Multistage acceleration pressure control type double-liquid composite atomizing nozzle with ultrasonic excitation effect

Abstract

The invention relates to a multistage acceleration pressure control type double-liquid composite atomizing nozzle with an ultrasonic excitation effect, and belongs to the technical field of two-phase liquid composite atomizing devices. The fastening end cover is fixedly connected with the end of the nozzle body, the left gland and the right gland are fixedly connected with the fastening end cover, a pressure adjusting shaft of the pressure adjusting device penetrates through the left gland, the right gland and the fastening end cover to enter the nozzle body and is in threaded connection with the left gland and the right gland, and the pressure gauge is fixedly connected with the nozzle body. The device has the advantages that the structure is novel, low-flow-speed air is accelerated to supersonic speed or sound speed within a small scale through the design of the acceleration flow channel, the double-liquid atomization process is accurately controlled in combination with the pressure regulating device, the problems of poor atomization performance and two-phase liquid composite atomization under the low-pressure air supply condition are effectively solved, the atomization effect and cooling efficiency are remarkably improved, and the service life is prolonged. The method can be widely applied to multiple fields in green manufacturing and processing, and has wide market application prospects and good environmental protection performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of two-phase liquid composite atomizing devices, and in particular relates to a multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled two-liquid composite atomizing nozzle with ultrasonic excitation. Background Art

[0002] During liquid atomization, the relative velocity difference between the gas and liquid is a key factor in determining droplet formation and distribution. When high-speed gas and liquid interact, the significant velocity difference generates strong shear forces and turbulent disturbances at the liquid surface, overcoming the liquid's surface tension and causing the liquid to break into fine droplets. Increasing the relative velocity between the gas and liquid directly affects the atomization effect. Increasing the velocity difference between the gas and liquid reduces droplet size and improves atomization uniformity. Conversely, decreasing the velocity difference results in larger droplet size and decreased atomization uniformity.

[0003] Currently, atomization technology generally uses a single-phase liquid input method, relying on increasing the kinetic energy of the liquid supply or increasing the gas pressure (usually requiring a supply pressure of 0.5 to 4 MPa) to improve the atomization effect. This method not only places high demands on the nozzle structure design but also involves significant energy consumption. Furthermore, in actual application, its mode of action is limited, and the atomization effect often fails to meet expectations. To enhance atomization performance and expand its scope of application, dual-liquid composite atomization technology introduces two phases of liquid to achieve synergistic effects. However, its atomization process is difficult to control and the device structure is complex. Existing solutions require the use of segmented atomization, bubble atomization, or liquid collision to improve fragmentation efficiency. Furthermore, multiple air compressors are required to meet the high-pressure gas supply requirements of different liquids, further increasing equipment costs and energy consumption.

[0004] As a typical application of dual-liquid composite atomization, micro-oil film droplet cooling (OoW) has been proposed and developed as a completely green new processing technology, aiming to meet the growing demand for green manufacturing in the industrial sector. However, due to issues such as complex nozzle structure, high system energy consumption, poor integration adaptability, and strict air supply pressure requirements (0.15-3MPa), this technology has seriously restricted its promotion in high-efficiency and high-precision processing scenarios, hindering its further expansion and improvement within the green processing technology system.

[0005] The prior art dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle, such as a single-inlet dual-oil-circuit composite atomizing nozzle with application number CN202210419814.3, includes a nozzle rod and a cap. The nozzle rod includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is provided with a secondary oil channel. The gap between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve constitutes the main oil channel. The cap is sleeved on the oil outlet end of the nozzle rod and is provided with an air inlet, a center hole, and an oblique hole. In actual use, the above solution easily forms a rotating annular flow in the multiple passages of the nozzle rod and the porous structure of the cap, and the liquid drives the gas into the next component. However, due to the complex flow path and unstable swirl state, the gas and liquid are not only prone to backflow and carbon deposition during the movement, but also the collision between the gas and liquid is weak, making it difficult to achieve sufficient mixing and effective fragmentation, which ultimately affects the atomization effect of the nozzle and makes it difficult to achieve the ideal atomization performance requirements.

[0006] Therefore, there is currently a lack of a high-efficiency atomization device that can significantly increase the relative velocity between gas and liquid, enhance the performance of dual-liquid composite atomization, and integrate dual-circuit pressure regulation to achieve the core requirements of dual-liquid composite atomization using a single gas supply and low pressure conditions (≥0.02MPa). In particular, in the application of micro-oil film droplet cooling (OoW) technology, there is an urgent need to develop a device with a simple structure, low energy consumption, and high atomization efficiency to promote the practical application and promotion of this green cooling technology in industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled double-liquid composite atomizing nozzle with ultrasonic excitation to solve the current problem that gas and liquid are not only prone to backflow and carbon deposition during movement, but also have weak collision effect between gas and liquid, making it difficult to achieve sufficient mixing and effective crushing, which ultimately affects the atomization effect of the nozzle and makes it difficult to achieve ideal atomization performance requirements.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is to include a nozzle body, a pressure regulating device, a fastening end cover, a left pressure cover, a right pressure cover and a pressure gauge, wherein the fastening end cover is fixedly connected to the end of the nozzle body, the left pressure cover and the right pressure cover are respectively fixedly connected to the fastening end cover, the pressure regulating shaft of the pressure regulating device passes through the left pressure cover, the right pressure cover and the fastening end cover respectively and enters the nozzle body, and is threadedly connected to the left pressure cover and the right pressure cover, and the pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the nozzle body.

[0009] The nozzle body includes an air inlet, a diverter cavity, a first channel port, a second channel port, a first acceleration chamber, a second acceleration chamber, a first liquid inlet, a second liquid inlet, a first liquid flow channel, a second liquid flow channel, a first atomizing chamber, a second atomizing chamber, a mixing chamber, a rectifying chamber, a spray hole and a pressure measuring interface, wherein the air inlet is connected to the first acceleration chamber and the second acceleration chamber respectively through the first channel port and the second channel port on the diverter cavity, the pressure measuring interfaces are respectively arranged on the outer shells of the first acceleration chamber and the second acceleration chamber, for connecting pressure gauges, the first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet are connected to the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber respectively through the first liquid flow channel and the second liquid flow channel, a mixing chamber is provided at the tail end of the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber, a resonance cavity is provided in the circumferential direction of the tail end of the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is connected to the spray hole through the rectifying chamber.

[0010] The diversion cavity, the first channel opening and the second channel opening are in a T-shaped or Y-shaped structure.

[0011] The first accelerating chamber and the second accelerating chamber respectively form a primary accelerating chamber with the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber; The liquid is connected to the throats of the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber respectively through the first liquid flow channel and the second liquid flow channel, and collides with the gas; Or the liquid is connected to the expansion sections of the first atomization chamber and the second atomization chamber respectively through the first liquid flow channel and the second liquid flow channel, and collides with the gas.

[0012] The rear end cavity of the mixing chamber is a conical side surface, the smaller end of the conical side surface and the front end of the rectifying chamber form a secondary acceleration cavity, the resonant cavity is arranged on the conical side surface, and the rectifying chamber and the nozzle form a funnel-shaped cavity.

[0013] The pressure regulating device is composed of a first pressure regulating device and a second pressure regulating device. The structure and working principle of the first pressure regulating device and the second pressure regulating device are the same, wherein the first pressure regulating device includes a rubber head, a buffer spring, a sealing gasket, a pressure regulating spring, a corrugated diaphragm, a pressure regulating shaft, a fixing nut and a knob. The rubber head is sleeved on the front end of the pressure regulating shaft, the buffer spring, the sealing gasket, the pressure regulating spring and the corrugated diaphragm are sleeved on the pressure regulating shaft at the rear of the rubber head, the fixing nut is fixedly connected to the tail of the pressure regulating shaft, the knob is sleeved on the outside of the fixing nut, the sealing gasket is located in the inner wall of the fastening end cover, the pressure regulating spring and the corrugated diaphragm are located in the outer wall of the fastening end cover, and the pressure regulating shaft is connected to the left pressure cover by fine thread.

[0014] The rubber head is fitted with the first channel opening in an inclined surface form.

[0015] The pneumatic quick-release joint is threadedly connected to the air inlet of the nozzle body.

[0016] The pressure gauge is installed on the pressure measuring interface by means of a threaded connection, and a probe of the pressure gauge is inserted into the first acceleration chamber and the second acceleration chamber.

[0017] The universal support head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the nozzle body through a fixed base, and the universal rotating joint is hinged to the fixed base.

[0018] The advantage of the present invention lies in its novel structure. The two liquids enter from the first and second liquid inlets respectively, and are transported to the first and second atomization chambers through the corresponding liquid flow channels. At the throat of the first-stage acceleration cavity, they collide at high speed with the supersonic gas from the first and second acceleration chambers to achieve initial atomization, which significantly reduces the gas supply pressure requirement; the initially atomized droplets flow into the mixing chamber together under the drive of the axial high-speed airflow, and are further broken and fused by repeatedly hitting the chamber wall to complete the composite atomization.

[0019] The composite atomizer formed in the mixing chamber collides with the resonant cavity structure at high speed, and the droplets obtain good vapor phase excitation under the action of the ultrasonic effect, further enhancing the droplet breakup effect; then, the composite atomizer enters the secondary acceleration cavity. Due to the rapid reduction of the flow space, the composite atomizer undergoes compression and expansion processes in the cavity, and the kinetic energy increases accordingly; the accelerated composite atomizer enters the rectifying cavity and collides with the inner wall of the rectifying cavity multiple times, which further enhances the breakup effect, thereby effectively improving the composite effect and stability of the two-phase liquid droplets.

[0020] The air supply to a single air compressor is subjected to dual-path independent pressure regulation (regulation range 0.01~0.05MPa) through a pressure regulating device. Combined with an acceleration cavity, the gas is accelerated to supersonic speed (>340m / s) on a small scale, and the ultrasonic excitation effect generated by the resonant cavity is used to synergistically promote the breakup and fusion of droplets. This design realizes high-speed differential interaction between gas and liquid under extremely low air supply pressure conditions, and achieves a breakthrough in dual-liquid composite atomization (core-shell structure generation rate >90%). At the same time, it simplifies the device structure and reduces energy consumption by more than 50%. The pressure regulating device enables a single low-power air compressor to meet the dual-liquid composite atomization requirements, which not only reduces the structural complexity of the generating device, but also effectively reduces the energy consumption of the equipment, improves the simplicity of the entire two-phase liquid composite atomization system and the efficiency of spray cooling, and provides an innovative solution for the large-scale application of dual-liquid composite atomization technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Left view of; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A top view of Figure 4 yes Figure 1 AA section view; Figure 5 is an axial view of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 BB cross-sectional view; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 CC cross-sectional view; Figure 8 yes Figure 5 DD cross-sectional view of the resonant cavity; Figure 9 is an exploded view of the pressure regulating device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the composite atomization effect of the oil-water two-phase liquid of the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a simulation comparison of the gas acceleration effects of the acceleration chamber and the contraction chamber of the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a velocity acceleration simulation cloud diagram of the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the double-liquid composite atomization simulation of the internal cavity of the nozzle of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes a nozzle body 1, a pressure regulating device 2, a fastening end cover 3, a left pressure cover 4, a right pressure cover 5, a pneumatic quick-release connector 6, and a pressure gauge 7, wherein the fastening end cover 3 is fixedly connected to the end of the nozzle body 1, the left pressure cover 4 and the right pressure cover 5 are respectively fixedly connected to the fastening end cover 3, the pressure regulating shaft 216 of the pressure regulating device 2 respectively passes through the left pressure cover 4, the right pressure cover 5 and the fastening end cover 3 to enter the nozzle body 1, and is threadedly connected to the left pressure cover 4 and the right pressure cover 5, and the pressure gauge 7 is fixedly connected to the nozzle body 1.

[0024] like Figures 4-8As shown, the nozzle body 1 includes an air inlet 101, a diverter cavity 102, a first channel opening 103, a second channel opening 104, a first accelerating chamber 105, a second accelerating chamber 106, a first liquid inlet 107, a second liquid inlet 108, a first liquid flow channel 109, a second liquid flow channel 110, a first atomizing chamber 111, a second atomizing chamber 112, a mixing chamber 113, a rectifying chamber 115, a nozzle 116 and a pressure measuring interface 117, wherein the air inlet 101 is connected to the first accelerating chamber 101 through the first channel opening 103 and the second channel opening 104 on the diverter cavity 102 respectively. 5 and the second acceleration chamber 106, the pressure measuring interface 117 is respectively provided on the outer shell of the first acceleration chamber 105 and the second acceleration chamber 106, for connecting the pressure gauge 7, the first liquid inlet 107 and the second liquid inlet 108 are respectively connected to the first atomization chamber 111 and the second atomization chamber 112 through the first liquid flow channel 109 and the second liquid flow channel 110, and the tail end of the first atomization chamber 111 and the second atomization chamber 112 is provided with a mixing chamber 113, and a resonant cavity 114 is provided in the circumferential direction of the tail end of the mixing chamber 113, and the mixing chamber 113 is connected to the nozzle 116 through the rectifying chamber 115.

[0025] The diversion cavity 102 , the first channel opening 103 and the second channel opening 104 are in a T-shaped or Y-shaped structure.

[0026] The first accelerating chamber 105 and the second accelerating chamber 106 respectively form a primary accelerating chamber with the first atomizing chamber 111 and the second atomizing chamber 112; The liquid is connected to the throats of the first atomizing chamber 111 and the second atomizing chamber 112 respectively through the first liquid flow channel 109 and the second liquid flow channel 110, and collides with the gas; Alternatively, the liquid is connected to the expansion sections of the first atomization chamber 111 and the second atomization chamber 112 respectively through the first liquid flow channel 109 and the second liquid flow channel 110 , and collides with the gas.

[0027] The rear end cavity of the mixing chamber 113 is a conical side surface, and the smaller end of the conical side surface and the front end of the rectifying chamber 115 constitute a secondary acceleration cavity. The resonant cavity 114 is arranged on the conical side surface, and the rectifying chamber 115 and the nozzle 116 constitute a funnel-shaped cavity.

[0028] like Figure 9As shown, the pressure regulating device 2 is composed of a first pressure regulating device 21 and a second pressure regulating device 22. The functions and working principles of the first pressure regulating device 21 and the second pressure regulating device 22 are the same, wherein the first pressure regulating device 21 includes a rubber head 211, a buffer spring 212, a sealing gasket 213, a pressure regulating spring 214, a corrugated diaphragm 215, a pressure regulating shaft 216, a fixing nut 217 and a knob 218. The rubber head 211 is sleeved on the front end of the pressure regulating shaft 216, and the buffer The impact spring 212, sealing gasket 213, pressure-regulating spring 214, and corrugated diaphragm 215 are mounted on the pressure-regulating shaft 216 at the rear of the rubber head 211. A fixing nut 217 is fixedly connected to the tail end of the pressure-regulating shaft 216. A knob 218 is mounted on the outside of the fixing nut 217. The sealing gasket 213 is located in the inner wall of the fastening end cap 3, and the pressure-regulating spring 214 and corrugated diaphragm 215 are located in the outer wall of the fastening end cap 3. The pressure-regulating shaft 216 is connected to the left gland 4 via a fine-pitch thread. By adjusting the knob 218, the opening and closing of the rubber head 211 and the first channel opening 103 on the nozzle body 1 can be controlled, thereby precisely controlling the gas pressure entering the first acceleration chamber 105.

[0029] The rubber head 211 is fitted with the first channel opening 103 in an inclined manner.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the pneumatic quick-release connector 6 is threadedly connected to the air inlet 101 of the nozzle body 1.

[0031] The pressure gauge 7 is installed on the pressure measuring interface 117 by means of a threaded connection, and the probe of the pressure gauge is inserted into the first acceleration chamber 105 and the second acceleration chamber 106 .

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a universal support head 8 fixedly connected to the bottom of the nozzle body 1 through a fixed base 801 , and a universal adapter 802 hinged to the fixed base 801 .

[0033] The multi-stage accelerating cavity can realize the pre-acceleration (axial direction) of low-pressure gas on a small scale, and combined with the vapor phase excitation effect generated by the resonant cavity, it realizes multiple atomization and fusion of two-phase liquid, thereby significantly improving the overall effect of two-phase liquid composite atomization. Working principle: 1. Gas is supplied by an air compressor connected to a pneumatic quick-release connector 6 and enters the diversion chamber 102 from the air inlet 101 of the nozzle body 1, and is diverted into two paths via the first channel opening 103 and the second channel opening 104; 2. The two gas paths are regulated by the rubber head of the pressure regulating device 2 and the opening and closing of the first channel opening 103 and the second channel opening 104, respectively, so that the gas pressure entering the first accelerating chamber 105 and the second accelerating chamber 106 is precisely controlled. The gas pressure inside these chambers is measured by the pressure gauge 7 installed at the pressure measuring interface 117; 3. The gas reaches supersonic or sonic flow speeds in the primary acceleration chambers formed by the first accelerating chamber 105, the second accelerating chamber 106, the first atomizing chamber 111, and the second atomizing chamber 112, respectively. The gas collides with the two liquids introduced into the first liquid flow channel 109 and the second liquid flow channel 110, completing the gas pre-acceleration process and the initial atomization of the liquid. 4. The two liquids enter the first atomization chamber 111 and the second atomization chamber 112 (i.e., the primary acceleration chamber) from the first liquid inlet 107 and the second liquid inlet 108 via the first liquid flow channel 109 and the second liquid flow channel 110, respectively, and generate strong convection with the accelerated high-speed gas to form a gas-liquid mixture; 5. Driven by the high-speed airflow, the gas-liquid mixture enters the mixing chamber 113 and undergoes multiple collisions with the inner wall of the mixing chamber 113 and the resonant cavity 114 on the conical side, causing breakage and fusion to form a composite atomizer. The ultrasonic effect generated by the resonant cavity 114 enhances the droplet breakup process inside the mixing chamber 113 and also prevents droplets from adhering to the inner wall of the mixing chamber 113, thereby significantly improving the atomization effect of the composite atomizer. 6. The rear end cavity of the mixing chamber 113 has a conical side surface and forms a secondary acceleration chamber with the front end of the rectifying chamber 115. The composite atomized material is accelerated, broken up, and fused again in the secondary acceleration chamber before entering the rectifying chamber 115. It collides with the inner wall of the rectifying chamber 115 multiple times, further increasing the degree of breakage of the composite atomized material and improving the droplet recombination effect of the two-phase liquid. 7. The rectifier chamber 115 and the nozzle hole 116 are formed into a funnel-shaped cavity, which can utilize the kinetic energy of the composite atomizer in the vertical direction to convert it into multiple impact effects, and also ensure the kinetic energy of the composite atomizer in the axial direction of the nozzle. The collision process between gas and liquid is more violent, and the composite atomizer obtains higher kinetic energy and atomization effect and is ejected from the nozzle hole 116.

[0034] Further explanation: Figure 4The symmetrical pressure regulating device 2 of the present invention is shown to achieve benchmark calibration and verification of the atomization path through two extreme working conditions: in case 1 (the first pressure regulating device 21 is not in operation), its elastic rubber head 211 is preloaded by the internal spring to form an airtight seal with the first channel opening 103, completely blocking the airflow channel from the diverter cavity 102 to the first acceleration chamber 105, causing the pressure gauge 7 to read zero (i.e., the left atomization path is disabled). At this time, the sealing interface leakage rate is less than 0.01 mL / min; in case 2 (the second pressure regulating device 22 is not in operation), the rubber head 221 maintains a maximum distance (≥2 mm) from the second channel opening 104, forming a resistance-free straight-through flow channel, and the gas in the diverter cavity 102 is input into the second acceleration chamber 106 at the source pressure (i.e., the air compressor output pressure P0) without attenuation, and the pressure gauge 7 reads a stable P0 (i.e., the right path operates at full pressure). This dual-limit state design creates three technical values: 1) Seal reliability verification - Case 1 confirms the zero-leakage characteristics of the sealing pair through the zero-pressure state; 2) Flow resistance benchmark establishment - Case 2 provides the original pressure benchmark without additional flow resistance (error ≤±0.5%); 3) Symmetry debugging reference - the pressure gauges on both sides show extreme differences between 0 and P0 under extreme working conditions, providing calibration endpoints for dual-channel pressure balance adjustment, ensuring the pressure control linearity of ±2% accuracy (such as 20%~100% P0 range) during dynamic pressure regulation, and providing a reproducible initial state for multi-condition switching.

[0035] like Figure 10 As shown, under the condition of an input gas pressure of 0.03 MPa, the input liquids are water (density: 998 kg / m³, flow rate: 2.4 L / h) and castor oil (density: 970 kg / m³, flow rate: 30 mL / h), respectively. Castor oil, as a preferred embodiment, is a natural oil extracted from castor plant seeds. It has excellent biodegradability and high lubricity, and only a trace amount (such as a flow rate of 10-40 mL / h) is required to achieve effective coverage, while the auxiliary input of water enhances cooling. Under these conditions, the present invention achieves good composite effect and atomization performance through the optimized design of the atomizing nozzle (such as the specific aperture and airflow distribution), generating a droplet group suitable for OoW, which can be used as a green lubricant in industrial processing. Observation under a super-depth-of-field microscope shows that after atomization, the water droplets are subjected to the shear force of the high-speed airflow and air resistance, and the surface undergoes violent oscillations and temporarily deviates from the spherical shape, presenting a single layer of irregular morphology with wrinkled edges. In contrast, the OoW droplets form a stable water core induced by the hydrophilic groups of the oil phase, and the hydrophobic chains extend outward to wrap around, forming a clear layered interface and a rigid interface film, significantly reducing the interfacial tension to below the critical value (such as γ AB< 5 mN / m), effectively suppressing the deformation of droplets caused by external collision or shear, ensuring the stability of the multi-layer spherical structure, thereby improving the adhesion of the lubricating film and the efficiency of heat conduction. This example is only one of the many applications of the present invention and is also the main design goal, but it is not limited to other liquid systems, such as mineral oil-water or synthetic lubricant-coolant combinations. In order to achieve reliable dual-liquid composite atomization, the following core liquid conditions must be met: (1) Interfacial tension balance - if liquid A covers liquid B, γ BW > γ AW + γ AB (i.e., the interfacial energy between B and the continuous phase is higher, prompting phase A to preferentially coat phase B, ensuring core-shell formation); (2) Incompatibility and phase separation - the two liquids need to have limited mutual solubility (such as oil / water system) to maintain a clear phase interface and prevent mixing failure; (3) Moderate viscosity difference - the viscosity ratio is controlled within 1:5 (such as castor oil viscosity of about 0.6 Pa·s and water viscosity of 0.001 Pa·s) to avoid the high viscosity phase from being difficult to uniformly coat the low viscosity phase; (4) Molecular force balance - γ AB Dominant phase separation (mediated by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds), γ AC / γ BC Dominant wettability (contact angle determined by differences in molecular polarity).

[0036] like Figure 11 As shown, the accelerating chamber structure of the present invention accelerates a near-stationary airflow (initial velocity approaches 0) to a supersonic / sonic level (> 600 m / s) on a small scale by optimizing the cavity design. Its key structures include an inlet stabilization section (length 5-15 mm), a contraction section (contraction angle 38°-45°, length 3-7 times that of the inlet stabilization section), a throat section (Φ3.5-4.2 mm), an expansion section (expansion angle 10°-15°, length 2-4 times that of the inlet stabilization section), and an outlet stabilization section (length 5-10 mm). Figure 11 Comparative experiments have confirmed that the acceleration chamber has significant advantages over the traditional contraction chamber. Its breakthrough lies in that it is not restricted by the initial conditions of gas input and can stably maintain supersonic flow, creating an extremely high gas-liquid velocity difference (>500 m / s) for two-liquid composite atomization, thereby enhancing the liquid breakage efficiency and promoting the coating fusion between the two liquid phases.

[0037] like Figure 12 and 13As shown, the working process of the dual-liquid composite atomization system of the present invention is specifically implemented as follows: low-pressure gas enters the diversion chamber from the air inlet to achieve uniform flow distribution, and then completes the first-level acceleration in the first / second acceleration chamber, so that the airflow velocity jumps from a near-zero state to a stable supersonic speed; the supersonic airflow intersects with the input castor oil (yellow tracer) and water (red tracer) at the throat, and the violent shear force generated by the extremely high gas-liquid velocity difference realizes the initial atomization of the dual liquids; the initially atomized droplet group collides and merges in the mixing chamber to form OoW composite droplets. Although the stable vortex structure designed in the cavity enhances the mixing efficiency (the interface contact area is increased by 30~50%), it will induce flow field turbulence; the turbulent gas-liquid flow containing incompletely fused droplets passes through the rectifying cavity to eliminate vortex disturbances (the turbulence intensity is reduced by 20~40%), and then enters the secondary acceleration chamber for secondary acceleration, crushing and forced fusion, and finally the output velocity at the nozzle reaches more than 300m / s, D 50 A highly homogenized OoW composite atomizer cluster with a diameter of ≤120μm and a core-shell structure generation rate of >90%. This design achieves simultaneous breakthroughs in four key technical bottlenecks through the coordinated control of flow diversion and pressure regulation, supersonic shear primary atomization, vortex-enhanced mixing, turbulence suppression, and secondary acceleration deep integration: 1) stable maintenance of small-scale supersonic flow (velocity fluctuation <±3%); 2) efficient coating between the two liquid phases (oil film thickness controlled to 0.5-2μm); 3) precise generation of micron-sized droplets (span coefficient <0.8); and 4) improved composite structural stability (deformation rate reduced by 30-45%). The measured lubricating film life is extended by 2-3 times, and the oil utilization rate reaches 98%, providing theoretical support for micro-oil film droplet cooling technology.

[0038] This invention relates to a dual-liquid composite atomization device and method, designed to address the environmental pollution, low efficiency, and inability to generate stable composite droplets caused by the use of large amounts of non-biodegradable oils in traditional lubrication and cooling technologies used in industrial processes. Existing single-liquid atomization systems, for example, are prone to producing uneven droplets, which impacts lubricating film uniformity and cooling effectiveness, and are associated with significant consumable costs. The present invention aims to provide a highly efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly micro-oil film droplet cooling (OoW) technology. By precisely controlling dual-liquid input parameters and atomization conditions, two immiscible liquids are combined to form composite droplet clusters, such as core-shell structures, Janus droplets, or multiple emulsions, at the micrometer scale. This improves lubrication and cooling performance while reducing oil consumption. The technical benefits include significantly reducing oil consumption by 20-50%, improving atomization uniformity by over 30%, enhancing droplet deformation resistance to extend lubricating film life, and utilizing biodegradable materials to reduce environmental pollution.

[0039] The above is only one of several implementation cases of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred implementation case, it is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above implementation case based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle, characterized by: It includes a nozzle body, a pressure regulating device, a fastening end cover, a left pressure cover, a right pressure cover and a pressure gauge, wherein the fastening end cover is fixedly connected to the end of the nozzle body, the left pressure cover and the right pressure cover are respectively fixedly connected to the fastening end cover, the pressure regulating shaft of the pressure regulating device passes through the left pressure cover, the right pressure cover and the fastening end cover respectively and enters the nozzle body, and is threadedly connected to the left pressure cover and the right pressure cover, and the pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the nozzle body.

2. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle body includes an air inlet, a diverter cavity, a first channel port, a second channel port, a first acceleration chamber, a second acceleration chamber, a first liquid inlet, a second liquid inlet, a first liquid flow channel, a second liquid flow channel, a first atomizing chamber, a second atomizing chamber, a mixing chamber, a rectifying chamber, a spray hole and a pressure measuring interface, wherein the air inlet is connected to the first acceleration chamber and the second acceleration chamber respectively through the first channel port and the second channel port on the diverter cavity, the pressure measuring interfaces are respectively arranged on the outer shells of the first acceleration chamber and the second acceleration chamber, for connecting pressure gauges, the first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet are connected to the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber respectively through the first liquid flow channel and the second liquid flow channel, a mixing chamber is provided at the tail end of the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber, a resonance cavity is provided in the circumferential direction of the tail end of the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is connected to the spray hole through the rectifying chamber.

3. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diversion cavity, the first channel opening and the second channel opening are in a T-shaped or Y-shaped structure.

4. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first accelerating chamber and the second accelerating chamber respectively form a primary accelerating chamber with the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber; The liquid is connected to the throats of the first atomizing chamber and the second atomizing chamber respectively through the first liquid flow channel and the second liquid flow channel, and collides with the gas; Or the liquid is connected to the expansion sections of the first atomization chamber and the second atomization chamber respectively through the first liquid flow channel and the second liquid flow channel, and collides with the gas.

5. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear end cavity of the mixing chamber is a conical side surface, the smaller end of the conical side surface and the front end of the rectifying chamber form a secondary acceleration cavity, the resonant cavity is arranged on the conical side surface, and the rectifying chamber and the nozzle form a funnel-shaped cavity.

6. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure regulating device is composed of a first pressure regulating device and a second pressure regulating device. The structure and working principle of the first pressure regulating device and the second pressure regulating device are the same, wherein the first pressure regulating device includes a rubber head, a buffer spring, a sealing gasket, a pressure regulating spring, a corrugated diaphragm, a pressure regulating shaft, a fixing nut and a knob. The rubber head is sleeved on the front end of the pressure regulating shaft, the buffer spring, the sealing gasket, the pressure regulating spring and the corrugated diaphragm are sleeved on the pressure regulating shaft at the rear of the rubber head, the fixing nut is fixedly connected to the tail of the pressure regulating shaft, the knob is sleeved on the outside of the fixing nut, the sealing gasket is located in the inner wall of the fastening end cover, the pressure regulating spring and the corrugated diaphragm are located in the outer wall of the fastening end cover, and the pressure regulating shaft is connected to the left pressure cover by fine thread.

7. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rubber head is fitted with the first channel opening in an inclined surface form.

8. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pneumatic quick-release joint and a threaded connection between the air inlet of the nozzle body.

9. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure gauge is installed on the pressure measuring interface by means of a threaded connection, and a probe of the pressure gauge is inserted into the first acceleration chamber and the second acceleration chamber.

10. The ultrasonically excited multi-stage acceleration pressure-controlled dual-liquid composite atomizing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a universal support head fixedly connected to the bottom of the nozzle body through a fixed base, and a universal rotating joint hinged to the fixed base.

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