In-situ well pouring device and pouring method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a well pouring device and a pouring method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of well construction. The problems of concrete segregation, well wall cracking and uneven covering caused by material mutation, flow state instability, temperature stress concentration and insufficient track coverage in traditional well pouring are solved. The pouring method comprises the following steps: dividing the well depth into a shallow layer area and a deep layer area, dynamically adjusting the concrete components for the shallow layer area and the deep layer area; calculating the critical Reynolds number in real time; dynamically adjusting the pouring flow rate, so that the actual Reynolds number satisfies 0.85Re c ≤Re≤1.15Re c ; applying mechanical vibration to the deep layer area; monitoring the well wall temperature gradient ΔT in real time, and starting gradient curing when ΔT>15℃: spraying cooling water in the high-temperature area, covering the heat preservation film in the low-temperature area and injecting hot air; taking the well shaft axis as the reference, controlling the pouring guide pipe to move along the spiral track, and radially contracting 5-8 mm after completing one spiral pouring. The application is used for improving the construction quality of deep well pouring.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of well construction. More particularly, the present application relates to a well pouring device and a pouring method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In deep well concrete pouring construction, the traditional method of well pouring construction has the following inherent defects:

[0003] Material performance mutation: single concrete proportioning is used throughout the well depth, without considering the differences in geological environment (such as pressure, temperature gradient) between shallow and deep layers, resulting in a sharp change in material performance near 20 meters in depth, causing concrete segregation and interface cracks in the transition zone;

[0004] Flow state instability: constant flow rate pumping is used during pouring, and in the deep layer region, the Reynolds number far exceeds the critical value (usually more than 1.3 times), forming turbulent flow that aggravates aggregate separation and reduces density;

[0005] Temperature stress concentration: well wall temperature difference depends only on natural heat dissipation or surface watering, and internal temperature gradient cannot be accurately controlled, when the temperature difference between the well cylinder and the upper and lower parts exceeds 25℃, the shrinkage stress is concentrated in the weak part of the well wall to form cracks;

[0006] Insufficient trajectory coverage: the pouring guide pipe moves along a straight line in a reciprocating manner, and the coverage rate for irregular well walls (such as protrusions and corners) is less than 70%, forming cavities or weak bonding areas.

[0007] The root cause of the problem lies in the lack of depth self-adaptive mechanism in the traditional method: material proportioning, flow rate control, and temperature management are all statically set, and cannot respond to dynamic environmental parameters (such as increased ground pressure, lithology change, and temperature accumulation) caused by changes in well depth. In the past, attempts to improve have simply increased the vibration frequency, which aggravates segregation in the shallow layer, while expanding the material proportioning range easily causes interface strength mutation, and a multi-parameter collaborative control mechanism linked to well depth is urgently needed. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application provides a well pouring device and a pouring method thereof.

[0009] An object of the present application is to solve at least the above problems and provide at least the advantages to be described later.

[0010] Another object of the present application is to provide a pouring method of a well pouring device, which solves the problems of concrete segregation, well wall cracking, and uneven coverage caused by material performance mutation, flow state instability, temperature stress concentration, and insufficient trajectory coverage in traditional well pouring. The structural integrity and construction quality of deep well concrete pouring are improved.

[0011] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present application, a well pouring device is provided, which comprises:

[0012] Double-bin mixing system, configured to dynamically adjust the concrete components of the shallow and deep zones;

[0013] Variable frequency concrete pump, connected to the pouring guide pipe, real-time control of pouring flow rate;

[0014] Six-quadrant pressure sensor array, circumferentially arranged at the end of the guide pipe, detects the circumferential contact pressure;

[0015] High-frequency micro-vibration module, installed at the pressure overrun quadrant of the guide pipe, generates pulse vibration perpendicular to the well wall;

[0016] Multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, drives the guide pipe to move along the spiral trajectory and performs radial contraction;

[0017] Distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, real-time monitoring of well wall temperature gradient;

[0018] Rotary jet pouring head, equipped with a laser scanner and a radial jet nozzle;

[0019] Vibration isolation device, arranged on the outer wall of the guide pipe, including an elastic damping unit and a hydraulic locking mechanism;

[0020] Online rheometer, arranged at the pump outlet and the end of the guide pipe, monitors the slump of the concrete;

[0021] Compound compensator injection system, injects compensator into the middle section of the pump pipe;

[0022] Vortex mixer, installed downstream of the injection point, blade inclination angle self-adapting to well pressure adjustment;

[0023] Geological radar scanner, integrated at the front end of the guide pipe, identifies the lithology of the well wall;

[0024] Inflatable sealing ring, deployed behind the rotary jet pouring head, performs dynamic sealing of the well wall.

[0025] The present application also discloses a pouring method of an in-well pouring device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S01, divide the well depth into shallow and deep zones, wherein the region with a well depth H of 0-20 m is divided into a shallow zone, and the region with a well depth H>20 m is divided into a deep zone, and dynamically adjust the concrete components for the shallow and deep zones;

[0027] S02, based on the well depth, calculate the critical Reynolds number Re c =2300×(1+0.02H); dynamically adjust the pouring flow rate v, so that the actual Reynolds number Re satisfies 0.85Re c ≤Re≤1.15Re c; in the deep zone, mechanical vibration is applied synchronously, the vibration frequency f is adaptively adjusted according to f = 200 + 10H, unit: Hz, and the amplitude is constant at 30 ± 5 μm;

[0028] S03, real-time monitoring of the well wall temperature gradient ΔT, when ΔT > 15℃, gradient maintenance is started: in the high temperature area, cooling water is sprayed, the flow rate Q = 0.5ΔT, unit: L / min, in the low temperature area, heat preservation film is covered and 40℃ hot air is injected;

[0029] S04, taking the shaft axis as the reference, the pouring guide pipe is controlled to move along the spiral track, the spiral pitch P is calculated according to P = 0.3D × (1 + 0.01H), wherein D is the well diameter, and after each spiral pouring is completed, the diameter is radially contracted by 5-8 mm.

[0030] Preferably, in step S04, it further includes the step of: performing dynamic obstacle avoidance compensation, specifically including:

[0031] A six-quadrant pressure sensor array is arranged in the circumferential direction at the end of the pouring guide pipe, and the contact pressure values P1-P6 in the circumferential direction of the guide pipe are detected in real time;

[0032] When any quadrant pressure value exceeds the safety threshold F safe , which is set to 3 kN, a three-level response mechanism is triggered:

[0033] First level response: the contraction speed of the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm in this quadrant is reduced to 50% of the standard value, and the contraction amount of the opposite quadrant is increased to 8-10 mm;

[0034] Second level response: if the pressure does not decrease for 2 seconds, a high-frequency micro-vibration module is started to apply pulse vibration perpendicular to the well wall, wherein the amplitude is 200 μm and the frequency is 50 Hz;

[0035] Third level response: if the pressure still exceeds the limit after vibration, the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm is controlled to translate the pouring guide pipe in the direction of the pressure gradient to generate a local spatial curved track that bypasses the obstacle;

[0036] After the obstacle avoidance is completed, the standard spiral path is re-entered according to the compensated contraction amount.

[0037] Preferably, in step S01, a gradient transition layer is arranged at the junction between the shallow zone and the deep zone, the transition layer has a well depth H of 18-20 m, and specifically includes:

[0038] When the pouring depth reaches 18 m, a double-bin mixing system is started, and the material ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the depth increment ΔH:

[0039] When ΔH = 2 m, the nano-aerogel content is linearly decreased from 1.0wt% to 0wt%, and the carbon fiber content is linearly increased from 0vol% to 0.4vol%.

[0040] An interface enhancer is added in the transition layer, and its components are as follows:

[0041] Calcium aluminate type expansive agent, dosage 3-5wt%;

[0042] Polyvinyl alcohol fiber, length 12 mm, dosage 0.15vol%;

[0043] Radial spraying is implemented in the interface area: H=19±0.5m using a rotary spraying pouring head, pressure 0.8-1.2 MPa, coverage radius ≥50 cm.

[0044] Preferably, vibration energy isolation is simultaneously performed when mechanical vibration is simultaneously applied in the deep area:

[0045] A vibration isolation device is arranged at the pouring guide pipe outer wall at well depth H=20±0.5m, which comprises an annular elastic damping unit and a hydraulic locking mechanism;

[0046] When the vibration frequency f in the deep area is greater than 200 Hz, the hydraulic locking mechanism applies a radial pressure of 8 MPa to make the guide pipe and the well wall rigidly contact within 0.1 seconds;

[0047] The locking state is released after the pouring depth exceeds the isolation position by 3m.

[0048] Preferably, pumping process compensation is simultaneously performed during dynamic adjustment of the pouring flow rate, specifically including:

[0049] An online rheometer is installed at the outlet of the concrete pump and the end of the pouring guide pipe to monitor the concrete slump S1, S2 in real time;

[0050] When S2≤0.85S1 is monitored, a compound compensation agent injection system is started to inject a compound compensation agent into the middle section of the pump pipe, and the components and proportions of the compound compensation agent are as follows:

[0051] Polycarboxylic acid water reducer mother liquor: 0.15-0.25% of the mass of cementitious materials;

[0052] Sodium gluconate retarding type plasticizer: 0.03-0.05% of the mass of cementitious materials;

[0053] The injection amount Q of the compound compensation agent is calculated according to the formula Q=K×(S1-S2)×L, where L is the pump pipe length, and K is the material coefficient, which is 0.12 L / mm·km -1 .

[0054] Preferably, the rotary spraying pouring head operation further includes a positioning step, specifically:

[0055] A laser scanner is installed at the front end of the rotary spraying pouring head to scan the well wall to generate a three-dimensional point cloud at a frequency of 100 Hz;

[0056] Compensation jet angle θ is calculated according to point cloud void ratio: θ = arcsin (R / r), wherein R is a design coverage radius 50 cm, and r is a measured non-coverage distance;

[0057] When the contact pressure value of the contact pressure sensor is <0.5 MPa, a supplementary jet cycle is triggered until the pressure is ≥0.8 MPa.

[0058] Preferably, the matching compensation agent injection point is dynamically adjusted according to the well depth:

[0059] When the pouring depth H1 is ≤50 m, the injection point is located at a position 1 / 2 pipe length away from the pump outlet;

[0060] When H1> 50 m, the injection point is moved to a position 1 / 4 pipe length away from the end of the guide pipe;

[0061] A vortex mixer is installed downstream of the injection point, and the blade inclination angle thereof is self-adaptively adjusted according to the well pressure:

[0062] When the well pressure is ≤5 MPa, the inclination angle is 30°;

[0063] When the well pressure is >5 MPa, the inclination angle is increased to 45°.

[0064] Preferably, when mechanical vibration is applied in step S02, a geological adaptive frequency correction is simultaneously performed:

[0065] A geological radar scanner is installed at the front end of the pouring guide pipe to emit electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 50 Hz and receive well wall reflection signals;

[0066] According to the dielectric constant mutation point, the position of the geological boundary is identified, and when a change in lithology is detected, the vibration frequency f is corrected in real time corr The formula is f corr = (200+10H) × Kr, wherein the correction coefficient Kr is matched according to the lithology:

[0067] Hard rock: Kr = 0.8-0.9;

[0068] Soft soil layer: Kr = 1.1-1.2;

[0069] Fault fracture zone: Kr = 0.7;

[0070] A vibration energy monitor is additionally provided, and if the vibration acceleration amplitude exceeds a safety threshold value of 15 g, a frequency rollback mechanism is immediately triggered: f corr Is gradually reduced to 60% of the reference value and maintained for 10 seconds.

[0071] Preferably, before radial jetting of the rotary jet pouring head, a well wall crack sealing operation is performed:

[0072] An inflatable sealing ring is deployed 200 mm behind the rotary jetting head and expands to a gap of ≤1 mm with the well wall within 0.5 seconds through hydraulic drive;

[0073] Sealing pressure P seal Dynamic setting according to well pressure: P seal =max (well pressure + 2 MPa, 5 MPa), maintenance time ≥ jetting duration × 1.2;

[0074] After sealing is completed, an epoxy resin isolation fluid is injected between the sealing area and the rotary jetting head to form an impermeable barrier before starting radial jetting.

[0075] The present application at least includes the following beneficial effects:

[0076] 1. The pouring method of the in-well pouring device of the present application solves the problem of sudden change of material performance caused by single proportioning of full well depth by dynamically adjusting concrete components in depth zones (0-20 m for shallow zone and >20 m for deep zone), reducing the segregation rate in the transition zone from 15% to below 3%. Based on real-time calculation of the critical Reynolds number (Re c =2300×(1+0.02H) in well depth, the actual Reynolds number Re is controlled within 0.85-1.15 times the critical value, so that the concrete is in a transition state of laminar flow / turbulent flow throughout the process, the density is improved by 25%, and the aggregate separation in the deep zone is significantly reduced. Synchronous start of temperature gradient curing (differentiated spraying of cooling water / injection of hot air when ΔT>15℃), the temperature difference of well wall is compressed to within 5℃, and the risk of temperature cracks is eliminated. The helical pouring trajectory (pitch P=0.3D×(1+0.01H)) cooperates with radial contraction of 5-8 mm per turn to form a tapered covering path, and the coverage rate of special-shaped well wall is improved from 70% to 98%, systematically solving the three major problems of segregation, cracks and uneven coverage.

[0077] 2. The pouring method of the in-well pouring device of the present application detects the contact pressure in real time through a six-quadrant pressure sensor array (threshold F safe =3kN), triggering a three-level obstacle avoidance response mechanism: the first level response realizes asymmetric collision avoidance by reducing the obstacle quadrant contraction speed (50%) and increasing the opposite contraction amount (8-10 mm), solving 74% of the slight obstacles; the second level response uses high-frequency micro-vibration (200 μm / 50 Hz) to directionally remove attachments, overcoming 18% of the adhesive deposits; the third level response generates a local obstacle avoidance trajectory along the descending direction of the pressure gradient, avoiding 8% of the rigid protrusions. After obstacle avoidance, it automatically returns to the original helical path with a reset accuracy of ±3 mm (6 times the accuracy of traditional manual reset). This mechanism improves the comprehensive coverage rate to 97% and the pouring efficiency by 2.3 times, especially suitable for complex well walls containing basalt protrusions (30-80 mm).

[0078] 3、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application sets a gradient layer in the shallow-deep transition zone (18-20 m): the double-bin mixing system realizes linear gradient of nano aerogel (1.0 wt% to 0 wt%) and carbon fiber (0 vol% to 0.4 vol%), eliminating the material performance mutation point. Add calcium aluminate expansive agent (3-5 wt%) and PVA fiber (0.15 vol%), the former generates needle-shaped crystals to fill the shrinkage joint, and the latter forms a three-dimensional network to bridge the interface, cooperatively improving the interface shear strength to 3.5 MPa (75% higher than the traditional steel wire mesh interface strength). The rotary jet pouring head sprays radially at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa at H=19±0.5 m, with a coverage radius of ≥50 cm, forming a sawtooth interlocking structure with a depth of ≥18 mm, making the permeability coefficient reach the highest level of waterproof concrete, and completely solving the problem of interface cracks.

[0079] 4、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application sets a vibration isolation device at H=20±0.5 m. When the deep layer vibration frequency f>200 Hz, the hydraulic locking mechanism applies a radial pressure of 8 MPa within 0.1 seconds to make the guide pipe and the well wall rigidly contact. The elastic damping unit (silicone rubber-lead powder composite material) compresses the vibration transmission rate to 2% (15 times higher than the traditional rubber vibration isolation ring). The pouring depth exceeds the isolation position by 3 m, and the locking is automatically released, with an increase in pouring time of <3 minutes. This design blocks the conduction of vibration energy to the shallow layer, reducing the aggregate segregation rate from 12% to 2.1% in the shallow layer, and is compatible with the spiral trajectory accuracy (radial shrinkage error ±3 mm), solving the pain points of interruption of pouring in traditional anchoring or passive vibration isolation failure.

[0080] 5、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application installs an online rheometer at the pump outlet and the end of the guide pipe to monitor the concrete slump S1, S2 in real time; when S2≤0.85S1 is monitored, a compound compensating agent (polycarboxylic acid water reducer 0.15-0.25 wt%+ sodium gluconate plasticizer 0.03-0.05 wt%) is injected into the middle section of the pump pipe, and the injection amount is accurately calculated according to the formula Q=K×(S1-S2)×L. The water reducing agent restores the fluidity, the plasticizer suppresses the secondary loss, and after uniform dispersion by the downstream vortex mixer, the slump loss rate at the bottom of the well is compressed from 35% to 8%. This technology realizes zero pipe blockage under the condition of well depth 80 m and pump pipe 350 m, improves the pouring efficiency by 35%, and solves the problem of dry hardening at the bottom of the well caused by traditional single-point addition at the pump outlet.

[0081] 6、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application, before rotary spraying, a 100Hz laser is used to scan to generate a three-dimensional point cloud of the well wall, a compensation spraying angle is calculated based on a cavity rate, and directional supplementary spraying of a special-shaped area is realized. A contact pressure sensor (threshold value 0.5MPa) triggers a supplementary spraying cycle until the pressure is greater than or equal to 0.8MPa, so as to ensure that the concrete and the well wall are densely bonded. The closed-loop control improves the coverage rate of the special-shaped well wall (basalt protrusion 30-100mm) to 98%, core sampling shows zero hollowing, the interface tensile strength is increased by 40%, and compared with the traditional fixed-angle spraying (coverage rate 65-70%) and manual visual detection (miss rate >30%), there is a qualitative leap.

[0082] 7、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application dynamically adjusts the injection point position in view of uneven distribution of the deep well pumping complexing agent: the injection point is injected in the middle section in the shallow well section (H≤50m), so as to avoid the pump mouth being too thin; the injection point is moved to the position 1 / 4 tube length away from the end in the deep well section (H>50m), so as to shorten the compensation agent travel by 60%. The blade inclination angle of the vortex mixer downstream of the injection point is self-adaptively adjusted according to the well pressure: the 30° inclination angle is used for energy-saving mixing when the pressure is low (≤5MPa), and the inclination angle is increased to 45° to enhance the shearing force when the pressure is high (>5MPa). The design makes the compensation agent distribution uniformity reach 90% (the traditional method <40%) under the condition that the well depth is 120m and the well pressure is 8MPa, the well bottom slump loss rate is reduced to 12%, and the pouring time is shortened from 18 hours to 12 hours.

[0083] 8、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application identifies the lithology based on the dielectric constant mutation by integrating a geological radar (50Hz scanning) at the front end of the pouring guide pipe, and dynamically corrects the vibration frequency. The vibration energy monitor triggers a fuse mechanism when the acceleration is greater than 15g: the frequency is reduced to 60% of the reference value within 1 second and maintained for 10 seconds. The technology avoids resonance in the lithology mutation area (such as the granite-mud interface), resets the vibration damage to zero, and reduces the segregation rate from 18% to 6%, which is significantly improved compared with the traditional fixed frequency formula (resonance accident rate 12%), and the modification only needs to integrate an industrial radar and upgrade the PLC algorithm.

[0084] 9、The pouring method of the well pouring device of the application deploys an inflatable sealing ring 200mm behind the rotary spraying pouring head before rotary spraying, and the hydraulic expansion is less than or equal to 1mm within 0.5 seconds, the sealing pressure P seal =max(well pressure+2MPa, 5MPa). After sealing, the injection of the epoxy resin isolation liquid forms an impermeable barrier to block the reverse flow of fissure mud. The process reduces the mud pollution rate of the basalt fissure well wall from 100% to 0.1%, the effective bonding rate of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reaches 99.3%, and the strength loss of ettringite expansion agent is less than 3% (the traditional manual plugging loss is 52%). The single-point processing time is only 4 minutes (the traditional processing time is 30 minutes), and the material cost is reduced to 220 yuan / m (the traditional cost is 800 yuan / m).

[0085] 10、The well pouring device of the application integrates 12 industrial standard modules: a double-bin system realizes dynamic gradual change of concrete components; a geological radar and a vibrator are linked to avoid resonance; a six-quadrant pressure sensor triggers intelligent obstacle avoidance; an inflatable sealing ring + epoxy resin injection can radically solve mud pollution. The modules are cooperatively controlled by Siemens PLC, and in the application of a 120m deep well in Bohai Oilfield: the material interface crack rate is zero, the bottom separation rate is reduced from 22% to 3%, and the pouring time is reduced from 18 hours to 10 hours. Compared with the traditional customized system (quoted price > 3 million yuan), the transformation cost is only 720,000 yuan, and the reuse rate is > 80% (such as the grouting pump which has the functions of compensation agent and resin injection).

[0086] Other advantages, objects, and features of the application will be apparent from the following description, and will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The true scope of the application should be determined by reference to the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] The application will be further described in detail below so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description.

[0088] It should be understood that the terms such as "have", "contain" and "include" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0089] The application provides a well pouring device, comprising: a double-bin mixing system configured to dynamically adjust the concrete components of the shallow and deep layers; a variable frequency concrete pump connected to the pouring conduit to real-time control the pouring flow rate; a six-quadrant pressure sensor array arranged circumferentially at the end of the conduit to detect the circumferential contact pressure; a high-frequency micro-vibration module installed at the pressure overrun quadrant of the conduit to generate pulse vibration perpendicular to the well wall; a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm to drive the conduit to move along a spiral trajectory and perform radial contraction; a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor to real-time monitor the well wall temperature gradient; a rotary jet pouring head configured with a laser scanner and a radial jet nozzle; a vibration isolation device arranged on the outer wall of the conduit, comprising an elastic damping unit and a hydraulic locking mechanism; an online rheometer arranged at the pump outlet and the end of the conduit to monitor the concrete slump; a compounded compensation agent injection system to inject compensation agent into the middle section of the pump pipe; a vortex mixer installed downstream of the injection point, with the blade inclination angle being self-adaptive to well pressure adjustment; a geological radar scanner integrated at the front end of the conduit to identify the well wall lithology; and an inflatable sealing ring deployed behind the rotary jet pouring head to perform dynamic sealing of the well wall.

[0090] In the above technical solution, the traditional well pouring device has single function and cannot simultaneously realize the core requirements of dynamic adjustment of concrete components, geological self-adaptive vibration, and crack sealing, resulting in frequent segregation, cracks, and pollution. Through the cooperative transformation of 12 industrial standard modules, a full-process intelligent pouring system is constructed.

[0091] Key equipment and modification:

[0092] 1. Double-bin mixing system: Basic equipment: Liebherr H TT 104-3.5 shallow bin + Sany SY308C-10 deep bin (conventional commercial mixing station equipment). Modification: Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 controller is installed at the bin outlet to dynamically adjust the discharge ratio according to the well depth signal.

[0093] 2. Geological-vibration coordination module: Basic equipment: American GSSI SIR-4000 geological radar (conventional engineering detection device) + Mismi EZS6-20 vibrator (standard industrial vibration component). Modification: The radar scanning head is reduced by 5% after turning and is welded to the side wall of the guide pipe (30 cm from the end); the vibrator is rigidly connected with the radar mounting position through a stainless steel clamp to realize the same image limiting position.

[0094] 3. Well wall sealing-rotary jetting assembly: Basic equipment: Trelleborg CRG-80 sealing ring (standard pipe plugging component) + Xugong XGH-120 rotary jetting pouring head (high-pressure jetting industrial equipment). Modification: The sealing ring is turned to adapt to the well wall, and a fixed groove is welded 20 cm behind the rotary jetting pouring head; the rotary jetting pouring head is integrated with a Sick TiM240 laser scanner (the protection grade is upgraded to IP68).

[0095] 4. Compound compensating agent injection system: Basic equipment: Nordson DPS-200 grouting pump (industrial pump) + Sulzer SMV vortex mixer (conventional static mixing component). Modification: A FESTO ADN servo motor is installed on the mixer blade shaft to realize automatic adjustment of the inclination angle.

[0096] Work flow:

[0097] 1. Well preparation: Double-bin preloading of shallow (nano-aerogel concrete) and deep (carbon fiber concrete) formulations; multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm (Kuka KR60-3) carrying integrated guide pipe (containing radar, sensors, sealing ring) down the well.

[0098] 2. Intelligent pouring: Shallow zone (0-20m): variable frequency pump (Sany HBT90C) adjusts flow rate according to Reynolds number formula; distributed fiber optic temperature sensor (OZ Optics T-DTS) monitors temperature, and starts cooling / heating when the temperature exceeds the limit. Transition layer (18-20m): double-bin output gradually changes the concrete; rotary jetting pouring head radially sprays interface enhancer (pressure 1.0 MPa) at a depth of 19m. Deep zone (>20m): geological radar identifies lithology and dynamically corrects vibration frequency; when well pressure >5MPa, vortex mixer blade inclination angle is automatically adjusted to 45°. Obstacle handling: six-quadrant pressure sensor (Keens FS-H31) triggers three-level response; when high-frequency micro-vibration (200μm / 50Hz) is ineffective, multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm generates an obstacle avoidance trajectory.

[0099] 3. Pollution prevention and control: before rotary spraying, the hydraulic drive sealing ring is expanded (pressure = well pressure + 2 MPa); the Sikadur epoxy resin is injected to form an isolation layer to block the mud backflow.

[0100] Engineering case (Bohai oilfield 120m deep well):

[0101] Traditional device: segmented use of 3 independent devices (silo + pump truck + manual vibration), resulting in: 1. 100% material interface crack rate; 2. 22% well bottom segregation rate; 3. 18 hours of repair time consumed due to mud pollution.

[0102] The device of the present application: 1. Double silo realizes seamless transition from aerogel to carbon fiber (segregation rate 3%); 2. Geological radar avoids 3 granite resonance points (vibration damage is zero); 3. Sealing ring + epoxy resin blocks fissure mud (interface strength reaches 105% of the design value).

[0103] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0104] Prior art (Zoomlion ZCC3200NP well construction system): structure: fixed single silo + linear reciprocating pouring arm + manual temperature monitoring. Defects: 1. Single concrete formula for full well depth, deep layer segregation rate > 20%; 2. No geological sensing capability, 15% well wall collapse accident rate in lithology sudden change area; 3. Rotary spraying relies on manual plugging, mud pollution rate 100%; 4. Isolated operation of each functional device, low coordination efficiency.

[0105] Improvements of the present application: 1. Depth-material self-adaptation: double silo (Liebherr + Sany) is modified to realize intelligent gradual change of concrete, solving the problem of interface crack. 2. Geological-vibration linkage: industrial radar (GSSI) and vibrator (Misumi) are directly connected in hardware, resonance accidents are zero. 3. Active pollution prevention system: sealing ring (Trelleborg) turning integration + epoxy resin injection (Sika pump), pollution rate reduced to 0.1%. 4. Systematic modification: all modules are interconnected through Siemens PLC, reuse rate > 80% (e.g. grouting pump is used for both compensation agent and resin).

[0106] Beneficial effects: quality: segregation rate reduced from 22% to 3%, interface strength qualification rate increased from 48% to 99%. Efficiency: single well pouring time reduced from 18 hours to 10 hours. Cost: modification cost only 720,000 yuan (traditional custom system quoted price over 3 million yuan).

[0107] The device of the above technical solution of the present application solves the three technical bottlenecks of well pouring through systematic modification of industrial standard parts (only 12 items of equipment need to be machined and controller programmed). All basic equipment (GSSI radar, Trelleborg sealing ring, Kuka mechanical arm, etc.) are mature industrial products or simple modifications.

[0108] The present invention also provides a method for pouring a well casting device, which uses a conventional variable frequency concrete pump (Sany Heavy Industry HBT90C-2116D, Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (China)), a programmable multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (KUKA KR 60-3, KUKA Robotics (Germany)), and a distributed fiber optic temperature sensor (OZ Optics T-DTS, OZOptics Ltd. (Canada)) to perform the following steps:

[0109] S01. Divide the well depth into shallow and deep areas. The area with a well depth H of 0 to 20 m is divided into the shallow area, and the area with a well depth H greater than 20 m is divided into the deep area. Dynamically adjust the concrete composition for the shallow and deep areas.

[0110] S02, real-time calculation of critical Reynolds number Re based on well depth c =2300×(1+0.02H); dynamically adjust the pouring velocity v so that the actual Reynolds number Re meets 0.85Re c ≤Re≤1.15Re c Mechanical vibration was applied synchronously in the deep layer. The vibration frequency f was adaptively adjusted according to f = 200 + 10H (in Hz). The amplitude was kept constant at 30 ± 5 μm.

[0111] S03. Use distributed fiber optic temperature sensors to monitor the wellbore temperature gradient ΔT in real time. When ΔT > 15°C, initiate gradient curing: spray cooling water in the high-temperature area at a flow rate Q = 0.5ΔT (unit: L / min). Cover the low-temperature area with insulation film and inject 40°C hot air.

[0112] S04. With the shaft axis as the reference, control the casting conduit to move along the spiral trajectory. The pitch P is calculated as P=0.3D×(1+0.01H), where D is the well diameter. After each circle of spiral casting is completed, the radial contraction is 5 to 8 mm.

[0113] In the above technical solution, in step S01, the concrete components are dynamically adjusted for the shallow and deep areas. In the shallow area, concrete with a slump of 180 mm is used, and nano-silica aerogel with a mass fraction of 1% (as a percentage of the total mass of the cementitious material) is added to enhance the impermeability. In the deep area, concrete with a slump of 150 mm is automatically switched to carbon fiber with a volume fraction of 0.4% (as a percentage of the total volume of the concrete) and a retarder (a phosphate retarder (such as sodium pyrophosphate Na4P2O7 or sodium tripolyphosphate Na5P3O 10, the incorporation amount is 0.04% of the mass of the gel material), ensure that the initial setting time reaches more than 8 hours, solve the deep flow resistance problem. Among them, nano aerogel pretreatment: first mixed with 50% water, after high speed shearing machine (12000 rpm) dispersion 10 minutes before feeding; Carbon fiber dispersion control: the fiber is treated by silane coupling agent (γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) treatment solution (0.5wt% coupling agent, 94.5wt% deionized water, 5wt% anhydrous ethanol, ice acetic acid to adjust pH to 4.5), immersion treatment, treatment temperature 60±2℃, immersion time 120 seconds, after curing: hot air drying: 110℃×5 minutes, high temperature curing: 160℃×3 minutes (form-Si-O-C- covalent bond)) surface treatment, add to the stirring machine in three times, each interval 30 seconds; Retarder feeding time: added 1 minute before the end of concrete mixing, to avoid excessive delay hydration.

[0114] In step S02, fluid dynamics pouring control: calculate the critical flow velocity threshold value in real time through the depth of the well: for example, the critical Reynolds number of a 30-meter deep well is 2300 times 1.6. The discharge speed of the variable frequency pump is dynamically adjusted to maintain the actual flow rate of the concrete within 0.9 times the critical value. At a depth of 30 meters, the vibrator is started simultaneously, and a micro-amplitude vibration (amplitude 30 microns) is applied at a frequency of 500 Hz to suppress aggregate segregation.

[0115] In step S03, thermal stress coordination management: distributed optical fiber temperature sensor real-time detection of well wall temperature: when the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the well reaches 18 degrees Celsius, spray 9 liters / minute of cooling water to the high temperature area, while covering the low temperature area with thermal insulation film and injecting 40 degrees Celsius hot air, control the temperature difference within 5 degrees Celsius.

[0116] In step S04, multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm path optimization: for a well with a diameter of 2 meters, perform spiral pouring at a pitch of 0.66 meters (calculated value 0.3×2×1.2) at a depth of 20 meters. After completing each round of pouring, the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm drives the guide pipe to contract radially by 6 millimeters, forming an inwardly tapered spiral trajectory, ensuring full coverage of the special-shaped well wall.

[0117] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0118] Prior art: traditional segmented pouring method: material control: only switch the formula every 30 meters at a fixed depth, without considering the difference in flow characteristics between shallow and deep layers, resulting in a segregation rate of up to 15% in the 20-30 meter transition zone. Flow rate control: constant pumping speed is used, the Reynolds number in the deep layer exceeds 1.3 times the critical value, causing turbulent segregation. Temperature management: rely on natural heat dissipation, when the well wall temperature difference exceeds 25 degrees Celsius, only surface water is used, which cannot accurately control the internal gradient. Pouring path: multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm moves along a straight line, the coverage rate at the well wall corner is less than 70%.

[0119] In the above technical solution of the present application, the depth-material dynamic matching: the two-part method of shallow layer (0-20m) and deep layer (>20m) is creatively designed, the slump and additive combination are designed, and the segregation rate of the transition zone is reduced to below 3%. The fluid state is optimized in real time: based on the dynamic calculation of well depth, the critical flow velocity is calculated, so that the concrete is in the transition state of laminar flow / turbulent flow (Reynolds number is 0.85-1.15 times the critical value), and the density is improved by 25%. The thermal stress is actively balanced: according to the real-time temperature difference data, the cooling and heating measures are differentially executed, the temperature gradient is compressed to within 5 degrees Celsius, and the temperature cracks are eliminated. The variable-diameter spiral covering technology: the spiral pitch increases with the increase of depth, and the radial shrinkage mechanism is used to improve the coverage rate of the special-shaped well wall to 98%.

[0120] The above technical solution of the present application solves the three problems of segregation, cracks and uneven coverage in the prior art through a depth-adaptive process chain (material-fluid-temperature-path four-dimensional cooperation), and all the equipment is conventional industrial equipment.

[0121] In another technical solution, step S04 further includes the step of performing dynamic obstacle avoidance compensation, specifically including:

[0122] A six-quadrant pressure sensor (KEYENCE FS-H31 six-point touch force sensor, KEYENCE Corporation (Japan)) array is arranged circumferentially at the end of the pouring guide pipe to detect the contact pressure values P1-P6 of the six quadrants around the guide pipe in real time;

[0123] When the pressure value of any quadrant exceeds the safety threshold F safe , which is set to 3 kN, a three-level response mechanism is triggered:

[0124] First level response: reduce the contraction speed of the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm in that quadrant to 50% of the standard value, and increase the contraction amount of the opposite quadrant to 8-10 mm;

[0125] Second level response: if the pressure does not decrease for 2 seconds, start the high-frequency micro-vibration module (MISUMI EZS6-20 electromagnetic vibrator, MISUMI Group Inc. (Japan)), which is installed 20 mm below the pressure sensor and opposite to the same quadrant, and is rigidly connected to the pouring guide pipe through a stainless steel clamp. The vibration direction is strictly perpendicular to the well wall (deviation ≤5°), and the layout is that 6 vibrators correspond to 6 quadrant sensors. Pulse vibration perpendicular to the well wall is applied, with an amplitude of 200 μm and a frequency of 50 Hz;

[0126] Third level response: if the pressure still exceeds the limit after vibration, control the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm to translate the pouring guide pipe along the pressure gradient descent direction to generate a local spatial curve trajectory that bypasses the obstacle;

[0127] After obstacle avoidance, re-enter the standard spiral path according to the compensated contraction amount.

[0128] In the above technical solution, during the execution of the spiral pouring process by the multi-degree-of-freedom robot arm, the six-quadrant pressure sensor at the end of the pouring guide pipe monitors the contact pressure in real time. When it is detected that the pressure in the lower right quadrant reaches 3.2 kilonewtons (exceeding the 3-kilonewton safety threshold), the system immediately triggers a first-level response: reduce the contraction speed of the right multi-degree-of-freedom robot arm to 50% of the standard value, while increasing the contraction amount on the upper left to 10 millimeters, forming an asymmetric motion to avoid hard collision.

[0129] If the pressure still remains at 3.1 kilonewtons after 2 seconds, a second-level response is initiated: the high-frequency micro-vibration module at the lower right of the guide pipe generates a vertical pulse vibration of the well wall (amplitude 200 microns, frequency 50 Hz), and the attached silt is shaken off by continuously vibrating for 5 seconds.

[0130] When the pressure still exceeds the limit after the above processing, a third-level response is activated: the system calculates the pressure gradient descent direction, controls the multi-degree-of-freedom robot arm to translate the guide pipe 15 millimeters in that direction, and generates a spatial curve trajectory that bypasses the rock protrusion. After obstacle avoidance, the guide pipe re-enters the standard spiral line based on the compensated new path, with a reset accuracy controlled within 3 millimeters.

[0131] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0132] Prior art: 1. Single obstacle avoidance mechanism: only a single-point pressure sensor is provided, which cannot identify the orientation of the obstacle, and when encountering an obstacle, the entire guide pipe is uniformly retracted by 20 centimeters, interrupting the pouring process; 2. Defects in trajectory recovery: after retraction, manual calibration is required to restart the spiral path, with a reset error exceeding 20 millimeters, resulting in a pouring gap on the well wall; 3. Lack of vibration function: there is no vibration obstacle removal means, which is ineffective for adherent obstacles.

[0133] The above technical solution of the present application: 1. Spatially oriented obstacle avoidance: the six-quadrant pressure sensor accurately locates the orientation of the obstacle, enabling quadrant-level differentiated response (such as right-side deceleration + left-side incremental contraction), avoiding full-line retraction. 2. Vibration-translation dual obstacle removal: the first 50 Hz vertical pulse vibration is created, which specifically removes the adhering material in the area pointed to by the sensor; for stubborn obstacles, perform pressure gradient tracing translation to generate an avoidance curve in the direction of minimum resistance. 3. Millimeter-level trajectory reset: through spatial coordinate memory and compensation algorithms, the original spiral path is automatically recovered after obstacle avoidance, with a reset accuracy of ±3 millimeters (6 times the accuracy of the prior art). Specific embodiments:

[0135] In the case of a deep well with a basalt protrusion (protrusion height 30-80 millimeters):

[0136] Traditional solution: blockage occurs 6 times every 10 meters, manual obstacle removal is required during pouring, and the well wall coverage rate is only 79%.

[0137] The present application: the first response solves 74% of the mild disorders, the second vibration removes 18% of the adherent deposits, and the third translation avoids 8% of the rigid protrusions; the comprehensive coverage is improved to 97%, and the pouring efficiency is improved by 2.3 times.

[0138] Conclusion: The above technical scheme of the present application solves the problems of blockage and trajectory distortion caused by radial contraction during spiral pouring through the technical chain of orientation perception, hierarchical response and intelligent reset.

[0139] In another technical scheme, in step S01, a gradient transition layer is arranged at the junction with the deep layer in the shallow layer area, the transition layer has a well depth H of 18-20 m, and specifically includes:

[0140] When the pouring depth reaches 18 m, a double-bin mixing system is started, and the material ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the depth increment ΔH:

[0141] When ΔH=2m, the nano-aerogel content linearly decreases from 1.0wt% to 0wt%; the carbon fiber content linearly increases from 0vol% to 0.4vol%;

[0142] An interface reinforcing agent is added in the transition layer, and the components are:

[0143] Calcium aluminate type expanding agent, content 3-5wt%;

[0144] Polyvinyl alcohol fiber, length 12 mm, content 0.15vol%;

[0145] A rotary jet pouring head is used to implement radial jetting in the interface area: H=19±0.5m, pressure 0.8-1.2 MPa, coverage radius ≥50 cm.

[0146] In the above technical scheme, the construction process of the gradient transition layer is:

[0147] When the pouring depth reaches 18 m, the system automatically starts the double-bin mixing mode:

[0148] 1. Material gradual change control: shallow bin (containing 1% nano-aerogel) (Liebherr HTT 104-3.5, Liebherr (Germany)) and deep bin (containing 0.4% carbon fiber) (Sany SY308C-10, Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (China)) are mixed and output in proportion; the nano-aerogel content linearly decreases from 1.0% at 18 m to 0% at 20 m; the carbon fiber content linearly increases from 0% at 18 m to 0.4% at 20 m;

[0149] 2. Interface reinforcing agent dosing: Inject a specially prepared slurry at the core interface zone at 19 meters depth: 4% of the mass of cementitious material of ettringite expansive agent; 0.15% of the volume of concrete of polyvinyl alcohol fiber; the slurry is formed into a uniform suspension by high-speed stirring;

[0150] 3. Rotary jet casting operation: pause the spiral motion at 19 ± 0.5 meters depth; switch to a dedicated rotary jet casting head to radially spray the mixture at 1.0 MPa pressure towards the well wall; the spray covers a radius of 60 cm, forming a jagged interface structure; after completion, resume standard spiral casting.

[0151] Among them, the double-bin mixing system includes: (1) Shallow layer bin: Model: Liebherr HTT 104-3.5, Manufacturer: Liebherr (Germany), Key parameters: Capacity: 3.5m 3 (To meet the continuous supply of nano-aerogel concrete), stirring power: 22kW (to ensure uniform dispersion of aerogel), weighing accuracy: ±0.5%. (2) Deep layer bin: Model: Sany Heavy Industry SY308C-10, Manufacturer: Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (China), Key parameters: Capacity: 4.0m 3(3) Dynamic mixing controller: Model: Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500, Manufacturer: Siemens AG (Germany), Function: Real-time calculation of proportioning according to depth (18m: 100% of shallow material to 20m: 100% of deep material), control of the opening degree of the discharge valve of the two hoppers (precision ±0.3%). Interface reinforcing agent feeding device: (1) Expanding agent storage tank: Model: NFLG PCE-2 of Nanfang Road Machinery Co., Ltd. (China), Technical feature: Moisture-tight design (calcium aluminate is sensitive to moisture), screw conveying precision: ±0.1 kg / batch, (2) PVA fiber dispersing machine: Model: Grace FDM-12, Manufacturer: Grace Construction Products (USA), Key technology: Ultrasonic fiber defibrillation device (prevent 0.15vol% fiber from forming clumps), feeding amount: 0.45 kg / m³ (automatically convert concrete flow) Rotary jet pouring head: (1) Core equipment, Model: XGH-120 high-pressure rotary jet machine of Xugong Group Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (China), Adapted parameters: Jetting pressure: 0.8~1.2MPa stepless adjustable, nozzle diameter: 8mm (fan angle 60°, coverage radius ≥50cm), wear-resistant ceramic lining (service life >500 hours); multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm adapter, Model: KUKA KSP 60-3 quick-change joint, Manufacturer: KUKA Robotics (Germany), Function: Switching between standard conduit and rotary jet pouring head within 3 seconds, pressure-bearing capacity: 1.5MPa (25% higher than working pressure).

[0152] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0153] Prior art: 1. Coarse transition mode: only physical isolation plates are set to divide different material areas; the joint surface is a straight plane, and stress concentration is significant; 2. Single enhancement measure: steel mesh laying needs to be interrupted for 2 hours, the mesh and concrete have insufficient adhesion, and the interface strength is ≤2.0 MPa; 3. Poor process compatibility: cannot be implemented synchronously with multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm pouring; the positioning error of the mesh in a deep well environment is more than 50mm;

[0154] The above technical solutions of the present application: 1. Material gradient evolution technology: 2-meter gradual transition layer (18-20 meters) is created to realize the mutual elimination of nanometer aerogel and carbon fiber and eliminate performance discontinuity points. 2. Chemical-mechanical double enhancement: calcium aluminate expanding agent: generates needle-shaped crystals to fill contraction joints when water is added; PVA fiber: forms a three-dimensional network to bridge new and old materials; the interface strength is broken through to 3.2 MPa by the synergy of the two components. 3. Rotary jet fusion process: 1.0 MPa high-pressure jetting makes the shallow / deep materials interpenetrate, forming a jagged micro-interface (interpenetration depth ≥15mm). Embodiments:

[0156] In the vertical shaft project of Bohai Sea-crossing Channel (shaft depth 150 meters):

[0157] Traditional scheme: crack occurrence rate at interface 100%; drill core sampling shows clear material boundary; permeability coefficient exceeds standard by 3.5 times.

[0158] The above technical solution of the present application: material gradual change control: electronic flowmeter realizes stepless adjustment of proportioning (error <0.3%); rotary spraying interface: microscopic observation shows that the mutual embedding depth of materials reaches 18 mm. Actual measurement performance: zero crack; interface shear strength 3.5 MPa; permeability coefficient reaches the highest grade of waterproof concrete.

[0159] The above technical solution of the present application solves the problem of weakening of deep section material interface by means of dynamic mixing-chemical enhancement-high pressure rotary spraying three-in-one process. All equipment (double bin system, rotary spraying pouring head) are conventional industrial equipment.

[0160] In another technical solution, when mechanical vibration is applied simultaneously in the deep layer area, vibration energy isolation is simultaneously performed:

[0161] Vibration isolation device is arranged at the outer wall of the guide pipe at the shaft depth H=20±0.5m, which comprises an annular elastic damping unit and a hydraulic locking mechanism;

[0162] When the vibration frequency f of the deep layer area is greater than 200 Hz, the hydraulic locking mechanism applies a radial pressure of 8 MPa to make the guide pipe and the shaft wall rigidly contact within 0.1 seconds;

[0163] The locking state is released after the pouring depth exceeds the isolation position by 3 m.

[0164] In the above technical solution, the vibration isolation device is a modified vibration isolation ring: an annular isolation component is installed on the outer wall of the pouring guide pipe (modified from Parker Hannifin's HPS-202 micro hydraulic clamp), integrating two types of units: elastic damping unit: using silicon rubber-lead powder composite material (loss factor ≥ 0.8), thickness 8 mm, covering the outer ring of the guide pipe; hydraulic locking unit: reusing the piston structure of the hydraulic clamp, with wear-resistant ceramic friction plate (Carborundum ceramic layer of Saint-Gobain) installed on the output end. Control module: linkage vibration frequency sensor (KEYENCE FS-H31) of step S02, real-time receiving vibration frequency signal. 2, installation and positioning: the isolation ring is fixed on the outer wall of the guide pipe 20.5 m away from the pipe opening (corresponding to the well depth H=20 m±0.5 m), fastened by stainless steel clamp. Hydraulic pipeline is laid along the guide pipe, connected with Bosch Rexroth SYDFEE type hydraulic station (pressure set to 8 MPa, response time 0.08 s) at the wellhead.

[0165] Workflow: 1, trigger condition: when the distributed sensor detects that the deep zone vibration frequency f>200 Hz (such as f=450 Hz at a depth of 25 m), the hydraulic station is started instantly. 2, execute action: the hydraulic clamp pushes the ceramic friction plate to tightly press the well wall in 0.08 seconds, forming a rigid anchoring (pressure ≥8 MPa); at this time, the elastic damping unit is compressed, forming a high impedance interface on the anchoring surface (vibration transmission rate drops to 2%). 3, dynamic release: when the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm descends to a depth of 23 m (3 m beyond the isolation position), the hydraulic station automatically bleeds, and the ceramic plate retracts; the guide pipe returns to a free state and continues to perform radial contraction motion (step S04).

[0166] Example: Bohai oilfield well construction: segregation control: the aggregate segregation rate in the shallow zone is reduced from 12% to 2.1% (core sampling statistics); efficiency impact: single locking / release time consumption is 0.9 seconds, and the total cumulative pouring time increase is less than 3 minutes; compatibility: no interference with spiral trajectory accuracy (radial contraction error still maintains ±3 mm).

[0167] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0168] Prior art defects: 1. Passive vibration isolation method (such as Trelleborg's ship vibration isolation ring): only rely on rubber elastic damping, no active locking mechanism, vibration transmission rate > 30%; unable to adapt to uneven well wall (gap leads to damping failure), actual measurement shallow layer segregation rate still reaches 10%. 2. Mechanical anchoring method (such as Atlas Copco's hydraulic centralizer): forced anchoring throughout, interrupting the movement of the guide pipe, manual unlocking is required every 20 meters, reducing the pouring efficiency by 40%; fixed anchoring force (5 MPa), overloading damages the well wall, causing secondary collapse risk.

[0169] In vibration blocking, the damping effect of the prior art is ≤30%, and the transmission rate of the present application is ≤2% (increased by 15 times); in process compatibility, the prior art interrupts the pouring process, and the present application automatically releases with depth, zero process interruption; in well wall adaptability, the prior art relies on well wall flatness, and the present application adapts to concave-convex surfaces with ceramic friction plates; in safety control, the prior art has fixed anchoring force, which is easy to overload, and the present application has precise pressure threshold control (8±0.2 MPa).

[0170] The above technical scheme of the present application first creates an "intelligent triggering-precise isolation-sensing exit" mechanism: dynamically binding the vibration isolation depth with process parameters (frequency f, well depth H), which not only blocks energy conduction, but also ensures the continuity of spiral pouring; reuse of industrial standard parts: hydraulic clamps (Parker) and ceramic plates (Saint-Gobain) are commercially available products, only control logic needs to be added (achieved through PLC programming), no custom cost.

[0171] In another technical scheme, the pumping process compensation is simultaneously performed during the dynamic adjustment of the pouring flow rate, specifically including:

[0172] An online rheometer is installed at the outlet of the concrete pump and the end of the pouring guide pipe to monitor the concrete slump S1, S2 in real time;

[0173] When S2≤0.85S1 is monitored, a compounded compensating agent injection system is started to inject a compounded compensating agent into the middle section of the pump pipe, and the components and proportions are:

[0174] Polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent mother liquor: 0.15-0.25% of the mass of cementitious materials;

[0175] Sodium gluconate retarding type plasticizer: 0.03-0.05% of the mass of cementitious materials;

[0176] The injection amount Q of the compounded compensating agent is calculated according to the formula Q=K×(S1-S2)×L, wherein L is the length of the pump pipe, and K is the material coefficient, which is 0.12 L / mm·km⁻¹.

[0177] In the above technical solution, 1. Real-time slump monitoring: Equipment configuration: Malvern Panalytical Insitec online rheometer (Malvern Panalytical, UK) is installed at the outlet of the concrete pump (pump truck discharge port) to monitor the pump outlet slump S1 in real time. KEYENCE LV-71 series laser slump sensor (KEYENCE Corporation, Japan) is installed at the end of the pouring guide pipe (well bottom pouring point) to monitor the end slump S2 in real time. Installation method: the pump outlet rheometer is connected to the pump pipe through a flange, directly contacting the concrete flow; the end sensor is embedded in the sidewall of the rotary jet pouring head, and the data is transmitted to the wellhead console through a pressure-resistant optical fiber. 2. Triggering and injection of compensation agent: triggering condition: when S2≤0.85S1 (for example, pump outlet: S1=200 mm, end S2≤170 mm), the compensation system is automatically started. Compensation agent components: polycarboxylate superplasticizer mother liquor (Sika ViscoCrete PC-40, Sika AG, Switzerland): added at 0.20% of the mass of cementitious materials; sodium gluconate retarding plasticizer (GCP ADVACast 575, GCP Applied Technologies, USA): added at 0.04% of the mass of cementitious materials. Injection execution: Nordson DPS-200 double-head grouting pump (Nordson Corporation, USA) is used to inject the compounded compensation agent into the middle section of the pump pipe (1 / 2 pipe length away from the pump outlet); the grouting pump outlet is connected to the three-way valve of the pump pipe, and the injection is carried out through a high-pressure hose; the injection amount is automatically calculated by PLC (based on the slump loss value (ΔS=S1-S2) and the pipe length L), for example, for a 300 m pipe, ΔS=30 mm, the injection amount is about 10.8 L. 3. Mixing and effect verification: mixing method: a static mixer (Sulzer SMX series, Sulzer Ltd., Switzerland) is installed downstream of the grouting point to achieve uniform dispersion of the compensation agent by forced turbulence. Effect feedback: the end sensor detects S2' after compensation in real time, and if S2'≥0.95S1 (e.g. 190 mm), the injection is stopped; otherwise, secondary compensation is performed.

[0178] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0179] In the monitoring mode, the prior art only detects the slump at the pump outlet single point, and cannot perceive the end loss. The present application realizes real-time monitoring at two points (pump outlet + well bottom), and accurately captures the whole loss. In the compensation method, the water reducing agent is added uniformly at the pump truck, which cannot adjust for the end loss, and is easy to cause over-thinning at the well head and dry hard at the well bottom. In the present application, the compound agent is injected at the middle section: the water reducing agent restores the fluidity + the plasticizer inhibits secondary loss, and the two effects are synergistic. In the execution equipment, the prior art relies on manual estimation of the addition amount and intermittent interruption of pumping. The present application realizes full-automatic grouting system (Nordson pump + Siemens PLC), and the compensation process does not interrupt the pouring. In the segregation control effect, the aggregate segregation rate in the well depth area of the prior art is >12%, and the pipe blocking rate is 8%. The present application realizes aggregate segregation rate ≤3%, and the pipe blocking rate is reduced to 0.5%.

[0180] In the above technical scheme of the present application, 1, double-sensor closed-loop control: dynamically adjust the middle section injection through the well bottom data, break through the traditional "blind adjustment" limitation; 2, synergistic effect of compound compensation agent: water reducing agent mother liquor (Sika PC-40) quickly restores fluidity, sodium gluconate (Grace ADVA Cast 575) blocks water evaporation, and plasticizing time is extended by 2 times. 3, optimization of middle section injection position: the compensation agent reaches the well bottom after mixing through 1 / 2 pipe length, and the uniformity is improved by 40% (compared with pump outlet addition).

[0181] All devices are industrial conventional equipment, which only needs simple adaptation: Kenics LV-71 sensor: end installation of pressure-resistant stainless steel sheath (modified from oil well pressure probe), resistant to 3 MPa well pressure; pump pipe tee valve: reuse hydraulic quick-change joint (Parker Hannifin M12 series), grouting port lined with tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer; control logic: S1 / S2 difference operation and grouting pump linkage are realized through Siemens S7-1200 PLC (Siemens AG, Germany) programming, without custom hardware cost.

[0182] Engineering verification:

[0183] In the deep well construction of Sichuan-Tibet Railway (well depth 80 m, pump pipe length 350 m): traditional method: well bottom slump loss reaches 25%, and manual pipe cleaning is required 3 times per well; the present application: loss rate is compressed to 8%, and the pouring efficiency is improved by 35% with zero pipe blocking throughout the whole process.

[0184] In another technical scheme, the operation of the rotary jet grouting head further includes a positioning step, specifically:

[0185] A laser scanner is installed at the front end of the rotary jet grouting head to scan the well wall at a frequency of 100 Hz to generate a three-dimensional point cloud;

[0186] The compensation jet angle θ is calculated according to the point cloud void ratio: θ = arcsin (R / r), wherein R is the designed coverage radius 50 cm, and r is the measured uncovered distance;

[0187] When the contact pressure value of the contact pressure sensor is <0.5 MPa, trigger the supplementary spraying cycle until the pressure is >=0.8 MPa.

[0188] In the above technical solution, aiming at the problem of uneven coverage of special-shaped well wall in traditional in-well pouring, especially in the rotary spraying pouring link, through the closed-loop control of laser scanning and pressure feedback, the spraying coverage is realized without blind area, and the dense bonding of concrete and well wall is ensured.

[0189] 1. Equipment configuration: laser scanner: select Germany SICK TiM240 series 2D laser scanner (industrial protection level IP67). Modification mode: install waterproof rotating cloud platform (Schneeberger ND3 series, Switzerland), which can scan the well wall at a frequency of 100 Hz, and generate a three-dimensional point cloud model. Pressure sensor: reuse KEYENCE FS-H31 six-quadrant touch force sensor array, installed at the front end of the rotary spraying pouring head, which can monitor the contact pressure of sprayed concrete and well wall in real time. Control system: use Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 PLC (Germany), program integrated point cloud analysis algorithm and pressure feedback logic.

[0190] 2. Operation process: scanning and modeling: when the rotary spraying pouring head is lowered to the target depth (H=19±0.5 m), the laser scanner starts to scan the well wall and generate point cloud data. The system automatically calculates the "void rate" (the proportion of uncovered area). Dynamic compensation spraying: if the point cloud shows local void (such as an uncovered distance r=40 cm), calculate the compensation angle θ according to the formula (for example: when the design coverage radius R=50 cm, θ=arcsin(50 / 40)≈53°). Control the rotary spraying pouring head to deflect θ angle and spray concrete (pressure 0.8-1.2 MPa) to the void area. Pressure verification and cycle: read the pressure sensor data in real time after spraying, if the contact pressure is <0.5 MPa (indicating insufficient bonding), trigger the second supplementary spraying. Continue the next pouring segment after the pressure >=0.8 MPa (confirm the dense bonding).

[0191] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0192] Prior art solution: manual observation method: rely on workers to hold light and visually inspect the well wall coverage, which is disturbed by underground light and dust, and the missed detection rate is >30%. Fixed angle spraying: the rotary spraying pouring head mechanically rotates at a preset angle, which cannot adapt to the concave-convex well wall, and the coverage rate of special-shaped area is only 65-70%. No pressure feedback: no bonding quality verification after spraying, and defects may occur during the curing period, such as hollowing and falling off.

[0193] The above technical scheme of the present application: laser point cloud modeling (accuracy ±2 mm), real-time calculation of compensation angle θ, pressure threshold triggering of supplementary spraying cycle (≥0.8 MPa), coverage rate ≥98%.

[0194] Engineering case verification: scene: a deep well of Sichuan-Tibet Railway (well diameter 2.5 m, basalt well wall protrusion height 30-100 mm). Traditional method: 12 places of missed spraying are found by artificial inspection, and the repair takes 3 hours, and 3 places of hollowing are still found in the later period. The above technical scheme of the present application: 8 cavities are identified by laser scanning, and the pressure is all >0.8 MPa after automatic supplementary spraying; core sampling shows zero hollowing, and the interface tensile strength is improved by 40%.

[0195] Device description: all devices are industrial conventional devices, only simple adaptation is required: 1, laser scanner modification: SICK TiM240 scanner is added with a rotating pan-tilt, and is connected with a rotary spraying pouring head through a customized flange, and the protection grade is improved to IP68 (high pressure water vapor proof). 2, sensor multiplexing: the KEYENCE pressure sensor is directly integrated into the rotary spraying pouring head shell, and the hardware layout of the multiplexed KEYENCE FS-H31 six-quadrant touch force sensor array is reused without additional cost. 3, control logic: Siemens PLC adds a point cloud analysis module (pre-installed SICK AppSpace algorithm library), and the pressure feedback logic is realized through ladder diagram programming.

[0196] The above technical scheme of the present application solves the industry problem of uneven coverage of special-shaped well wall through a "scanning-compensation-verification" closed loop. All devices are commercially available industrial products (SICK, KEYENCE, Siemens), and the modification only involves mechanical interface and software configuration without customization cost.

[0197] In another technical scheme, the injection point of the compounded compensation agent is dynamically adjusted according to the well depth:

[0198] When the pouring depth H1≤50m, the injection point is located at a position 1 / 2 pipe length away from the pump outlet;

[0199] When H1>50m, the injection point is moved to a position 1 / 4 pipe length away from the end of the guide pipe;

[0200] A vortex mixer is installed downstream of the injection point, and the blade inclination angle of the vortex mixer is self-adaptively adjusted according to the well pressure:

[0201] When the well pressure ≤5MPa, the inclination angle is 30°;

[0202] When the well pressure >5MPa, the inclination angle is increased to 45°.

[0203] In the above technical solution, in view of the problem of uneven distribution of complex compensation agent in deep well pumping, by dynamically adjusting the injection point position and the vortex mixer parameter, the uniform dispersion of the compensation agent in the well depth section is ensured, and the end mixing failure problem caused by the fixed injection point in the traditional method is solved. The specific implementation steps are:

[0204] 1. Equipment configuration: complex compensation agent injection system: injection pump: SYDFEE type hydraulic grouting pump (maximum pressure 10 MPa) of Bosch Rexroth in Germany is adopted, and double injection channels are provided. Dynamic switching valve: M12 series hydraulic three-way valve of Parker Hannifin in the United States is installed, and the injection point position is switched through PLC control. Vortex mixer: SMV type static mixer of Sulzer in Switzerland is selected, and the blade structure is modified: blade inclination adjustment mechanism: German FESTO ADN series servo motor (torque 2.5 N·m) is added, which drives the blade to rotate. Well pressure sensor: integrate TJE pressure transmitter (range 0-20 MPa) of Honeywell in the United States to monitor the well pressure in real time. Control system: reuse SIMATIC S7-1500 PLC of Siemens, and add well pressure-inclination linkage algorithm module. 2. Operation process: dynamic adjustment of injection point: when well depth H≤50 m: the compensation agent injection point is located in the middle section of the pump pipe (1 / 2 pipe length position away from the pump outlet). When H> 50 m: the three-way valve automatically switches, and the injection point is moved to 1 / 4 pipe length position away from the end of the guide pipe (shortens the compensation agent travel). Vortex mixer adaptive control: when well pressure≤5 MPa: the servo motor fixes the blade inclination to 30° to form a mild turbulent flow. When well pressure> 5 MPa: the servo motor increases the blade inclination to 45° within 0.5 seconds to enhance the shear force to resist the high pressure environment. Mixed effect verification: the state of the compensated concrete is detected in real time by the Keene LV-71 laser slump sensor at the end of the guide pipe, and if it does not meet the standard, secondary compensation is triggered.

[0205] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0206] Prior art solution: fixed injection point: the compensation agent is always added at the pump outlet, and the mixing is uneven in the deep well due to the long pump pipe (when well depth> 50 m, the compensation agent distribution efficiency<40%). No adaptive mixing: the mixer blade angle is fixed at 35°, the concrete viscosity increases dramatically in the high pressure well section (> 5 MPa), and the mixing failure causes pipe blockage. Manual intervention: manual valve adjustment is required during shutdown, the average interruption of single well is 4 times, and the pouring efficiency is reduced by 30%.

[0207] The invention improves: injection point dynamic migration: middle section injection in shallow well section (H≤50 m): avoid pump port dilution. End section injection in deep well section (H>50 m): compensate agent travel shortening by 60%, distribution uniformity improves to 90%. Well pressure driven mixing optimization: low pressure section (≤5 MPa): 30° inclination energy-saving mixing. High pressure section (>5 MPa): 45° inclination strong shear, mixing efficiency improves by 70%. Full automatic control: valve switching and blade adjustment are automatically completed by PLC, zero manual interruption. Engineering case verification: scene: a deep well in Bohai oilfield (well depth 120 m, well pressure 8 MPa). Traditional method: well bottom slump loss reaches 35%, pipe blocking 6 times, single well pouring time 18 hours. Invention scheme: injection point automatically migrates to the end 30 m, blade inclination is adjusted to 45°; well bottom slump loss is compressed to 12%, zero pipe blocking, pouring time is reduced to 12 hours.

[0208] Device description: all devices are industrial conventional devices, modification only involves mechanical and electrical adaptation: 1, three-way valve modification: Parker M12 three-way valve is equipped with a hydraulic drive head (Bosch Rexroth CRD series), the channel switching is controlled by PLC output signal. The inlet of the valve body is additionally provided with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant bushing (Kenna Metal KC coating, USA), which resists concrete abrasion. 2, vortex mixer modification: the blade shaft end of Sulzer SMV mixer is equipped with a FESTO servo motor coupling, the original static mixing function is retained, and the dynamic adjustment capability is newly added. The servo motor power supply and signal line are multiplexed with the outer wall protection sleeve, without additional wiring. 3, control integration: Siemens PLC adds a module: well depth signal comes from wellhead encoder (Turck Ri360 series, Germany). Well pressure signal is input in real time through Honeywell transmitter. Execution logic: when H>50 m and well pressure>5 MPa, trigger valve switching+blade 45° inclination action simultaneously.

[0209] The above technical scheme of the invention solves the industry pain point of uneven distribution of deep well compensating agent through the double mechanism of "dynamic injection point+self-adaptive mixing". All devices (Bosch pump, Parker valve, Sulzer mixer) are commercially available industrial products, and the modification only involves interface expansion and PLC programming, without customized hardware cost.

[0210] In another technical scheme, when the mechanical vibration is applied in step S02, the geological adaptive frequency correction is performed synchronously:

[0211] A geological radar scanner is installed at the front end of the pouring conduit to emit electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 50 Hz and receive well wall reflection signals;

[0212] According to the dielectric constant mutation point, the geological interface position is identified, and when the lithology change is detected, the vibration frequency f is corrected in real time corr The formula is f corr= (200 + 10H) × Kr, where the correction factor Kr is matched according to the lithology:

[0213] Hard rock: Kr = 0.8 ~ 0.9;

[0214] Soft soil layer: Kr=1.1~1.2;

[0215] Fault fracture zone: Kr=0.7;

[0216] A vibration energy monitor is added. If the vibration acceleration amplitude exceeds the safety threshold of 15 g, the frequency fallback mechanism is immediately triggered: f corr Gradually reduce to 60% of baseline and maintain for 10 seconds.

[0217] In the above technical solution, the fixed vibration frequency formula mismatch caused by sudden changes in the wellbore lithology may cause resonance damage. The lithology is identified in real time by geological radar, the vibration frequency is dynamically corrected, and a safety fuse mechanism is added.

[0218] Equipment Configuration and Modification: 1. Geological Radar Scanner: Selected Equipment: GSSI SIR-4000 Geological Radar (conventional engineering detection device). Modification Method: The original handheld bracket was removed and integrated into the front end of the casting pipe. It was connected to the pipe via a custom stainless steel flange (10 mm thick). The scanning head protruded 5 cm from the pipe sidewall, with the transmission direction perpendicular to the wellbore wall. The protection level was upgraded to IP68 (with the addition of a German Desmi seal). Scanning Parameters: Transmission frequency 50 Hz, detection depth 0.5 m (meeting the requirements for lithology identification). 2. Vibration Monitoring and Control System: Vibration Sensor: The KEYENCE FS-H31 pressure sensor array (conventional industrial sensor) was reused, with a 4524-B triaxial accelerometer from B&K (Denmark) added (bolted directly to the vibrator housing). Control Unit Upgrade: A geological analysis module was added to the existing Siemens S7-1500 PLC (conventional industrial controller), with a pre-installed lithology identification algorithm (using the GSSI Radan7 software library).

[0219] Operation flow: 1. Real-time geological identification: During pouring, the ground penetrating radar scans the well wall at a frequency of 50 Hz. When a dielectric constant mutation (such as granite to silt layer) is detected, the system automatically marks the position of the geological interface. 2. Dynamic frequency correction: If it is identified as a hard rock layer (granite / basalt), the vibration frequency is reduced to 0.85 times the baseline value (e.g. from 500Hz to 425Hz). If it is identified as a soft soil layer or fault zone, the frequency is increased to 1.15 times the baseline value (e.g. from 500Hz to 575Hz). The correction factor is directly written into the PLC register, with no formula interface exposed. 3. Safety fuse mechanism: The accelerometer monitors the vibration energy in real time. If the amplitude exceeds 15g (such as encountering a cavity resonance), it will trigger a three-level response: Level 1: frequency is reduced to 60% of the baseline value within 1 second (e.g. from 500Hz to 300Hz); Level 2: maintain low-frequency vibration for 10 seconds; Level 3: after the energy falls below 5g, gradually restore the corrected frequency.

[0220] Engineering verification (Bohai Oilfield case):

[0221] Traditional method: At the granite-silt interface, fixed frequency vibration causes resonance, with a well wall chunking rate of 32% and a concrete segregation rate of 18%.

[0222] The above technical solution of the present application: 1. Radar identifies lithology change 1m before the interface (response time 0.02s); 2. Frequency automatically reduced from 500Hz to 425Hz; 3. Acceleration peak controlled within 12g; measured segregation rate reduced to 6%, zero damage to well wall.

[0223] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0224] Prior art solution (traditional vibration control): Equipment: Only rely on well depth sensor (such as Japanese Omron E6C2 encoder) to adjust frequency according to fixed formula, no geological sensing capability. Defects: 1. Mechanical vibration frequency coupled with formation natural frequency when lithology changes suddenly, causing resonance (measured acceleration exceeds 25g); 2. leading to concrete segregation rate exceeding 15%, well wall collapse accident rate 12%; 3. When encountering abnormal vibration, only full-line shutdown, single processing time ≥30 minutes.

[0225] The invention improves: 1. Geological self-adaptation: real-time identification of lithology through conventional engineering radar (GSSI SIR-4000), dynamic frequency adjustment to avoid resonance. Key to the transformation: radar integrated into pouring guide pipe (non-independent device), scan data directly transmitted to PLC. 2. Active safety protection: add industrial-grade accelerometer (B&K 4524-B), automatically trigger the fuse mechanism when the limit is exceeded. Key to the transformation: add vibration energy judgment program (<50 lines of code) in PLC. 3. Cost and compatibility: total transformation cost <80,000 yuan (radar reuse engineering leftovers, accelerometer market price ￥21,000); fully compatible with the original vibration system (Kuka robot, Misi vibration).

[0226] The above technical solution of the invention solves the vibration mismatch problem in geological mutation area through conventional equipment modification (geological radar guide pipe integration, accelerometer installation) and control logic upgrade (lithology-frequency mapping, vibration fuse). Compared with the prior art, the resonance accident rate is reduced from 12% to 0%, and the segregation rate is further compressed by 60%, without the need for custom non-standard components.

[0227] In another technical solution, before the radial jet of the rotary jet pouring head, the well wall crack sealing operation is performed:

[0228] An inflatable sealing ring is deployed circumferentially 200 mm behind the rotary jet pouring head, and is driven by hydraulic pressure to expand to ≤1 mm gap with the well wall within 0.5 seconds;

[0229] Sealing pressure P seal Set dynamically according to well pressure: P seal =max (well pressure + 2 MPa, 5 MPa), maintenance time ≥ jet duration × 1.2;

[0230] After sealing is completed, epoxy resin isolation liquid is injected between the sealing area and the rotary jet pouring head, forming an impermeable barrier before starting radial jet.

[0231] In the above technical solution, in view of the mud backflow caused by well wall cracks during high-pressure jetting, which pollutes the concrete interface. Dynamic sealing of the well wall and epoxy resin isolation before jetting blocks the pollution channel.

[0232] Device configuration and modification: 1. Expandable sealing ring: selected equipment: German Trelleborg CRG-80 type hydraulic expansion sealing ring (conventional pipeline plugging device). Modification method: The original sealing ring is reduced by 5% by turning down the outer diameter to adapt to the well wall gap; install a hydraulic quick connector (American Parker Hannifin M12 connector), connect to the wellhead hydraulic station through a stainless steel oil pipe; weld a ring-shaped fixed groove 200mm behind the rotary jet pouring head, and embed the sealing ring (the pressure rating is increased to 15MPa). 2. Epoxy resin injection system: injection pump: reuse Nordson DPS-200 double-head grouting pump (conventional industrial pump). Modification method: add a resin special storage tank (China South Road Machine NFLGPCE-2, lined with Teflon anti-sticking layer); add a ring-shaped nozzle (stainless steel 316L material, aperture 2mm x 12 holes) between the sealing ring and the rotary jet pouring head. 3. Pressure coordination controller: well pressure sensor: reuse Honeywell TJE pressure transmitter (conventional industrial sensor). Control logic: add sealing pressure algorithm in Siemens S7-1500 PLC: real-time read well pressure value; automatically set sealing pressure = well pressure + 2MPa (minimum 5MPa).

[0233] Operation process: 1. Positioning and sealing: the rotary jet pouring head is lowered to the target depth (H=19±0.5m) and paused; the hydraulic station drives the sealing ring to expand within 0.5 seconds until the gap with the well wall is ≤1mm; maintain the sealing pressure (for example, when the well pressure is 3MPa, the sealing pressure is 5MPa). 2. Resin barrier forming: start the grouting pump and inject Swiss Sika AnchorFix-3 epoxy resin between the sealing area and the rotary jet pouring head; the injection volume is calculated according to the annular space volume (standard volume 1.2L / m), and the curing time is ≤3 minutes; after the resin is cured, proceed to the next step according to the infrared sensor (German SICK GM700). 3. Safety rotary jet: perform high-pressure jetting according to 3 parameters (pressure 0.8~1.2 MPa); maintain the sealing pressure during jetting; complete and recover the sealing ring after pressure relief.

[0234] Engineering verification (Bohai oilfield case):

[0235] Traditional method: when basalt fractured well wall is jetted, mud flows back and pollutes the interface; drilling core detection shows that the adhesion failure rate of polyvinyl alcohol fiber is 37%; the hydration product of ettringite expanding agent is abnormal (strength loss 52%).

[0236] Invention scheme:

[0237] 1. The sealing ring expands and compacts at the fracture (the measured gap is 0.8mm);

[0238] 2. The epoxy resin fills the fracture depth >15cm;

[0239] 3, after the interface without mud intrusion, fiber effective adhesion rate 99.3%.

[0240] Comparison with the closest prior art:

[0241] Prior art solution (manual plugging): equipment: canvas bag + quick-setting cement (China Shanshui Dongyue SDS-2 type), manually suspended to the well wall. Defects: 1, plugging position error > 30 cm, crack coverage < 50%; 2, cement curing needs 20 minutes, seriously slowing down the progress; 3, high-pressure jetting destroys the canvas bag, mud pollution rate 100%.

[0242] Improvements of the present invention: 1, dynamic sealing technology: Teli sealing ring (industrial standard part) is modified by turning to achieve millimeter-level well wall fitting; hydraulic drive response speed (0.5 seconds) is 40 times faster than manual. 2, chemical-mechanical double isolation: epoxy resin (Xica conventional building materials) forms a permeation-resistant barrier with a compressive strength > 50 MPa; reuse of existing grouting pump (Nordson DPS-200) reduces cost. 3, intelligent pressure coordination: sealing pressure is dynamically adjusted with well pressure (well pressure + 2 MPa), avoiding insufficient or overload pressure; automatic control is realized through standard PLC (Siemens S7-1500), without the need for additional hardware. In the prior art, the plugging success rate is ≤50%, the single-point processing time is 30 minutes, the interface strength loss is 52%, and the material cost is ￥800 / m. In the present invention, the plugging success rate is ≥98%, the single-point processing time is 4 minutes, the interface strength loss is < 3%, and the material cost is ￥220 / m.

[0243] The above technical solutions of the present invention solve the problem of mud backflow in high-pressure jetting by modifying conventional equipment (sealing ring turning adaptation, grouting pump reuse) and process innovation (mechanical sealing + resin isolation). Compared with manual plugging, the pollution rate is reduced from 100% to 0.1%, the efficiency is increased by 7 times, and all industrial standard parts (Teli sealing ring, Xica resin, Nordson pump) are used, with a total modification cost of only ￥118,000.

[0244] Although the technical solutions of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments, and can be fully applicable to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications can be easily realized by those skilled in the art, and therefore the present invention is not limited to specific details and embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A well casting device, characterized in that: include: A dual-silo mixing system configured to dynamically adjust the concrete composition in shallow and deep zones; Variable frequency concrete pump, connected to the pouring pipe, to adjust the pouring flow rate in real time; A six-quadrant pressure sensor array is circumferentially arranged at the end of the catheter to detect circumferential contact pressure; The high-frequency micro-vibration module is installed in the quadrant where the pressure exceeds the limit of the catheter to generate pulse vibration vertical to the well wall; A multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm drives the catheter along a helical trajectory and performs radial contraction; Distributed fiber optic temperature sensors monitor the well wall temperature gradient in real time; Spinning head with laser scanner and radial spray nozzle; A vibration isolation device, provided on the outer wall of the conduit, comprising an elastic damping unit and a hydraulic locking mechanism; Online rheometer, installed at the pump outlet and the end of the conduit, monitors the slump of concrete; Compound compensating agent injection system, inject compensating agent into the middle section of the pump tube; The vortex mixer is installed downstream of the injection point, and the blade pitch is adjusted according to the well pressure; Geological radar scanner, integrated into the front end of the casing, identifies the lithology of the well wall; The expandable sealing ring is deployed behind the rotary grouting head to perform dynamic sealing of the well wall.

2. A method for casting a well casting device, using the well casting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pouring method includes the following steps: S01: Divide the well depth into shallow and deep areas. The area with a well depth H of 0 to 20 m is divided into the shallow area, and the area with a well depth H greater than 20 m is divided into the deep area. Dynamically adjust the concrete composition for the shallow and deep areas. S02: Real-time calculation of critical Reynolds number Re based on well depth c =2300×(1+0.02H); dynamically adjust the pouring velocity v so that the actual Reynolds number Re meets 0.85Re c ≤Re≤1.15Re c Mechanical vibration was applied synchronously in the deep layer. The vibration frequency f was adaptively adjusted according to f = 200 + 10H (in Hz). The amplitude was kept constant at 30 ± 5 μm. S03: Real-time monitoring of the well wall temperature gradient ΔT. When ΔT>15°C, gradient curing is initiated: cooling water is sprayed in the high-temperature area with a flow rate Q=0.5ΔT (unit: L / min). In the low-temperature area, insulation film is covered and 40°C hot air is injected. S04: With the shaft axis as the reference, the casting conduit is controlled to move along a spiral trajectory. The pitch P is calculated as P=0.3D×(1+0.01H), where D is the well diameter. The radial contraction is 5 to 8 mm after each circle of spiral casting is completed.

3. The casting method of the well casting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S04 further includes the step of performing dynamic obstacle avoidance compensation, specifically including: A six-quadrant pressure sensor array is set circumferentially at the end of the casting conduit to detect the contact pressure values ​​P1-P6 of the six quadrants of the conduit in real time; When the pressure value in any quadrant exceeds the safety threshold F safe , which is set to 3 kN, triggers the three-level response mechanism: Level 1 response: Reduce the retraction speed of the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator in that quadrant to 50% of the standard value, and increase the retraction amount of the opposite quadrant to 8-10 mm; Secondary response: If the pressure does not drop for 2 seconds, the high-frequency micro-vibration module is activated to apply pulse vibration vertical to the well wall with an amplitude of 200 μm and a frequency of 50 Hz. Level 3 response: If the pressure still exceeds the limit after vibration, the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm is controlled to translate the casting conduit in the direction of the decreasing pressure gradient, generating a local spatial curve trajectory to bypass the obstacle; After completing obstacle avoidance, rejoin the standard spiral path according to the compensated contraction amount.

4. The casting method of the well casting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S01, a gradient transition layer is set at the interface between the shallow zone and the deep zone, with the transition layer depth H being 18 to 20 m, specifically including: When the pouring depth reaches 18 m, the dual-silo mixing system is started and the material ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the depth increment ΔH: When ΔH=2m, the nano-aerogel content decreases linearly from 1.0wt% to 0wt%; the carbon fiber content increases linearly from 0vol% to 0.4vol%; Add interface enhancer to the transition layer, its components are: Ettringite type expansion agent, dosage 3~5wt%; Polyvinyl alcohol fiber, length 12 mm, dosage 0.15 vol%; Use a rotary jet pouring head to implement radial spraying in the interface area: H=19±0.5m, pressure 0.8~1.2 MPa, and coverage radius ≥50 cm.

5. The casting method of the well casting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S02, when mechanical vibration is synchronously applied to the deep layer, vibration energy isolation is performed synchronously: A vibration isolation device is installed on the outer wall of the cast pipe at a well depth of H=20±0.5m. The device includes an annular elastic damping unit and a hydraulic locking mechanism. When the vibration frequency f in the deep zone is greater than 200 Hz, the hydraulic locking mechanism applies a radial pressure of 8 MPa within 0.1 seconds to make the guide tube in rigid contact with the well wall; The locking state will be released after the pouring depth exceeds the isolation position by 3 m.

6. The method for casting a well casting device according to claim 2, wherein: In step S02, the pumping process compensation is performed synchronously during the dynamic adjustment of the pouring flow rate, specifically including: Install online rheometers at the concrete pump outlet and the end of the pouring pipe to monitor the concrete slump S1 and S2 in real time; When S2≤0.85S1 is monitored, the compound compensating agent injection system is started and the compound compensating agent is injected into the middle section of the pump tube. The components and proportions are as follows: Polycarboxylate water-reducing agent mother liquor: 0.15-0.25% of the mass of the cementitious material; Sodium gluconate slow-setting plasticizer: 0.03-0.05% of the mass of the cementitious material; The injection volume Q of the compound compensator is calculated according to the formula Q=K×(S1-S2)×L, where L is the pump tube length and K is the material coefficient, which is 0.12 L / mm·km -1 .

7. The casting method of the well casting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The operation of the rotary grouting head also includes positioning steps, specifically: A laser scanner is installed at the front end of the rotary grouting head to scan the well wall at a frequency of 100 Hz to generate a 3D point cloud. The compensation spray angle θ is calculated based on the point cloud void ratio: θ=arcsin (R / r), where R is the designed coverage radius of 50 cm and r is the measured uncovered distance. When the contact pressure value of the contact pressure sensor is less than 0.5 MPa, the re-spraying cycle is triggered until the pressure is ≥ 0.8 MPa.

8. The method for casting a well casting device according to claim 6, wherein: The injection point of the compound compensating agent is dynamically adjusted according to the well depth: When the pouring depth H1≤50m, the injection point is located at 1 / 2 pipe length from the pump outlet; When H1>50m, the injection point is moved to a position 1 / 4 of the pipe length away from the end of the catheter; A vortex mixer is installed downstream of the injection point, and its blade inclination angle is adaptively adjusted according to the well pressure: When the well pressure is ≤5MPa, the inclination angle is 30°; When the well pressure is greater than 5 MPa, the inclination angle increases to 45°.

9. The method for casting a well casting device according to claim 3, wherein: When mechanical vibration is applied in step S02, geological adaptive frequency correction is performed synchronously: A geological radar scanner is installed at the front end of the casting pipe to transmit electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 50 Hz and receive the reflected signals from the well wall; Identify the geological interface position based on the dielectric constant mutation point, and correct the vibration frequency f in real time when the rock property change is detected. corr The formula is f corr = (200 + 10H) × Kr, where the correction factor Kr is matched according to the lithology: Hard rock: Kr = 0.8 ~ 0.9; Soft soil layer: Kr=1.1~1.2; Fault fracture zone: Kr=0.7; A vibration energy monitor is added. If the vibration acceleration amplitude exceeds the safety threshold of 15 g, the frequency fallback mechanism is immediately triggered: f corr Gradually reduce to 60% of baseline and maintain for 10 seconds.

10. The method for casting a well casting device according to claim 4, wherein: Before the radial jetting of the rotary grouting head, the well wall crack sealing operation is performed: An expandable sealing ring is deployed circumferentially 200 mm behind the rotary grouting head and is hydraulically driven to expand to a clearance of ≤1 mm from the well wall within 0.5 seconds. Sealing pressure P seal Dynamic setting according to well pressure: P seal =max (well pressure + 2 MPa, 5 MPa), maintenance time ≥ injection duration × 1.2; After the sealing is completed, the epoxy resin isolation liquid is injected between the sealing area and the rotary spraying head to form an impermeable barrier before starting the radial spraying.