Power supply

Abstract

A power supply comprises a first auxiliary winding, a second auxiliary winding, a first power supply circuit and a second power supply circuit. The first power supply circuit comprises a first rectifying circuit and a first voltage stabilizing circuit. The second power supply circuit comprises a second rectifying circuit and a second voltage stabilizing circuit. The first auxiliary winding and the second auxiliary winding supply power to the primary side controller through a first rectifying circuit and a first voltage stabilizing circuit of the first power supply circuit; or the first auxiliary winding supplies power to the primary side controller through a second rectifying circuit and a second voltage stabilizing circuit of the second power supply circuit. According to the power supply, the controller is powered by matching the two auxiliary windings with the two voltage stabilizing circuits, so that the overall loss can be reduced and dispersed, and the selected specifications of parts are further reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply, and more particularly to a power supply suitable for supplying power to a primary-side controller within a wide output voltage range. Background Art

[0002] As the performance of electronic products continues to improve, the demand for battery capacity and adapter power of electronic products is gradually increasing. In order to expand the maximum output power of the adapter, the Universal Serial Bus Developer Forum launched the PD3.1 charging specification in mid-2021. Compared with the output voltage range of 5 volts to 20 volts in the PD 3.0 charging specification, the PD3.1 charging specification added three output voltages of 28 volts, 36 volts, and 48 volts. The aforementioned output voltage will be proportional to the voltage on the auxiliary winding, and the auxiliary winding is usually used to power the primary-side controller, which means that the highest voltage on the auxiliary winding (for example, 48 volts) and the lowest voltage (for example, 5 volts) are 9.6 times higher, which far exceeds the power supply voltage range of the general primary-side controller.

[0003] To meet the controller's supply voltage range over a wide output voltage range, dual auxiliary windings are traditionally used in conjunction with a single voltage regulator circuit to power the primary-side controller. In this architecture, the number of turns of one of the dual auxiliary windings must be sufficiently small (e.g., 2 turns) to provide a supply voltage (e.g., 23.1 volts) to the primary-side controller via this auxiliary winding when the output voltage is 48 volts. On the other hand, the total number of turns of the dual auxiliary windings must be sufficiently large (e.g., 11 turns) to provide a supply voltage (e.g., 18.4 volts) to the primary-side controller via the dual auxiliary windings and the voltage regulator circuit when the output voltage ranges from 5 volts to 36 volts. In this case, due to the large number of turns required, the peak voltage of the dual auxiliary windings increases at higher output voltages, resulting in a significant voltage drop across the voltage regulator circuit. Consequently, the supply current flowing through the voltage regulator circuit can cause significant losses. For example, if the output voltage is 28V, the peak voltage of the dual auxiliary windings is 91V, and the power supply voltage provided to the controller by the dual auxiliary windings through the voltage regulator circuit is 18.4V, the voltage drop across the voltage regulator circuit will be 71.7V. Therefore, a supply current of 10mA flowing through the voltage regulator circuit will cause a loss of 0.717W. For another example, if the output voltage is 36V, the peak voltage of the dual auxiliary windings is 117V, and the power supply voltage provided to the controller by the dual auxiliary windings through the voltage regulator circuit is 18.4V, the voltage drop across the voltage regulator circuit will be 97.7V. Therefore, a supply current of 10mA flowing through the voltage regulator circuit will cause a loss of 0.977W.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an auxiliary winding circuit to solve the above problems is an important issue in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure provides a power supply. The power supply includes a first auxiliary winding, a second auxiliary winding, a first power supply circuit, and a second power supply circuit. The first end of the first auxiliary winding is electrically connected to the ground end. The first end of the second auxiliary winding is electrically connected to the second end of the first auxiliary winding. The first power supply circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the second auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller. The first power supply circuit includes a first rectifier circuit and a first voltage regulator circuit. The second power supply circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the first auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller. The second power supply circuit includes a second rectifier circuit and a second voltage regulator circuit. The first auxiliary winding and the second auxiliary winding supply power to the primary-side controller via the first rectifier circuit and the first voltage regulator circuit of the first power supply circuit; or the first auxiliary winding supplies power to the primary-side controller via the second rectifier circuit and the second voltage regulator circuit of the second power supply circuit.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first voltage regulator circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the second auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller. When a first input voltage generated by coupling induction between the first auxiliary winding and the second auxiliary winding exceeds the sum of a first clamping voltage, a negative value of a first threshold voltage, and a voltage drop across the first rectifier circuit, the first voltage regulator circuit is configured to clamp the input voltage to the first voltage.

[0007] In some embodiments, the second voltage regulator circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the first auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller. When a second input voltage generated by the first auxiliary winding through coupled induction exceeds the sum of a second clamping voltage, a negative value of a second threshold voltage, and a voltage drop across the second rectifier circuit, the second voltage regulator circuit is configured to clamp the second input voltage to a second voltage.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second voltage is greater than the first voltage.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first rectifier circuit includes a first diode. A first end of the first diode is electrically connected to a second end of the second auxiliary winding. The power supply further includes a first smoothing capacitor. A first end of the first smoothing capacitor is electrically connected to a second end of the first diode, and a second end of the first smoothing capacitor is electrically connected to ground.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first voltage stabilizing circuit includes a first voltage stabilizing switch and a first voltage stabilizing diode. The first end of the first voltage stabilizing switch is electrically connected to the second end of the first diode, and the second end of the first voltage stabilizing switch is electrically connected to the primary-side controller. The first voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected between the control end of the first voltage stabilizing switch and a ground end.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second rectifier circuit includes a second diode. A first end of the second diode is electrically connected to the second end of the first auxiliary winding. The power supply also includes a second smoothing capacitor. A first end of the second smoothing capacitor is electrically connected to the second end of the second diode, and a second end of the second smoothing capacitor is electrically connected to ground.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second voltage stabilizing circuit includes a second voltage stabilizing switch and a second voltage stabilizing diode. A first terminal of the second voltage stabilizing switch is electrically connected to a second terminal of the second diode, and the second terminal of the second voltage stabilizing switch is electrically connected to the primary-side controller. The second voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected between a control terminal of the second voltage stabilizing switch and a system voltage terminal.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the first output voltage of the first power supply circuit is greater than the second output voltage of the second power supply circuit, the second power supply circuit is turned off. When the voltage output by the first power supply circuit is less than the voltage output by the second power supply circuit, the first power supply circuit is turned off.

[0014] In some embodiments, the number of turns of the first auxiliary winding is greater than the number of turns of the second auxiliary winding.

[0015] In summary, the power supply disclosed herein uses dual auxiliary windings in conjunction with two voltage regulator circuits to power the controller. This expands the operating voltage range of the controller powered by the second auxiliary winding and the second voltage regulator circuit, and correspondingly reduces the operating voltage range of the controller powered by the first auxiliary winding and the first voltage regulator circuit. This reduces and distributes overall losses, further reducing component specifications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent and understandable, the accompanying drawings are described as follows:

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage stabilizing circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 4A The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outa Schematic diagram of the operation of the auxiliary winding circuit;

[0021] Figure 4B The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outbSchematic diagram of the operation of the auxiliary winding circuit;

[0022] Figure 4C The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outc Schematic diagram of the operation of the auxiliary winding circuit;

[0023] Figure 4D The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outd Schematic diagram of the operation of the auxiliary winding circuit;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026]

Explanation of symbols

[0027] To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent and understandable, the accompanying symbols are explained as follows:

[0028] 100, 200, 300: Power supply

[0029] 110: Primary side circuit

[0030] 120: Secondary side circuit

[0031] 125: Auxiliary winding circuit

[0032] 130: First power supply circuit

[0033] 131,141: Rectifier circuit

[0034] 132,142: Voltage stabilization circuit

[0035] 140: Second power supply circuit

[0036] 150: Primary side controller

[0037] Np: primary winding

[0038] Ns: Secondary winding

[0039] NaH, NaL: Auxiliary winding

[0040] TX: Transformer

[0041] C VCC :capacitance

[0042] V CC :Power supply voltage

[0043] V i :Input voltage

[0044] V out :Output voltage

[0045] V ds ,V ds1 ,V ds2 ,V z ,V z1 ,V z2 :cross pressure

[0046] ZD, ZD1, ZD2: Zener diodes

[0047] Q,Q1,Q2,Q b1 ,Q b2 ,Q c1 ,Q c2 : Voltage Regulator Switch

[0048] R,R1,R2,R b1 ,R b2 ,R c1 ,R c2 :resistance

[0049] D1, D2: diodes

[0050] C1, C2: capacitors

[0051] V gs ,V o ,V C1 ,V C2 ,V outa ,V outb ,V outc ,V outd :Voltage

[0052] R L :load DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following examples are described in detail with accompanying illustrations. However, the examples provided are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, and the description of the structural operation is not intended to limit the order of execution. Any device with equivalent functionality resulting from the reconfiguration of the components is within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, the illustrations are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale. To facilitate understanding, identical or similar components will be designated with the same reference numerals throughout the following description.

[0054] Unless otherwise noted, terms used throughout this specification and claims generally have their ordinary meanings as used in the art, within the context of this disclosure, and within the specific context. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like, as used herein, are open-ended terms meaning "including, but not limited to," and "and / or" as used herein encompass any and all combinations of one or more of the listed items.

[0055] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the power supply 100 includes a primary-side circuit 110, a secondary-side circuit 120, a transformer TX, an auxiliary winding circuit 125, and a primary-side controller 150. In some embodiments, the transformer TX includes a primary-side winding Np, a secondary-side winding Ns, and auxiliary windings NaH and NaL. In some embodiments, the primary-side controller 150 is used to control the on / off state of the power switch of the primary-side circuit 110 to release and store energy in the primary-side winding Np, thereby transferring energy to the secondary-side winding Ns and generating an output voltage V through the secondary-side winding Ns and the secondary-side circuit 120. out In some embodiments, the auxiliary windings NaH and NaL output a voltage V out To generate an input voltage to the auxiliary winding circuit 125 .

[0056] In some embodiments, the auxiliary winding circuit 125 includes a first power supply circuit 130, a second power supply circuit 140, and a capacitor C VCC In some embodiments, the auxiliary windings NaH and NaL provide a power supply voltage V through the first power supply circuit 130 of the auxiliary winding circuit 125. CC or the auxiliary winding NaL provides a power supply voltage V to the second power supply circuit 140 through the auxiliary winding circuit 125; CC to the primary-side controller 150 .

[0057] Architecturally, the auxiliary windings NaH and NaL, along with the first power supply circuit 130, are electrically connected in series between the ground terminal and the power supply terminal of the primary-side controller. The auxiliary winding NaL and the second power supply circuit 140 are electrically connected in series between the ground terminal and the power supply terminal of the primary-side controller. Specifically, the first end of the auxiliary winding NaL is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the second end of the auxiliary winding NaL is electrically connected to the first end of the auxiliary winding NaH. The first power supply circuit 130 is electrically connected between the second end of the auxiliary winding NaH and the power supply terminal of the primary-side controller. The second power supply circuit 140 is electrically connected between the second end of the auxiliary winding NaL and the power supply terminal of the primary-side controller.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first power supply circuit 130 includes a rectifier circuit 131 and a voltage regulator circuit 132. In some embodiments, the rectifier circuit 131 and the voltage regulator circuit 132 are electrically connected in series between the second end of the auxiliary winding NaH and the power supply terminal of the primary-side controller. In some embodiments, the second power supply circuit 140 includes a rectifier circuit 141 and a voltage regulator circuit 142. In some embodiments, the rectifier circuit 141 and the voltage regulator circuit 142 are electrically connected in series between the second end of the auxiliary winding NaL and the power supply terminal of the primary-side controller.

[0059] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out When the output voltage V out When the voltage is higher than a predetermined voltage, the power supply 100 supplies power to the primary-side controller 150 through the auxiliary winding NaL and the rectifier circuit 141 and the voltage regulator circuit 142 of the second power supply circuit 140 .

[0060] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a voltage stabilizing circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, Figure 1 The circuit structure of the voltage stabilizing circuits 132 and 142 corresponds to Figure 2 In some embodiments, the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a voltage stabilizing diode ZD, a voltage stabilizing switch Q, and a resistor R. In some embodiments, the first end of the voltage stabilizing diode ZD is used to receive an input voltage V i , and the second end of the Zener diode ZD is used to provide a voltage V oIn some embodiments, the control terminal of the voltage regulator switch Q is electrically connected to the first terminal of the voltage regulator diode ZD, and the second terminal of the voltage regulator diode ZD is electrically connected to the ground terminal. In some embodiments, if the voltage at the control terminal of the voltage regulator switch Q is less than the clamping voltage of the voltage regulator diode ZD, the voltage regulator diode ZD is in the off state, so that the voltage V o It is essentially equal to the voltage at the control end of the voltage regulator switch Q and the voltage V gs At this time, the voltage across the Zener diode ZD is V z In some embodiments, when the voltage across the gate and source of the voltage regulator switch Q is equal to the critical voltage, the voltage regulator switch Q is turned off. Therefore, the voltage V o It is substantially equal to the difference between the voltage at the control terminal of the voltage regulating switch Q and the critical voltage of the voltage regulating switch Q.

[0061] In some embodiments, if the voltage at the control terminal of the voltage regulator switch Q is greater than the clamping voltage of the voltage regulator diode ZD, the voltage regulator diode ZD is in the on state, so that the voltage V o It is essentially equal to the clamping voltage of the Zener diode ZD and the voltage V gs At this time, the voltage across the Zener diode ZD is V z =Equal to the clamping voltage of the Zener diode ZD. In some embodiments, when the voltage across the gate and source of the Zener switch Q is equal to the critical voltage, the Zener switch Q is turned off. Therefore, the voltage V o It is substantially equal to the difference between the clamping voltage of the Zener diode ZD and the critical voltage of the Zener switch Q.

[0062] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the secondary side circuit 120 includes a switch S3, an output capacitor C O and load R L In some embodiments, the secondary side circuit 120. In some embodiments, the switch S3 has a low on-resistance and is used to rectify the output of the secondary side circuit 120. In some embodiments, the rectifier circuit 131 includes a diode D1.

[0063] In some embodiments, a first end of diode D1 is electrically connected to a second end of auxiliary winding NaH, and a second end of diode D1 is electrically connected to voltage regulator circuit 132. In some embodiments, diode D1 is used to rectify the voltage generated by inductive coupling between auxiliary windings NaL and NaH. In some embodiments, the voltage drop across rectifier circuit 131 is 0.9 volts. In some embodiments, the voltage drop across diode D1 is 0.9 volts.

[0064] In some embodiments, a first end of diode D2 is electrically connected to a second end of auxiliary winding NaL, and a second end of diode D2 is electrically connected to voltage regulator circuit 142. In some embodiments, diode D2 is used to rectify the voltage generated by inductive coupling in auxiliary winding NaL. In some embodiments, the voltage drop across rectifier circuit 141 is 0.9 volts. In some embodiments, the voltage drop across diode D2 is 0.9 volts.

[0065] In some embodiments, the power supply 100 further includes smoothing capacitors C1 and C2. In some embodiments, the smoothing capacitor C1 is electrically connected between the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 131 and the ground terminal to smooth the rectified voltage output by the rectifier circuit 131. In some embodiments, the smoothing capacitor C2 is electrically connected between the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 141 and the ground terminal to smooth the rectified voltage output by the rectifier circuit 141.

[0066] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator circuit 132 includes a voltage regulator switch Q1, a voltage regulator diode ZD1, and a resistor R1. In some embodiments, the clamping voltage of the voltage regulator diode ZD1 is 17 volts. In some embodiments, the threshold voltage of the voltage regulator switch Q1 is -1.4 volts. In some embodiments, the connection relationship and operation method of the voltage regulator switch Q1, the voltage regulator diode ZD1, and the resistor R1 in the voltage regulator circuit 132 are the same as / similar to Figure 2 The connection relationship and operation mode of the voltage stabilizing switch Q, the voltage stabilizing diode ZD and the resistor R in the voltage stabilizing circuit are not described in detail here.

[0067] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator circuit 142 includes a voltage regulator switch Q2, a voltage regulator diode ZD2, and a resistor R2. In some embodiments, the clamping voltage of the voltage regulator diode ZD2 is greater than the clamping voltage of the voltage regulator diode ZD1. In some embodiments, the clamping voltage of the voltage regulator diode ZD2 is 19 volts. In some embodiments, the threshold voltage of the voltage regulator switch Q2 is -1.4 volts. In some embodiments, the connection relationship and operation of the voltage regulator switch Q2, the voltage regulator diode ZD2, and the resistor R2 in the voltage regulator circuit 142 are the same as / similar to Figure 2 The connection relationship and operation mode of the voltage regulator switch Q, voltage regulator diode ZD and resistor R in the voltage regulator circuit, and the voltage regulator diode ZD1 cross voltage V z1 And the voltage across the Zener diode ZD2 V z2 Corresponding to Figure 2 In the embodiment, the voltage across the Zener diode ZD is V z , I will not go into details here.

[0068] See also Figures 1 to 4A , Figure 4Ais the output voltage V of the power supply according to an embodiment of the present disclosure out is the voltage V outa Schematic diagram of the operation of the auxiliary winding circuit 125. In some embodiments, the voltage V outa In some embodiments, the voltage V outa is 5 volts.

[0069] In some embodiments, the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaH is greater than the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaL. In some embodiments, the turns ratio of the auxiliary winding NaH to the auxiliary winding NaL is less than 5. In some examples, the turns ratio of the auxiliary winding NaH to the auxiliary winding NaL is less than 3. In some examples, the turns ratio of the auxiliary winding NaH to the auxiliary winding NaL is equal to 2.25. In some examples, the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaH is 9 turns, and the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaL is 4 turns. In the subsequent embodiments, the auxiliary winding NaH with 9 turns and the auxiliary winding NaL with 4 turns will be used for explanation. In some embodiments, assuming that the output voltage V out The auxiliary winding NaL induces the output voltage V out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 5V (eg, the voltage V N1 ), and the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH output the voltage V through coupling induction out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 16.3 volts.

[0070] Theoretically, when the input voltage generated by the auxiliary winding NaL (e.g., the peak voltage is 5V) minus the voltage drop of the diode D2 (e.g., 0.9V), the potential at the first end of the smoothing capacitor C2 is 4.1V. Since 4.1V is less than the voltage drop of the Zener diode Z D2 The difference (eg, 20.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 19 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q2 is the difference (eg, 20.4 volts). D2 Without clamping, the output of the second power supply circuit 140 is 4.1 volts. On the other hand, the input voltage generated by the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH (e.g., peak voltage of 16.3 volts) minus the voltage drop of the diode D1 (e.g., 0.9 volts) results in a potential of 15.4 volts at the first terminal of the smoothing capacitor C1. Since 15.4 volts is less than the voltage drop of the Zener diode Z D1 The difference (eg, 18.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 17 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q1 is the difference (eg, 18.4 volts). D1 Without clamping, the output of the first power supply circuit 130 is 15.4 volts.

[0071] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out When the power voltage V is equal to 5V, since the power voltage output by the first power supply circuit 130 is greater than the power voltage output by the second power supply circuit 140, the first power supply circuit 130 will supply power to the primary side controller 150 (for example, the power voltage V CC 15.4 volts), and the diode D2 of the second power supply circuit 140 is turned off due to the reverse bias. In some embodiments, since the power voltage output by the first power supply circuit 130 is transmitted back to the second end of the diode D2 via the voltage regulator switch Q2, the diode D2 of the second power supply circuit 140 is turned off due to the reverse bias.

[0072] In some embodiments, the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaH is greater than the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaL. In some embodiments, the turns ratio of the auxiliary winding NaH to the auxiliary winding NaL is less than 5. In some examples, the turns ratio of the auxiliary winding NaH to the auxiliary winding NaL is less than 3. In some examples, the turns ratio of the auxiliary winding NaH to the auxiliary winding NaL is equal to 2.25. In some examples, the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaH is 9, and the number of turns of the auxiliary winding NaL is 4. In the following embodiments, the auxiliary winding NaH with 9 turns and the auxiliary winding NaL with 4 turns will be described.

[0073] See also Figures 1 to 4B , Figure 4B The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outb In some embodiments, the voltage V outb In some embodiments, the voltage V outb 9 or 15 volts.

[0074] In some embodiments, assuming that the output voltage V out The auxiliary winding NaL induces the output voltage V out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 9 volts (eg, the voltage V N1 ), and the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH output the voltage V through coupling induction out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 29.3 volts.

[0075] Theoretically, when the input voltage generated by the auxiliary winding NaL (for example, the peak voltage is 9 volts) minus the voltage drop of the diode D2 (for example, 0.9 volts), the potential at the first end of the smoothing capacitor C2 is 8.1 volts. Since 8.1 volts is less than the voltage drop of the Zener diode Z D2The difference (eg, 20.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 19 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q2 is the difference (eg, 20.4 volts). D2 Without clamping, the output of the second power supply circuit 140 is 8.1 volts. On the other hand, the input voltage generated by the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH (e.g., the peak voltage is 29.3 volts) minus the voltage drop of the diode D1 (e.g., 0.9 volts), the potential at the first end of the smoothing capacitor C1 is 28.4 volts. Since 28.4 volts is greater than the voltage drop of the Zener diode Z D1 The difference (eg, 18.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 17 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q1 is the difference (eg, 18.4 volts). D1 In the on state for clamping, the output of the first power supply circuit 130 is 18.4 volts (Zener diode Z D1 In other words, when the input voltage generated by the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH through coupled induction (for example, a peak voltage of 29.3 volts) exceeds the voltage regulator diode Z D1 When the clamping voltage (e.g., 17 volts), the negative value of the threshold voltage (e.g., -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q1 and the voltage drop (e.g., 0.9 volts) of the rectifier circuit 131 are added, the voltage regulator circuit 132 is used to clamp the input voltage to a first voltage (e.g., 18.4 volts).

[0076] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out When the power voltage V is equal to 9V, since the power voltage output by the first power supply circuit 130 is greater than the power voltage output by the second power supply circuit 140, the first power supply circuit 130 will supply power to the primary side controller 150 (for example, the power voltage V CC 18.4 volts), and the diode D2 of the second power supply circuit 140 is turned off due to the reverse bias. In some embodiments, since the power voltage output by the first power supply circuit 130 is transmitted back to the second end of the diode D2 via the voltage regulator switch Q2, the diode D2 of the second power supply circuit 140 is turned off due to the reverse bias.

[0077] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out Equal to V outb When , the potentials of some nodes of the power supply circuit 100 can be represented by the following Table 1.

[0078] <![CDATA[V outb (V)]]> 9 15 <![CDATA[V C1 (V)]]> 28.4 47.9 <![CDATA[V C2 (V)]]> 18.4 18.4 <![CDATA[V CC (V)]]> 18.4 18.4 <![CDATA[V ds1 ]]> 10 29.5

[0079] Table 1

[0080] As can be seen from Table 1 above, when the output voltage V out Equal to Voutb When the voltage regulator switch Q1 cross voltage V ds1 Quite small, assuming the supply current is 10 mA, the output voltage V out When the voltage is 9V and 15V respectively, the loss of the voltage stabilizing circuit 130 is 0.010W and 0.295W respectively, thereby reducing the overall power consumption.

[0081] See also Figures 1 to 4C , Figure 4C The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outc In some embodiments, the voltage V outc is not less than a preset voltage value (eg, 20 volts). In some embodiments, the voltage V outc is 20 volts.

[0082] In some embodiments, assuming that the output voltage V out The auxiliary winding NaL induces the output voltage V out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 20V (eg, the voltage V N1 ), and the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH output the voltage V through coupling induction out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 65 volts.

[0083] Theoretically, when the input voltage generated by the auxiliary winding NaL (e.g., peak voltage of 20V) minus the voltage drop of the diode D2 (e.g., 0.9V), the potential at the first end of the smoothing capacitor C2 is 19.1V. Since 19.1V is less than the voltage drop of the Zener diode Z D2 The difference (eg, 20.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 19 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q2 is the difference (eg, 20.4 volts). D2 Without clamping, the output of the second power supply circuit 140 is 19.1 volts. On the other hand, the input voltage generated by the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH (for example, a peak voltage of 65 volts) minus the voltage drop of the diode D1 (for example, 0.9 volts) results in a potential of 64.1 volts at the first terminal of the smoothing capacitor C1. Since 64.1 volts is greater than the voltage drop of the Zener diode Z D1 The difference (eg, 18.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 17 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q1 is the difference (eg, 18.4 volts). D1 In the on state for clamping, the output of the first power supply circuit 130 is 18.4 volts (Zener diode Z D1 The difference between the clamping voltage and the critical voltage of the voltage regulator switch Q1).

[0084] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out When the power voltage V is equal to 20V, since the power voltage output by the first power supply circuit 130 is lower than the power voltage output by the second power supply circuit 140, the second power supply circuit 140 will supply power to the primary side controller 150 (for example, the power voltage V CC 19.1 volts), and the voltage regulator switch Q1 of the first power supply circuit 140 is turned off. In some embodiments, because the power voltage output by the second power supply circuit 140 is transmitted back to the second terminal of the voltage regulator switch Q1, the voltage regulator switch Q1 of the first power supply circuit 130 is turned off because the voltage between its gate terminal and source terminal is less than the threshold voltage.

[0085] See also Figures 1 to 4D , Figure 4D The output voltage of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is voltage V outd In some embodiments, the voltage V outd is not less than a preset voltage value (eg, 20 volts). In some embodiments, the voltage V outd 28 volts, 36 volts or 48 volts.

[0086] In some embodiments, assuming that the output voltage V out The auxiliary winding NaL induces the output voltage V out The generated input voltage (for example, the voltage V N1 ) is 28 volts, and the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH induce the output voltage V out The peak voltage of the generated input voltage is 91 volts.

[0087] Theoretically, when the input voltage generated by the auxiliary winding NaL (e.g., peak voltage of 28V) minus the voltage drop of the diode D2 (e.g., 0.9V), the potential at the first terminal of the smoothing capacitor C2 is 27.1V. Since 27.1V is greater than the voltage regulator diode Z D2 The difference (eg, 20.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 19 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q2 is the difference (eg, 20.4 volts). D2 The output of the second power supply circuit 140 is 20.4 volts (Zener diode Z D2 In other words, when the input voltage generated by the auxiliary winding NaL through coupled induction (for example, a peak voltage of 28V) exceeds the voltage regulator diode Z D2When the voltage regulator circuit 142 is configured to clamp the input voltage to a second voltage (e.g., 20.4 volts) when the sum of the clamping voltage (e.g., 19 volts), the negative value of the threshold voltage of the voltage regulator switch Q2 (e.g., -1.4 volts), and the voltage drop across the rectifier circuit 141 (e.g., 0.9 volts) is calculated, the voltage regulator circuit 142 is configured to clamp the input voltage to a second voltage (e.g., 20.4 volts). In some embodiments, the second voltage (e.g., 20.4 volts) output by the voltage regulator circuit 142 through voltage clamping is greater than the first voltage (e.g., 18.4 volts) output by the voltage regulator circuit 142 through voltage clamping. On the other hand, the voltage generated by the auxiliary windings NaL and NaH (e.g., a peak voltage of 91 volts) minus the voltage drop across the diode D1 (e.g., 0.9 volts) results in a voltage of 90.1 volts at the first terminal of the smoothing capacitor C1. Since 90.1 volts is greater than the voltage drop across the voltage regulator diode Z D1 The difference (eg, 18.4 volts) between the clamping voltage (eg, 17 volts) and the threshold voltage (eg, -1.4 volts) of the voltage regulator switch Q1 is the difference (eg, 18.4 volts). D1 In the on state for clamping, the output of the first power supply circuit 130 is 18.4 volts (Zener diode Z D1 The difference between the clamping voltage and the critical voltage of the voltage regulator switch Q1).

[0088] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out When the power voltage V is equal to 28V, since the power voltage output by the first power supply circuit 130 is lower than the power voltage output by the second power supply circuit 140, the second power supply circuit 140 will supply power to the primary side controller 150 (for example, the power voltage V CC 20.4 volts), and the voltage regulator switch Q1 of the first power supply circuit 130 is turned off. In some embodiments, because the power voltage output by the second power supply circuit 140 is transmitted back to the second terminal of the voltage regulator switch Q1, the voltage regulator switch Q1 of the first power supply circuit 130 is turned off because the voltage between its gate terminal and source terminal is less than the threshold voltage.

[0089] In some embodiments, the output voltage V out Equal to V outd , the potentials of some nodes of the power supply circuit 100 can be represented by the following Table 2.

[0090] <![CDATA[V outd (V)]]> 28 36 48 <![CDATA[V C1 (V)]]> 90.1 116.1 155.1 <![CDATA[V C2 (V)]]> 27.1 35.1 47.1 <![CDATA[V CC (V)]]> 20.4 20.4 20.4 <![CDATA[V ds2 ]]> 6.7 14.7 26.7

[0091] Table 2

[0092] As can be seen from Table 2 above, when the output voltage V out Equal to V outd When the voltage regulator switch Q2 crosses the voltage V ds2 Relatively small, assuming the supply current is 10 mA, the output voltage V outWhen the output voltage is 28V, 36V, and 48V, the power loss of the voltage regulator circuit 140 is 0.067W, 0.147W, and 0.267W, respectively, thereby reducing the overall power consumption and distributing the power consumption over a wide output voltage range.

[0093] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 The voltage regulator switches Q1 and Q2 in the power supply 100 are implemented by depletion field effect transistors. Figure 5 The voltage regulator switch Q of the power supply 200 b1 and Q b2 is implemented by an enhancement mode field effect transistor and the resistor R is set accordingly b1 and R b2 It can achieve the same / similar functions as the power supply 100. In some embodiments, the connection relationship and operation mode of the remaining components of the power supply 200 are similar to the connection relationship and operation mode of the remaining components of the power supply 100, and will not be repeated here.

[0094] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 The voltage regulator switches Q1 and Q2 in the power supply 100 are implemented by depletion field effect transistors. Figure 5 The voltage regulator switch Q of the power supply 200 c1 and Q c2 is implemented by a bipolar junction transistor and the resistor R is set accordingly c1 and R c2 It can achieve the same / similar functions as the power supply 100. In some embodiments, the connection relationship and operation mode of the remaining components of the power supply 300 are similar to the connection relationship and operation mode of the remaining components of the power supply 100, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] In summary, the power supplies 100, 200, and 300 of the present disclosure utilize dual auxiliary windings and two voltage regulator circuits to power the controller. This expands the operating voltage range of the controller powered by the second auxiliary winding and the second voltage regulator circuit, and correspondingly reduces the operating voltage range of the controller powered by the first auxiliary winding and the first voltage regulator circuit. This reduces and distributes overall losses, further reducing component specifications.

[0096] Although the present disclosure has been disclosed above in the form of embodiments, this is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power supply, characterized in that: include: a first auxiliary winding, a first end of which is electrically connected to a ground end; a second auxiliary winding, a first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the first auxiliary winding; a first power supply circuit electrically connected between the second end of the second auxiliary winding and a primary-side controller, wherein the first power supply circuit includes a first rectifier circuit and a first voltage stabilizing circuit; and A second power supply circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the first auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller, wherein the second power supply circuit includes a second rectifier circuit and a second voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein: The first auxiliary winding and the second auxiliary winding supply power to the primary-side controller via the first rectifier circuit and the first voltage stabilizing circuit of the first power supply circuit; or The first auxiliary winding supplies power to the primary-side controller via the second rectifier circuit and the second voltage stabilizing circuit of the second power supply circuit.

2. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein: The first voltage regulator circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the second auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller. When a first input voltage generated by the first auxiliary winding and the second auxiliary winding through coupling induction exceeds the sum of a first clamping voltage, a negative value of a first threshold voltage, and a voltage drop of the first rectifier circuit, the first voltage regulator circuit is configured to clamp the first input voltage to a first voltage.

3. The power supply according to claim 2, wherein: The second voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected between the second end of the first auxiliary winding and the primary-side controller. When a second input voltage generated by the first auxiliary winding through coupled induction exceeds the sum of a second clamping voltage, a negative value of a second threshold voltage, and a voltage drop of the second rectifier circuit, the second voltage stabilizing circuit is configured to clamp the second input voltage to a second voltage.

4. The power supply according to claim 3, wherein: The second voltage is greater than the first voltage.

5. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein: The first rectifier circuit includes: a first diode, a first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the second auxiliary winding, and wherein the power supply further comprises: A first smoothing capacitor has a first end electrically connected to the second end of the first diode and a second end electrically connected to the ground.

6. The power supply according to claim 5, wherein: The first voltage stabilizing circuit includes: a first voltage stabilizing switch, a first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the first diode, and a second end of which is electrically connected to the primary-side controller; and A first voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected between the control terminal of the first voltage stabilizing switch and the ground terminal.

7. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein: The second rectifier circuit includes: a second diode, a first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the first auxiliary winding, and wherein the power supply further comprises: A second smoothing capacitor has a first end electrically connected to the second end of the second diode and a second end electrically connected to the ground.

8. The power supply according to claim 7, wherein: The second voltage stabilizing circuit includes: a second voltage stabilizing switch, a first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the second diode, and a second end of which is electrically connected to the primary-side controller; and A second voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected between the control terminal of the second voltage stabilizing switch and the system voltage terminal.

9. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein: When a first output voltage of the first power supply circuit is greater than a second output voltage of the second power supply circuit, the second power supply circuit is turned off; as well as When the voltage output by the first power supply circuit is lower than the voltage output by the second power supply circuit, the first power supply circuit is turned off.

10. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein: The number of turns of the first auxiliary winding is greater than the number of turns of the second auxiliary winding.

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