A gas turbine, a nozzle and a method of producing a nozzle

Abstract

The application discloses a gas turbine, a nozzle and a production method of the nozzle, and relates to the technical field of gas turbines. The contact wear section of the nozzle is sequentially composed of a base body and a physical vapor deposition layer from inside to outside; the contact wear section is a pipe section capable of forming contact wear with the contact component; the ratio of the first hardness to the second hardness is greater than or equal to 10; the first hardness is the Vickers hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer, and the second hardness is the Vickers hardness of the contact component. The application performs physical vapor deposition spraying on the part of the nozzle prone to contact wear to form a physical vapor deposition layer with high hardness, and makes the contact component prone to contact wear with the nozzle have low hardness. In the case of basically not increasing the production cost of the nozzle, the contact wear generated during the use of the nozzle is greatly reduced, namely, the service life of the whole nozzle is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of gas turbine technology, in particular to a gas turbine, a nozzle and a production method of the nozzle. BACKGROUND

[0002] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the nozzle of a gas turbine generally comprises a nozzle pipe and a vortex finder. In some gas turbines, the end of the nozzle pipe is a floating structure, that is, the end of the nozzle pipe is movably connected with the vortex finder or other components. If the end of the nozzle pipe is a floating structure, vibration during the operation of the gas turbine will cause the end of the nozzle pipe to contact and wear the vortex finder or other components. If the end of the nozzle pipe is worn, it will reduce the service life of the nozzle pipe and other components, or even cause the nozzle pipe or other components to be worn out, affecting the use of the gas turbine.

[0003] The common solutions to this technical problem include the following three methods:

[0004] First, increase the wall thickness of the components in the nozzle that are prone to contact and wear. Due to the limited assembly space of the nozzle, the increase in the wall thickness of these components is limited, and even if the thickness is increased, it is difficult to significantly improve the overall service life of the nozzle, which cannot meet the long-term use requirements of the gas turbine.

[0005] Second, chrome plating is performed on the components in the nozzle that are prone to contact and wear. Although chrome plating can provide good protection for the part of the nozzle that transports air, it is not ideal for the part of the nozzle that transports fuel. Due to the material and structure of the fuel transporting part of the nozzle, the chrome plating effect is not good, and the chrome plating layer is prone to local peeling after chrome plating. Even if a complete chrome plating surface is formed, it will still be worn to varying degrees during use and cannot be used for a long time.

[0006] Third, nitriding or carburizing technology is used to improve the hardness of the components in the nozzle that are prone to contact and wear. The nozzle of the gas turbine is generally made of high-temperature alloy due to its long-term use in a high-temperature environment. For high-temperature alloys, the hardness improvement effect of nitriding or carburizing technology is not obvious, and it is also difficult to meet the long-term use requirements. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to provide a gas turbine, a nozzle and a production method of the nozzle to solve the technical problem that the nozzle in the prior art is prone to contact and wear and the service life is difficult to improve.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the application provides a nozzle applied to a gas turbine. The nozzle comprises a nozzle pipe; the gas turbine comprises at least one contact component; the contact component is any component in the gas turbine capable of forming contact wear with the nozzle pipe; the nozzle pipe and the contact component are both made of high-temperature alloy material; the contact wear section of the nozzle pipe is sequentially composed of a base part and a physical vapor deposition layer from inside to outside; the contact wear section is the pipe section capable of forming contact wear with the contact component in the gas turbine; in the gas turbine, the ratio of the first hardness to the second hardness is greater than or equal to 10; the first hardness is the Vickers hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer, and the second hardness is the Vickers hardness of the contact component.

[0010] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the contact component comprises a vortex.

[0011] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the first hardness is greater than or equal to HV3000; and the second hardness is greater than or equal to HV160 and less than or equal to HV230.

[0012] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer is greater than or equal to 3 microns and less than or equal to 8 microns.

[0013] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer is greater than or equal to 0.01 microns and less than or equal to 0.10 microns.

[0014] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the physical vapor deposition layer is a coating layer comprising nitrogen element, aluminum element, titanium element, chromium element and silicon element.

[0015] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the high-temperature alloy is any one of iron-based high-temperature alloy, nickel-based high-temperature alloy and cobalt-based high-temperature alloy.

[0016] In a second aspect, the application provides a production method of a nozzle, the nozzle comprising a nozzle pipe, and the production method is used for producing the nozzle according to any one of the first aspect.

[0017] As a specific scheme in the technical scheme of the application, the production method comprises:

[0018] The surface of the tubular base part is pretreated to obtain a semi-finished nozzle pipe; the tubular base part is obtained in advance;

[0019] The part of the semi-finished nozzle pipe that does not need to be sprayed is wrapped with a shield;

[0020] Spray the semi-finished nozzle with the physical vapor deposition device to obtain a finished nozzle.

[0021] Based on the finished nozzle, the nozzle is obtained.

[0022] As one specific solution in the technical scheme of the present application, the pretreatment includes any one step or a combination of multiple steps of cleaning, degreasing, stain removal, oil removal, polishing and light collection.

[0023] As one specific solution in the technical scheme of the present application, the physical vapor deposition device sprays the semi-finished nozzle to obtain a finished nozzle, including:

[0024] The semi-finished nozzle is installed into a vacuum chamber in the physical vapor deposition device;

[0025] The vacuum chamber is vacuumized until the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to a preset vacuum degree;

[0026] The temperature of the semi-finished nozzle is heated to be greater than or equal to a preset temperature;

[0027] The target material is sprayed to the surface of the semi-finished nozzle by the physical vapor deposition device to obtain a finished nozzle.

[0028] As one specific solution in the technical scheme of the present application, the preset vacuum degree is greater than or equal to 10 -5 Pa, and less than or equal to 10 -3 Pa; and the preset temperature is greater than or equal to 350℃, and less than or equal to 450℃.

[0029] As one specific solution in the technical scheme of the present application, the target material is a coating containing nitrogen, aluminum, titanium, chromium and silicon.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present application provides a gas turbine, including:

[0031] The nozzle according to any one of the first aspect;

[0032] At least one contact component; the contact component is any component capable of forming contact wear with the nozzle.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0034] The part of the nozzle which is easy to cause contact abrasion is physically vapor deposition sprayed to form a physical vapor deposition layer with high hardness, and the contact part which is easy to cause contact abrasion with the nozzle has low hardness. The contact abrasion generated during the use of the nozzle is greatly reduced, that is, the service life of the nozzle as a whole is greatly improved without increasing the production cost of the nozzle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A perspective view of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] In the figure: 1, nozzle; 11, nozzle; 111, base part; 112, nitriding layer; 113, physical vapor deposition layer; 12, vortex generator; 13, connecting gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0042] In addition, it should be understood that, for the convenience of description, the sizes of the various components shown in the drawings are not drawn in accordance with the actual proportional relationship, for example, the thickness or width of certain layers can be exaggerated relative to other layers.

[0043] It should be noted that like reference numerals and characters refer to like items throughout the drawings, and once an item is defined or described in one drawing, further discussion and description of that item in subsequent drawings can not be necessary.

[0044] To solve the technical problem that the service life of the nozzle is difficult to improve due to the contact wear in the prior art, an embodiment of a nozzle is provided, which is applied to a gas turbine. The nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle pipe 11. The gas turbine comprises at least one contact component, which is any component in the gas turbine capable of forming contact wear with the nozzle pipe 11. The contact wear section of the nozzle pipe 11 is sequentially composed of a base body 111 and a physical vapor deposition layer 113 from inside to outside. The contact wear section is a pipe section capable of forming contact wear with the contact component. In the gas turbine, the ratio of the first hardness to the second hardness is greater than or equal to 10. The first hardness is the Vickers hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113, and the second hardness is the Vickers hardness of the contact component.

[0045] In the embodiment, the contact component can be any component in the gas turbine capable of forming contact wear with the nozzle pipe 11. For example, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a nozzle 1 is disclosed, which comprises a nozzle pipe 11 and a vortex finder 12. The vortex finder 12 is movably arranged at the end of the nozzle pipe 11, that is, a connection gap 13 is formed between the nozzle pipe 11 and the vortex finder 12. In use, if the nozzle pipe 11 vibrates, contact wear will inevitably be formed with the vortex finder 12. In the field of gas turbine technology, the split type nozzle pipe 11 and vortex finder 12 as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 are mature technologies (for example, a patent application document with the publication number CN119042667A and the name of a gas turbine and its nozzle structure discloses similar technology), which will not be described here. In some gas turbines, the nozzle pipe 11 can also form contact wear with a flame tube (not shown in the figure), that is, the contact component in the embodiment can also be the flame tube.

[0046] It should be noted that for different gas turbines, different designs will cause the nozzle pipe 11 (that is, the nozzle 1) to form contact wear with different components. In the present application, since it is difficult to exhaust all the contact components in different gas turbines, the application scenarios of the contact component as the vortex finder 12 will be described in the following various embodiments of the present application. It does not represent the embodiments of the nozzle and the production method of the nozzle proposed in the present application, but is only applicable to the nozzle with the contact component as the vortex finder 12. It should be understood that the embodiments of the nozzle and the production method of the nozzle proposed in the present application are applicable to the nozzle with the contact component as any component in the gas turbine capable of forming contact wear with the nozzle pipe 11.

[0047] Before delving into the embodiments of this application, it is important to understand that Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technology refers to a technique that uses physical methods under vacuum conditions to vaporize the surface of a target material (solid or liquid) into gaseous atoms or molecules, or partially ionize them into ions, and then deposits a thin film with a specific function on the substrate surface through a low-pressure gas (or plasma) process. In this embodiment, as... Figure 4 As shown, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 in the nozzle 11 is a protective coating with ultra-high hardness formed on the surface of the substrate 111 of the nozzle 11 by physical vapor deposition technology.

[0048] It is important to note that, such as Figure 4 As shown, if the hardness difference between the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the substrate 111 is too large, a thin ice effect will occur. The thin ice effect refers to the phenomenon where, although the physical vapor deposition coating (i.e., physical vapor deposition layer 113) formed on the surface of the substrate material (i.e., substrate 111) has high hardness, its thickness is relatively thin (typically a few micrometers), making it prone to cracking under significant external force. This is similar to a thin layer of ice on a lake surface; because the lake water is too soft, the thin ice will crack under excessive force. In other words, the thin ice effect is a typical failure phenomenon in the field of physical vapor deposition technology, specifically referring to the phenomenon where a high-hardness but ultra-thin physical vapor deposition coating (i.e., physical vapor deposition layer 113) cracks under external force due to insufficient hardness of the substrate material (i.e., substrate 111).

[0049] To solve the technical problems of the "thin ice effect", such as Figure 3 As shown, the substrate 111 is typically nitrided to form a nitrided layer 112 between the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the substrate 111. While the hardness of the nitrided layer 112 is less than that of the physical vapor deposition layer 113, it is greater than that of the substrate 111. The purpose of this treatment is to add a transition zone (i.e., the nitrided layer 112) between the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the substrate 111, so that the hardness of the nozzle 11 decreases from the outside in, preventing the physical vapor deposition layer 113 from collapsing or cracking due to excessive hardness difference between the two layers, thus eliminating the "thin ice effect."

[0050] It needs to be clear that, due to the long-term use of the nozzle in a high-temperature environment, the base part 111 needs to be made of a high-temperature alloy to improve the service life of the nozzle. As known from the background art, it is difficult to form a nitriding layer on the surface of a high-temperature alloy by nitriding technology. That is to say, in the embodiments of the present application, it is difficult to form a nitriding layer 112 on the surface of the base part 111. It is easy to understand that, if the nitriding layer 112 cannot be formed on the surface of the base part 111, it is difficult to solve the technical problem of "thin ice effect". In other words, in this technical field, the technical prejudice of "thin ice effect" leads technicians in this field not to adopt technical solutions such as Figure 4 directly forming a physical vapor deposition layer 113 on the surface of the base part 111 to solve the technical problem that the nozzle is prone to contact wear and the service life is difficult to improve.

[0051] The inventors of the present application have also failed to solve the technical problem of "thin ice effect" well after a large number of attempts in the research on the technical problem that the nozzle is prone to contact wear and the service life is difficult to improve. For example, nitriding treatment is performed on the surface of the base part 111 to form a nitriding layer 112, or the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is increased, etc. During the research, the inventors accidentally found that, even if the hardness difference between the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the base part 111 is large, as long as the hardness difference between the contact component and the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is also large enough (for example, the ratio of the Vickers hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 to the Vickers hardness of the contact component is greater than or equal to 10), the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is also difficult to be damaged due to "thin ice effect" in the long-term use process.

[0052] In the embodiments of the present application, the contact wear section is the pipe section in the nozzle 11 that can form contact wear with the contact component. For example, as shown in Figure 2 , the pipe section with a length of D in the nozzle 11 will form contact wear with the vortex generator 12 (i.e. the contact component) in the use process. In the embodiment as shown in Figure 2 , the pipe section with a length of D in the nozzle 11 is the contact wear section of the nozzle 11. That is to say, in the present embodiment, not all the pipe sections of the nozzle 11 are sprayed to form the physical vapor deposition layer 113, but only part of the pipe sections of the nozzle 11 are sprayed to form the physical vapor deposition layer 113. Compared with spraying all the pipe sections of the nozzle 11, spraying only part of the pipe sections can further reduce the influence of "thin ice effect" on the physical vapor deposition layer 113 (the specific principle is described below).

[0053] In a specific embodiment of the present application, as Figure 2The part of the nozzle 11 with a length of D is sprayed to form a physical vapor deposition layer 113. The physical vapor deposition layer 113 has a Vickers hardness of HV3100, the eductor 12 has a Vickers hardness of HV180, and the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is 5 microns. A nozzle 11 without the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and with the same technical parameters as the present embodiment is used as a comparative example. The nozzles of the comparative example and the present embodiment are both installed in a gas turbine for testing. The nozzle of the comparative example is severely worn after 500 hours of operation, while the nozzle of the present embodiment is not significantly worn after 5000 hours of operation. Compared with the comparative example, the production cost of the nozzle of the present embodiment is only increased by about 5%.

[0054] The nozzle of the present embodiment is sprayed with a physical vapor deposition layer in the part of the nozzle that is prone to contact wear, and the contact part that is prone to contact wear with the nozzle has a lower hardness. The contact wear of the nozzle during use is greatly reduced, and the service life of the nozzle is greatly improved without increasing the production cost of the nozzle.

[0055] In the present embodiment, the hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 (i.e., the first hardness) is not limited, as long as the first hardness is greater than the hardness of the base part 111 (i.e., the second hardness). For example, the first hardness can be HV1500 or HV1800. It should be noted that in the technical field of reducing contact wear by increasing the surface hardness of an object, the greater the surface hardness of the object, the smaller the contact wear of the object. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first hardness can be greater than or equal to HV3000.

[0056] In the present embodiment, the hardness of the base part 111 is not limited, as long as the second hardness is less than the first hardness. For most high-temperature alloys, the Vickers hardness is greater than or equal to HV160 and less than or equal to HV230 (i.e., the hardness of the nozzle 11). That is, in the present embodiment, the second hardness can also be greater than or equal to HV160 and less than or equal to HV230.

[0057] In the present embodiment, the high-temperature alloy used to make the base part 111 is not limited, for example, the high-temperature alloy can be an iron-based high-temperature alloy, a nickel-based high-temperature alloy, or a cobalt-based high-temperature alloy, etc.

[0058] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is not limited, that is, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be of any reasonable thickness. It needs to be clear that if the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is too thin, it is difficult to protect the base part 111; if the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is too thick, the adhesion of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the base part 111 will decrease, that is, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is easy to fall off, and the thicker the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113, the higher the cost. In order to make the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 meet the use requirements of the nozzle, that is, to avoid the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 being too thick or too thin, in an embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be greater than or equal to 3 microns and less than or equal to 8 microns. Specifically, the thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be any one of 3 microns, 4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns, 7 microns and 8 microns, or any thickness between any two adjacent thicknesses.

[0059] It needs to be noted that since the hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the contact component is greatly different, in order to avoid the contact component being damaged due to contact wear in the long-term use process, in an embodiment of the present application, the surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be greater than or equal to 0.01 microns and less than or equal to 0.10 microns. Specifically, the surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be any one of 0.01 microns, 0.02 microns, 0.03 microns, 0.04 microns, 0.05 microns, 0.06 microns, 0.07 microns, 0.08 microns, 0.09 microns and 0.10 microns, or any roughness between any two adjacent roughnesses. In the present embodiment, although the hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the contact component is greatly different, since the surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is small, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is also difficult to damage the contact component. Since the hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 is large, the small surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be maintained for a long time. That is, in the long-term use process, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 with small surface roughness is difficult to cause contact wear to the contact component.

[0060] It needs to be clear that the nozzle in the gas turbine is in a high-temperature use environment for a long time, in order to ensure that the formed physical vapor deposition layer 113 has sufficient stability in the high-temperature environment, in the present embodiment, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 can be a coating layer including nitrogen element, aluminum element, titanium element, chromium element and silicon element. The inventors have found that the physical vapor deposition layer 113 including nitrogen element, aluminum element, titanium element, chromium element and silicon element has good high-temperature stability and is suitable for use in high-temperature environment.

[0061] The nozzle embodiment proposed in the present application forms a physical vapor deposition layer with high hardness on the part of the nozzle prone to contact wear by physical vapor deposition spraying, and makes the contact component prone to contact wear with the nozzle have lower hardness. Without substantially increasing the production cost of the nozzle, the contact wear generated during the use of the nozzle is greatly reduced, that is, the service life of the entire nozzle is greatly improved.

[0062] After introducing the nozzle embodiment proposed in the present application, the following introduces an embodiment of a nozzle production method proposed in the present application, which is used to produce the nozzle 1 proposed in any one of the above embodiments.

[0063] The nozzle produced in the present embodiment forms a physical vapor deposition layer with high hardness on the part of the nozzle prone to contact wear by physical vapor deposition spraying, and makes the contact component prone to contact wear with the nozzle have lower hardness. Without substantially increasing the production cost of the nozzle, the contact wear generated during the use of the nozzle is greatly reduced, that is, the service life of the entire nozzle is greatly improved.

[0064] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the nozzle production method can include steps S100 to S400.

[0065] Step S100: pretreat the surface of the tubular base body 111 to obtain a semi-finished nozzle 11.

[0066] In the present embodiment, the tubular base body 111 is obtained in advance. In the present embodiment, the internal and external structures of the tubular base body 111 are not limited. For example, the base body 111 can be as shown in the outer tube in the patent document with the publication number CN104456624A and the name of “Gas turbine fuel nozzle inlet structure” (hereinafter referred to as the first prior art); or as shown in the nozzle body in the patent document with the publication number CN117968097A and the name of “Gas nozzle device and gas turbine with same” (hereinafter referred to as the second prior art).

[0067] In the present embodiment, the purpose of pretreating the surface of the tubular base body 111 is mainly to remove impurities on the surface of the base body 111, thereby improving the adhesion between the subsequently formed physical vapor deposition layer 113 and the base body 111. That is, in the present embodiment, the pretreatment can be any step that can remove impurities on the surface of the base body 111. For example, the pretreatment can include any one step or a combination of multiple steps of cleaning, degreasing, decontamination, oil removal, polishing, and polishing.

[0068] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the operation steps of the pretreatment can be as follows in sequence: dirt removal, oil removal, cleaning, polishing, light collection, and cleaning. Through the above-mentioned pretreatment operation, the purpose of eliminating impurities, dirt, tiny defects, scratches, and unevenness on the surface of the base part 111 can be achieved, so that the part to be sprayed of the base part 111 presents a smooth, delicate, and glossy clean surface. Further, it is beneficial to the subsequent formation of a firm bonding force between the base part 111 and the physical vapor deposition layer 113.

[0069] Step S200: The part of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 that does not need to be sprayed is wrapped with a shield.

[0070] In the present embodiment, the purpose of step S200 is to avoid the formation of a large area of the physical vapor deposition layer 113; if the area of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 formed is large, the physical vapor deposition layer 113 as a whole is prone to cracking. If the physical vapor deposition layer 113 once forms a crack, the crack is extremely easy to expand to the contact wear section of the base part 111. If the crack expands to the contact wear section of the base part 111, the contact wear resistance of the base part 111 is greatly reduced, that is, the service life of the nozzle is greatly reduced.

[0071] In the embodiments of the present application, any reasonable shield can be used to shield the part of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 that does not need to be sprayed. For example, the shield can be tin paper or aluminum foil, etc.

[0072] Step S300: Spraying the semi-finished product nozzle 11 with the shield completed based on a physical vapor deposition device to obtain a finished product nozzle 11.

[0073] It should be clear that the spraying of the semi-finished product (for example, the semi-finished product nozzle 11) based on the physical vapor deposition device is a mature technology, which will not be described here.

[0074] In a specific embodiment of the present application, step S300, spraying the semi-finished product nozzle 11 with the shield completed based on a physical vapor deposition device to obtain a finished product nozzle 11, includes steps S310 to S340.

[0075] Step S310: Install the semi-finished product nozzle 11 with the shield completed into a vacuum chamber in the physical vapor deposition device.

[0076] It should be clear that the installation of the semi-finished product (for example, the semi-finished product nozzle 11) to be sprayed into the vacuum chamber in the physical vapor deposition device is a mature technology, which will not be described here.

[0077] Step S320: Vacuumize the vacuum chamber until the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to a preset vacuum degree.

[0078] It should be noted that the purpose of vacuumizing the vacuum chamber is to extract air and impurity gas in the vacuum chamber, to ensure that no impurities are introduced during physical vapor deposition, and to ensure the purity and quality of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 formed.

[0079] In this embodiment, the preset vacuum degree can be set according to requirements. It should be noted that during the physical vapor deposition process, if the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is too small, the vacuumization cost is high, and the sealing performance of the vacuum chamber is required to be high; if the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is too large, there are more air or impurity gas in the vacuum chamber, which is difficult to ensure the purity and quality of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 formed.

[0080] In order to avoid the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber being too large or too small, in an embodiment of the present application, the preset vacuum degree can be greater than or equal to 10 -5 Pa, and less than or equal to 10 -3 Pa.

[0081] Step S330: heating the temperature of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 to be greater than or equal to a preset temperature.

[0082] It should be noted that the purpose of heating the semi-finished product nozzle 11 is to increase the activity of atoms on the surface of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 by heating, so as to accelerate the deposition speed of the target material on the surface of the semi-finished product nozzle 11.

[0083] In this embodiment, the preset temperature can be set according to requirements. It should be noted that during the physical vapor deposition process, if the heating temperature of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 is too high, the internal stress of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 formed subsequently is large, which is easy to produce cracks; if the heating temperature of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 is too low, the surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer 113 formed is large.

[0084] In order to avoid the heating temperature of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 being too high or too low, in an embodiment of the present application, the preset temperature can be greater than or equal to 350℃, and less than or equal to 450℃. Specifically, the preset temperature can be any one of 350℃, 360℃, 370℃, 380℃, 390℃, 400℃, 410℃, 420℃, 430℃, 440℃ and 450℃, or any temperature value between any two adjacent temperature values.

[0085] Step S340: spraying the target material to the surface of the semi-finished product nozzle 11 by the physical vapor deposition equipment, and then obtaining the finished product nozzle 11.

[0086] It should be noted that spraying the target material to the surface of the semi-finished product (for example, the semi-finished product nozzle 11) by the physical vapor deposition equipment is a mature technology, which will not be described here.

[0087] In the embodiment, the target material can be any reasonable material. It is to be noted that the inventors have found that a coating containing nitrogen, aluminum, titanium, chromium and silicon forms a physical vapor deposition layer 113 that not only has a high Vickers hardness, but also has good high-temperature stability. That is, in the embodiment, the target material can be a coating containing nitrogen, aluminum, titanium, chromium and silicon.

[0088] Step S400: based on the finished product nozzle 11, obtain the nozzle 1.

[0089] It is to be noted that the nozzle shapes in the prior art are various, for example, in the first prior art and the second prior art, the nozzle only has a nozzle 11 (i.e., the outer tube in the first prior art or the nozzle body in the second prior art) in the shape of a circular tube. That is, in the embodiment similar to the first prior art and the second prior art, the finished product nozzle 11 is obtained, i.e., the finished product nozzle 1 is obtained. In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the finished product nozzle 1 is obtained, i.e., the finished product nozzle 1 is obtained. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the nozzle 1 includes the nozzle 11 and the swirler 12. That is, after the finished product nozzle 11 is obtained, the swirler 12 (swirler production is a mature technology, which is not described here) needs to be produced, and then the nozzle 11 and the swirler 12 are spliced to form the finished product nozzle 1. Of course, in other embodiments, the nozzle 1 can also include other components in addition to the nozzle 11 and the swirler 12, which are not listed one by one here.

[0090] The embodiment of the production method of the nozzle proposed in the present application produces a nozzle, which performs physical vapor deposition spraying on the part in the nozzle that is prone to contact wear to form a physical vapor deposition layer with high hardness, and makes the contact component that is prone to contact wear with the nozzle have low hardness. In the case of basically not increasing the production cost of the nozzle, the contact wear generated when the nozzle is used is greatly reduced, i.e., the service life of the whole nozzle is greatly improved.

[0091] After the production method of the nozzle proposed in the embodiment of the present application is introduced, an embodiment of a gas turbine proposed in the present application is introduced. The gas turbine includes the nozzle 1 as described in any one of the above embodiments, and at least one contact component. The contact component is any component that can form contact wear with the nozzle 11.

[0092] The embodiment of the gas turbine provided in the application forms a physical vapor deposition layer with higher hardness on the part of the nozzle which is prone to contact wear in the nozzle by physical vapor deposition spraying, and makes the contact component which is prone to contact wear with the nozzle have lower hardness. Without substantially increasing the production cost of the nozzle, the contact wear generated during use of the nozzle is greatly reduced, that is, the service life of the whole nozzle is greatly improved.

[0093] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to these embodiments. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A nozzle (1) applied to a gas turbine; the nozzle (1) includes a nozzle pipe (11); the gas turbine includes at least one contact component; the contact component is any component in the gas turbine capable of forming contact wear with the nozzle pipe (11); both the nozzle pipe (11) and the contact component are made of high-temperature alloy material; characterized in that, The contact wear section of the nozzle (11) is composed of a base (111) and a physical vapor deposition layer (113) from the inside out; the contact wear section is the section of the nozzle (11) that can form contact wear with the contacting parts; in the gas turbine, the ratio of the first hardness and the second hardness is greater than or equal to 10; the first hardness is the Vickers hardness of the physical vapor deposition layer (113), and the second hardness is the Vickers hardness of the contacting parts; the first hardness is greater than or equal to HV3000; the second hardness is greater than or equal to HV160 and less than or equal to HV230.

2. The nozzle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact component includes an eddy current generator (12).

3. The nozzle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the physical vapor deposition layer (113) is greater than or equal to 3 micrometers and less than or equal to 8 micrometers.

4. The nozzle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface roughness of the physical vapor deposition layer (113) is greater than or equal to 0.01 micrometers and less than or equal to 0.10 micrometers.

5. The nozzle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical vapor deposition layer (113) is a coating comprising nitrogen, aluminum, titanium, chromium and silicon.

6. The nozzle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature alloy is any one of iron-based high-temperature alloys, nickel-based high-temperature alloys, and cobalt-based high-temperature alloys.

7. A method for producing a nozzle, said nozzle comprising a nozzle tube (11), characterized in that, The production method is used to produce the nozzle (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The method for producing a nozzle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The production method includes: The surface of the tubular base portion (111) is pretreated to obtain a semi-finished nozzle (11); the tubular base portion (111) is obtained in advance; The part of the semi-finished spray nozzle (11) that does not need to be sprayed is covered with a shielding material; The semi-finished nozzle (11) after shielding is sprayed using a physical vapor deposition device to obtain the finished nozzle (11). Based on the finished nozzle (11), the nozzle (1) is obtained.

9. A gas turbine, characterized in that, include: The nozzle (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; At least one contacting component; The contacting component is any component that can form contact wear with the nozzle (11).

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