the lifting mechanism, and a filtering assembly for separating the solution and precipitates sucked by the suction assembly and using the separated solution as a flushing liquid for the flushing assembly.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the cleaning mechanism realizes the integrated operation of sediment stripping and collection through the alternating operation of the flushing component and the suction component, driven by the air pressure regulating piston and the reciprocating motion component. The flushing component sprays high-pressure fluid to break up and flush away the sediment attached to the cathode surface. The suction component simultaneously draws the liquid containing particles into the filter component for solid-liquid separation. The separated clear liquid is then reused for the flushing process. This design converts the vertical movement of the lifting mechanism into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the piston through the linkage component, ensuring that the cleaning action is precisely matched to the cleaning requirements of the cathode rod, completing the self-cleaning cycle without the need for an external power source, significantly improving the system's degree of automation, and reducing energy consumption and the frequency of manual intervention.

[0012] Optionally, the flushing assembly includes a nozzle and a flushing chamber, the flushing chamber is arranged in the mounting seat, the nozzle extends out of the mounting seat and into the corresponding connecting groove, and is opposite to the peripheral wall of the cathode rod and connected with the flushing chamber, and a one-way valve is installed on the water inlet and outlet of the flushing chamber, the one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the nozzle, the suction assembly and the flushing assembly are spaced apart, and the flushing chamber is connected with the suction assembly through the filter assembly.

[0013] By adopting this technical solution, the flushing assembly utilizes a nozzle structure connected to the flushing chamber within the mounting base, allowing high-pressure fluid to be directed through the nozzle onto the cathode rod surface. The flushing range precisely covers the connecting slot area, preventing disorderly splashing of electrolyte. The enclosed design of the flushing chamber confines the sprayed fluid to a limited space, both enhancing local impact force and reducing mutual interference with the main electrolysis reaction zone. The layout of the nozzle extending into the connecting slot further enhances the fluid's effect on sediment stripping, ensuring continuous recovery of cathode surface activity and maintaining stable electrolysis efficiency.

[0014] Optionally, the suction assembly includes a suction pipe and a suction chamber, the suction chamber is arranged in the mounting seat, the suction pipe extends out of the mounting seat and into the corresponding connecting groove, and is opposite to the peripheral wall of the cathode rod and connected with the suction chamber, and a one-way valve is installed on the water inlet and water outlet of the suction chamber, the one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the suction direction of the suction pipe, the suction chamber is connected with the flushing chamber through the filter assembly, and the two ends of the air pressure regulating piston are respectively slidably sealed and inserted into the suction chamber and the flushing chamber.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the suction tube of the suction assembly is connected to the suction chamber. The reciprocating motion of the air pressure regulating piston generates negative pressure, rapidly drawing the flushed sediment-containing liquid into the suction chamber. The placement of the suction tube directly opposite the cathode rod's peripheral wall enables it to efficiently capture suspended particles, preventing particle retention within the tank. The suction chamber and the flushing chamber are connected through the filter assembly to form a closed fluid circuit, allowing the separated clear liquid to be recycled for flushing operations, reducing fresh water consumption. The dual-chamber sliding seal design of the air pressure regulating piston achieves a dynamic balance between the suction and flushing pressures, ensuring the stability of the collaborative operation of the two components.

[0016] Optionally, the reciprocating motion component includes a rotating shaft, a dial and a positioning column. The air pressure regulating piston is provided with an avoidance groove. The rotating shaft passes through the avoidance groove and is rotatably installed in the mounting seat. The dial is fixed on the rotating shaft. Two positioning columns are provided. The two positioning columns are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the avoidance groove. A plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals on the edge of the dial. When the rotating disk rotates, the rotating disk can push the two positioning columns to move in opposite directions.

[0017] By employing this technical solution, the reciprocating assembly, driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft and the dial, drives the positioning post to reciprocate within the avoidance groove, converting the rotary motion into linear motion of the air pressure regulating piston. Multiple protrusions on the dial's edge cooperate with the positioning post to form a mechanical reversing mechanism. This symmetrical layout ensures consistent bidirectional piston travel, preventing unilateral wear. This purely mechanical transmission solution achieves stable reciprocating motion without the need for electronic control components, making it particularly suitable for the high-humidity and highly corrosive environments found in electrolytic cells, significantly improving system reliability and service life.

[0018] Optionally, the linkage assembly includes a gear coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft and a rack fixed to the outer wall of the isolation cover, the length direction of the rack is consistent with the extension direction of the avoidance groove, and the gear and the rack are engaged with each other.

[0019] By employing this technical solution, the linkage assembly converts the lifting motion of the mounting base into rotational motion of the shaft through the meshing of a gear and rack, ensuring that the reciprocating frequency of the cleaning mechanism is strictly synchronized with the lifting speed. This gear-rack meshing structure combines high transmission accuracy with strong resistance to lateral forces, preventing binding or slipping caused by load fluctuations during movement. The rack is fixed along the outer wall of the isolation housing, further simplifying the spatial layout of the drive train and ensuring the overall compactness of the equipment, making it suitable for confined or complex working environments.

[0020] Optionally, the filter assembly includes two connecting pipes for connecting the flushing chamber and the suction chamber, a filter bin arranged between the two connecting pipes, and a filter plate arranged in the filter bin. The filter bin can be removably installed between the two connecting pipes and connect the two connecting pipes.

[0021] By adopting this technical solution, the filtration assembly features a removable filter chamber structure, connected to the flushing chamber and suction chamber via two connecting pipes, allowing the sediment-containing liquid to flow through the filter plates for solid-liquid separation. The modular design of the filter chamber allows for quick removal, replacement, or cleaning of the filter plates, resolving the clogging and maintenance difficulties of traditional built-in filters. The separated clear liquid is directly reinjected into the flushing chamber for reuse, creating a self-contained fluid circulation system that reduces reliance on external water treatment units and prevents filtered particles from re-entering the electrolytic cell and contaminating the cathode surface.

[0022] Optionally, the lifting mechanism includes a driving member installed on the top of the electrolytic cell and a bidirectional screw coaxially fixed to the output end of the driving member, the mounting seat is provided with a through hole for the bidirectional screw to pass through, and a ball is movably arranged between the bidirectional screw and the side wall of the through hole. A guide rod is also provided on the top of the electrolytic cell, and a limiting hole corresponding to the guide rod is provided on the mounting seat, and the guide rod passes through the limiting hole and is adapted to the limiting hole.

[0023] By adopting this technical solution, the lifting mechanism drives the mounting base smoothly up and down through the cooperation of a bidirectional screw and ball bearing. The threaded design of the bidirectional screw enables precise control of the lifting stroke to adapt to the cleaning requirements of different cathode rod lengths or deposit thicknesses. The restraining effect of the guide rod and the limit hole eliminates the risk of deflection of the mounting base during movement, ensuring that the cleaning mechanism remains aligned with the cathode rod axis. The output end of the drive is directly connected to the bidirectional screw, simplifying the transmission structure and reducing energy loss, allowing the equipment to maintain efficient response and positioning accuracy even under frequent start-stop conditions.

[0024] In summary, this application has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present invention thoroughly solves the problems of cathode passivation, particle diffusion, and secondary pollution in traditional electrolysis methods through a coordinated design of multiple structures. First, the isolation cover, which is mounted on the cathode rod, has multiple circumferentially spaced connecting grooves along its length. This design strictly confines the electrolysis reaction to the connecting grooves, allowing heavy metal ions to migrate only within the grooves and deposit on the cathode surface. Compared with traditional open electrolytic cells, the physical barrier of the isolation cover effectively blocks interference of anode side reaction products with cathode deposition. It also confines eroded and stripped metal particles within the connecting grooves, preventing them from dispersing randomly with the electrolyte. In addition, a sliding annular mounting seat on the outside of the isolation cover is driven by a lifting mechanism, driving a cleaning mechanism to periodically move along the axial direction of the cathode rod, achieving dynamic cleaning of deposits without requiring downtime. 2. The present invention further achieves precise self-driven control of the cleaning mechanism through mechanical linkage. The flushing assembly and suction assembly in the mounting base are linked via a pneumatically regulated piston. The reciprocating motion of the piston is driven by a purely mechanical reversing mechanism consisting of a rotating shaft, a dial, and a positioning post. When the lifting mechanism drives the mounting base to move, the meshing of the gear and rack converts linear motion into rotating shaft rotation. The protrusions on the edge of the dial alternately push the positioning post, forcing the piston to rapidly reverse horizontally. This mechanical timing control scheme requires no electronic control components, completely avoiding the risk of failure of traditional electronic control systems in highly corrosive environments. At the same time, it ensures strict synchronization of flushing and suction actions, avoiding residual or over-flushing problems caused by delayed action. The two ends of the piston are respectively inserted into the flushing chamber and the suction chamber. The flushing pressure and suction negative pressure are dynamically adjusted by the pressure difference between the two chambers, adapting to different deposit thicknesses and achieving significant energy savings compared to the traditional fixed pressure mode. 3. The alternating working mechanism of the nozzle and the suction pipe designed in this application effectively avoids the interference of the high-pressure jet water flow on the negative pressure suction flow field during synchronous operation through physical timing isolation, ensuring that the kinetic energy of the water in the flushing stage is fully used to destroy the sediment attachment structure, and the negative pressure potential energy in the suction stage is fully realized to achieve efficient removal of loose particles, significantly improving the sediment stripping efficiency; at the same time, this timing design avoids the risk of large particles entrained by the jet water flow to block the suction pipe during synchronous operation, and uses the water hammer effect in the flushing stage to form a self-cleaning effect, greatly extending the operating cycle of the filter component, and achieving low clogging and low energy consumption while ensuring a high removal rate. Continuous and stable operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure inside the electrolytic cell; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of part of the internal structure at the middle mounting seat; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at the middle isolation cover; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cleaning mechanism; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cleaning mechanism.

[0027] Figure numerals: 1. electrolytic cell; 11. anode rod; 12. cathode rod; 2. isolation cover; 21. connecting groove; 3. mounting seat; 31. air pressure regulating piston; 311. avoidance groove; 4. lifting mechanism; 41. driving member; 42. bidirectional screw rod; 43. guide rod; 5. flushing assembly; 51. nozzle; 52. flushing chamber; 6. suction assembly; 61. suction pipe; 62. suction chamber; 7. reciprocating motion assembly; 71. rotating shaft; 72. dial; 721. protrusion; 73. positioning column; 8. linkage assembly; 81. gear; 82. rack; 9. filter assembly; 91. connecting pipe; 92. filter plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 , further details of this application are given.

[0029] The embodiment of the present application discloses an electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment device.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater includes an electrolytic cell 1, an anode rod 11 and a cathode rod 12 arranged in the electrolytic cell 1, a diaphragm is arranged between the anode rod 11 and the cathode rod 12, an isolation cover 2 is provided on the outer shell of the cathode rod 12, a connecting groove 21 is opened along the length direction of the cathode rod 12 on the outside of the isolation cover 2, and a plurality of connecting grooves 21 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cathode rod 12, an annular mounting seat 3 is slidably mounted on the outside of the isolation cover 2, a lifting mechanism 4 for driving the mounting seat 3 to rise and fall is provided on the electrolytic cell 1, and a plurality of cleaning mechanisms for cleaning the precipitates generated on the cathode rod 12 are provided in the mounting seat 3 corresponding to each connecting groove 21.

[0031] This solution is achieved by sleeve-mounting the cathode rod 12 within an isolation cover 2 having a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting grooves 21, and slidingly mounting an annular mounting seat 3 with a lifting mechanism 4 outside the isolation cover 2, so that the cleaning mechanism within the mounting seat 3 can dynamically clean the sediment along the length of the cathode rod 12. The design of the connecting grooves 21 of the isolation cover 2 not only allows the electroplating wastewater to fully contact the cathode rod 12, but also confines the sediment to the area within the groove by limiting the fluid diffusion path, effectively preventing the disorderly diffusion of metal particles within the electrolytic cell 1. The lifting movement of the mounting seat 3, in conjunction with the cleaning mechanism, can continuously peel off the sediment on the cathode surface during the electrolysis process, avoiding the efficiency loss caused by downtime for cleaning in the traditional aeration method, while reducing the risk of secondary pollution of suspended sludge, and achieving continuous and efficient recovery of heavy metal ions.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The lifting mechanism 4 includes a driving member 41 installed on the top of the electrolytic cell 1 and a bidirectional screw rod 42 coaxially fixed on the output end of the driving member 41. The driving member 41 adopts a reduction motor. A through-hole for the bidirectional screw rod 42 to pass through is opened on the mounting seat 3. A ball is movably arranged between the bidirectional screw rod 42 and the side wall of the through-hole. A guide rod 43 is also provided on the top of the electrolytic cell 1. A limiting hole is opened on the mounting seat 3 corresponding to the guide rod 43. The guide rod 43 passes through the limiting hole and adapts to the limiting hole.

[0033] The lifting mechanism 4 drives the mounting base 3 to rise and fall smoothly through the cooperation of the bidirectional screw 42 and the ball bearing. The threaded design of the bidirectional screw 42 enables precise control of the lifting stroke to adapt to the cleaning requirements of different cathode rod 12 lengths or deposition thicknesses. The restraining effect of the guide rod 43 and the limit hole eliminates the risk of deflection of the mounting base 3 during movement, ensuring that the cleaning mechanism always remains aligned with the axis of the cathode rod 12. The output end of the drive member 41 is directly connected to the bidirectional screw 42, simplifying the transmission structure and reducing energy loss, so that the equipment can still maintain efficient response and positioning accuracy under frequent start-stop conditions.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 The cleaning mechanism includes a flushing component 5 for removing the sediment attached to the cathode rod 12 in the corresponding connecting groove 21, a suction component 6 for sucking the sediment flushed and diffused in the connecting groove 21, an air pressure regulating piston 31 for making the flushing component 5 and the suction component 6 work alternately, a reciprocating motion component 7 for driving the air pressure regulating piston 31 to reciprocate, a linkage component 8 for driving the reciprocating motion component 7 to move through the lifting mechanism 4, and a filtering component 9 for separating the solution and sediment sucked by the suction component 6 and using the separated solution as a flushing liquid for the flushing component 5.

[0035] The cleaning mechanism realizes the integrated operation of sediment stripping and collection through the alternating operation of the flushing component 5 and the suction component 6, driven by the air pressure regulating piston 31 and the reciprocating motion component 7. The flushing component 5 sprays high-pressure fluid to break up and flush away the sediment attached to the cathode surface, and the suction component 6 simultaneously sucks the liquid containing particles into the filter component 9 for solid-liquid separation. The separated clear liquid is reused in the flushing process. This design converts the vertical movement of the lifting mechanism 4 into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the piston through the linkage component 8, ensuring that the cleaning action is precisely matched with the cleaning requirements of the cathode rod 12, completing the self-cleaning cycle without the need for an external power source, significantly improving the system's automation level, and reducing energy consumption and the frequency of manual intervention.

[0036] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 The flushing assembly 5 includes a nozzle 51 and a flushing chamber 52. The flushing chamber 52 is arranged in the mounting seat 3. The nozzle 51 extends out of the mounting seat 3 and into the corresponding connecting groove 21. It is facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod 12 and is connected to the flushing chamber 52. A one-way valve is installed on the water inlet and outlet of the flushing chamber 52. The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with that of the nozzle 51. The suction assembly 6 and the flushing assembly 5 are arranged at intervals. The flushing chamber 52 is connected to the suction assembly 6 through the filter assembly 9.

[0037] The flushing assembly 5 utilizes a nozzle 51 structure connected to a flushing chamber 52 within the mounting base 3. This allows high-pressure fluid to be directed through the nozzle 51 onto the surface of the cathode rod 12, precisely covering the connecting groove 21 area and preventing disorderly splashing of the electrolyte. The enclosed design of the flushing chamber 52 confines the injected fluid to a limited space, both enhancing the local impact force and reducing mutual interference with the main electrolysis reaction zone. The arrangement of the nozzle 51 extending into the connecting groove 21 further enhances the fluid's effect on sediment removal, ensuring continuous recovery of cathode surface activity and maintaining stable electrolysis efficiency.

[0038] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 The suction assembly 6 includes a suction pipe 61 and a suction chamber 62. The suction chamber 62 is arranged in the mounting seat 3. The suction pipe 61 extends out of the mounting seat 3 and extends into the corresponding connecting groove 21. It is opposite to the peripheral wall of the cathode rod 12 and is connected to the suction chamber 62. A one-way valve is installed on the water inlet and outlet of the suction chamber 62. The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the suction direction of the suction pipe 61. The suction chamber 62 is connected with the flushing chamber 52 through the filter assembly 9. The two ends of the air pressure regulating piston 31 are respectively slidably sealed and inserted into the suction chamber 62 and the flushing chamber 52.

[0039] The suction pipe 61 of the suction assembly 6 is connected to the suction chamber 62, and the reciprocating motion of the air pressure regulating piston 31 generates negative pressure, which quickly draws the flushed sediment-containing liquid into the suction chamber 62. The layout of the suction pipe 61 facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod 12 enables it to efficiently capture suspended particles and prevent particles from being retained in the tank. The suction chamber 62 and the flushing chamber 52 are connected through the filter assembly 9 to form a closed-loop fluid circuit, so that the separated clear liquid can be recycled for flushing operations, reducing the consumption of fresh water. The dual-chamber sliding seal design of the air pressure regulating piston 31 achieves a dynamic balance between the suction and flushing pressures, ensuring the stability of the collaborative work of the two components.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 The reciprocating motion component 7 includes a rotating shaft 71, a dial 72 and a positioning column 73. An avoidance groove 311 is opened on the air pressure regulating piston 31. The rotating shaft 71 passes through the avoidance groove 311 and is rotatably installed in the mounting seat 3. The dial 72 is fixed on the rotating shaft 71. There are two positioning columns 73. The two positioning columns 73 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the avoidance groove 311. The edge of the dial 72 is provided with multiple protrusions 721 at intervals. When the rotating disk rotates, the rotating disk can push the two positioning columns 73 to move in opposite directions.

[0041] The reciprocating assembly 7 reciprocates within the avoidance groove 311 through the rotation of the rotating shaft 71 and the dial 72, driving the positioning post 73. This rotational motion is converted into linear motion of the air pressure regulating piston 31. Multiple protrusions 721 on the edge of the dial 72 cooperate with the positioning post 73 to form a mechanical reversing mechanism. This symmetrical layout ensures consistent bidirectional piston movement, preventing unilateral wear. This purely mechanical transmission solution achieves stable reciprocating motion without the need for electronic control components, making it particularly suitable for the high-humidity and highly corrosive environments of the electrolytic cell 1, significantly improving system reliability and service life.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 The linkage assembly 8 includes a gear 81 coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft 71 and a rack 82 fixed to the outer wall of the isolation cover 2. The length direction of the rack 82 is consistent with the extension direction of the avoidance groove 311, and the gear 81 and the rack 82 are meshed with each other. The meshing structure of the gear 81 and the rack 82 has the characteristics of high transmission accuracy and strong resistance to lateral force, avoiding jamming or slipping caused by load fluctuations during movement. The rack 82 is fixed along the outer wall of the isolation cover 2, which further simplifies the spatial layout of the transmission chain, ensures the overall compactness of the equipment, and is suitable for small or complex working conditions.

[0043] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6The filter assembly 9 includes two connecting pipes 91 for connecting the flushing chamber 52 and the suction chamber 62, a filter chamber arranged between the two connecting pipes 91, and a filter plate 92 arranged in the filter chamber. The filter plate 92 is double-layered, with an upper 100μm stainless steel mesh to intercept coarse particles and a lower 5μm PTFE membrane for fine filtration. The filter chamber can be detachably installed between the two connecting pipes 91 and connects the two connecting pipes 91. The modular design of the filter chamber allows for quick disassembly, replacement or cleaning of the filter plates, solving the problem that traditional built-in filter screens are prone to clogging and difficult to maintain. The separated clear liquid is directly injected back into the flushing chamber 52 for reuse, forming a self-sufficient fluid circulation system, reducing dependence on external water treatment units, and preventing filtered particles from entering the electrolytic cell 1 for the second time to contaminate the cathode surface.

[0044] The working principle of the heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater according to the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when the driving member 41 is started, the bidirectional screw 42 drives the mounting base 3 to descend at a uniform speed along the axial direction of the cathode rod 12, the gear 81 on the outer side of the mounting base 3 engages with the rack 82 fixed to the isolation cover 2, forcing the rotating shaft 71 to rotate, and the dial 72 on the rotating shaft 71 alternately pushes the positioning column 73 through multiple protrusions 721 on the edge, causing the air pressure regulating piston 31 to reciprocate in the horizontal direction; When the air pressure regulating piston 31 advances toward the flushing chamber 52, the filtered clear liquid pre-stored in the flushing chamber 52 is sprayed at a certain pressure through the nozzle 51 to flush the surface of the cathode rod 12, so that the precipitate on the surface of the cathode rod 12 is stripped off. At this time, the suction chamber 62 generates a negative pressure due to the reverse movement of the piston, and the mixture of precipitate and solution is sucked into the chamber through the suction pipe 61. The mixed liquid enters the detachable filter bin through the connecting pipe 91, and the filter plate 92 intercepts the precipitate. The filtered clear liquid flows back to the flushing chamber 52 for replenishment. At this time, the air pressure regulating piston 31 moves away from the suction chamber 62, so that the stripped precipitate mixture is sucked into the suction chamber 62. When the air pressure regulating piston 31 is pushed toward the suction chamber 62, the precipitate mixture sucked into the suction chamber 62 is pressed into the filter chamber through the connecting pipe 91, and passes through the filter plate 92 for solid-liquid separation, so that the precipitate is retained on the filter plate 92, while the solution enters the flushing chamber 52 and is reserved for flushing the precipitate on the cathode rod 12 next time. This process is repeated to continuously remove the precipitate on the surface of the cathode rod 12. When the mounting seat 3 descends to the bottom end of the cathode rod 12, the driving member 41 reverses and drives the mounting seat 3 to rise, thereby realizing the reciprocating removal of the precipitation on the surface of the cathode rod 12; during the entire process, the electrolytic cell 1 is continuously energized, and the metal ions on the surface of the cathode rod 12 are continuously deposited and periodically removed, thereby realizing the continuous electrolytic deposition and dynamic recovery of heavy metal ions.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which this application belongs. The words “first”, “second”, “third” and similar terms used in the specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as “a” or “an” and the like do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as “include” or “comprise” and the like mean that the elements or objects appearing before “include” or “comprises” cover the elements or objects listed after “include” or “comprises” and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. “Up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0046] The above are all optional embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment device, comprising an electrolytic cell (1), an anode rod (11) and a cathode rod (12) arranged in the electrolytic cell (1), characterized in that: The cathode rod (12) is provided with an isolation cover (2) on its outer shell, and a connecting groove (21) is provided on the outside of the isolation cover (2) along the length direction of the cathode rod (12), and a plurality of connecting grooves (21) are provided at intervals along the circumference of the cathode rod (12). An annular mounting seat (3) is slidably mounted on the outside of the isolation cover (2), and a lifting mechanism (4) for driving the mounting seat (3) to rise and fall is provided on the electrolytic cell (1), and a plurality of cleaning mechanisms for cleaning the precipitates generated on the cathode rod (12) are provided in the mounting seat (3) corresponding to each of the connecting grooves (21).

2. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes a flushing component (5) for removing sediment attached to the cathode rod (12) in the corresponding connecting groove (21), a suction component (6) for sucking the sediment flushed and diffused in the connecting groove (21), an air pressure regulating piston (31) for making the flushing component (5) and the suction component (6) work alternately, a reciprocating motion component (7) for driving the air pressure regulating piston (31) to reciprocate, a linkage component (8) for driving the reciprocating motion component (7) to move through the lifting mechanism (4), and a filtering component (9) for separating the solution and sediment sucked by the suction component (6) and using the separated solution as a flushing liquid for the flushing component (5).

3. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flushing assembly (5) includes a nozzle (51) and a flushing chamber (52). The flushing chamber (52) is arranged in the mounting seat (3). The nozzle (51) extends out of the mounting seat (3) and extends into the corresponding connecting groove (21). It is opposite to the peripheral wall of the cathode rod (12) and is connected to the flushing chamber (52). A one-way valve is installed on the water inlet and the water outlet of the flushing chamber (52). The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with that of the nozzle (51). The suction assembly (6) and the flushing assembly (5) are arranged at intervals. The flushing chamber (52) is connected to the suction assembly (6) through the filter assembly (9).

4. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The suction assembly (6) includes a suction pipe (61) and a suction chamber (62). The suction chamber (62) is arranged in the mounting seat (3). The suction pipe (61) extends out of the mounting seat (3) and extends into the corresponding connecting groove (21). The suction pipe (61) is opposite to the peripheral wall of the cathode rod (12) and is connected to the suction chamber (62). A one-way valve is installed on the water inlet and the water outlet of the suction chamber (62). The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the suction direction of the suction pipe (61). The suction chamber (62) is connected to the flushing chamber (52) through the filter assembly (9). The two ends of the air pressure regulating piston (31) are respectively slidably sealed and inserted into the suction chamber (62) and the flushing chamber (52).

5. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reciprocating motion assembly (7) comprises a rotating shaft (71), a toggle disc (72) and a positioning column (73); a avoidance groove (311) is provided on the air pressure regulating piston (31); the rotating shaft (71) passes through the avoidance groove (311) and is rotatably mounted in the mounting seat (3); the toggle disc (72) is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft (71); two positioning columns (73) are provided, and the two positioning columns (73) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the avoidance groove (311); a plurality of protrusions (721) are spaced apart on the edge of the toggle disc (72); when the rotating disc rotates, the rotating disc can push the two positioning columns (73) to move in opposite directions.

6. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The linkage assembly (8) comprises a gear (81) coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft (71) and a rack (82) fixed to the outer wall of the isolation cover (2); the length direction of the rack (82) is consistent with the extension direction of the avoidance groove (311), and the gear (81) and the rack (82) are meshed with each other.

7. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter assembly (9) comprises two connecting pipes (91) for connecting the flushing chamber (52) and the suction chamber (62), a filter chamber arranged between the two connecting pipes (91), and a filter plate (92) arranged in the filter chamber. The filter chamber is detachably mounted between the two connecting pipes (91) and connects the two connecting pipes (91).

8. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (4) includes a driving member (41) installed on the top of the electrolytic cell (1) and a bidirectional screw rod (42) coaxially fixed to the output end of the driving member (41); a through hole for the bidirectional screw rod (42) to pass through is provided on the mounting seat (3); a ball is movably provided between the bidirectional screw rod (42) and the side wall of the through hole; a guide rod (43) is also provided on the top of the electrolytic cell (1); a limiting hole is provided on the mounting seat (3) corresponding to the guide rod (43); the guide rod (43) passes through the limiting hole and is adapted to the limiting hole.

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