Electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment

Abstract

The application relates to the field of water pollution control and treatment, and particularly discloses a heavy metal ion treatment equipment for electroplating wastewater. The cathode rod is sleeved in the isolation cover provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced communication grooves, and the annular mounting seat with a lifting mechanism is slidably arranged outside the isolation cover, so that the removal mechanism in the mounting seat can dynamically clean the deposits along the length direction of the cathode rod. The communication grooves of the isolation cover allow the electroplating wastewater to fully contact the cathode rod, and the deposits are constrained in the groove area by limiting the fluid diffusion path, so that the disorderly diffusion of metal particles in the electrolytic cell is effectively prevented. The lifting movement of the mounting seat cooperates with the removal mechanism, so that the deposits on the surface of the cathode can be continuously stripped during the electrolysis process, the efficiency loss caused by the cleaning during shutdown in the traditional aeration method is avoided, the secondary pollution risk of the suspended sludge is reduced, and the continuous and efficient recovery of the heavy metal ions is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water pollution control and treatment technology, and in particular to a heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] The electroplating industry widely uses heavy metal compounds such as chromium, nickel, copper, and zinc as coating raw materials. These heavy metal ions readily dissolve in water during the cleaning of plated parts and wastewater discharge, forming electroplating wastewater. Due to the high toxicity, recalcitrant nature, and bioaccumulation of heavy metal ions, direct discharge without effective treatment will cause serious harm to soil, groundwater, and human health. Traditional electroplating wastewater treatment technologies generally suffer from low treatment efficiency, high risk of secondary pollution, and inability to recover precious metal resources. Especially with increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the growing scarcity of precious metal resources, the development of efficient and sustainable heavy metal treatment technologies has become an urgent need for the industry.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for treating electroplating wastewater include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and electrolysis. Chemical precipitation involves adding alkali or sodium sulfide to precipitate heavy metal ions as hydroxides or sulfides, but this requires large amounts of reagents and generates hazardous sludge containing heavy metals. Ion exchange can achieve selective adsorption of heavy metals, but the resin regeneration process produces high-salt wastewater, resulting in high operating costs. While membrane separation technology can efficiently retain heavy metal ions, flux decline due to membrane fouling and frequent chemical cleaning limit its large-scale application. In contrast, electrolysis, which uses an external electric field to drive the directional deposition of heavy metal ions on the cathode surface, offers the dual advantages of pollutant removal and metal resource recovery, making it a current hot research and application area.

[0004] For example, the invention patent with publication number CN101717134A discloses a method for electrolytically treating zinc-containing electroplating wastewater and recovering zinc. Its background section explains the defects or problems of other treatment methods, thus employing electrolysis to recover heavy metal ions. However, electrolysis also has technical drawbacks. The core problem with electrolysis is that the continuously deposited metal layer on the cathode surface gradually passivates the electrode, leading to a decrease in current efficiency and a surge in energy consumption. To alleviate passivation, aeration is often used in industry to assist the electrolysis process. This involves introducing compressed air into the electrolytic cell, using bubble agitation to flush the cathode surface and inhibit the densification of the deposited layer.

[0005] However, the aeration method has significant drawbacks in practical applications: on the one hand, bubble flushing can only delay passivation but cannot completely prevent it, still requiring periodic shutdowns for manual cleaning of the cathode rods, severely limiting continuous production capacity; on the other hand, aeration disturbance causes some deposited metal particles to be resuspended in the wastewater, forming suspended sludge containing heavy metals, requiring additional sedimentation tanks, centrifuges, and other subsequent solid-liquid separation facilities, which not only increases equipment investment and land area but also poses a risk of secondary pollution due to improper sludge disposal. Furthermore, the aeration process exacerbates electrolyte turbulence, potentially causing heavy metal ions to migrate to non-target areas, reducing the purity of recovered metals.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the above technologies to meet the requirements for efficient recovery of heavy metal ions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing electrolysis technologies such as uncontrollable cathode passivation, high risk of secondary pollution from suspended sludge, insufficient purity of recovered metals, and reliance on multi-stage separation facilities, this application provides a heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater.

[0008] This application provides a heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater includes an electrolytic cell, an anode rod and a cathode rod disposed within the electrolytic cell. The cathode rod is covered by an isolation cover, and a connecting groove is formed along the length of the cathode rod outside the isolation cover. Multiple connecting grooves are spaced apart along the circumference of the cathode rod. An annular mounting seat is slidably installed outside the isolation cover. A lifting mechanism is provided on the electrolytic cell for raising and lowering the mounting seat. Multiple sets of cleaning mechanisms are provided in the mounting seat corresponding to each of the connecting grooves to remove the precipitates generated on the cathode rod.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, this application, through the placement of the cathode rod within an isolation cover with multiple circumferentially spaced connecting grooves, and the sliding installation of an annular mounting base with a lifting mechanism outside the isolation cover, enables the cleaning mechanism within the mounting base to dynamically clean the deposits along the length of the cathode rod. The connecting groove design of the isolation cover allows for full contact between the electroplating wastewater and the cathode rod, while also confining the deposits within the groove area by limiting the fluid diffusion path, effectively preventing the disorderly diffusion of metal particles within the electrolytic cell. The lifting movement of the mounting base, in conjunction with the cleaning mechanism, can continuously strip deposits from the cathode surface during electrolysis, avoiding the efficiency loss caused by shutdown cleaning in traditional aeration methods, while reducing the risk of secondary pollution from suspended sludge, and achieving continuous and efficient recovery of heavy metal ions.

[0011] Optionally, the cleaning mechanism includes a flushing assembly for removing precipitates attached to the cathode rods in the corresponding connecting channel, a suction assembly for suctioning the precipitates that have been flushed and diffused in the connecting channel, a pressure regulating piston for alternating operation of the flushing assembly and the suction assembly, a reciprocating motion assembly for driving the pressure regulating piston to reciprocate, a linkage assembly for driving the reciprocating motion assembly to move via the lifting mechanism, and a filtration assembly for separating the solution and precipitates suctioned by the suction assembly and using the separated solution as the flushing liquid for the flushing assembly.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the cleaning mechanism achieves integrated operation of sediment removal and collection through the alternating work of the flushing and suction components, driven by the air pressure regulating piston and the reciprocating motion component. The flushing component sprays high-pressure fluid to break up and flush away the deposits attached to the cathode surface, while the suction component simultaneously draws the liquid containing particles into the filtration component for solid-liquid separation. The separated clear liquid is then reused in the flushing process. This design converts the vertical motion of the lifting mechanism into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the piston through a linkage component, ensuring a precise match between the cleaning action and the cathode rod cleaning requirements. It completes the self-cleaning cycle without the need for an external power source, significantly improving the system's automation level and reducing energy consumption and the frequency of manual intervention.

[0013] Optionally, the flushing assembly includes a nozzle and a flushing chamber. The flushing chamber is disposed within the mounting base. The nozzle extends out of the mounting base and into the corresponding communicating groove, facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod and communicating with the flushing chamber. A one-way valve is installed on both the inlet and outlet of the flushing chamber. The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with that of the nozzle. The suction assembly is spaced apart from the flushing assembly. The flushing chamber is connected to the suction assembly through the filter assembly.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the flushing assembly uses a nozzle structure that communicates with the flushing chamber inside the mounting base. This allows high-pressure fluid to be directionally sprayed onto the cathode rod surface through the nozzle, precisely covering the connecting groove area and preventing disorderly splashing of electrolyte. The sealed design of the flushing chamber confines the sprayed fluid within a limited space, enhancing the local impact force while reducing mutual interference with the main electrolysis reaction zone. The nozzle's insertion into the connecting groove further enhances the fluid's stripping effect on deposits, ensuring continuous recovery of cathode surface activity and maintaining stable electrolysis efficiency.

[0015] Optionally, the suction assembly includes a suction tube and a suction chamber. The suction chamber is disposed within the mounting base. The suction tube extends out of the mounting base and into the corresponding communicating groove, facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod and communicating with the suction chamber. A one-way valve is installed on both the inlet and outlet of the suction chamber. The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the suction direction of the suction tube. The suction chamber is connected to the flushing chamber through the filter assembly. The two ends of the air pressure regulating piston are slidably and sealingly inserted into the suction chamber and the flushing chamber, respectively.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the suction pipe of the suction assembly is connected to the suction chamber. The reciprocating motion of the pressure regulating piston generates negative pressure, rapidly drawing the flushed liquid containing sediment into the suction chamber. The suction pipe's orientation against the cathode rod's peripheral wall enables efficient capture of suspended particles, preventing particle retention in the tank. The suction chamber and flushing chamber are connected by a filter assembly, forming a closed-loop fluid circuit. This allows the separated clarified liquid to be recycled for flushing operations, reducing the consumption of fresh water. The dual-chamber sliding seal design of the pressure regulating piston achieves dynamic balance between suction and flushing pressures, ensuring the stability of the two components working together.

[0017] Optionally, the reciprocating motion assembly includes a rotating shaft, a dial, and positioning pins. A clearance groove is provided through the pneumatic pressure regulating piston. The rotating shaft passes through the clearance groove and is rotatably mounted in the mounting base. The dial is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft. Two positioning pins are provided, symmetrically arranged at both ends of the clearance groove. The edge of the dial is provided with multiple protrusions at intervals. When the dial rotates, it can push the two positioning pins to move in opposite directions.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the reciprocating motion component drives the positioning pin to reciprocate within the clearance groove through the rotation of the rotating shaft and the actuating disk, converting the rotational motion into the linear motion of the pneumatic regulating piston. Multiple protrusions on the edge of the actuating disk, in conjunction with the positioning pin, form a mechanical reversing structure. Its symmetrical layout ensures consistent stroke in both directions of the piston, preventing unilateral wear. This purely mechanical transmission solution achieves stable reciprocating motion without the need for electronic control components, making it particularly suitable for the high humidity and highly corrosive environment of electrolytic cells, significantly improving system reliability and service life.

[0019] Optionally, the linkage assembly includes a gear coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft and a rack fixed to the outer wall of the isolation cover. The length direction of the rack is consistent with the extension direction of the clearance groove, and the gear and the rack mesh with each other.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the linkage component converts the lifting motion of the mounting base into the rotational motion of the shaft through the meshing of gears and racks, ensuring that the reciprocating frequency of the cleaning structure is strictly synchronized with the lifting speed. The gear and rack meshing structure features both high transmission accuracy and strong resistance to lateral forces, preventing jamming or slippage caused by load fluctuations during operation. The rack is fixed along the outer wall of the isolation cover, further simplifying the spatial layout of the transmission chain and ensuring the overall compactness of the equipment, making it suitable for confined or complex working conditions.

[0021] Optionally, the filter assembly includes two connecting pipes for connecting the flushing chamber and the suction chamber, a filter chamber disposed between the two connecting pipes, and a filter plate disposed in the filter chamber. The filter chamber is detachably installed between the two connecting pipes and connects the two connecting pipes.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the filter assembly uses a detachable filter chamber structure, which is connected to the flushing chamber and the suction chamber through two connecting pipes, respectively, allowing the liquid containing precipitates to flow through the filter plates to achieve solid-liquid separation. The modular design of the filter chamber allows for quick disassembly, replacement, or cleaning of the filter plates, solving the problems of easy clogging and difficult maintenance of traditional built-in filters. The separated clear liquid is directly reinjected into the flushing chamber for reuse, forming a self-sufficient fluid circulation system, reducing reliance on external water treatment units, and preventing filtered particles from re-entering the electrolytic cell and contaminating the cathode surface.

[0023] Optionally, the lifting mechanism includes a drive unit installed on the top of the electrolytic cell and a bidirectional lead screw coaxially fixed to the output end of the drive unit. The mounting base has a through hole for the bidirectional lead screw to pass through. A ball bearing is movably arranged between the bidirectional lead screw and the side wall of the through hole. A guide rod is also provided on the top of the electrolytic cell. A limiting hole is provided on the mounting base corresponding to the guide rod. The guide rod passes through the limiting hole and is adapted to the limiting hole.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting mechanism drives the mounting base to rise and fall smoothly through the cooperation of a bidirectional lead screw and ball bearings. The threaded design of the bidirectional lead screw allows for precise control of the lifting stroke, adapting to cleaning needs with different cathode rod lengths or deposition thicknesses. The constraint effect of the guide rod and the limiting hole eliminates the risk of deflection of the mounting base during movement, ensuring that the cleaning mechanism always remains aligned with the cathode rod axis. The output end of the drive unit is directly connected to the bidirectional lead screw, simplifying the transmission structure and reducing energy loss, enabling the equipment to maintain high efficiency and positioning accuracy even under frequent start-stop conditions.

[0025] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0026] This invention, through a multi-structure collaborative design, completely solves the problems of cathode passivation, particle diffusion, and secondary pollution in traditional electrolysis methods. First, the isolation cover surrounding the cathode rod has multiple circumferentially spaced connecting grooves along its length. This design strictly confines the electrolysis reaction within the connecting grooves, allowing heavy metal ions to migrate directionally only within the grooves and deposit on the cathode surface. Compared to traditional open electrolysis cells, the physical barrier of the isolation cover effectively blocks the interference of anode by-reaction products on cathode deposition. At the same time, it confines the washed-off metal particles within the connecting grooves, preventing the particles from spreading disorderly with the electrolyte. In addition, the annular mounting base slidably installed outside the isolation cover is driven by a lifting mechanism, which drives the cleaning mechanism to move periodically along the cathode rod axis, realizing dynamic cleaning of deposits without the need for machine shutdown.

[0027] This invention further achieves self-driven precise control of the cleaning mechanism through mechanical linkage. The flushing and suction components in the mounting base are linked by a pneumatically regulated piston. The reciprocating motion of the piston is driven by a purely mechanical reversing mechanism consisting of a rotating shaft, a dial plate, and a positioning column. When the lifting mechanism moves the mounting base, the meshing of gears and racks converts linear motion into rotation of the rotating shaft. The protrusions on the edge of the dial plate alternately push the positioning column, forcing the piston to quickly reverse direction in the horizontal direction. This mechanical timing control scheme does not require electronic control components, completely avoiding the failure risk of traditional electronic control systems in highly corrosive environments. At the same time, it ensures that the flushing and suction actions are strictly synchronized, avoiding residue or over-flushing problems caused by action delays. The two ends of the piston are inserted into the flushing chamber and the suction chamber respectively. The flushing pressure and suction negative pressure are dynamically adjusted through the pressure difference between the two chambers to adapt to different deposition thicknesses, achieving significant energy savings compared to the traditional fixed pressure mode.

[0028] The nozzle and suction pipe alternating working mechanism designed in this application effectively avoids the interference of high-pressure jet water flow on the negative pressure suction flow field during synchronous operation through physical time sequence isolation. This ensures that the water kinetic energy during the flushing stage is fully applied to destroy the deposited structure, and the negative pressure potential energy during the suction stage fully realizes the efficient removal of loose particles, significantly improving the deposition stripping efficiency. At the same time, this timing design avoids the risk of large particles being carried by the jet water flow and clogging the suction pipe during synchronous operation, and utilizes the water hammer effect during the flushing stage to form a self-cleaning effect, greatly extending the operating cycle of the filter components. This ensures high removal rate while achieving continuous and stable operation with low clogging and low energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure inside the electrolytic cell;

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial internal structure diagram of the mounting base;

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at the central isolation enclosure;

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism;

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cleaning mechanism.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1. Electrolytic cell; 11. Anode rod; 12. Cathode rod; 2. Isolation cover; 21. Connecting groove; 3. Mounting base; 31. Pressure regulating piston; 311. Clearance groove; 4. Lifting mechanism; 41. Driving component; 42. Bidirectional lead screw; 43. Guide rod; 5. Flushing assembly; 51. Nozzle; 52. Flushing chamber; 6. Suction assembly; 61. Suction pipe; 62. Suction chamber; 7. Reciprocating motion assembly; 71. Rotating shaft; 72. Actuating disc; 721. Protrusion; 73. Positioning column; 8. Linkage assembly; 81. Gear; 82. Rack; 9. Filter assembly; 91. Connecting pipe; 92. Filter plate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-6 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0038] This application discloses a heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater includes an electrolytic cell 1, an anode rod 11 and a cathode rod 12 disposed within the electrolytic cell 1, a diaphragm disposed between the anode rod 11 and the cathode rod 12, an isolation cover 2 covering the cathode rod 12, a connecting groove 21 being formed outside the isolation cover 2 along the length of the cathode rod 12, and multiple connecting grooves 21 being spaced apart along the circumference of the cathode rod 12, an annular mounting seat 3 being slidably mounted outside the isolation cover 2, a lifting mechanism 4 being provided on the electrolytic cell 1 for driving the mounting seat 3 to rise and fall, and multiple sets of cleaning mechanisms being provided in the mounting seat 3 corresponding to each connecting groove 21 for removing the precipitates generated on the cathode rod 12.

[0040] This solution involves fitting the cathode rod 12 within an isolation cover 2, which has multiple circumferentially spaced connecting grooves 21. An annular mounting base 3 with a lifting mechanism 4 is slidably installed outside the isolation cover 2, allowing the cleaning mechanism within the mounting base 3 to dynamically clean the deposits along the length of the cathode rod 12. The connecting grooves 21 of the isolation cover 2 are designed to allow sufficient contact between the electroplating wastewater and the cathode rod 12, while also confining the deposits within the groove area by limiting the fluid diffusion path, effectively preventing the disorderly diffusion of metal particles within the electrolytic cell 1. The lifting movement of the mounting base 3, in conjunction with the cleaning mechanism, continuously strips deposits from the cathode surface during electrolysis, avoiding the efficiency loss caused by shutdown cleaning in traditional aeration methods, while also reducing the risk of secondary pollution from suspended sludge, achieving continuous and efficient recovery of heavy metal ions.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The lifting mechanism 4 includes a drive component 41 installed on the top of the electrolytic cell 1 and a bidirectional lead screw 42 coaxially fixed to the output end of the drive component 41. The drive component 41 is a geared motor. The mounting base 3 has a through hole for the bidirectional lead screw 42 to pass through. A ball bearing is movably arranged between the bidirectional lead screw 42 and the side wall of the through hole. The top of the electrolytic cell 1 is also provided with a guide rod 43. The mounting base 3 has a limit hole corresponding to the guide rod 43. The guide rod 43 passes through the limit hole and is adapted to the limit hole.

[0042] The lifting mechanism 4 drives the mounting base 3 to rise and fall smoothly through the cooperation of the bidirectional lead screw 42 and the ball bearings. The threaded design of the bidirectional lead screw 42 allows for precise control of the lifting stroke, adapting to cleaning requirements with different cathode rod 12 lengths or deposition thicknesses. The constraint effect of the guide rod 43 and the limiting hole eliminates the risk of deflection of the mounting base 3 during movement, ensuring that the cleaning mechanism always remains aligned with the axis of the cathode rod 12. The output end of the drive component 41 is directly connected to the bidirectional lead screw 42, simplifying the transmission structure and reducing energy loss, enabling the equipment to maintain high efficiency and positioning accuracy even under frequent start-stop conditions.

[0043] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The cleaning mechanism includes a flushing assembly 5 for removing precipitates attached to the cathode rod 12 in the corresponding connecting groove 21, a suction assembly 6 for suctioning the precipitates that have been flushed and diffused in the connecting groove 21, a pressure regulating piston 31 for alternating operation of the flushing assembly 5 and the suction assembly 6, a reciprocating motion assembly 7 for driving the pressure regulating piston 31 to reciprocate, a linkage assembly 8 for driving the reciprocating motion assembly 7 to move via the lifting mechanism 4, and a filter assembly 9 for separating the solution and precipitates suctioned by the suction assembly 6 and using the separated solution as the flushing liquid of the flushing assembly 5.

[0044] The cleaning mechanism, through the alternating operation of the flushing component 5 and the suction component 6, driven by the air pressure regulating piston 31 and the reciprocating motion component 7, achieves integrated operation of sediment removal and collection. The flushing component 5 sprays high-pressure fluid to break up and flush away the deposits attached to the cathode surface, while the suction component 6 simultaneously draws the liquid containing particles into the filtration component 9 for solid-liquid separation. The separated clear liquid is reused in the flushing process. This design, through the linkage component 8, converts the vertical movement of the lifting mechanism 4 into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the piston, ensuring precise matching between the cleaning action and the cleaning requirements of the cathode rod 12. It completes the self-cleaning cycle without the need for an external power source, significantly improving the system's automation level and reducing energy consumption and the frequency of manual intervention.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The flushing assembly 5 includes a nozzle 51 and a flushing chamber 52. The flushing chamber 52 is located inside the mounting base 3. The nozzle 51 extends out of the mounting base 3 and into the corresponding connecting groove 21, facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod 12 and communicating with the flushing chamber 52. One-way valves are installed on the inlet and outlet of the flushing chamber 52. The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with that of the nozzle 51. The suction assembly 6 is arranged at intervals with the flushing assembly 5. The flushing chamber 52 is connected to the suction assembly 6 through the filter assembly 9.

[0046] The flushing assembly 5 employs a nozzle 51 structure that communicates with the flushing chamber 52 within the mounting base 3. This allows high-pressure fluid to be directionally sprayed onto the surface of the cathode rod 12 through the nozzle 51, precisely covering the area of ​​the connecting groove 21 and preventing disorderly splashing of the electrolyte. The sealed design of the flushing chamber 52 confines the sprayed fluid within a limited space, enhancing the local impact force while reducing mutual interference with the main electrolysis reaction zone. The placement of the nozzle 51 extending into the connecting groove 21 further enhances the fluid's stripping effect on deposits, ensuring continuous recovery of cathode surface activity and maintaining stable electrolysis efficiency.

[0047] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The suction assembly 6 includes a suction pipe 61 and a suction chamber 62. The suction chamber 62 is located inside the mounting base 3. The suction pipe 61 extends out of the mounting base 3 and into the corresponding connecting groove 21, facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod 12 and communicating with the suction chamber 62. One-way valves are installed on the inlet and outlet of the suction chamber 62. The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the suction direction of the suction pipe 61. The suction chamber 62 is connected to the flushing chamber 52 through the filter assembly 9. The two ends of the air pressure regulating piston 31 are slidably and sealedly inserted into the suction chamber 62 and the flushing chamber 52, respectively.

[0048] The suction pipe 61 of the suction assembly 6 is connected to the suction chamber 62. The reciprocating motion of the pressure regulating piston 31 generates negative pressure, rapidly drawing the flushed liquid containing sediment into the suction chamber 62. The suction pipe 61's orientation against the peripheral wall of the cathode rod 12 enables efficient capture of suspended particles, preventing particle retention in the tank. The suction chamber 62 and the flushing chamber 52 are connected by the filter assembly 9, forming a closed-loop fluid circuit. This allows the separated clarified liquid to be recycled for flushing operations, reducing the consumption of fresh water. The dual-chamber sliding seal design of the pressure regulating piston 31 achieves dynamic balance between suction and flushing pressures, ensuring the stability of the two assemblies working together.

[0049] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The reciprocating motion assembly 7 includes a rotating shaft 71, a dial 72, and positioning pins 73. A clearance groove 311 is provided through the pneumatic regulating piston 31. The rotating shaft 71 passes through the clearance groove 311 and is rotatably mounted in the mounting base 3. The dial 72 is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft 71. There are two positioning pins 73, which are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the clearance groove 311. The edge of the dial 72 is provided with multiple protrusions 721 at intervals. When the dial 72 rotates, it can push the two positioning pins 73 to move in opposite directions.

[0050] The reciprocating motion assembly 7, driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft 71 and the actuating disk 72, moves the positioning pin 73 back and forth within the clearance groove 311, converting the rotational motion into the linear motion of the pneumatic regulating piston 31. Multiple protrusions 721 on the edge of the actuating disk 72, in conjunction with the positioning pin 73, form a mechanical reversing structure. Their symmetrical layout ensures consistent stroke in both directions of the piston, preventing wear on one side. This purely mechanical transmission scheme achieves stable reciprocating motion without the need for electronic control components, making it particularly suitable for the high humidity and highly corrosive environment within the electrolytic cell 1, significantly improving system reliability and service life.

[0051] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The linkage component 8 includes a gear 81 coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft 71 and a rack 82 fixed to the outer wall of the isolation cover 2. The length direction of the rack 82 is consistent with the extension direction of the clearance groove 311, and the gear 81 and rack 82 mesh with each other. The gear 81 and rack 82 meshing structure has the characteristics of high transmission accuracy and strong resistance to lateral forces, avoiding jamming or slippage caused by load fluctuations during movement. The rack 82 is fixed along the outer wall of the isolation cover 2, which further simplifies the spatial layout of the transmission chain, ensures the overall compactness of the equipment, and is suitable for narrow or complex working conditions.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 Figure 3 Figure 5 Figure 6The filter assembly 9 includes two connecting pipes 91 that connect the flushing chamber 52 and the suction chamber 62, a filter chamber located between the two connecting pipes 91, and a filter plate 92 located within the filter chamber. The filter plate 92 is double-layered, with an upper 100μm stainless steel mesh to intercept coarse particles and a lower 5μm PTFE membrane for fine filtration. The filter chamber is detachably installed between the two connecting pipes 91, connecting the two connecting pipes 91. The modular design of the filter chamber allows for quick disassembly, replacement, or cleaning of the filter plate, solving the problems of easy clogging and difficult maintenance of traditional built-in filters. The separated clarified liquid is directly reinjected into the flushing chamber 52 for reuse, forming a self-sufficient fluid circulation system, reducing reliance on external water treatment units, and preventing filtered particles from re-entering the electrolytic cell 1 and contaminating the cathode surface.

[0053] The implementation principle of the electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment device in this application embodiment is as follows: When the drive component 41 is started, the bidirectional lead screw 42 drives the mounting base 3 to descend at a constant speed along the axial direction of the cathode rod 12. The gear 81 on the outside of the mounting base 3 meshes with the rack 82 fixed on the isolation cover 2, forcing the rotating shaft 71 to rotate. The actuating disk 72 on the rotating shaft 71 pushes the positioning column 73 alternately through multiple protrusions 721 on the edge, so that the air pressure regulating piston 31 reciprocates in the horizontal direction.

[0054] When the pressure regulating piston 31 is pushed into the flushing chamber 52, the pre-stored filtered liquid in the flushing chamber 52 is sprayed through the nozzle 51 at a certain pressure to flush the surface of the cathode rod 12, causing the precipitate on the surface of the cathode rod 12 to be stripped off. At this time, the suction chamber 62 generates negative pressure due to the reverse movement of the piston, and the mixture of precipitate and solution is sucked into the chamber through the suction pipe 61. The mixture enters the detachable filter chamber through the connecting pipe 91. The filter plate 92 intercepts the precipitate. The filtered liquid flows back to the flushing chamber 52 to replenish the consumption. At this time, the pressure regulating piston 31 moves away from the suction chamber 62, so that the stripped precipitate mixture is sucked into the suction chamber 62.

[0055] When the air pressure regulating piston 31 is pushed into the suction chamber 62, the precipitate mixture sucked into the suction chamber 62 is pressed into the filter chamber through the connecting pipe 91. After passing through the filter plate 92, solid-liquid separation is performed, so that the precipitate is trapped on the filter plate 92, while the solution enters the flushing chamber 52, waiting to be flushed on the cathode rod 12 next time. This process is repeated to achieve continuous peeling of the precipitate on the surface of the cathode rod 12.

[0056] When the mounting base 3 descends to the bottom of the cathode rod 12, the driving component 41 reverses and drives the mounting base 3 to rise, thereby achieving the reciprocating removal of the deposits on the surface of the cathode rod 12. Throughout the process, the electrolytic cell 1 is continuously energized, and metal ions on the surface of the cathode rod 12 are continuously deposited and periodically removed, realizing continuous electrolytic deposition and dynamic recovery of heavy metal ions.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar words used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. The terms "a" or "an," and similar words do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising," "including," and similar words mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0058] The above are all optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A heavy metal ion treatment device for electroplating wastewater, comprising an electrolytic cell (1), an anode rod (11) and a cathode rod (12) disposed within the electrolytic cell (1), characterized in that: The cathode rod (12) is covered with an isolation cover (2). A connecting groove (21) is provided on the outer side of the isolation cover (2) along the length direction of the cathode rod (12). Multiple connecting grooves (21) are provided at intervals along the circumference of the cathode rod (12). An annular mounting seat (3) is slidably installed on the outer side of the isolation cover (2). The electrolytic cell (1) is provided with a lifting mechanism (4) for driving the mounting seat (3) to rise and fall. Multiple sets of cleaning mechanisms for removing the precipitates generated on the cathode rod (12) are provided in the mounting seat (3) corresponding to each connecting groove (21). The cleaning mechanism includes a flushing assembly (5) for removing precipitates attached to the cathode rod (12) in the corresponding connecting groove (21), a suction assembly (6) for suctioning the precipitates that have been flushed and diffused in the connecting groove (21), a pressure regulating piston (31) for alternating operation of the flushing assembly (5) and the suction assembly (6), a reciprocating motion assembly (7) for driving the pressure regulating piston (31) to reciprocate, a linkage assembly (8) for driving the reciprocating motion assembly (7) to move through the lifting mechanism (4), and a filter assembly (9) for separating the solution and precipitates suctioned by the suction assembly (6) and using the separated solution as the flushing liquid of the flushing assembly (5). The reciprocating motion assembly (7) includes a rotating shaft (71), a dial (72), and positioning pins (73). A clearance groove (311) is provided through the pneumatic regulating piston (31). The rotating shaft (71) passes through the clearance groove (311) and is rotatably installed in the mounting base (3). The dial (72) is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft (71). There are two positioning pins (73), which are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the clearance groove (311). The edge of the dial (72) is provided with multiple protrusions (721) at intervals. When the dial (72) rotates, the dial (72) can push the two positioning pins (73) to move in opposite directions respectively.

2. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flushing assembly (5) includes a nozzle (51) and a flushing chamber (52). The flushing chamber (52) is disposed in the mounting base (3). The nozzle (51) extends out of the mounting base (3) and into the corresponding connecting groove (21), facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod (12) and communicating with the flushing chamber (52). A one-way valve is installed on the inlet and outlet of the flushing chamber (52). The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with that of the nozzle (51). The suction assembly (6) is disposed at intervals with the flushing assembly (5). The flushing chamber (52) is connected to the suction assembly (6) through the filter assembly (9).

3. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The suction assembly (6) includes a suction pipe (61) and a suction chamber (62). The suction chamber (62) is located inside the mounting base (3). The suction pipe (61) extends out of the mounting base (3) and into the corresponding connecting groove (21), facing the peripheral wall of the cathode rod (12) and communicating with the suction chamber (62). One-way valves are installed on the inlet and outlet of the suction chamber (62). The one-way flow direction of the one-way valve is consistent with the suction direction of the suction pipe (61). The suction chamber (62) is connected to the flushing chamber (52) through the filter assembly (9). The two ends of the air pressure regulating piston (31) are slidably and sealedly inserted into the suction chamber (62) and the flushing chamber (52) respectively.

4. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage assembly (8) includes a gear (81) coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft (71) and a rack (82) fixed to the outer wall of the isolation cover (2). The length direction of the rack (82) is consistent with the extension direction of the clearance groove (311), and the gear (81) and the rack (82) mesh with each other.

5. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter assembly (9) includes two connecting pipes (91) for connecting the flushing chamber (52) and the suction chamber (62), a filter chamber disposed between the two connecting pipes (91), and a filter plate (92) disposed in the filter chamber. The filter chamber is detachably installed between the two connecting pipes (91) and connects the two connecting pipes (91).

6. The electroplating wastewater heavy metal ion treatment equipment according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (4) includes a drive unit (41) installed on the top of the electrolytic cell (1) and a bidirectional lead screw (42) coaxially fixed on the output end of the drive unit (41). The mounting base (3) has a through hole for the bidirectional lead screw (42) to pass through. A ball bearing is movably arranged between the bidirectional lead screw (42) and the side wall of the through hole. The top of the electrolytic cell (1) is also provided with a guide rod (43). The mounting base (3) has a limiting hole corresponding to the guide rod (43). The guide rod (43) passes through the limiting hole and is adapted to the limiting hole.

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