High and cold deep-buried tunnel heat preservation and anti-freezing system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel heat preservation, and relates to a high and cold deep-buried tunnel heat preservation anti-freezing system and a construction method thereof.The high and cold deep-buried tunnel heat preservation anti-freezing system comprises a heat exchange assembly, a heat supply assembly arranged in a deep-buried tunnel and a heat extraction assembly arranged in a middle pilot tunnel parallel to the deep-buried tunnel; the heat extraction assembly communicates with the heat supply assembly through the heat exchange assembly. According to the heat preservation and anti-freezing system for the high and cold deep-buried tunnel and the construction method of the heat preservation and anti-freezing system, heat can be effectively supplied to the deep-buried tunnel, and energy consumption can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel insulation, and relates to a high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system and a construction method thereof, and in particular to a high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system based on geothermal heat in a middle guide tunnel and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Deep, long tunnels contain abundant geothermal resources, as surrounding rock temperatures increase significantly with depth (for example, the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, with a maximum depth of 1,112.6 meters, has rock temperatures reaching 30-40°C). These tunnels offer a potential for natural thermal energy development. Efficiently extracting and utilizing geothermal energy in tunnels to achieve energy self-sufficiency and low-carbon operations has become a key research topic in tunnel engineering.

[0003] Ground-source heat pump technology, a typical method of utilizing geothermal energy, has been piloted in some tunnels. For example, pre-buried heat exchange pipes extract heat from the surrounding rock to provide a heating or anti-freeze source for the tunnel. However, existing technology has significant limitations, primarily in the following areas:

[0004] Low heat exchange efficiency: Traditional pipe layouts (such as horizontal or vertical U-shaped pipes) are limited by the tunnel space and the thermal conductivity characteristics of the surrounding rock. They are unable to adapt to the nonlinear temperature field of deep tunnels, resulting in insufficient heat exchange efficiency. Deep tunnels are particularly difficult to extract geothermal resources efficiently due to the large temperature gradients in the surrounding rock.

[0005] Poor system stability: Tunnels are often located in cold, high-altitude areas (for example, the Tianshan Tunnel experiences extreme temperatures reaching -41.5°C). These environments place stringent demands on the cold resistance of pipeline materials and the frost resistance of the circulating medium. Existing thermal energy utilization systems are prone to failure due to frost heave and leakage, impacting the long-term stability of the system.

[0006] Insufficient synergy: The tunnel's central pilot tunnel, serving as an auxiliary construction channel, is enclosed, characterized by low convection and heat dissipation. However, this characteristic is not fully utilized after tunnel construction. Existing technologies often fail to optimize the design of this unique structure, resulting in ineffective development of thermal energy resources in this area and a waste of resources. Furthermore, existing technologies lack integrated design for thermal energy utilization during construction and operation, failing to achieve synergy between the two phases.

[0007] Lack of intelligence: Existing systems mostly use fixed temperature control modes, which cannot dynamically adapt to the temperature difference between inside and outside the tunnel, changes in surrounding rock heat flow and extreme climatic conditions. It is difficult to adjust system operation according to actual needs, resulting in limited energy consumption optimization space and poor system adaptability.

[0008] Taking the Tianshan Victory Tunnel as an example, the middle guide tunnel in its "3 tunnels + 4 shafts" design is excavated by TBM and has a diameter of 8.4 meters. In addition to serving as a channel to assist the construction of the main tunnel, it also has functions such as advanced geological forecasting and logistics transportation. The stable thermal environment (the average annual surrounding rock temperature is 15-25°C) formed by the closure of the middle guide tunnel after the main tunnel is completed and opened to traffic, and the kilometer-level buried heat storage conditions provide an ideal scenario for geothermal extraction. However, the existing technology has not been optimized for the special structure of the middle guide tunnel, resulting in its geothermal resources not being fully utilized. In addition, the Tianshan Victory Tunnel passes through the F6 and F7 active fault zones and high-altitude permafrost areas with complex geological conditions. Traditional geothermal systems have significant shortcomings in deformation resistance and low-temperature adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a high-cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and anti-freezing system and a construction method thereof, which can effectively provide heat to the deep-buried tunnel and effectively reduce energy consumption.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system is characterized in that: the high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system includes a heat exchange component, a heat supply component arranged in the deep-buried tunnel, and a heat extraction component arranged in a middle guide tunnel parallel to the deep-buried tunnel; the heat extraction component is connected to the heat supply component through the heat exchange component.

[0012] Preferably, the heat extraction component includes a heat extraction pipe group placed between the primary lining of the middle pilot tunnel and the secondary lining of the middle pilot tunnel; the heat extraction pipe group is filled with heat exchange fluid; and the heat extraction pipe group is connected to the heat supply component through the heat exchange component.

[0013] Preferably, the heat pipe group includes a heat pipe inlet pipe branch, a heat pipe outlet pipe branch, a heat pipe inlet pipe main pipe and a heat pipe outlet pipe main pipe; the heat exchange component is connected to the heat exchange component through the heat pipe inlet pipe main pipe, the heat pipe inlet pipe branch, the heat pipe outlet pipe branch and the heat pipe outlet pipe main pipe in sequence; the heat exchange liquid is filled in the heat pipe group.

[0014] Preferably, the heat pipe inlet pipe branch and the heat pipe outlet pipe branch are both one or more; when the heat pipe inlet pipe branch and the heat pipe outlet pipe branch are both multiple, the heat pipe inlet pipe branch and the heat pipe outlet pipe branch are staggered.

[0015] Preferably, the heat pipe water inlet branch and the heat pipe water outlet branch are both U-shaped tubes; when there are multiple heat pipe water inlet branch and heat pipe water outlet branch, the distance between two adjacent branches does not exceed 80 cm; preferably, the heat pipe water inlet main pipe, the heat pipe water outlet main pipe, the heat pipe water inlet branch and the heat pipe water outlet branch are all cross-linked polyethylene tubes; preferably, the diameter of the heat pipe water inlet main pipe and the diameter of the heat pipe water outlet main pipe do not exceed 35 mm; the diameter of the heat pipe water inlet branch and the diameter of the heat pipe water outlet branch do not exceed 25 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the heat extraction component further comprises a waterproof heat-insulating cloth laid on the outside of the water inlet branch of the heat extraction pipe and the water outlet branch of the heat extraction pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the heat exchange component includes a heat exchange unit and a flow pump connected to the heat exchange unit; the heat extraction component is connected to the heat supply component through the heat exchange unit.

[0018] Preferably, the heat exchange component further includes a heating component connected to the heat exchange unit, and the heating component is an electric heating module or a solar heating module.

[0019] Preferably, the heat supply component includes a heating pipe and thermal insulation cotton sleeved on the outside of the heating pipe; the heat extraction component is connected to the heating pipe through a heat exchanger unit; the heating pipe is laid in a continuous N-shape or a continuous M-shape in the empty openings on both sides of the deep-buried tunnel or in the area in the deep-buried tunnel that needs to be protected from freezing; preferably, the deep-buried tunnel includes an ascending tunnel and a descending tunnel; the heat supply components are two groups with exactly the same structure, and the two groups of heat supply components are respectively arranged in the ascending tunnel and the descending tunnel.

[0020] A construction method for the aforementioned high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system is characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0021] 1) Laying a heat pipe inlet branch and a heat pipe outlet branch connected to the heat pipe inlet branch on the primary lining of the middle pilot tunnel, wherein the heat pipe inlet branch and the heat pipe outlet branch form a heat pipe group;

[0022] 2) Lay waterproof insulation cloth on the water inlet pipe branch and the water outlet pipe branch of the heat extraction pipe;

[0023] 3) Casting of the secondary lining of the middle pilot tunnel;

[0024] 4) Laying heating pipes on the inner surface of deep buried tunnels;

[0025] 5) Connect the heat extraction pipe group in the middle guide tunnel with the heat supply pipe on the inner surface of the deep buried tunnel through a heat exchanger unit to complete the construction of the high-altitude deep buried tunnel insulation and anti-freeze system.

[0026] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0027] The present invention can maximize the utilization of geothermal resources stored in the middle guide tunnel of the tunnel by optimizing the layout of the heat exchange tubes and adopting a ring-shaped layout. At the same time, the installation position of the heat exchange tubes ensures that they are always in the heat source area of ​​the surrounding rock (the heat exchange tubes are installed between the primary lining of the middle guide tunnel and the secondary lining of the middle guide tunnel), which can effectively improve the absorption and transfer of heat, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the system and giving full play to the advantages of geothermal resources. The present invention introduces an intelligent temperature control system that can dynamically adjust the operation of the system according to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tunnel and extreme climatic conditions to ensure efficient heating and energy utilization. Moreover, the geothermal energy used in the present invention, a renewable energy source, reduces dependence on traditional energy, reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions, and is in line with the development goals of green and low-carbon development. The present invention specifically takes into account the complex environment of high-altitude and deep-buried tunnels. By using high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant materials (such as cross-linked polyethylene PEX pipes, polyvinyl chloride PVC insulation cloth, etc.), the stability of the system in extreme climates and complex geological conditions is ensured. In addition, when the fluid temperature cannot meet the actual needs, the system can start the electric heating module to ensure continuous and stable heating. Aiming at the high-altitude and deep-buried tunnel environment, the present invention fully utilizes the geothermal resources stored in the middle guide tunnel after the tunnel construction is completed, and develops a geothermal extraction tunnel antifreeze and insulation system and construction method that is efficient, economical and easy to construct. The system can maximize the use of the natural heat source in the middle guide tunnel, support the low-carbon, intelligent and sustainable operation of the tunnel temperature control system, and give full play to the advantages of the thermal environment of the middle guide tunnel through the coordinated use during the construction period and the operation period, reducing energy consumption. It not only fills the gap in the existing technology, but also provides a new solution for the comprehensive development and utilization of geothermal resources in deep-buried tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the layout of the high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat extraction component deployed in the middle guide tunnel of the high-altitude deep-buried tunnel insulation and anti-freezing system provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the layout of the high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and anti-freezing system provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a heat extraction component arranged in the middle guide tunnel of the high-altitude deep-buried tunnel insulation and anti-freezing system provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the layout of the heat extraction assembly provided by the present invention;

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 1-Heat extraction pipe inlet branch pipe; 2-Heat extraction pipe outlet branch pipe; 3-Heat extraction pipe inlet main pipe; 4-Heat extraction pipe outlet main pipe; 5-Surrounding rock mass of the middle pilot tunnel; 6-Primary lining of the middle pilot tunnel; 7-Heat exchange unit; 8-Waterproof insulation cloth; 9-Secondary lining of the middle pilot tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and explicit, the construction method of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a high-altitude deep-buried tunnel insulation and anti-freezing system, which includes a heat exchange component, a heat supply component arranged in the deep-buried tunnel, and a heat extraction component arranged in a middle guide tunnel parallel to the deep-buried tunnel; the heat extraction component is connected to the heat supply component through the heat exchange component.

[0037] The present invention takes into account that the middle guide tunnel, as an auxiliary construction channel in the tunnel, has the characteristics of low convection and strong sealing. After the tunnel is completed and opened to traffic, it can form a stable thermal environment (annual average surrounding rock temperature of 15-25°C) and provide rich geothermal resources. Therefore, for example, see Figure 1 The high-altitude, deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system provided by the present invention extracts heat from the tunnel's central guide tunnel and supplies it to the deep tunnel. This system leverages the central guide tunnel's closed front and rear sections and lacks air convection to collect high-temperature energy from the surrounding rock. Heat extracted from the central guide tunnel is transferred via heat exchanger unit 7 to the tunnel's openings or other areas requiring antifreeze. The central guide tunnel's unique structure, located in the middle of the tunnel and connecting the left and right tunnel passages, ensures efficient heat extraction and transfer, meeting the main tunnel's temperature control and antifreeze requirements.

[0038] See also Figure 5 The heat extraction assembly used in the present invention includes a heat extraction pipe group placed between the primary lining 6 of the middle pilot tunnel and the secondary lining 9 of the middle pilot tunnel; the heat extraction pipe group is filled with heat exchange fluid; and the heat extraction pipe group is connected to the heat supply assembly through the heat exchange assembly. Figure 2 、 Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The heat pipe assembly used in the present invention includes a heat pipe inlet branch pipe 1, a heat pipe outlet branch pipe 2, a heat pipe inlet main pipe 3, and a heat pipe outlet main pipe 4. The heat exchange assembly is connected to the heat exchange assembly via the heat pipe inlet main pipe 3, the heat pipe inlet branch pipe 1, the heat pipe outlet branch pipe 2, and the heat pipe outlet main pipe 4 in sequence. The heat exchange fluid is filled in the heat pipe inlet branch pipe 1. For example, the heat exchange fluid is a 50% by volume ethylene glycol solution.

[0039] For example, see Figure 2as well as Figure 4 , the heat pipe water inlet branch pipe 1 and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe 2 provided by the present invention are both one or more; when the heat pipe water inlet branch pipe 1 and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe 2 are both multiple, the heat pipe water inlet branch pipe 1 and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe 2 are staggered ( Figure 2 ). The heat pipe inlet branch pipe 1 and the heat pipe outlet branch pipe 2 are both U-shaped pipes; when there are multiple heat pipe inlet branch pipes 1 and heat pipe outlet branch pipes 2, the distance between two adjacent branch pipes does not exceed 80 cm; preferably, the heat pipe inlet pipe main pipe 3, the heat pipe outlet pipe main pipe 4, the heat pipe inlet pipe branch pipe 1 and the heat pipe outlet pipe branch pipe 2 are all cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes; preferably, the diameter of the heat pipe inlet pipe main pipe 3 and the diameter of the heat pipe outlet pipe main pipe 4 do not exceed 35 mm; the diameter of the heat pipe inlet pipe branch pipe 1 and the diameter of the heat pipe outlet pipe branch pipe 2 do not exceed 25 mm. For example, the interval between adjacent U-shaped pipes is 80 cm, and every three U-shaped pipes form a group, and each group is 80 cm apart. The heat exchange tubes in the heat extraction tube group are connected by mechanical connections (such as threaded joints) or hot melt connections, and the sealing of each pipe joint and the integrity of the entire system are tested by pressure testing.

[0040] See also Figure 5 The heat extraction assembly also includes a waterproof heat-insulating cloth 8 laid on the outside of the heat-extraction pipe inlet branch 1 and the heat-extraction pipe outlet branch 2. The waterproof heat-insulating cloth 8 can be a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) heat-insulating cloth and is used to protect the outside of the heat exchange pipe to ensure waterproof and heat-insulating functions. For example, the geothermal extraction area is located in the geothermal-rich area inside the middle pilot tunnel. All heat extraction pipe groups are installed on the primary lining of the middle pilot tunnel. The heat-extraction water inlet branch and the heat-extraction water outlet branch 2 are three U-shaped heat exchange pipes. The heat-extraction water inlet branch 1 is connected to the heat-extraction pipe inlet main pipe 3 by mechanical heat-melting, and the heat-extraction water outlet branch 2 is connected to the heat-extraction pipe outlet main pipe 4 by mechanical heat-melting, and finally connected to the heat exchange unit 7. The waterproof heat-insulating cloth 8 is then laid on the heat exchange pipe, and after laying, the secondary lining 9 of the middle pilot tunnel is poured. The surrounding rock of the middle pilot tunnel is rich in heat. The heat extraction system distributes the low-temperature fluid (for example, the aforementioned heat exchange fluid) to the outlet pipe branch pipe 2 through the heat extraction pipe outlet main pipe 4. The low-temperature fluid passes through the surrounding rock area, absorbs the heat of the tunnel surrounding rock, and forms a high-temperature fluid. It flows to the heat extraction pipe inlet pipe branch pipe 1 and is collected to the heat extraction pipe inlet pipe main pipe 3. Finally, the high-temperature fluid enters the heat exchange unit for heat exchange to form a high-temperature heat exchange fluid.

[0041] See also Figure 2The heat exchange component includes a heat exchange unit 7 and a flow pump connected to the heat exchange unit; the heat extraction component is connected to the heat supply component through the heat exchange unit. Because the temperature in high-altitude and cold areas can vary greatly, especially under extreme weather conditions, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange unit does not meet the actual demand and cannot meet the heating needs. In this case, the electric heating module in the heat exchange unit can be started to heat the heat exchange fluid so that the temperature meets the actual demand. For example, the heat exchange component used in the present invention also includes a heating component connected to the heat exchange unit. The heating component is an electric heating module or a solar heating module. It can heat the heat exchange fluid and transport heat to the main tunnel entrance and other locations prone to freezing, and use the heat exchange pipes installed inside the ground to keep warm and prevent freezing.

[0042] See also Figure 3 The heat supply component provided by the present invention includes a heating pipe. At the same time, in order to ensure the stability of the system operation under extreme climatic conditions in high-altitude cold areas, all exposed parts of the present invention are wrapped with thermal insulation cotton to further reduce heat loss; if the temperature of the fluid in the heat exchanger unit does not meet the actual heating demand due to extremely low temperature, the electric heating module in the heat exchanger unit can be started to auxiliary heat the fluid to meet the heating demand. The heat extraction component is connected to the heating pipe through the heat exchanger unit; the heating pipe is laid in a continuous n-shape or a continuous m-shape in the empty openings on both sides of the deep-buried tunnel or in the area that needs to be antifreeze in the deep-buried tunnel; preferably, the deep-buried tunnel includes an ascending tunnel and a descending tunnel; the heat supply components are two groups with exactly the same structure, and the two groups of heat supply components are respectively arranged in the ascending tunnel and the descending tunnel. According to the special structural characteristics of the middle guide tunnel, each section of the middle guide tunnel has a channel connecting the left and right tunnels. Therefore, each section of the middle guide tunnel can be equipped with a geothermal extraction system to provide antifreeze heating for the cold areas on both sides of the tunnel to ensure temperature stability in the tunnel. For example, the heat source section of the left line of the central guide tunnel supplies the upward tunnel, and the heat source of the right line of the central guide tunnel supplies the downward tunnel. Due to the special structural characteristics of the central guide tunnel, each section of the central guide tunnel has a passage connecting the left and right tunnels. Therefore, each section of the central guide tunnel can be equipped with a geothermal extraction system to provide antifreeze heating for the cold areas on both sides of the tunnel to ensure temperature stability in the tunnel. During the operation phase of the system after the tunnel is completed and opened to traffic, the portals at both ends of the central guide tunnel are kept closed for a long time, and the heat in the tunnel recovers rapidly. When the heating conditions are met, the heat exchange system is turned on to heat the pavement or lining and other structures of the portal section of the main tunnel, playing a role in heat preservation and antifreeze. The present invention effectively realizes the utilization of heat energy in the central guide tunnel of high-altitude and cold tunnels. At the technical level, the present invention has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy saving, simple construction process, and can adapt to the complex geological and climatic conditions of high-altitude and cold deep-buried tunnels, significantly improving the reliability and economy of the tunnel heating system.

[0043] For example, the present invention automatically adjusts the system operation according to the temperature difference between inside and outside the tunnel, the change of surrounding rock heat flow and extreme climate conditions to ensure efficient heating and low energy consumption of the system. An intelligent temperature control system can also be used.

[0044] The present invention provides the aforementioned high-altitude deep-buried tunnel thermal insulation and antifreeze system and also provides a construction method for the thermal insulation and antifreeze system. The construction method comprises the following steps:

[0045] 1) Casting the primary lining 6 of the middle pilot tunnel on the surrounding rock mass 5 of the middle pilot tunnel, laying the heat pipe inlet branch 1 and the heat pipe outlet branch 2 connected to the heat pipe inlet branch 1, the heat pipe inlet main pipe 3, and the heat pipe outlet main pipe 4 on the middle pilot tunnel primary lining 6 to form a heat pipe group;

[0046] 2) Lay waterproof insulation cloth on the water inlet and outlet branches of the heat exchange pipe to ensure heat transfer and protection of the heat exchange pipe during operation;

[0047] 3) Cast the secondary lining 9 of the middle pilot tunnel and test the sealing and integrity of the system through pressure testing;

[0048] 4) Laying heating pipes on the inner surface of deep buried tunnels;

[0049] 5) Connect the heat extraction pipe group in the middle guide tunnel with the heat supply pipe on the inner surface of the deep buried tunnel through a heat exchanger unit to complete the construction of the high-altitude deep buried tunnel insulation and anti-freeze system.

Claims

1. A high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system, characterized by: The high-altitude deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system includes a heat exchange component, a heat supply component arranged in the deep-buried tunnel, and a heat extraction component arranged in a middle guide tunnel parallel to the deep-buried tunnel; the heat extraction component is connected to the heat supply component through the heat exchange component.

2. The high-altitude deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The heat extraction assembly comprises a heat extraction pipe group disposed between the primary lining (6) of the middle pilot tunnel and the secondary lining (9) of the middle pilot tunnel; the heat extraction pipe group is filled with a heat exchange fluid; and the heat extraction pipe group is connected to the heat supply assembly via the heat exchange assembly.

3. The high-altitude cold deep buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 2 is characterized by: The heat extraction pipe group comprises a heat extraction pipe water inlet pipe branch pipe (1), a heat extraction pipe water outlet pipe branch pipe (2), a heat extraction pipe water inlet pipe main pipe (3) and a heat extraction pipe water outlet pipe main pipe (4); the heat exchange component is connected to the heat exchange component via the heat extraction pipe water inlet pipe main pipe (3), the heat extraction pipe water inlet pipe branch pipe (1), the heat extraction pipe water outlet pipe branch pipe (2) and the heat extraction pipe water outlet pipe main pipe (4) in sequence; the heat exchange fluid is filled in the heat extraction pipe group.

4. The high-altitude cold deep buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The heat pipe water inlet branch pipe (1) and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe (2) are both one or more; when the heat pipe water inlet branch pipe (1) and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe (2) are both multiple, the heat pipe water inlet branch pipe (1) and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe (2) are arranged in an alternating manner.

5. The high-altitude deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 4 is characterized by: The heat pipe water inlet branch pipe (1) and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe (2) are both U-shaped pipes; when there are multiple heat pipe water inlet branch pipes (1) and heat pipe water outlet branch pipes (2), the distance between two adjacent branch pipes does not exceed 80 cm; the heat pipe water inlet main pipe (3), the heat pipe water outlet main pipe (4), the heat pipe water inlet branch pipes (1) and the heat pipe water outlet branch pipes (2) are all cross-linked polyethylene pipes; the diameter of the heat pipe water inlet main pipe (3) and the diameter of the heat pipe water outlet main pipe (4) do not exceed 35 mm; the diameter of the heat pipe water inlet branch pipe (1) and the diameter of the heat pipe water outlet branch pipe (2) do not exceed 25 mm.

6. The high-altitude cold deep buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 5 is characterized by: The heat extraction assembly further comprises a waterproof heat-insulating cloth (8) laid on the outside of the heat extraction pipe water inlet branch (1) and the heat extraction pipe water outlet branch (2).

7. The high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The heat exchange component comprises a heat exchange unit (7) and a flow pump connected to the heat exchange unit (7); the heat extraction component is connected to the heat supply component via the heat exchange unit (7).

8. The high-altitude cold deep buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 7 is characterized by: The heat exchange component further comprises a heating component connected to the heat exchange unit (7), and the heating component is an electric heating module or a solar heating module.

9. The high-altitude cold deep buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to claim 8 is characterized by: The heat supply assembly comprises a heating pipe and a heat-insulating cotton sleeved on the outside of the heating pipe; the heat extraction assembly is connected to the heating pipe via a heat exchange unit (7); the heating pipe is laid in a continuous N-shape or a continuous M-shape at the openings on both sides of the deep-buried tunnel or in the area requiring antifreeze in the deep-buried tunnel; the deep-buried tunnel comprises an ascending tunnel and a descending tunnel; the heat supply assembly comprises two groups of identical structures, and the two groups of heat supply assemblies are respectively arranged in the ascending tunnel and the descending tunnel.

10. A construction method for the high-altitude cold deep-buried tunnel insulation and antifreeze system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The construction method comprises the following steps: 1) laying a heat pipe inlet pipe branch (1) and a heat pipe outlet pipe branch (2) connected to the heat pipe inlet pipe branch (1) on the primary lining (6) of the middle pilot tunnel, wherein the heat pipe inlet pipe branch (1) and the heat pipe outlet pipe branch (2) form a heat pipe group; 2) Laying waterproof heat-insulating cloth (8) outside the heat pipe inlet branch (1) and the heat pipe outlet branch (2); 3) Casting of the secondary lining of the middle pilot tunnel (9); 4) Laying heating pipes on the inner surface of deep-buried tunnels; 5) Connect the heat extraction pipe group in the middle guide tunnel and the heat supply pipe on the inner surface of the deep buried tunnel to the heat exchanger unit (7) respectively, and complete the construction of the high-altitude deep buried tunnel insulation and anti-freeze system.

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