Mine open-type TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) first conveying belt lower double-scraper and deslagging hole integrated slag removal system

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-scraper and deslagging hole integrated slag removal system under a mine open-type TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) first conveying belt. The system comprises an inner yoke, at least two deslagging holes, two groups of hydraulic oil cylinders, scrapers and rolling shafts. And a conveying belt is arranged in the inner yoke. And the at least two slag discharge holes are formed in the bottom of the inner yoke. The two sets of hydraulic oil cylinders are installed on the two sides of the two slag discharging holes respectively. The scraping plate comprises a front-end scraping plate and a rear-end scraping plate, the scraping plate is driven by a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the motion trail of the front-end scraping plate and the motion trail of the rear-end scraping plate cover the whole area between the two slag discharging holes. The roller is installed on the upper portion of the scraper. The rolling shaft is in rolling contact with the lower surface of the first conveying belt, and the axis direction of the rolling shaft is perpendicular to the running direction of the first conveying belt. According to the device, broken stones below the first conveying belt can be efficiently scraped, cleaning dead angles are avoided, then the situation that running of the belt is hindered or the belt is abraded due to accumulation of the broken stones can be avoided, and the service life of the belt can be prolonged to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shield machines, and in particular relates to an integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under a conveyor belt of an open-type TBM in a mine. Background Art

[0002] TBMs can be categorized by their structural form into open-type, single-shield, and double-shield types. The open-type TBM is a mechanized machine specifically designed for tunnel construction in rock formations. It features the ability to perform tunneling, support, and mucking operations in parallel, enabling integrated, streamlined construction. The open-type TBM exposes its main propulsion system and features a shorter shield, making it more suitable for efficient tunneling in rock formations. It is primarily used in hard rock construction scenarios such as mine roadways and rock tunnels.

[0003] When a TBM is in operation, the rock blocks removed by the cutterhead are dropped by the bucket onto the primary conveyor belt, which then transfers them to the trolley belt. During this process, some rock fragments spill from both sides of the primary conveyor belt and accumulate at the bottom of the inner casing. When the rock fragments accumulate to a certain height, they come into contact with the belt, hindering its operation and causing it to heat up and possibly break. When the damage reaches a certain level, the belt must be replaced, which affects both mucking and tunneling efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide an integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the first transport belt of an open TBM in a mine.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under a transport belt of an open-type TBM in a mine, which can solve the problems of the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] This integrated slag cleaning system for open-type TBMs (transportable mining machines) with dual scrapers and slag discharge holes under a single conveyor belt includes an inner casing, at least two slag discharge holes, two sets of hydraulic cylinders, scrapers, and rollers. A conveyor belt is mounted within the inner casing. At least two slag discharge holes are located at the bottom of the inner casing. Two sets of hydraulic cylinders are mounted on either side of each of the two slag discharge holes. The scrapers include a front scraper and a rear scraper, each driven by the hydraulic cylinders. The movement paths of the front and rear scrapers cover the entire area between the two slag discharge holes. The rollers are mounted on the upper portions of the scrapers.

[0009] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the roller is in rolling contact with the lower surface of a transport belt, and the axis direction of the roller is perpendicular to the running direction of the transport belt.

[0010] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the slag discharge hole includes a front slag discharge hole and a rear slag discharge hole, the maximum stroke of the front scraper extends to the front edge of the rear slag discharge hole, and the maximum stroke of the rear scraper extends to the rear edge of the front slag discharge hole.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the hydraulic cylinder is a bidirectional push-pull cylinder.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the slag cleaning system includes a hydraulic station, and the hydraulic cylinder synchronously controls the reciprocating motion of the two groups of scrapers through the hydraulic station.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a slag guide trough is connected below the slag discharge hole, and an outlet of the slag guide trough points to a slag collecting device.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a wear-resistant alloy layer is provided at the bottom of the scraper, and a gap between a working surface of the wear-resistant alloy layer and the bottom surface of the inner shell is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the slag cleaning system further includes a control unit and a displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor is electrically connected to the control unit, and the displacement sensor is used to monitor the scraper position in real time and feed back to the control unit.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the control unit is capable of dynamically adjusting the scraper movement frequency according to the running speed of the transport belt.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the roller is covered with a polyurethane wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of the polyurethane wear-resistant layer is not less than 15 mm.

[0018] Compared with the existing technology, the integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the first transport belt of the open-type TBM in the mine of the present invention can efficiently scrape the gravel under the first transport belt, avoid the existence of cleaning dead corners, and thus avoid the obstruction of belt operation or belt wear caused by the accumulation of gravel, and can extend the service life of the belt to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a partial structural diagram of Neikay in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Neike in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under a conveyor belt of an open-type TBM in a mine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a diagram of a Neike finite element network model in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the Neike load distribution in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a Nekay displacement cloud diagram in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is an internal stress cloud diagram in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a Neike strain cloud diagram in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a cloud diagram of the safety factor of the Neige in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a design drawing of a runway-shaped scheme in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the design data results of a runway-shaped scheme in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a rectangular design diagram in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 14 This is a diagram of the rectangular design data results in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Description of main reference numerals:

[0035] 1-Neikai, 101-Yun belt, 2-slag discharge hole, 201-front slag discharge hole, 202-rear slag discharge hole, 3-hydraulic cylinder, 4-scraper, 401-front scraper, 402-rear scraper, 5-roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under a single conveyor belt for an open-type TBM in a mine in one embodiment of the present invention comprises an inner casing 1, at least two slag discharge holes 2, two sets of hydraulic cylinders 3, scrapers 4, and rollers 5. A conveyor belt 101 is installed in the inner casing 1. At least two slag discharge holes 2 are provided at the bottom of the inner casing 1. Two sets of hydraulic cylinders 3 are respectively installed on both sides of the two slag discharge holes 2. The scrapers 4 include a front scraper 401 and a rear scraper 402. The scrapers 4 are driven by the hydraulic cylinders 3. The movement trajectories of the front scraper 401 and the rear scraper 402 both cover the entire area between the two slag discharge holes 2. The rollers 5 are installed on the upper part of the scraper 4.

[0038] When the gravel under the primary conveyor belt 101 needs to be discharged, the front scraper 401 moves backward under the power of the hydraulic cylinder 3, pushing the gravel toward the discharge hole 2. The rear scraper 402 moves forward, also pushing the gravel toward the discharge hole 2. This effectively scrapes the gravel under the primary conveyor belt 101, preventing the accumulation of gravel from hindering the operation of the primary conveyor belt 101 or causing wear on the primary conveyor belt 101, thereby extending the service life of the primary conveyor belt 101 to a certain extent. When scraping the gravel, the roller 5 on the scraper 4 always rolls in contact with the lower surface of the primary conveyor belt 101, preventing scratching and damage.

[0039] Preferably, the inner casing 1 and the primary conveyor belt 101 of the present invention are part of an open-type TBM. Other than the inner casing 1 and the primary conveyor belt 101, all other components of the open-type TBM are commercially available. The present invention primarily incorporates a slag removal system within the existing inner casing 1 and beneath the primary conveyor belt 101. This system efficiently scrapes away gravel from beneath the primary conveyor belt 101, preventing accumulation of gravel from hindering the operation of the primary conveyor belt 101 or causing wear and tear on the primary conveyor belt 101, thereby extending the service life of the primary conveyor belt 101 to a certain extent.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the slag discharge hole 2 includes a front slag discharge hole 201 and a rear slag discharge hole 202. The maximum stroke of the front scraper 401 extends to the front edge of the rear slag discharge hole 202, and the maximum stroke of the rear scraper 402 extends to the rear edge of the front slag discharge hole 201. In actual use, the stroke limit of the scraper 4 can overlap the edge of the slag discharge hole 2 by 50 mm, thereby avoiding dead corners where gravel is retained.

[0041] Preferably, the size of the slag discharge hole 2 is 400×300 mm, and the distance between the front slag discharge hole 201 and the rear slag discharge hole 202 is 1.5 m, which can ensure the slag discharge effect at any time.

[0042] In addition, a slag chute is connected below the slag discharge hole 2, and the slag chute outlet is directed to the slag collection device. The slag chute can be connected to the mine car conveyor line through a conveying pipe. The slag chute directly connects to the collection device to prevent the secondary spillage of gravel.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 3 is a bidirectional push-pull cylinder with a stroke of 1150mm and a thrust of 5 tons. The slag cleaning system also includes a hydraulic station, through which the hydraulic cylinder 3 synchronously controls the reciprocating motion of the two groups of scrapers 4. That is, when the front scraper 401 moves to the front edge of the rear slag discharge hole 202, the hydraulic cylinder 3 of the rear scraper 402 is in a retracted state. When the rear scraper 402 moves to the rear edge of the front slag discharge hole 201, the hydraulic cylinder 3 of the front scraper 401 is in a retracted state. This cycle can avoid mutual interference between the scrapers 4, thereby improving system reliability. By adopting a centralized pressure supply from the hydraulic station, the response speed can be improved. The scraper 4 can also be mechanically limited to protect the hydraulic cylinder 3 and avoid over-travel collision.

[0044] In this embodiment, the bottom of the scraper 4 is provided with a wear-resistant alloy layer. The gap between the working surface of the wear-resistant alloy layer and the bottom surface of the inner shell 1 is less than or equal to 5 mm. The use of a hard alloy layer can extend the life of the scraper 4. The gap between the wear-resistant alloy layer and the inner shell 1 prevents gravel from getting stuck in the bottom of the scraper 4, reducing downtime.

[0045] Preferably, both the front scraper 401 and the rear scraper 402 are made of 16Mn steel plates, and their height is less than the distance between the primary conveyor belt 101 and the bottom of the inner shell 1. This not only ensures the overall strength of the scraper 4, but also ensures the scraper 4's ability to scrape away gravel, while also reducing friction with the primary conveyor belt 101 or the bottom of the inner shell 1.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, roller 5 is in rolling contact with the lower surface of primary transport belt 101, with the axis of roller 5 perpendicular to the running direction of primary transport belt 101. This arrangement ensures that the rolling direction of roller 5 aligns with the movement of primary transport belt 101, eliminating lateral shear forces and preventing primary transport belt 101 from deviating. Furthermore, rolling contact reduces heat accumulation.

[0047] In this embodiment, the surface of the roller 5 is coated with a polyurethane wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of the polyurethane wear-resistant layer is not less than 15 mm. The polyurethane wear-resistant layer can absorb shock vibration to reduce the risk of damage to the transport belt 101.

[0048] Preferably, the diameter of the roller 5 is greater than or equal to 50 mm to ensure bending rigidity and prevent compression deformation.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the slag cleaning system also includes a control unit and a displacement sensor, which is electrically connected to the control unit. The displacement sensor is used to monitor the position of the scraper 4 in real time and provide feedback to the control unit. It is used to provide real-time feedback on the position of the scraper 4 and also calibrate stroke deviation.

[0050] The control unit is a PLC controller, which is used to receive the displacement sensor signal and adjust the action frequency of the hydraulic cylinder 3.

[0051] In addition, the control unit can dynamically adjust the movement frequency of the scraper 4 according to the running speed of the transport belt 101. For example, when the tunneling speed of the shield machine is 50 mm / min, the control unit can set the movement cycle of the scraper 4 to 10 seconds / time.

[0052] In this embodiment, a laser rangefinder can be added to the inner shell 1 to monitor the gravel accumulation height in real time. When the gravel accumulation height is greater than 100 mm, the control unit can activate the scraper 4 to remove the slag, thereby reducing manual intervention and thus reducing the labor burden.

[0053] In order to ensure that the accumulated gravel can fall smoothly through the slag discharge hole 2, and also to ensure that the slag discharge hole 2 will not affect the structural strength and stability of the inner shell 1, this application also uses the SolidWorks three-dimensional function to model the inner shell 1 part of the TBM before design, and imports it into the Simulation finite element analysis module for numerical simulation, and designs the relevant parameters of the simulation.

[0054] The parameters are as follows: the material of inner Kai 1 is Q235, and the elastic modulus is 2e+11m 2 , mass density is 7850kg / m 3 , the yield strength is 2.25e+8N / m 2 , tensile strength is 4.0e+8N / m 2 .

[0055] Then select the corresponding material from the material library, determine the finite element network size is 30mm, the final finite element division of the mesh is as follows Figure 5 By analyzing the TBM working conditions, the load distribution characteristics of the inner Kai 1 component are obtained, and constraints and loading are added to the model, as shown in Figure 6 As shown in the figure, an axial fixed constraint is applied at the center of rotation to ensure a stable connection with the drive shaft. At the same time, the corresponding surface load boundary condition is applied to the outer surface of the component according to the actual working conditions.

[0056] After the calculation is completed, the system generates four sets of visualization results based on the finite element method, including structural stress distribution diagram, deformation displacement distribution diagram, material strain state distribution diagram and safety factor cloud diagram, such as Figures 7 to 10 As shown, these graphical data were then analyzed.

[0057] Observing the stress distribution at both ends of the Neikai 1 component revealed localized stress concentration. Initial strength analysis of the component showed a maximum displacement of 0.785 mm and a maximum stress of 3.168e+07 MPa. The yield strength of the Q235 material is 2.25e+08 MPa, which is within the safe range. The maximum strain is 1.082e-4, and the minimum safety factor is 7.102. This analysis yielded stress, displacement, and strain cloud maps for Neikai 1 during operation, demonstrating no significant impact. Within the tolerance range, the required strength and stiffness meet the design requirements for mining machinery.

[0058] In addition, this application also simulates and analyzes different shapes of the slag discharge hole 2, as follows:

[0059] like Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the slag discharge hole 2 is designed as a racetrack shape, which has four main parameters: D, L1, L2, and L3. Three different numerical schemes are designed for the racetrack shape: Scheme 1 (D = 600m, L1 = 800mm, L2 = 2500mm, L3 = 1800mm), Scheme 2 (D = 300m, L1 = 800mm, L2 = 2500mm, L3 = 1800mm), and Scheme 3 (D = 300m, L1 = 400mm, L2 = 1000mm, L3 = 600mm).

[0060] Test results such as Figure 12 As shown in the figure, through the finite element simulation of the three runway-shaped schemes, it is found that when D increases to 600mm, the maximum stress of inner Kai 1 is 4.596e+07N / m 2, the maximum displacement is 0.9487mm, the maximum strain is 1.786e-04, and the minimum safety factor is 4.895. The strength and stiffness of Neikai 1 still meet the design requirements of mining machinery.

[0061] like Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the slag discharge hole 2 is designed as a rectangle with four main parameters: D, L1, L2, and L3. Three different numerical schemes are designed for the runway shape: Scheme 1 (D = 600mm, L1 = 800mm, L2 = 2500mm, L3 = 1800mm), Scheme 2 (D = 300mm, L1 = 800mm, L2 = 2500mm, L3 = 1800mm), and Scheme 3 (D = 300mm, L1 = 400mm, L2 = 1000mm, L3 = 600mm).

[0062] Test results such as Figure 14 As shown in the figure, through the finite element simulation of the three rectangular schemes, it is found that when D increases to 600mm, the maximum stress of inner Kai 1 is 4.146e+07N / m 2 , the maximum displacement is 0.9652mm, the maximum strain is 1.531e-04, and the minimum safety factor is 5.427. The strength and stiffness of Neikai 1 still meet the design requirements of mining machinery.

[0063] In summary, the results of finite element simulation tests show that the initial inner Kai 1 meets the required strength and stiffness design requirements. Simulating two openings of different shapes and lengths at the bottom of the inner Kai 1 reveals that the maximum stress, maximum displacement, maximum strain, and minimum safety factor of the rectangular shape are all greater than those of the runway shape. Therefore, under the same parameters, the rectangular shape is superior.

[0064] During specific use, when the front scraper 401 moves backward under the push of the hydraulic cylinder 3, the gravel can be pushed to the rear slag discharge hole 202. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder 3 on the rear scraper 402 contracts. When the rear scraper 402 moves forward, it pushes the gravel to the front slag discharge hole 201, and the hydraulic cylinder 3 on the front scraper 401 contracts. This cycle can form a "two-way closed cleaning loop", which can improve the gravel removal effect. At the same time, the end of the front scraper 401 can reach 50 mm from the front edge of the rear slag discharge hole 202. The front end of the rear scraper 402 can reach 50 mm from the rear edge of the front slag discharge hole 201. Since the movement of the front scraper 401 and the rear scraper 402 adopts a phase difference design, it can ensure that the scraper 4 covers the slag discharge area at any time, with no blind spots, which can improve the slag discharge effect.

[0065] In addition, when the scraper 4 is used to discharge slag, the roller 5 is always in rolling contact with the lower surface of the transport belt 101 to avoid scratching and damage.

[0066] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present disclosure can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be encompassed within the present disclosure. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0067] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The integrated slag removal system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the first conveyor belt of open TBM mines is characterized by: include: An inner case, wherein a transport belt is installed in the inner case; At least two slag discharge holes are provided at the bottom of the inner shell; Two sets of hydraulic cylinders are respectively installed on both sides of the two slag discharge holes; A scraper, comprising a front scraper and a rear scraper, wherein the scraper is driven by the hydraulic cylinder, and the movement trajectories of the front scraper and the rear scraper both cover the entire area between the two slag discharge holes; and The roller is installed on the upper part of the scraper.

2. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-belt conveyor of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The roller is in rolling contact with the lower surface of a transport belt, and the axis direction of the roller is perpendicular to the running direction of the transport belt.

3. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-belt open TBM of mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slag discharge holes include a front slag discharge hole and a rear slag discharge hole. The maximum stroke of the front scraper extends to the front edge of the rear slag discharge hole, and the maximum stroke of the rear scraper extends to the rear edge of the front slag discharge hole.

4. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-conveyor belt of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder is a bidirectional push-pull cylinder.

5. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-belt conveyor of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The slag cleaning system includes a hydraulic station, and the hydraulic cylinder synchronously controls the reciprocating motion of the two groups of scrapers through the hydraulic station.

6. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-conveyor belt of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slag discharge hole is connected to a slag guide trough below, and the outlet of the slag guide trough points to a slag collecting device.

7. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-conveyor belt of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A wear-resistant alloy layer is provided at the bottom of the scraper, and a gap between the working surface of the wear-resistant alloy layer and the bottom surface of the inner shell is less than or equal to 5 mm.

8. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-conveyor belt of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slag cleaning system further includes a control unit and a displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor is electrically connected to the control unit and is used to monitor the position of the scraper in real time and feed back the position to the control unit.

9. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-belt conveyor of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The control unit can dynamically adjust the scraper movement frequency according to the running speed of the transport belt.

10. The integrated slag cleaning system with double scrapers and slag discharge holes under the single-conveyor belt of an open-type TBM mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the roller is covered with a polyurethane wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of the polyurethane wear-resistant layer is not less than 15 mm.

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