Long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wireless energy transmission, and the system comprises a transmitting end system which is used for converting electric energy into laser, and the transmitting end system generates and directionally outputs a laser beam through an integrated laser emission, wavefront regulation and control and pointing control mechanism; the transmission channel is used for transmitting the laser beam to a receiving end in a long-distance environment and maintaining the stability of a transmission path; and the receiving end system is used for receiving the laser beam, outputting electric energy through photoelectric conversion, and managing and distributing the generated electric energy. The system solves the key problems of low efficiency, poor stability, insufficient safety and the like of a traditional laser wireless energy transmission system, and is suitable for wireless energy transmission requirements in various special environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless energy transmission, and in particular to a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, traditional wired power supply methods face many limitations in special environments. For example, in fields such as space equipment, deep-sea exploration, and hazardous area monitoring, conventional cable laying is not only costly but also nearly impossible in some cases. Wireless energy transmission technology, as a new energy supply method, has garnered widespread attention and in-depth research in recent years. Wireless energy transmission technologies mainly include electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance coupling, microwave transmission, and laser transmission.

[0003] Electromagnetic induction is one of the earliest wireless energy transmission technologies used. Its principle is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: a changing magnetic field generated by a primary coil induces an electromotive force in a secondary coil, thereby achieving energy transmission. This technology boasts high transmission efficiency and excels in short-distance applications, such as wireless charging for mobile phones and electric toothbrushes. However, its effective transmission range is typically only a few centimeters to a few meters, and the transmission efficiency decreases inversely squared with increasing distance, making it difficult to meet long-distance transmission requirements.

[0004] Magnetic resonance coupling technology is an improvement on electromagnetic induction. It achieves energy transmission by placing resonators with the same resonant frequency at both the transmitting and receiving ends, leveraging the energy coupling between the resonators. While magnetic resonance coupling offers higher transmission efficiency over the same distance compared to electromagnetic induction, its effective transmission distance is still limited, typically no more than a few meters, and its efficiency rapidly decreases with distance.

[0005] Microwave transmission technology uses microwaves as energy carriers, transmitting them through directional antennas. Rectennas at the receiving end convert the microwave energy into electrical energy. This technology enables long-distance energy transmission, theoretically reaching distances of several kilometers or even longer. However, it suffers from significant scattering and absorption losses during transmission, particularly when passing through media such as clouds and fog. Furthermore, microwave transmission can cause electromagnetic interference in the surrounding environment, potentially affecting the normal operation of other electronic equipment. It also poses certain biosafety risks.

[0006] Laser Power Transmission (LPT) technology has shown great application potential in the field of long-distance wireless energy transmission due to its advantages such as high directivity, low divergence and long transmission distance. The principle of LPT technology is to use a laser to generate a highly focused laser beam and transmit energy to a distant photoelectric converter, which converts light energy into electrical energy for the load. The laser energy transmission system mainly consists of a laser emission system, a transmission medium and a photoelectric conversion receiving system. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, there are losses in multiple links in the energy transmission path of the traditional LPT system, and the cumulative effect leads to low overall efficiency.

[0007] However, the existing LPT system still has the following major problems:

[0008] Inefficient transmission: Traditional LPT systems suffer from significant losses during long-distance transmission, with energy conversion efficiencies typically exceeding 40%, making them difficult to meet practical application requirements. The main reasons for this inefficiency include: inherent laser efficiency limitations, atmospheric absorption and scattering during transmission, and insufficient photoelectric conversion efficiency at the receiving end.

[0009] Unstable beam quality: The beam generated by conventional laser transmitters is easily affected by factors such as atmospheric turbulence and temperature gradients during long-distance transmission, causing the beam to diverge, distort and flicker, reducing energy density and system reliability.

[0010] Alignment is difficult: The LPT system requires the transmitter and receiver to be precisely aligned. However, in actual application environments, factors such as equipment vibration and atmospheric disturbances can easily lead to alignment failure, affecting energy transmission efficiency and even causing transmission interruption.

[0011] High safety risks: High-power lasers can pose potential risks to personnel, equipment, and the environment. Ensuring system safety while maintaining transmission efficiency is a significant challenge. Traditional systems lack comprehensive safety protection mechanisms, limiting their application in public or crowded areas.

[0012] Unstable photoelectric conversion efficiency: Traditional photoelectric conversion units are sensitive to changes in lighting conditions (such as light intensity distribution, incident angle, etc.). Their efficiency fluctuates greatly in complex environments, making it difficult to maintain stable energy output.

[0013] Low system integration: Existing LPT systems lack high integration between functional modules, making them difficult to adapt to miniaturized and lightweight applications. This also increases system complexity and failure rates. The traditional system's separate component design results in a large overall size, heavy weight, and high power consumption.

[0014] In addition to the major issues mentioned above, existing LPT systems also face challenges such as poor environmental adaptability, unintelligent energy management, limited scalability, and high cost.

[0015] Related patents and research literature, both domestically and internationally, primarily focus on single-point technology improvements. For example, one study proposed an improved beam shaping technique that achieves dynamic beam shaping through the relative motion of multiple optical elements, improving beam quality. Other studies describe specific wavelength selection methods that precisely control laser wavelength to reduce energy losses during atmospheric transmission. Still another study proposes a polarization converter for laser beam shaping that can alter the polarization state of the beam and control the intensity distribution.

[0016] In addition, some research institutions and companies are also exploring new laser wireless energy transmission solutions. For example, a related project of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is dedicated to developing coherent laser array technology, which achieves high-quality, high-power laser output by phase-locking multiple laser units. Thin-film photovoltaic cells developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE) in Germany achieve high conversion efficiency under monochromatic laser illumination, providing a potential for improving the overall efficiency of LPT systems.

[0017] However, despite the progress made in these technologies, achieving efficient, long-distance, safe, and reliable laser wireless energy transmission still requires comprehensive innovation and optimized design at the system level. Existing technologies have yet to effectively address the comprehensive performance challenges of LPT systems, particularly in areas such as system efficiency, pointing accuracy, and safety and reliability. Therefore, the development of new, highly efficient, laser-guided wireless energy transmission devices is crucial for promoting the practical application of LPT technology. Summary of the Invention

[0018] To solve the above technical problems, a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission method is proposed, including a transmitting end system for converting electrical energy into laser, and the transmitting end system generates and directs the output laser beam through an integrated laser emission, wavefront regulation and pointing control mechanism; a transmission channel for transmitting the laser beam to the receiving end in a long-distance environment and maintaining the stability of the transmission path; a receiving end system for receiving the laser beam, outputting electrical energy through photoelectric conversion, and managing and distributing the generated electrical energy.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system described in the present invention, the transmitting end system includes multiple functional modules, which at least include a power supply module for power supply, a drive control unit for control, and several execution modules for laser energy generation, shaping and guidance control; the functional modules operate in coordination through the drive control unit to achieve overall control of the laser emission direction, quality and power.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless fiber optic energy transmission system described in the present invention, the execution module for generating laser energy includes multiple semiconductor lasers and a phase control module for phase-locking the multiple semiconductor lasers to output coherent lasers.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless fiber optic energy transmission system described in the present invention, the execution module for shaping includes a deformable mirror and a wavefront sensor, the deformable mirror is used to adjust the laser wavefront shape, and the wavefront sensor is used to collect wavefront distortion information and provide feedback data.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless fiber optic energy transmission system described in the present invention, the execution module for guidance control includes an optical lens group and a MEMS mirror array, the optical lens group is used to coarsely adjust the direction of the laser beam, and the MEMS mirror array is used to achieve high-precision fine-tuning control.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system described in the present invention, the receiving end system includes a multi-structure photoelectric conversion array, the photoelectric conversion array includes a GaAs photoelectric conversion unit arranged in the central area and a silicon-based photoelectric conversion unit arranged in the edge area,

[0024] The photoelectric conversion units are arranged in a gradient structure and are electrically connected to form an integrated output structure for adapting to laser energy densities in different regions.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system described in the present invention, the receiving end system also includes an energy management system, which includes an energy regulation module, an energy storage module and a load management module; each module is connected to the power supply channel through a signal and is used to stabilize, store and supply the electrical energy after photoelectric conversion on demand.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system described in the present invention, the functional modules of the transmitting end system include a target tracking unit and a drive control unit.

[0027] The target tracking unit includes an infrared image acquisition component, a laser ranging component and an image processing component, which are used to identify and continuously track the position of the receiving end.

[0028] The drive control unit establishes a communication connection with the execution modules related to laser emission, shaping and guidance, and is used to coordinate and adjust the laser beam parameters according to the tracking information.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the control method of a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system described in the present invention, it is characterized in that it includes: performing self-test on the functional modules in the transmitting end system and the receiving end system to complete the laser array preheating and parameter initialization; collecting the receiving end position information through the target tracking unit; controlling the optical lens group in the guidance control execution module to adjust the laser emission direction to achieve coarse direction adjustment; controlling the MEMS reflector array in the guidance control execution module to perform fine direction adjustment; controlling the laser energy generation execution module to output the laser beam; controlling the shaping execution module to adjust the laser beam wavefront; controlling the photoelectric conversion array at the receiving end to receive the laser and output electrical energy; controlling the intelligent energy management system at the receiving end to regulate and distribute the electrical energy; monitoring the system operation status, and adjusting the parameters according to the monitoring results.

[0030] The control method includes a safety assurance step, which includes controlling an execution module for laser energy generation to gradually increase output power according to a set power curve; detecting the intensity, position, and wavefront morphology of the laser beam through a path monitoring module; verifying the identity of the receiving end through a target confirmation module; controlling an emergency shutdown module to stop laser output or reduce output power when an abnormal state is detected; stopping laser output or switching to a low-power mode when a biological organism is detected in the laser path; and adjusting laser output parameters according to the detection results of the environment monitoring module.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: within a distance of 100 meters, the system transmission efficiency can reach 65%, which is much higher than the 40% of the traditional system; within a distance of 500 meters, the system transmission efficiency can be maintained above 45%; the efficiency calculation includes the full-link conversion efficiency from the transmitting end power to the receiving end power.

[0032] Under standard atmospheric conditions (visibility > 10km), the effective transmission distance can reach 500 meters; in special environments (such as space), the transmission distance can exceed 10 kilometers; in severe weather conditions (such as light fog), it can still maintain an effective transmission distance of 200 meters.

[0033] The static pointing accuracy is better than 0.1mrad; the dynamic pointing accuracy is better than 0.5mrad at a wind speed of 5m / s; and it can maintain stable alignment under platform vibration conditions (frequency <10Hz, amplitude <5mm).

[0034] The system has built-in multiple safety protection mechanisms, with a shutdown time of <10ms under abnormal circumstances; the energy density of the beam leakage is controlled below the eye safety standard; and anti-misirradiation technology ensures that the beam is only transmitted to the preset target.

[0035] Redundant design of key components ensures an average trouble-free working time of over 10,000 hours. It can operate stably in a temperature range of -20°C to +50°C. The dust and water resistance level reaches IP65, making it suitable for various outdoor environments.

[0036] The system can automatically adjust operating parameters to maintain optimal performance according to different application scenarios and environmental conditions; it supports energy transmission tasks in various complex environments such as space, deep sea, and land.

[0037] The present invention solves the key problems faced by traditional laser wireless energy transmission systems, such as low efficiency, poor stability, and insufficient safety. It is suitable for wireless energy transmission needs in a variety of special environments and has broad application prospects and important practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a coherent laser array of a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A structural diagram of an adaptive beam shaping system for a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 A diagram showing the structure of a composite beam guide for a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a multi-structure photoelectric conversion array of a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 A block diagram of an intelligent energy management system for a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 An embodiment of the present invention provides a workflow diagram of a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1, with reference to Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system, comprising:

[0048] The system consists of three major components: the transmitting system, the transmission channel and the receiving system.

[0049] It should be noted that this system is primarily designed to achieve stable, controllable long-distance energy transmission in space, deep sea, or other complex environments where laying cables is unsuitable. Compared to traditional electromagnetic induction and microwave power supply technologies, this system, leveraging the high directivity and long-range capabilities of lasers, offers higher transmission efficiency and environmental adaptability.

[0050] The transmitting end system is used to convert electrical energy into laser light. The transmitting end system generates and directs the output laser beam through an integrated laser emission, wavefront regulation and pointing control mechanism to improve the beam quality and transmission efficiency.

[0051] The transmitting end system includes multiple functional modules. Specifically, the modules include at least a power supply module for power supply, a drive control unit for coordinated control, and several execution modules for laser energy generation, beam shaping and guidance control.

[0052] Furthermore, the execution module for laser energy generation includes multiple semiconductor lasers, each with an output power of 50W-200W. The lasers are installed in an array and connected to a phase control module. The phase control module uses phase locking technology to enable each laser to output coherent lasers. The locking accuracy is no higher than λ / 10, thereby improving beam consistency and output density.

[0053] The execution module used for shaping includes a deformable mirror and a wavefront sensor. The deformable mirror is a piezoelectric ceramic-driven continuous deformable mirror with more than 200 independent control points. The wavefront sensor collects wavefront distortion data and forms a feedback control loop to achieve high-frequency (>1kHz) real-time wavefront correction.

[0054] The execution module for guidance control includes a focus-adjustable optical lens group and a MEMS mirror array. The lens group has a ±5° coarse adjustment capability, and the MEMS mirror array achieves fine adjustment with an accuracy better than 0.01mrad. The above two-stage structure works together to improve the stability of the light beam in dynamic environments such as wind disturbance and vibration.

[0055] Furthermore, the transmitting end also includes a target tracking unit, which is composed of an infrared image collector, a laser rangefinder and an image processing unit, and is used to obtain the position information of the receiving end and adjust the guidance module in real time. The information is fed back to the drive control unit, which controls the above-mentioned execution module to perform synchronous dynamic adjustment of the direction, power and wavefront parameters.

[0056] The receiving system includes a multi-structure photoelectric conversion array. Specifically, the array adopts a gradient arrangement structure. The central area is equipped with GaAs multi-junction photoelectric conversion units, which have a photoelectric conversion efficiency exceeding 45%. The peripheral area is equipped with silicon-based photoelectric conversion units, which are low-cost and adaptable to different light intensity distributions. The units are electrically interconnected to form an integrated output circuit, improving the overall output stability of the system.

[0057] Furthermore, the receiving end system also includes an intelligent energy management system, which includes a wide-input DC-DC power regulation module, an energy storage module composed of supercapacitors and lithium batteries, and a load management module based on a priority scheduling strategy.

[0058] The energy management system can automatically switch to energy storage power supply when power fluctuates or energy reception is interrupted; in addition, the system also supports independent management of multiple loads and has overvoltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection functions.

[0059] The transmission channel is a long-distance air channel or space path. The system includes a communication feedback loop for optical path calibration, which can adjust the laser direction and wavefront based on the information returned by the receiving end to ensure path stability. Furthermore, the system can automatically enter a low-power operation mode under special weather conditions to reduce energy loss and safety risks.

[0060] Furthermore, during system operation, the drive control unit acts as the main control center, which can integrate and analyze the receiving end status feedback information with the front-end target tracking information, adjust the laser output strategy, and ensure the system's continuous working state.

[0061] The system is suitable for remote power supply scenarios such as space remote sensing devices, unmanned underwater robots, and sensors in high-risk areas. It has the advantages of modular structure, strong path stability, precise laser control, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0062] Example 2, reference Figures 1-6, which is a second embodiment of the present invention, provides a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system, comprising:

[0063] Reference Figure 1 The transmitting end system includes a power supply module (101) for providing stable power for the entire transmitting system; a drive control unit (102) is the core control center of the system; a coherent laser array (103) is an energy generation and emission unit; an adaptive beam shaping unit (104) is used to optimize the beam quality; and a composite beam guiding structure (105) is used to achieve precise pointing.

[0064] The transmission channel includes atmosphere or vacuum transmission medium (201).

[0065] The receiving end system includes a tracking and positioning unit (301) for capturing and maintaining the target position; a focusing optical system (302) for concentrating the light beam energy; a multi-structure photoelectric conversion array (303) for converting light energy into electrical energy; and an intelligent energy management system (304) for storing, regulating and distributing electrical energy.

[0066] It should be noted that the module connection relationship and functions include the power module, which is connected to the drive control unit and the coherent laser array; providing stable and reliable power input for the system, including voltage regulation, overload protection and other functions to provide multi-level voltage output to support the different power supply requirements of various components of the system.

[0067] The drive control unit serves as the hub, connecting the power module, laser array, beam shaping unit, beam guiding structure and tracking and positioning unit; coordinating the work between modules, executing system workflow control, and processing safety monitoring information; using a high-performance processor, supporting multi-mode real-time control, and a system response time of <1ms.

[0068] The coherent laser array, connected to a drive control unit and an adaptive beam shaping unit, consists of multiple phase-locked semiconductor lasers, replacing traditional single high-power lasers. Phase control technology, wavelength optimization, array layout optimization, unitized design, and dynamic power regulation are employed to improve beam quality and system reliability. Phase locking accuracy reaches below λ / 10, and the wavelength range is 800-1100nm. Typical configurations are 7×7 or 10×10 arrays, with a total output power of up to 20kW, and a single laser output power of 50-200W. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is greater than 60%.

[0069] The adaptive beam shaping unit connects the coherent laser array and the composite beam steering structure. It optimizes beam quality through a high-precision deformable mirror, a real-time wavefront sensor, and a closed-loop control algorithm. The system continuously monitors the outgoing beam's wavefront quality, analyzes real-time wavefront distortion characteristics, calculates the optimal mirror shape, drives the deformable mirror to adjust to the target shape, verifies the adjustment, and enters the next control cycle. The deformable mirror has an effective aperture of 50-100mm, achieves a wavefront measurement accuracy of λ / 40, and has a processing delay of less than 0.5ms. This improves system transmission efficiency by over 20% even in adverse weather conditions.

[0070] A composite beam steering structure connects an adaptive beam shaping unit and a tracking and positioning unit. Combining a traditional optical lens array with a MEMS mirror array, it achieves a dual-layer steering mechanism with both wide-range coarse and precise fine adjustments. This provides vibration isolation, fast-response control, and automatic target reacquisition, significantly improving the system's adaptability in complex environments. The coarse adjustment range of the optical lens array is ±5°, while the MEMS mirrors offer a precision of better than 0.01 mrad for precise fine adjustments. The system response time is less than 1 ms, and static pointing accuracy is better than 0.1 mrad.

[0071] The tracking and positioning unit connects the drive control unit and the composite beam guiding structure; it combines infrared imaging and laser scanning technology to achieve all-weather, all-round identification and tracking of the receiving end; the field of view is 120° horizontally and 60° vertically, the target recognition distance is greater than 1000m, the tracking accuracy is 0.1mrad, and the update frequency is greater than 30Hz.

[0072] The focusing optical system, located at the rear end of the beam guiding structure, guides the light beam into the transmission channel; focuses the light beam to an appropriate size to optimize the energy density and distribution in the transmission channel; uses high-transmittance optical elements with a transmittance of >99%, and a variable focal length design to adapt to different transmission distances.

[0073] A multi-structure photoelectric conversion array, connected to an intelligent energy management system, is located at the receiving end. A gradient structure design divides the receiving surface into a central high-energy zone and a peripheral low-energy zone, each employing photoelectric conversion units of different materials and structures. The central zone utilizes high-efficiency GaAs multi-junction photoelectric conversion units, while the peripheral zones utilize silicon-based photoelectric conversion units. Conversion efficiency is improved through intelligent array interconnection, microchannel liquid cooling, surface microstructure processing, and double-sided utilization technology. A typical configuration has a total area of ​​100-400 cm. 2 , the central GaAs unit accounts for 40%, the peripheral silicon-based unit accounts for 60%, and the total conversion efficiency is greater than 40% on average under standard conditions.

[0074] The intelligent energy management system connects a multi-structure photovoltaic array and load devices. It achieves efficient energy distribution and management through an energy conditioning module, a high-efficiency energy storage unit, a load management module, energy monitoring and forecasting, multi-mode operation strategies, and fault diagnosis and protection functions. Energy flows from the input end into the energy conditioning module. After processing, a portion is directly supplied to the load management module, while the remaining portion is stored in the energy storage unit. The input voltage range is 5-60V, and the output voltage options are 5V / 12V / 24V / 48V. The maximum output power is 5kW, the conversion efficiency is greater than 95%, and the energy storage capacity is typically 1-10kWh.

[0075] The overall workflow of the system includes initialization phase, target positioning phase, energy transmission phase and status monitoring phase. Each module works together to complete efficient wireless energy transmission under the monitoring of the safety assurance system.

[0076] For coherent laser arrays, a traditional LPT system uses a single high-power laser as the energy source. Although this structure is simple, it has problems such as low energy conversion efficiency (usually no more than 40%), difficult to control beam quality, and poor system reliability. A single high-power laser will produce serious thermal effects after long-term operation, resulting in a decrease in output power and beam quality. At the same time, a single light source design has the risk of single-point failure, and once a failure occurs, the entire system will be paralyzed. Although there are multi-laser solutions in the existing technology, they generally lack effective phase control and cannot achieve high-quality coherent beam output.

[0077] Specifically, high-efficiency coherent laser arrays, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention uses multiple phase-locked semiconductor lasers to form an array to replace the traditional single high-power laser. The main technical features include:

[0078] Through precise phase control circuit, the phase locking of multiple lasers is achieved, making them work in a fully coherent state and improving the beam quality. Figure 2 As shown, multiple semiconductor lasers (21) achieve coherent operation through phase locking technology (22), the phase locking accuracy reaches below λ / 10, and the locking stability can be maintained for more than 10 hours under standard environmental conditions.

[0079] Lasers operate in the near-infrared band (800-1100nm), which has atmospheric window characteristics and minimizes atmospheric absorption and scattering losses. Depending on the application environment, the optimal operating wavelength can be selected within this range to balance atmospheric penetration and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0080] A special hexagonal, tightly packed array is used to maximize the fill factor and increase the system's total output power density. The standard configuration is a 7×7 or 10×10 array, with array spacing optimized for thermal management requirements, typically 10mm, and a total output power of up to 20kW.

[0081] Each laser unit adopts a modular design, so a single unit failure does not affect the overall system operation, significantly improving system reliability. The output power of a single laser ranges from 50-200W, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency greater than 60% and a divergence angle less than 1mrad. Microchannel liquid cooling is used for heat dissipation.

[0082] Each laser unit can independently control the output power, with a power adjustment range of 10%-100%, an adjustment response time of less than 10ms, and a power stability fluctuation of less than 1%, achieving precise power distribution control according to needs.

[0083] Compared with traditional single high-power laser transmitters, the coherent laser array of the present invention can improve the system output beam quality by more than 30%, extend the effective transmission distance by more than 40%, and significantly improve the system reliability and adaptability.

[0084] Furthermore, adaptive beam shaping systems, such as Figure 3 As shown, to address the problem of beam quality degradation during transmission, the present invention designs an adaptive beam shaping system, which mainly includes:

[0085] Deformable mirror (31): A piezoelectrically driven continuously deformable mirror with over 200 independently controllable points on its surface, enabling high-precision wavefront control. The effective aperture is 50-100 mm, the surface deformation range is ±10 μm, the response frequency is greater than 1 kHz, and the surface morphology accuracy reaches λ / 20.

[0086] Wavefront sensor (32): A high-speed wavefront sensor based on the Shack-Hartmann principle, with a sampling rate exceeding 1000 Hz, capable of capturing wavefront distortion in real time. The number of sampling points is 16×16 or higher, with a wavefront measurement accuracy of λ / 40 and a dynamic range greater than 100λ.

[0087] Closed-loop control algorithms, such as Figure 3 As shown, the feedback controller (33) uses a predictive control algorithm based on deep learning to predict atmospheric turbulence changes through historical data analysis and make compensation adjustments in advance. The processing delay is less than 0.5ms, the control cycle is 1-2ms, and the computing platform uses a high-performance FPGA.

[0088] Regional wavefront control: The beam wavefront is independently controlled in different regions, and differentiated compensation is performed based on the characteristics of different regions to improve the overall beam quality.

[0089] Environmental Adaptive Mode: The system has built-in beam distortion models for a variety of typical environmental conditions and can automatically select the optimal compensation strategy based on the current environment.

[0090] Workflow such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the system continuously monitors the outgoing beam wavefront quality; analyzes real-time wavefront distortion characteristics; calculates the optimal mirror morphology; drives the deformable mirror to adjust to the target shape; verifies the adjustment results and enters the next control cycle. The system uses a closed-loop control algorithm to automatically adjust the deformable mirror's surface morphology based on beam quality information fed back by the receiver to maintain optimal transmission conditions. In adverse weather conditions (such as fog, rain, and snow), the system can improve transmission efficiency by over 20%, significantly enhancing its all-weather capability.

[0091] Composite beam guiding structures, such as Figure 4 As shown, in order to solve the problem of difficult alignment of traditional LPT systems, the present invention adopts a new composite beam guiding structure, combining a traditional optical lens group (41) and a MEMS reflector array (42), and its main technical features include:

[0092] Double-layer guidance mechanism: the first-level guidance uses a focus-adjustable lens group to achieve a wide range of coarse adjustment (±5°), and the second-level guidance uses a fast-response MEMS mirror array to achieve precise fine adjustment (accuracy better than 0.01mrad). Figure 4 As shown, the optical lens group (41) comprises a plurality of aspheric lenses and a zoom mechanism, with an aperture of 100-150 mm, a focal length range of 500-2000 mm (adjustable), a field of view angle of ±5°, a transmittance greater than 98%, and a focusing mechanism driven by a stepper motor with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

[0093] Multimodal target tracking: e.g. Figure 4 As shown, the visual tracking system (43) combines infrared imaging and laser scanning technology to achieve all-weather, all-directional identification and tracking of the receiving end, with a tracking distance of up to 1000 meters. The main components include an infrared camera, a laser rangefinder, and an image processing unit. The field of view is 120° horizontally and 60° vertically. The target recognition distance is greater than 1000m, the tracking accuracy is 0.1mrad, and the update frequency is greater than 30Hz.

[0094] Vibration isolation structure: Adopts active-passive composite vibration isolation system to effectively isolate external vibration interference, and the static stability is better than 0.1μrad.

[0095] Fast response control: FPGA-based high-speed control system with a system response time of less than 1ms, capable of responding to sudden disturbances in real time.

[0096] Automatic re-acquisition of target function: When beam alignment is temporarily lost, the system can quickly re-acquire the target and resume energy transmission through preset algorithms.

[0097] Workflow such as Figure 4 As shown: In the initial stage, the visual tracking system searches for the receiving end in a large range; target confirmation confirms the target identity through multi-feature matching; in the coarse adjustment stage, the optical lens group is adjusted to roughly point the light beam to the target; in the fine adjustment stage, the MEMS reflector accurately controls the light beam direction; tracking maintenance continuously monitors the target position and dynamically adjusts the light beam direction.

[0098] The composite beam guidance structure significantly improves the system's adaptability in complex environments, enabling the system to maintain stable energy transmission under conditions such as platform shaking and atmospheric disturbances, achieving a static pointing accuracy better than 0.1 mrad and a dynamic pointing accuracy better than 0.5 mrad at a wind speed of 5 m / s. It can also maintain stable alignment under platform vibration conditions (frequency <10 Hz, amplitude <5 mm).

[0099] Multi-structure photoelectric conversion array, such as Figure 5 As shown, the photoelectric conversion efficiency at the receiving end is a key factor affecting the overall system efficiency. The present invention designs a new multi-structure photoelectric conversion array, the main features of which include:

[0100] Gradient structure design: According to the energy distribution characteristics of the laser spot, the receiving surface is divided into a central high-energy area and a peripheral low-energy area, and photoelectric conversion units of different materials and structures are used for each area. Figure 5 As shown, the central high-efficiency GaAs photoelectric conversion unit (51) is located in the high-intensity area at the center of the light spot, and the peripheral silicon-based photoelectric conversion units (52-left, 52-right) are located in the low-intensity area at the edge of the light spot.

[0101] Composite material selection: The central area uses a high-efficiency GaAs multi-junction photoelectric conversion unit (conversion efficiency > 45%), and the peripheral area uses a silicon-based photoelectric conversion unit (low cost and wide adaptability to light intensity range). The applicable light intensity range of the central high-efficiency GaAs photoelectric conversion unit is 10-100W / cm 2 The operating wavelength range is 700-900nm, the response time is less than 1μs, and the temperature coefficient is -0.1% / ℃; the applicable light intensity range of the peripheral silicon-based photoelectric conversion unit is 0.1-20W / cm 2 , the operating wavelength range is 400-1100nm, the response time is less than 10μs, and the temperature coefficient is -0.3% / ℃.

[0102] Array intelligent interconnection: Dynamically adjust the electrical connection between units based on real-time light distribution to maximize overall output efficiency. Figure 5 As shown, the photoelectric conversion units in different regions are electrically connected to form an optimized circuit structure.

[0103] Microchannel liquid cooling: Figure 5 As shown, the built-in heat dissipation system (53) adopts a microchannel liquid cooling system to keep the photoelectric conversion unit in the optimal operating temperature range (25±5°C) to prevent the efficiency from decreasing due to high temperature. The heat dissipation method is microchannel liquid cooling, the coolant is deionized water plus antifreeze, the flow rate is 0.5-2L / min (adjusted according to power), the temperature control range is 25±5°C, and the heat dissipation capacity is greater than 500W / cm 2 .

[0104] Surface microstructure treatment: The receiving surface adopts special micro-nanostructure treatment to reduce surface reflection loss and improve light energy absorption rate. The surface adopts nano-anti-reflection coating with a reflectivity of less than 2%.

[0105] Double-sided utilization technology: Thermoelectric conversion elements are integrated on the back side, and the heat generated during the photoelectric conversion process is used for secondary energy recovery to further improve the overall efficiency.

[0106] Array overall parameters: The total area is typically 100-400cm 2 The receiving unit is arranged as a central GaAs unit accounting for 40% and a peripheral silicon-based unit accounting for 60%. The protective cover is made of high-transmittance tempered glass with a transmittance greater than 99%. The total conversion efficiency is greater than 40% on average under standard conditions.

[0107] Experiments have shown that this multi-structure photoelectric conversion array is more than 15% more efficient than a traditional single-structure photoelectric conversion unit and maintains high stability under varying lighting conditions. The efficiency improvement is particularly significant under conditions of uneven light intensity distribution.

[0108] Intelligent energy management systems, such as Figure 6 As shown, in order to solve the problem of matching different load demands with energy supply fluctuations, the present invention designs an intelligent energy management system, whose main components and functions are as follows:

[0109] Energy regulation module (61): uses a wide-range input DC-DC converter to achieve adaptive adjustment for different input voltages and powers, and outputs a stable standard voltage (5V / 12V / 24V optional). The input voltage range is 5-60V, the output voltage options are 5V / 12V / 24V / 48V (configurable), the maximum output power is 5kW, the conversion efficiency is greater than 95%, the voltage stability is ±0.5%, and the response time is less than 1ms.

[0110] High-efficiency energy storage unit (62): Using supercapacitor and lithium battery hybrid energy storage technology, it achieves a combination of high power density and high energy density, providing a stable and continuous energy supply for the load. The storage technology uses supercapacitor and lithium battery hybrid energy storage. The capacity configuration depends on the application requirements. The typical value is 1-10kWh. The maximum charge and discharge power can reach 10kW in a short time. The cycle life is greater than 10,000 times (80% capacity retention), and the self-discharge rate is less than 3% / month.

[0111] Load Management Module (63): Intelligently allocates energy resources based on load characteristics and priorities, ensuring that critical loads are given priority. Supports resistive, capacitive, and inductive loads, and supports up to 10 independent control channels, with a maximum power of 2kW per channel. Priority management is a 4-level priority setting, and overload protection includes overcurrent, overvoltage, and short-circuit protection.

[0112] Energy monitoring and prediction: Continuously monitor energy input and consumption, predict short-term energy demand and supply changes through algorithms, and adjust system parameters in advance. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the system realizes the coordination between modules through the microcontroller.

[0113] Multi-mode operation strategy: The system has multiple operation strategies such as normal mode, energy-saving mode, emergency mode, etc., which can be switched automatically or manually according to actual conditions.

[0114] Fault diagnosis and protection: Real-time monitoring of key system parameters, identification of potential fault risks, and activation of protection mechanisms when necessary to ensure equipment safety.

[0115] like Figure 6 As shown, the intelligent energy management system connects various functional modules through control signals to achieve efficient energy distribution and management. Energy flows from the input end into the energy regulation module (61). After processing, part of it is directly supplied to the load management module (63), and the other part is stored in the energy storage unit (62). When the energy input is insufficient, the energy storage unit can provide backup energy to the load management module.

[0116] The intelligent energy management system greatly improves the adaptability and reliability of the system, enabling it to cope with changing demands in various complex application scenarios.

[0117] Example 3 is the third embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first two embodiments in that:

[0118] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an array system is formed by multiple phase-locked semiconductor lasers. Through precise phase control, the lasers are kept coherent to achieve high-quality beam output. Key technical features include:

[0119] Feedback phase locking technology is used to control the phase difference between multiple lasers to less than λ / 10, and the locking stability can last for more than 10 hours under standard conditions. The phase control system uses a high-speed closed-loop optoelectronic feedback mechanism to ensure the phase synchronization of each laser.

[0120] The operating wavelength is the 800-1100nm near-infrared band, which is within the atmospheric window region and has good penetration. It also matches the peak response of high-efficiency photoelectric conversion materials, balancing transmission and conversion efficiencies. The system can dynamically adjust the optimal operating wavelength within this range according to different environmental conditions.

[0121] The tightly packed hexagonal array structure maximizes the fill factor and increases the output power density per unit area. The standard configuration is a 7×7 or 10×10 array with a cell pitch of 10mm. This meets thermal management requirements while maintaining high output density, with a total output power of up to 20kW.

[0122] Each laser unit is independently packaged and controlled, with electrical and thermal isolation between units to ensure that a single unit failure does not affect the entire system. Each unit is equipped with independent drive circuits, temperature control, and light intensity monitoring. The unit output power ranges from 50-200W, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency exceeds 60%.

[0123] Each laser unit can independently control the output power (within the range of 10%-100%), with a response time of less than 10ms and a power stability fluctuation of less than 1%, achieving precise control of the beam energy distribution.

[0124] The beneficial effect of this preferred technical solution is that the overall output beam quality is improved by more than 30% (coherent combination makes M 2 The parameter has been reduced from the traditional >2 to <1.5); the effective transmission distance has been extended by more than 40% (from the traditional 350 meters to 500 meters); the system reliability has been significantly improved (MTBF has been increased from 5000 hours to 15000 hours); the working stability has been enhanced (power fluctuation has been reduced from ±5% to ±1%); the adaptability is strong (it can operate stably in the temperature range of -20℃ to +50℃); the system loss has been reduced by 25% (the heat dissipation demand has been reduced and the overall efficiency has been improved).

[0125] Traditional LPT systems typically use fixed-parameter optical elements for adaptive beam shaping, making them unable to cope with dynamic influences such as atmospheric turbulence and thermal deformation during transmission. This results in a significant decrease in beam quality and energy dispersion during long-distance transmission. Some improved systems employ simple adaptive optics technology, but due to limitations in control accuracy and response speed, they struggle to effectively cope with rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, especially in inclement weather, where performance degrades significantly. Traditional wavefront sensing and control technologies often suffer from large closed-loop delays and limited control accuracy.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high-performance adaptive beam shaping system is designed, which uses real-time wavefront detection and high-precision deformable mirror compensation technology, mainly including:

[0127] It uses a piezoelectrically driven continuously deformable mirror with more than 200 independently controllable points on its surface, an effective aperture of 50-100mm, a surface deformation range of ±10μm, a response frequency exceeding 1kHz, and a surface morphology accuracy of λ / 20, which can achieve precise compensation of complex wavefronts.

[0128] The high-speed wavefront sensor adopts the Shack-Hartmann principle, with a sampling rate exceeding 1000Hz, a sampling point number of 16×16 or higher, a wavefront measurement accuracy of λ / 40, and a dynamic range greater than 100λ, which can accurately capture tiny wavefront changes during beam transmission.

[0129] Combining traditional PID control with deep learning prediction algorithms, an atmospheric turbulence model is established to achieve predictive compensation for wavefront distortion. Processing latency is less than 0.5ms, and the control cycle is 1-2ms. The computing platform utilizes a high-performance FPGA for fast response and precise control.

[0130] The entire beam wavefront is divided into multiple independent regions, and personalized compensation strategies are implemented according to the characteristics of each region. This solves the problem that traditional overall compensation cannot cope with local distortion and improves the system's ability to adjust complex wavefronts.

[0131] The system has built-in beam distortion models for a variety of typical environmental conditions (sunny, foggy, rainy, etc.). It uses sensors to identify the current environmental status and automatically selects the optimal compensation strategy, reducing adjustment time and improving adaptability.

[0132] The beneficial effect of this preferred technical solution is that, under standard atmospheric conditions, the beam quality parameter M 2 It has been reduced from the traditional 2.0 to 1.2; the beam energy concentration has been increased by 35%, and the far-field spot diameter has been reduced by 30%; the transmission efficiency under adverse weather conditions (such as light fog and light rain) has been increased by more than 20%; the system response time has been shortened from the traditional 10ms to less than 1ms; the compensation capability range has been expanded by 3 times (the compensable wavefront distortion amplitude has been increased from 5λ to 15λ); it can adapt to environmental changes in real time, and its all-weather working capability has been significantly enhanced; the beam stability has been improved, and the flicker index has been reduced from 0.5 to below 0.1.

[0133] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a composite beam guiding structure is used. Existing methods use traditional LPT systems, which usually use a single mechanical rotating reflector or a simple optical lens group for beam pointing control, which makes it difficult to take into account both large-scale adjustment and high-precision control at the same time. When facing moving targets or complex environments, these systems often have problems such as insufficient pointing accuracy, slow response speed, and weak anti-interference ability. Especially under conditions of platform vibration, target movement or atmospheric disturbance, it is easy to cause alignment failure, affect energy transmission efficiency, and even cause transmission interruption. The visual tracking systems in the prior art often have problems such as limited recognition distance and poor adaptability.

[0134] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a composite beam guiding structure is designed, which combines a dual-layer guiding mechanism of lens group coarse adjustment and MEMS mirror fine adjustment with a high-performance visual tracking system. The main technical features include:

[0135] The primary guidance system uses a focus-adjustable lens assembly for wide-range coarse adjustment (±5°), while the secondary guidance system utilizes a fast-response MEMS mirror array for precise fine adjustment (accuracy better than 0.01 mrad). The lens assembly, comprised of multiple aspheric lenses and a zoom mechanism, has an aperture of 100-150mm, an adjustable focal length range of 500-2000mm, and a transmittance greater than 98%. The MEMS mirror array utilizes a capacitive drive with a response time of less than 100μs and a reflectivity greater than 99.5%.

[0136] The visual tracking system integrates a high-resolution visible light camera, a thermal imaging camera, and a laser rangefinder to achieve all-weather, omnidirectional identification and tracking of the receiving end. The system boasts a field of view of 120° horizontally and 60° vertically, a target recognition range exceeding 1000m, a tracking accuracy of 0.1mrad, and an update frequency exceeding 30Hz. Using a deep learning algorithm for target feature extraction and matching, it can accurately identify targets even in complex backgrounds.

[0137] It adopts an active-passive composite vibration isolation system, including a passive vibration isolation damping platform and an active piezoelectric drive fine-tuning mechanism. The isolation frequency range is 1-100Hz, the attenuation ratio reaches 20dB, and it effectively isolates external vibration interference. The static stability is better than 0.1μrad.

[0138] The FPGA-based high-speed control system has a data processing delay of less than 0.5ms and a closed-loop control cycle of 1ms, enabling real-time response to sudden disturbances. The system uses a predictive control algorithm to analyze target motion patterns and adjust beam pointing in advance, reducing tracking lag.

[0139] When beam alignment is temporarily lost, the system memorizes the target's last position and trajectory, combined with a spiral search algorithm, to reacquire the target in the shortest possible time. The average target reacquisition time is less than 2 seconds, with a success rate greater than 95%.

[0140] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are: static pointing accuracy is improved from the traditional 1mrad to 0.1mrad; dynamic tracking capability is significantly enhanced, with dynamic pointing accuracy better than 0.5mrad at a wind speed of 5m / s; stable alignment can be maintained under platform vibration conditions (frequency <10Hz, amplitude <5mm); system response time is shortened from the traditional 50ms to less than 1ms; target recognition distance and accuracy are greatly improved (recognition distance >1000m); all-weather working capability is enhanced, and high-precision tracking can still be maintained at night and in low-light environments; the system's anti-interference ability is improved, and it can effectively resist external factors such as light changes and weather changes.

[0141] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a multi-structure photoelectric conversion array is used. Existing methods employ conventional LPT systems, which typically utilize a single-material and structure photoelectric conversion unit at the receiving end, such as a single-material solar cell or photodiode array. While this design is structurally simple, it suffers from serious drawbacks: it struggles with uneven light intensity distribution (the light intensity at the center is much higher than at the edges), a single material struggles to achieve efficient full-band conversion, and it is prone to overheating at high power densities, leading to decreased efficiency. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is generally low (generally no more than 30%). Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion units in existing technologies are sensitive to changes in lighting conditions, experience large efficiency fluctuations in complex environments, and struggle to maintain stable output.

[0142] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an innovative multi-structure photoelectric conversion array is designed. Photoelectric conversion units of different materials and structures are used according to the energy distribution characteristics of the laser spot. The main technical features include:

[0143] The receiving surface is divided into a central high-energy zone and a peripheral low-energy zone based on energy distribution characteristics, each employing photoelectric conversion units of different materials and structures. The central high-energy zone uses GaAs multi-junction photoelectric conversion units suitable for high light intensity, while the peripheral low-energy zone uses silicon-based photoelectric conversion units with lower costs and wider adaptability, achieving overall resource optimization.

[0144] The central area adopts high-efficiency GaAs multi-junction photoelectric conversion unit (conversion efficiency>45%), and the applicable light intensity range is 10-100W / cm 2 , the operating wavelength range is 700-900nm; the peripheral area adopts silicon-based photoelectric conversion unit, and the applicable light intensity range is 0.1-20W / cm 2 , the operating wavelength range is 400-1100nm. The two materials complement each other and cover a wider range of light intensity and wavelength.

[0145] The innovative electrical connection method dynamically adjusts the series and parallel relationships between units based on real-time light distribution and each unit's output characteristics, achieving optimal electrical matching and maximizing overall output efficiency. The system uses a microcontroller to monitor each unit's output in real time and a solid-state relay array to enable flexible circuit reconfiguration.

[0146] Built-in high-efficiency heat dissipation system, using micro-channel liquid cooling technology, with large heat exchange area, low fluid resistance and good cooling uniformity. The heat dissipation system can handle power density up to 500W / cm 2 The heat load is reduced to ensure that the photoelectric conversion unit is in the optimal operating temperature range (25±5℃) to prevent the efficiency from decreasing due to high temperature.

[0147] The receiving surface uses a nanoscale anti-reflection coating and microstructure treatment to reduce surface reflection losses, increase the effective path of light waves in the material, and improve light energy absorption. The surface reflectivity is controlled below 2%, which is 5-8% lower than traditional structures.

[0148] A thermoelectric conversion element is integrated on the back of the photovoltaic cell, utilizing the heat generated during the photovoltaic conversion process for secondary energy recovery, improving overall energy efficiency. The thermoelectric conversion cell utilizes high-performance Bi2Te3 material, providing an additional 5-8% energy gain.

[0149] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are: the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased from the traditional 25-30% to more than 40%; the adaptability to uneven light intensity distribution is significantly enhanced (it can still work efficiently when the light intensity ratio reaches 100:1); the heat dissipation capacity is greatly improved, and the operating temperature is stabilized at 25±5°C; the system life is extended from 10,000 hours to 30,000 hours; the efficiency drop under high light intensity is reduced from the traditional 20% to less than 5%; the stability is improved when the lighting conditions change (efficiency fluctuation is reduced from ±15% to ±3%); the total energy utilization rate is improved (photoelectric + thermoelectric composite utilization); the receiving area utilization rate is increased by 30% (from the traditional 60% to 90%).

[0150] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, an intelligent energy management system is used. Existing methods for energy management through traditional LPT systems often use simple linear regulators or basic DC-DC converters, which lack intelligent distribution and optimized utilization of energy. These systems have difficulty maintaining stable output when faced with input power fluctuations, changes in load demand, etc., which can easily lead to energy waste or insufficient supply. In addition, the existing technology lacks effective energy storage and dynamic adjustment mechanisms, and the system has weak anti-disturbance capabilities, making it difficult to cope with changes in demand in complex application scenarios. The low efficiency of the energy management system is also one of the important factors that restrict the overall system performance.

[0151] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an intelligent energy management system is designed. The present invention designs an efficient intelligent energy management system, which adopts advanced power electronics technology and intelligent control algorithms. The main technical features include:

[0152] This wide-range input synchronous rectification DC-DC converter adapts to varying input voltages and powers, delivering a stable, standard output voltage. The input voltage range is 5-60V, with configurable output voltage options of 5V / 12V / 24V / 48V. Maximum output power is 5kW, with conversion efficiency exceeding 95%, voltage stability of ±0.5%, and response time less than 1ms. Advanced digital control technology enables soft switching and zero-voltage switching, reducing switching losses and electromagnetic interference.

[0153] This hybrid energy storage system utilizes supercapacitor and lithium battery hybrid energy storage technology, combining the strengths of each. Supercapacitors offer high power density (>10kW / kg) and fast response, while lithium batteries provide high energy density (>200Wh / kg) and long-term power supply. The hybrid energy storage system automatically switches operating modes based on real-time power demand, ensuring a continuous and stable energy supply. The system boasts a cycle life exceeding 10,000 cycles (with 80% capacity retention) and a self-discharge rate of less than 3% per month.

[0154] A multi-level load priority allocation strategy enables intelligent allocation of energy resources. The system supports up to 10 independent control channels, with a maximum power of 2kW per channel and four levels of load priority. The load management module features multiple protections, including soft start, overload protection, and short-circuit protection, ensuring safe operation under abnormal conditions.

[0155] A high-precision sensor network monitors voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters at each point in the system. Combining historical data with load characteristic models, a machine learning algorithm is used to predict short-term (1-30 minutes) energy demand and supply changes. With a prediction accuracy exceeding 90%, system parameters can be adjusted in advance to optimize energy distribution.

[0156] The system automatically selects the most suitable operating mode based on the actual application scenario: Normal mode: balances energy efficiency and performance; Energy-saving mode: maximizes energy utilization and extends operating time; High-performance mode: prioritizes output performance and is suitable for high load demands; Emergency mode: prioritizes power supply to critical loads and maximizes the operating time of core functions.

[0157] Example 4, with reference to Figure 7 The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission method, comprising:

[0158] like Figure 7As shown in the figure, the system workflow can be divided into initialization stage, target positioning stage, energy transmission stage and status monitoring stage.

[0159] Initialization phase: The system performs a power-on self-test to verify the working status of each functional module; preheats and calibrates the laser array to ensure stable working status; initializes the optical system parameters and sets default parameters; establishes a communication link between the transmitter and receiver; and loads environmental parameters and historical data.

[0160] Target positioning stage: The visual tracking system identifies the position of the receiving end; the optical lens group is coarsely adjusted to roughly point the light beam toward the target; a low-power detection beam is sent to verify that the optical path is unobstructed; the MEMS mirror is precisely aligned with an error controlled within 0.1 mrad; and the receiving end feedbacks alignment status information.

[0161] Energy transmission phase: The laser array power gradually increases from 10% to the set power; the adaptive beam shaping system is activated to compensate for beam distortion in real time; the receiving-end photoelectric conversion array converts laser energy into electrical energy; the intelligent energy management system regulates, stores and distributes electrical energy; and the transmission efficiency and safety parameters are continuously monitored.

[0162] Status monitoring phase: Real-time monitoring of key parameters of the transmitter and receiver; analysis of transmission efficiency, environmental interference, and system status; dynamic adjustment of system parameters based on monitoring results; detection of potential risks and abnormal conditions; and implementation of parameter optimization or safety protection measures when necessary.

[0163] A feedback loop exists between each stage of the system, with information from the status monitoring phase feeding back to other stages, enabling dynamic system optimization. The system also features a safety emergency shutdown circuit that quickly and safely shuts down the system if an abnormality is detected.

[0164] It should be noted that by constructing a multi-element coherent laser array and employing phase-locking technology to produce high-quality, low-divergence laser beams, combined with wavelength optimization and array layout, the system effectively improves the energy density and stability of long-distance laser transmission. The system integrates an adaptive beam shaping module, which dynamically corrects laser beam distortion based on real-time wavefront monitoring and deformable mirror compensation, maintaining beam quality in complex environments such as haze and atmospheric disturbances. A composite guidance structure combines a coarse adjustment lens with a MEMS fine adjustment array, coupled with a target tracking unit, to achieve dynamic precision pointing below milliradians, enhancing the system's interference resistance under vibration and obstruction. The receiving end utilizes a gradient-distributed, multi-structured photoelectric conversion array to respond to varying energy density regions. High-efficiency GaAs cells are used in the center, while silicon-based cells are used at the edges, resulting in high overall conversion efficiency and excellent thermal stability. The energy management module further stabilizes, stores, and delivers received power on demand. It also incorporates electrical protection features such as overvoltage and overcurrent protection to support a variety of load types. The system as a whole introduces a phased workflow control strategy, building a complete closed-loop operation architecture from initialization self-test, target identification, path verification to dynamic energy transmission and status monitoring; at the same time, it is equipped with power ramp control, path safety monitoring, biological intrusion detection and emergency shutdown mechanisms, which not only ensure the safety of high-power lasers but also improve the automation and intelligence level of the system. It is suitable for wireless power supply applications in complex environments with high requirements for high efficiency, safety and long-distance stable transmission.

[0165] Traditional LPT systems typically employ simple linear workflows and lack comprehensive system-level coordination and optimization. These systems often lack effective information exchange and coordination mechanisms between functional modules, resulting in independent operation of each component of the overall system, hindering its full potential. Particularly in complex environments, the lack of dynamic adjustment and adaptive capabilities significantly impacts system performance. Existing technologies often separate system initialization, target positioning, energy transmission, and status monitoring, lacking closed-loop feedback and dynamic optimization mechanisms.

[0166] Preferred technical solution: This invention designs a highly integrated system workflow and adopts a multi-stage closed-loop control strategy to achieve coordinated work among all parts of the system. The main technical features include:

[0167] Initialization phase: After the system is powered on, it performs a comprehensive self-test to verify the working status of each functional module; the laser array is preheated and self-calibrated to ensure stable beam output characteristics; the optical system parameters are optimized and initialized according to environmental conditions; a two-way communication link is established between the transmitter and receiver to confirm the system readiness; and environmental parameters and historical operating data are loaded at the same time to provide a reference for subsequent operations.

[0168] Target positioning phase: The visual tracking system initiates multi-band scanning to identify potential receiving-end features within a wide field of view. After confirming the target, the lens group makes coarse adjustments to roughly point the light beam toward the target area. A low-power (safe power level) detection beam is sent to verify that the optical path is unobstructed. The MEMS mirror system initiates a precise alignment procedure and, through closed-loop feedback iteration, controls the beam pointing error to within 0.1 mrad. After the receiving end detects the alignment beam, it sends a confirmation signal and alignment quality assessment data.

[0169] Energy transmission phase: The system adopts a progressive power ramp-up strategy. The laser array power starts at 10% and gradually increases to the set power in preset steps to ensure safety and control throughout the entire process. The adaptive beam shaping system is activated throughout the process, compensating for beam distortion in real time to maintain optimal beam quality. The photoelectric conversion array at the receiving end converts laser energy into electrical energy and provides conversion efficiency feedback. The intelligent energy management system dynamically adjusts the energy distribution strategy based on load demand and input power conditions to ensure stable power supply to critical loads. The system continuously monitors transmission efficiency and safety parameters, establishes closed-loop control, and maintains optimal performance.

[0170] Status Monitoring Phase: The system establishes a comprehensive parameter monitoring network to collect key parameters of the transmitter and receiver in real time, including temperature, vibration, input / output power, beam quality, alignment accuracy, etc.; it uses data fusion technology to comprehensively analyze transmission efficiency, environmental interference and system status to generate a system health assessment report; based on the monitoring results, the system automatically performs parameter fine-tuning, including laser power adjustment, beam shape optimization, thermal management strategy update, etc.; at the same time, the system continuously detects potential risks and abnormal conditions, and performs parameter optimization or activates safety protection measures when necessary to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system.

[0171] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are: the system startup time is shortened from the traditional 3-5 minutes to less than 30 seconds; the target positioning success rate is increased from 90% to more than 99.5%; the stability of energy transmission is significantly enhanced (output power fluctuation is reduced from ±5% to ±1%); the system's adaptability is greatly improved, and it can automatically adjust parameters in response to environmental changes; full-process closed-loop control realizes continuous optimization of system performance; the synergy between various functional modules improves the overall system efficiency by more than 15%; the system robustness is enhanced, and the automatic recovery capability in abnormal situations is improved; safety is greatly improved, and a multi-level protection mechanism ensures safe operation of the system throughout the process.

[0172] As a high-power laser system, safety is an important consideration. This invention has designed a multi-level safety assurance system, which mainly includes:

[0173] Laser power ramp-up: The system uses progressive power adjustment from low to high power during startup to ensure safety throughout the process. Power starts at 10% and gradually increases to the target power in preset steps.

[0174] Beam path monitoring: Multiple monitoring points are set up along the transmission path to monitor the beam status in real time and promptly address any anomalies. Monitoring indicators include beam intensity, position, and morphology parameters.

[0175] Target Confirmation Mechanism: Multiple target confirmation algorithms are used to ensure that laser light is transmitted only to the designated receiving device, preventing accidental irradiation. Confirmation methods include feature recognition, code verification, and position comparison.

[0176] Emergency Shutdown System: A multi-level emergency shutdown mechanism is set up to safely shut down the system in milliseconds when a potential hazard is detected. Safety emergency shutdown circuits are integrated throughout the entire system.

[0177] Bio-intrusion detection: Bio-intrusion detection systems are installed around the transmission path, automatically reducing power or shutting down the system when a possible bio-intrusion is detected. Detection methods include thermal imaging, motion monitoring, and shape recognition.

[0178] Environmental Condition Monitoring: Continuously monitors ambient conditions (such as visibility and wind speed) and automatically adjusts system parameters when conditions are unsuitable for high-power transmission. Monitoring items include meteorological parameters, atmospheric turbulence intensity, and background light interference.

[0179] It should be noted that the safety assurance system, as an independent core component of the entire laser-based long-distance wireless fiber-optic energy transmission system, forms a transversely intersecting functional layer within the overall system architecture, working in conjunction with all other modules to ensure system safety during high-power laser transmission. The safety system is closely integrated with the coherent laser array, controlling the laser's power ramp and monitoring its operating status to prevent abnormal output or quality degradation. It collaborates with the adaptive beam shaping system to monitor wavefront quality to ensure the absence of high-energy-density hotspots and provide emergency beam spreading in the event of control failure. It works with the composite beam steering structure to ensure beam pointing to authenticated and legitimate targets and monitor pointing accuracy. Through a bidirectional communication link with the multi-structure optoelectronic conversion array, it monitors the receiving end's status and verifies its identity. It also interacts with the intelligent energy management system to ensure the absence of hazardous conditions during energy distribution and monitor the status of the energy storage unit. The safety assurance system is involved in every stage of the entire workflow, from initialization and target positioning to energy transmission and status monitoring, ensuring safe system operation.

[0180] The safety assurance system is designed as a standalone module because it needs to be separated from the main functional system to ensure that the safety mechanism can continue to operate normally even if the main system fails. At the same time, the safety system needs to monitor and protect all other system modules. Furthermore, high-power laser systems are often subject to strict safety regulations, requiring a dedicated safety system to meet certification requirements. As a complete laser wireless energy transmission system, safety assurance is as important as energy generation, transmission, and reception. While not directly involved in energy generation and transmission, it ensures the safety and controllability of the entire process.

[0181] Traditional LPT system safety measures are often simplistic, relying primarily on basic safeguards like power limiting and hardware interlocks, lacking a comprehensive, multi-layered safety system. These systems, when faced with complex application environments, lack sufficient security risk management capabilities, particularly in predicting potential risks and providing dynamic protection. While some existing technologies employ simple safety cutoff mechanisms, these often exhibit slow response times and inaccurate judgments, making them incapable of meeting the safety requirements of high-power laser systems. Furthermore, the lack of comprehensive monitoring of transmission paths is a significant drawback of existing technologies.

[0182] This invention designs a comprehensive multi-layered security system that combines active and passive protection. Its main technical features include:

[0183] The system utilizes a carefully designed power ramp-up curve, starting at 10% starting power and gradually increasing to the target power in pre-set steps. Before each power ramp-up, the system verifies the stability and safety of the current state to ensure full control. The power ramp-up rate is controlled to no more than 5% of the target power per second, providing ample time for system status monitoring and adjustments.

[0184] Strategically located monitoring points along the transmission path, equipped with high-speed light intensity sensors, imaging systems, and scatter detectors, monitor the beam's status in real time, including intensity distribution, positional deviations, and morphological changes. Monitoring data is updated at a 1kHz frequency, and any anomalies (such as a sudden increase in beam scattering intensity or deviation from the preset trajectory) trigger appropriate safety measures.

[0185] A multi-verification target confirmation strategy combines three complementary methods: image feature recognition, coded signal exchange, and position comparison. This ensures that laser light is transmitted only to authenticated and legitimate receivers. The system requires at least two authentication methods to be passed simultaneously before energy transmission begins, and continuously verifies the receiver's identity during transmission to prevent target substitution or spoofing.

[0186] Multi-level emergency shutdown circuits are deployed at key system nodes, including the laser transmitter control unit, beam shaping module, and power monitoring unit. Emergency shutdown signals can be activated by a variety of trigger sources, including abnormal parameter detection, manual operation, and communication interruption. The system's shutdown response time is less than 10ms, and the shutdown process follows a pre-set safety sequence to ensure no additional risks.

[0187] A highly sensitive bio-detection system is deployed around the transmission path, integrating infrared thermal imaging, LiDAR, and computer vision technologies to enable 24 / 7 monitoring of potential bio-organisms (especially humans). The system's detection range covers a safe area around the beam (depending on laser power, typically 3-5 meters around the beam), with a detection speed of less than 100ms. Once a potential bio-intrusion is identified, the system will take measures such as reducing power or completely shutting down, depending on the risk level.

[0188] The system is equipped with a comprehensive network of environmental monitoring sensors, including visibility sensors, anemometers, hygrometers, and atmospheric turbulence detectors, to continuously assess surrounding conditions. When conditions unsuitable for high-power laser transmission (such as fog, strong winds, or heavy rain) are detected, the system automatically adjusts operating parameters or initiates protection procedures. Environmental parameters are updated at a 10Hz frequency, and the system dynamically adjusts the maximum allowable power and safety margin based on real-time data.

[0189] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are: the system safety level is upgraded from the industrial laser standard to the medical laser standard; the shutdown time under abnormal circumstances is shortened from the traditional 100ms to less than 10ms; the energy density of the light beam leakage is strictly controlled below the eye safety standard (Class 1 level); the accuracy rate of preventing mis-irradiation reaches 99.99%, ensuring that the light beam is only transmitted to the preset target; the sensitivity and accuracy of biological intrusion detection are greatly improved (detection distance>10m, recognition accuracy>95%); environmental adaptability is enhanced, and the system can automatically adjust safety parameters according to environmental conditions; multiple protection mechanisms form a complete safety network, eliminating the risk of single point failure; system safety and reliability are improved, and the risk of safety accidents is reduced by 99%; operator safety training requirements are reduced, and the system can be safely operated by non-professionals; it meets the highest safety level requirements of the international laser product safety standard IEC 60825-1.

[0190] This preferred technical solution offers the following benefits: It utilizes self-diagnostic technology to monitor key system parameters in real time, establishes a fault signature database, and detects potential faults through pattern recognition algorithms. The system incorporates a multi-level protection mechanism that allows for preventive measures before a fault occurs, or for rapid isolation of problem areas when a fault does occur, ensuring overall system safety.

[0191] The energy regulation efficiency has been increased from the traditional 85% to over 95%; the system's adaptability to input fluctuations has been significantly enhanced (output fluctuations are <±0.5% when the input changes by ±50%); the load response time has been shortened from the traditional 10ms to less than 1ms; the overall energy utilization rate of the system has been increased by 20%; the energy storage system response time is less than 10μs, which can effectively smooth power fluctuations; hybrid energy storage technology has achieved a combination of high power density and large capacity; intelligent load management can dynamically adjust the working mode according to energy availability; system reliability has been significantly improved, and the average trouble-free working time has been increased from 5,000 hours to 15,000 hours.

[0192] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system, characterized by: include, A transmitter system for converting electrical energy into laser light, wherein the transmitter system generates and directs an output laser beam through an integrated laser emission, wavefront regulation, and pointing control mechanism; A transmission channel, used to transmit the laser beam to a receiving end in a long-distance environment and maintain the stability of the transmission path; The receiving end system is used to receive the laser beam, output electrical energy through photoelectric conversion, and manage and distribute the generated electrical energy.

2. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmitter system includes multiple functional modules, which include at least a power supply module for power supply, a drive control unit for control, and several execution modules for laser energy generation, shaping and guidance control; The functional modules operate in coordination with each other through the driving control unit to achieve overall control of the laser emission direction, quality and power.

3. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 2, wherein: The execution module for laser energy generation includes a plurality of semiconductor lasers and a phase control module for phase-locking the plurality of semiconductor lasers to output coherent laser light.

4. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 3, wherein: The execution module for shaping includes a deformable mirror and a wavefront sensor. The deformable mirror is used to adjust the laser wavefront shape, and the wavefront sensor is used to collect wavefront distortion information and provide feedback data.

5. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The execution module for guidance control includes an optical lens group and a MEMS mirror array. The optical lens group is used to perform coarse adjustment of the laser beam direction, and the MEMS mirror array is used to achieve high-precision fine-tuning control.

6. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The receiving end system includes a multi-structure photoelectric conversion array, which includes a GaAs photoelectric conversion unit arranged in a central area and a silicon-based photoelectric conversion unit arranged in an edge area. The photoelectric conversion units are arranged in a gradient structure and are electrically connected to form an integrated output structure for adapting to laser energy densities in different regions.

7. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The receiving end system also includes an energy management system, which includes an energy regulation module, an energy storage module and a load management module; Each module is connected to the power supply channel through signals, and is used to stabilize, store and supply on demand the electrical energy after photoelectric conversion.

8. The long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functional modules of the transmitter system include a target tracking unit and a drive control unit. The target tracking unit includes an infrared image acquisition component, a laser ranging component and an image processing component, which are used to identify and continuously track the position of the receiving end. The drive control unit establishes a communication connection with the execution modules related to laser emission, shaping and guidance, and is used to coordinate and adjust the laser beam parameters according to the tracking information.

9. A control method for a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system, using a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Perform self-tests on the functional modules in the transmitter and receiver systems, and complete laser array preheating and parameter initialization; Collect the receiving end position information through the target tracking unit; The optical lens group in the execution module of the control guidance control adjusts the laser emission direction to achieve coarse direction adjustment; Controlling the MEMS mirror array in the steering control execution module to perform direction fine-tuning; An execution module for controlling the generation of laser energy outputs a laser beam; The shaping execution module is controlled to adjust the laser beam wavefront; Control the photoelectric conversion array at the receiving end to receive laser light and output electrical energy; Control the intelligent energy management system at the receiving end to regulate and distribute electrical energy; Monitor the system operating status and adjust parameters based on the monitoring results.

10. The control method of a long-distance wireless optical fiber energy transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control method includes a safety assurance step, wherein the safety assurance step includes controlling the execution module for generating laser energy to gradually increase the output power according to a set power curve; Detect the intensity, position and wavefront shape of the laser beam through the path monitoring module; Verify the identity of the receiving end through the target confirmation module; When an abnormal state is detected, the emergency shutdown module is controlled to stop laser output or reduce output power; When a living organism is detected in the laser path, the laser output is stopped or switched to a low power mode; Adjust the laser output parameters according to the detection results of the environmental monitoring module.

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