Laser cutting equipment for stone product machining

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and discloses laser cutting equipment for stone product machining, which comprises a bottom frame, a movable arm is mounted at the top end of the bottom frame, a laser cutting machine is mounted on the surface of the movable arm, the movable arm is in sliding connection with the laser cutting machine, and a side frame is further arranged on the upper surface of the bottom frame. A connecting rod is installed on the inner wall of the side frame, and the other end of the connecting rod is movably connected to the laser cutting machine. According to the device, the covering cover is arranged on the periphery of the laser cutting head, the inert gas capable of being heated is introduced, inert gas protection and rising of the overall temperature of stone are achieved, on one hand, the inert gas in the covering cover can effectively isolate a cutting area from being in contact with oxygen, the oxidation discoloration risk of the stone surface is remarkably reduced, and the attractiveness of the cutting face is improved; on the other hand, the heated inert gas can uniformly increase the overall temperature of the stone, and microcracks caused by thermal stress concentration are reduced fundamentally.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and in particular to laser cutting equipment for processing stone products. Background Art

[0002] In the field of stone processing, laser cutting technology is widely used due to its advantages of high precision and non-contact processing. In the existing technology, in order to suppress the oxidation of the stone surface caused by high temperature during the cutting process, a gas protection device is usually installed around the laser cutting head, and inert gases such as nitrogen and argon are introduced into the cutting area to prevent mineral oxidation and discoloration by isolating oxygen. At the same time, in order to address the problem of local thermal stress caused by concentrated laser energy, some equipment uses pulsed laser modulation, cutting path optimization or auxiliary cold air cooling to control the heat input rate or accelerate local heat dissipation to reduce the microcracks caused by temperature differences in the stone. In addition, a few high-end equipment attempts to pre-treat and preheat the stone, and use external heating devices to increase the overall temperature of the workpiece to reduce the temperature gradient during cutting. These technologies have improved the quality of stone cutting to a certain extent and met the precision requirements of scenes such as decorative panels and artistic carvings.

[0003] However, the existing technology still has significant shortcomings: on the one hand, traditional inert gas protection only supplies gas to the local cutting area, and does not regulate the overall temperature of the stone. During cutting, the temperature difference between the high-temperature area and the surrounding low-temperature area can still reach more than 200°C, resulting in the failure to fundamentally solve the problem of thermal stress concentration. Especially in the cutting of brittle stones such as marble and jade, the incidence of microcracks is still as high as 15%-20%. On the other hand, existing preheating technologies mostly rely on independent heating equipment, such as infrared radiation furnaces, which have poor heating uniformity and insufficient coordination with the cutting process. It is difficult to match the dynamic thermal requirements of laser processing in real time, and it also increases equipment costs and energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a laser cutting device to solve the key problems of incomplete oxidation inhibition and thermal stress concentration in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: To this end, we propose a laser cutting device for processing stone products.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application adopts the following technical solution: a laser cutting device for processing stone products, comprising a base frame: a movable arm is mounted on the top of the base frame, a laser cutting machine is mounted on the surface of the movable arm, the movable arm and the laser cutting machine are slidably connected, a side frame is further provided on the upper surface of the base frame, a connecting rod is mounted on the inner wall of the side frame, and the other end of the connecting rod is movably connected to the laser cutting machine; The stone to be cut is placed on the inner side of the side frame, and a cutting assembly is provided at the bottom end of the laser cutting machine. The cutting assembly includes a covering cover, and a heat-conducting net is embedded in the interior of the covering cover. The heat-conducting net and the isolation gasket are attached to the surface of the stone to be cut. The outer wall of the covering cover is connected to an air duct, and the inert gas is passed into the interior of the covering cover through the air duct. The heat-conducting net is provided with perforations, and an isolation gasket is provided on the bottom surface of the heat-conducting net. A circulation assembly is also provided inside the covering cover, and the circulation assembly includes a cover cylinder, and the covering cover and the cover cylinder are fixedly connected. A laser head is embedded in the interior of the cover cylinder, and the heat-conducting net and the isolation gasket are both embedded in the interior of the covering cover.

[0006] Preferably, a guide plate is installed on the inner wall of the heat-conducting net, and the guide plate consists of four metal plates, which are arranged in sequence from thin to thick, namely the first metal plate, the second metal plate, the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate, wherein the first metal plate, the second metal plate and the third metal plate are provided with guide grooves.

[0007] Preferably, the guide plates are arranged on the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the heat conducting net, the first metal plate is close to the center of the heat conducting net, and the fourth metal plate is close to the edge of the heat conducting net.

[0008] Preferably, an air outlet is provided on the outer surface of the cover tube, and the air outlet is used to discharge the internal air. An impeller is provided on the outside of the cover tube, and the impeller is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the cover tube. The rotation of the impeller is used to guide the air flowing out of the air outlet.

[0009] Preferably, a circulation groove is opened on the inner wall of the cover tube, an engaging ring is embedded in the circulation groove, an operating rod is embedded in the cover tube, and the engaging ring is sleeved on the operating rod.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the operating rod is fixedly connected to the piston, the piston is embedded in the interior of the cover tube, the initial position of the piston is located below the air outlet, and the piston and the cover tube maintain longitudinal movement.

[0011] Preferably, the operating rod is connected to a driving motor, and the output end of the driving motor drives the operating rod to rotate, while the engaging ring slides inside the circulation groove.

[0012] Preferably, a mounting pad is connected to the bottom end of the cover tube, the mounting pad is connected to the heat-conducting net, the mounting pad is embedded in a slot reserved on the inner wall of the heat-conducting net, and the mounting pad and the heat-conducting net are both made of heat-conducting materials.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the laser head is electrically connected to the laser cutting machine, and the laser head is inserted into the interior of the operating rod.

[0014] Preferably, the covering cover, the cover tube, the operating rod and the isolation gasket enclose the laser emitted by the laser head, and the laser head emits the laser for cutting the stone to be cut.

[0015] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: In the present invention, a covering hood is provided on the periphery of the laser cutting head and an inert gas that can be heated is introduced, thereby achieving inert gas protection and an increase in the overall temperature of the stone. On the one hand, the inert gas in the covering hood can effectively isolate the cutting area from contact with oxygen, significantly reduce the risk of oxidation and discoloration of the stone surface, and improve the aesthetics of the cut surface; on the other hand, the heated inert gas can evenly increase the overall temperature of the stone, avoiding the drastic temperature difference between local high temperature and the surrounding area during laser cutting, and reducing the generation of microcracks caused by thermal stress concentration from the root. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The disclosure of the present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same components: FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable arm and the laser cutting machine of the present invention; FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover and the connecting rod of the present invention; FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover and the heat conducting net of the present invention; FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cover of the present invention; FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat conducting network of the present invention; FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat-conducting network and the isolation gasket of the present invention; FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the recycling component of the present invention in a disassembled state; FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the air outlet and the mounting pad of the present invention; FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover tube of the present invention in an expanded state.

[0017] Legend: 11. Base frame; 12. Movable arm; 13. Laser cutting machine; 14. Side frame; 15. Connecting rod; 16. Stone to be cut; 2. Cutting assembly; 21. Cover; 22. Heat conduction net; 23. Isolation gasket; 24. Laser head; 25. Air duct; 26. Guide vane; 27. Guide groove; 28. Perforation; 3. Circulation assembly; 31. Cover cylinder; 32. Impeller; 33. Air outlet; 34. Operating lever; 35. Engaging ring; 36. Piston; 37. Mounting pad; 38. Circulation groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It is easy to understand that according to the technical solution of the present invention, without changing the essential spirit of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose a variety of interchangeable structural modes and implementation modes. Therefore, the following specific embodiments and drawings are only exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention and should not be regarded as the entire invention or as a limitation or restriction of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0019] Reference Figures 1-10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a laser cutting device for processing stone products, including a base frame 11: a movable arm 12 is installed on the top of the base frame 11, a laser cutting machine 13 is installed on the surface of the movable arm 12, the movable arm 12 and the laser cutting machine 13 are slidably connected, and a side frame 14 is also provided on the upper surface of the base frame 11, a connecting rod 15 is installed on the inner wall of the side frame 14, and the other end of the connecting rod 15 is movably connected to the laser cutting machine 13.

[0020] In the process of cutting the stone, the stone 16 to be cut is placed stably on the side frame 14 and the impurities on the surface are cleaned after being placed stably, which is beneficial to the subsequent cutting and ensures the cutting quality. In the processing of stone products, it is often necessary to cut large pieces of stone into small pieces, and finally produce different types of stone products through carving and other methods. When processing large pieces of stone, existing technologies use mechanical cutting methods, and some use laser cutting methods. These two cutting methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Mechanical cutting methods usually use physical tools such as diamond saw blades, relying on mechanical force to cut the stone. Its advantage is that it can adapt to thicker stone slabs, the initial investment cost of the equipment is relatively low, and the efficiency is high for large-scale cutting of regular shapes. It is suitable for basic processing scenarios that do not require particularly strict precision. However, during the mechanical cutting process, the tool is in direct contact with the stone, which can easily cause the stone edge to break or micro-cracks to form inside due to mechanical stress. Especially when processing brittle stones such as marble, the defects are more obvious, and the cutting accuracy is limited, making it difficult to achieve the processing of complex curves or fine patterns. At the same time, the cutting process will generate a lot of noise and dust pollution, and more polishing and finishing processes are required later. The laser cutting method uses the thermal effect of a high-energy laser beam to partially melt or vaporize the stone, and uses auxiliary gas to blow away the molten material to achieve cutting. Its outstanding advantage is non-contact processing, which does not apply mechanical stress to the stone. It can achieve high-precision cutting, smooth and flat incisions, and a small heat-affected area. It is particularly suitable for the processing of special-shaped parts, tiny holes and complex patterns, and the dust and noise pollution are relatively low. It has significant advantages in fine processes such as stone carving and parquet. However, the laser cutting method also has certain limitations. The efficiency of stone cutting is low, and high temperature may cause oxidation and discoloration of some stone surfaces or microcracks due to thermal stress.

[0021] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the existing laser cutting device in cutting stone, this application provides a stable cutting solution for cutting stone by setting a cutting component 2 and a circulation component 3. The specific operation is as follows: One end of the laser head 24 is electrically connected to the laser cutting machine 13. The laser head 24 is inserted into the interior of the operating rod 34. The cover 21, the cover tube 31, the operating rod 34 and the isolation gasket 23 enclose the laser emitted by the laser head 24. The laser head 24 emits laser light for cutting the stone 16 to be cut. The stone 16 to be cut is placed on the inner side of the side frame 14. The bottom end of the laser cutting machine 13 is provided with a cutting assembly 2. The cutting assembly 2 includes a cover 21. The interior of the cover 21 is embedded with a heat conducting net 22. The heat conducting net 22 and the isolation gasket 23 are provided with a cutting assembly 2. The gasket 23 is attached to the surface of the stone 16 to be cut, and the outer wall of the covering hood 21 is connected to the air duct 25, and the inert gas is introduced into the interior of the covering hood 21 through the air duct 25. The heat conducting net 22 is provided with a perforation 28, and the bottom surface of the heat conducting net 22 is provided with an isolation gasket 23. The interior of the covering hood 21 is also provided with a circulation component 3, and the circulation component 3 includes a cover tube 31. The covering hood 21 and the cover tube 31 are fixedly connected, and the interior of the cover tube 31 is embedded with a laser head 24. The heat conducting net 22 and the isolation gasket 23 are both embedded in the interior of the covering hood 21.

[0022] In the cutting of stone, laser cutting will cause local temperature rise, which will make the stone heat up unevenly and thus break. In order to solve this problem, the heat-conducting net 22 is used to cover the cut stone during cutting. By heating the stone as a whole, it can also avoid the local temperature difference being too large, which will cause the stone to break. In the cutting, as the covering hood 21 is covered on the upper and lower surfaces of the stone 16 to be cut, after covering, inert gas is passed through the inside of the covering hood 21, and the gas is transported to the inside of the covering hood 21 through the air guide pipe 25. After the inert gas is transported, the air originally inside the covering hood 21 will be gradually discharged. As the covering hood is The air inside 21 is gradually discharged, and the inside of the cover 21 is rich in a large amount of inert gas. In this way, when the stone 16 to be cut is cut by the laser cutting machine 13 and the laser head 24, there is no participation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air. This will prevent the cut surface from being discolored due to oxidation, and the gloss of the cut surface will still retain the color of the original stone. A laser beam of a specific wavelength is generated by the laser head 24, which is guided by a reflector or an optical fiber transmission system, and then focused by a focusing lens to a very small light spot with a diameter of tens to hundreds of microns. The surface temperature of the material is raised to the melting point or boiling point in a very short time, causing the material to partially melt, vaporize or reach the ignition point and burn.

[0023] A guide plate 26 is installed on the inner wall of the heat-conducting mesh 22. The guide plate 26 consists of four metal sheets, which are arranged in sequence from thin to thick, namely the first metal sheet, the second metal sheet, the third metal sheet and the fourth metal sheet. The first metal sheet, the second metal sheet and the third metal sheet are provided with guide grooves 27. The guide plate 26 is arranged on the front and back sides of the inner wall of the heat-conducting mesh 22. The first metal sheet is close to the center of the heat-conducting mesh 22, and the fourth metal sheet is close to the edge of the heat-conducting mesh 22.

[0024] Since laser cutting generates a large amount of heat, in order to avoid local stable rise, the heat is collected, processed and utilized in this area so that the heat can be diffused. After diffusion, the heat can cover the entire stone, so that the stone is heated up as a whole. In heating the stone, not only is the heat collected by the heat-conducting net 22 and transferred to the stone 16 to be cut, but the stone is also heated up by the participation of gas, wherein the participation of gas can increase the amplitude of heat diffusion, and the fluidity of gas can break through the directional limitation of solid thermal conductivity. Through the structural design of the guide plate 26 and the guide groove 27, the heat can penetrate the edge gap of the stone and the complex contour concave area, so as to achieve three-dimensional space uniform heating, especially for the processing of special-shaped pieces or stones with uneven thickness.

[0025] In order to improve the collection of heat, the inert gas introduced can be guided by setting the guide plate 26 and the guide groove 27. When the inert gas is transported to the middle position of the cover 21 through the gas guide pipe 25, part of the gas will flow into the channel between the metal sheets through the guide groove 27. Since the laser head 24 is located in the center of the heat conducting net 22, the heat near it is relatively high. The metal sheet structure of the guide plate 26 gradually conducts the high heat to the outside by virtue of its heat conduction characteristics. The different thicknesses of the metal sheets result in different heating times. The thinner first metal sheet is close to the high temperature zone and can quickly absorb the high heat generated by the laser head 24 when cutting. The fourth metal sheet heats up first, and then transfers the heat to the adjacent second and third metal sheets. Although the thicker fourth metal sheet heats up later, it maintains continuous heating of the edge area due to its larger heat capacity, forming a conduction chain with rapid heat absorption in the center, gradient heat transfer in the middle, and stable heat storage at the edge. At the same time, when the inert gas diverted by the guide groove 27 flows in the metal sheet channel, on the one hand, it removes the heat from the metal sheet surface by forced convection, accelerating the diffusion of heat to the stone surface. On the other hand, it uses the gas fluidity to fill the thermal conduction blind spots between the metal sheets, so that the heat forms a uniform temperature gradient along the stone from the center to the edge, avoiding local high temperature accumulation. This gas conduction and the conduction of the metal sheet thickness difference enhance the immediate collection and diffusion of high heat near the laser head 24, and achieves a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the stone through the heating time difference, effectively reducing the risk of stone fragmentation caused by thermal stress concentration. At the same time, it ensures that the inert gas fully absorbs and carries heat during the flow process, providing a double guarantee for uniform heating of the stone and low-damage cutting.

[0026] During cutting, in order to ensure the cutting quality, the isolation gasket 23 can be used to cover the cutting area of ​​the stone. This can reduce the heat dissipation and improve the cutting efficiency of the stone. However, it will also cause the central heat to accumulate and be difficult to dissipate. In order to solve this problem, a circulation component 3 is provided to eliminate the accumulation of central heat, and the central heat is extracted and mixed with the imported inert gas to increase the gas heat to lay the foundation for cutting. The specific operation is as follows: The outer surface of the cover cylinder 31 is provided with an air outlet hole 33, which is used to guide the internal air out. The outside of the cover cylinder 31 is provided with an impeller 32, which is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the cover cylinder 31. The rotation of the impeller 32 is used to guide the air flowing out of the air outlet hole 33. The inner wall of the cover cylinder 31 is provided with a circulation groove 38, and the interior of the circulation groove 38 is embedded with a meshing ring 35. The interior of the cover cylinder 31 is embedded with an operating rod 34, which is sleeved on the operating rod 34. The bottom end of the operating rod 34 is fixedly connected to the piston 36, and the piston 36 is embedded in the interior of the cover cylinder 31. The initial position of the piston 36 is below the air outlet hole 33. The piston 36 and the cover cylinder 31 maintain longitudinal movement. The operating rod 34 is connected to the drive motor, and the output end of the drive motor drives the operating rod 34 to rotate. At the same time, the meshing ring 35 slides inside the circulation groove 38. The bottom end of the cover tube 31 is connected to a mounting pad 37 , which is connected to the heat-conducting mesh 22 . Both the mounting pad 37 and the heat-conducting mesh 22 are made of heat-conducting materials.

[0027] After the laser head 24 is embedded in the interior of the operating rod 34, the laser head 24 emits a laser beam, causing its own temperature to rise. The rising heat will be transferred to the operating rod 34, and the heat will be dissipated to the interior of the cover tube 31 through the operating rod 34. At this time, the internal heat is extracted by rotating the operating rod 34. When the operating rod 34 is driven by the driving motor, the meshing ring 35 connected to the outer surface of the operating rod 34 rotates. When the meshing ring 35 rotates, it will move along the circulation groove 38. At this time, the meshing ring 35 will drive the operating rod 34 to rise. When the meshing ring 35 moves to the highest point in the circulation groove 38, When the piston 36 moves, the hot gas inside the cover tube 31 will be continuously discharged. At this time, the hotter gas will be discharged from the air outlet 33 and mixed with other gases on the outside of the cover tube 31, realizing the exchange between the gases. Under the premise of gas exchange, the gas temperature is higher and more balanced, and the temperature transferred to the stone 16 to be cut is also more balanced, so that the stone 16 to be cut can be heated as a whole.

[0028] In addition, the laser cutting device is provided with two sets of cutting components 2 and circulation components 3, which can cover the upper surface and the lower surface of the stone 16 to be cut. In this way, two-way heating can be achieved, and the cutting efficiency is also improved.

[0029] The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the above description. Those skilled in the art can make various deformations and modifications to the above embodiments without departing from the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and these deformations and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for stone product processing, characterized in that: The machine comprises a base frame, a movable arm being mounted on the top of the base frame, a laser cutting machine being mounted on the surface of the movable arm, the movable arm and the laser cutting machine being slidably connected, a side frame being further disposed on the upper surface of the base frame, a connecting rod being mounted on the inner wall of the side frame, the other end of the connecting rod being movably connected to the laser cutting machine; The stone to be cut is placed on the inner side of the side frame, and a cutting assembly is provided at the bottom end of the laser cutting machine. The cutting assembly includes a covering cover, and a heat-conducting net is embedded in the interior of the covering cover. The heat-conducting net and the isolation gasket are attached to the surface of the stone to be cut. The outer wall of the covering cover is connected to an air duct, and the inert gas is passed into the interior of the covering cover through the air duct. The heat-conducting net is provided with perforations, and an isolation gasket is provided on the bottom surface of the heat-conducting net. A circulation assembly is also provided inside the covering cover, and the circulation assembly includes a cover cylinder, and the covering cover and the cover cylinder are fixedly connected. A laser head is embedded in the interior of the cover cylinder, and the heat-conducting net and the isolation gasket are both embedded in the interior of the covering cover.

2. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate is installed on the inner wall of the heat-conducting net, and the guide plate consists of four metal plates. The four metal plates are arranged in sequence from thin to thick, namely the first metal plate, the second metal plate, the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate, wherein the first metal plate, the second metal plate and the third metal plate are provided with guide grooves.

3. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide plates are arranged on the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the heat conducting net. The first metal plate is close to the center of the heat conducting net, and the fourth metal plate is close to the edge of the heat conducting net.

4. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air outlet is provided on the outer surface of the cover tube, and the air outlet is used to guide the internal air out. An impeller is provided on the outside of the cover tube, and the impeller is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the cover tube. The rotation of the impeller is used to guide the air flowing out of the air outlet.

5. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 4, characterized in that: A circulation groove is formed on the inner wall of the cover tube, an engaging ring is embedded in the circulation groove, an operating rod is embedded in the cover tube, and the engaging ring is sleeved on the operating rod.

6. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the operating rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and the piston is embedded in the interior of the cover tube. The initial position of the piston is located below the air outlet, and the piston and the cover tube maintain longitudinal movement.

7. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The operating rod is connected to the driving motor, and the output end of the driving motor drives the operating rod to rotate, while the engaging ring slides inside the circulation groove.

8. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the cover tube is connected with a mounting pad, which is connected to the heat-conducting net. The mounting pad is embedded in a slot reserved on the inner wall of the heat-conducting net. Both the mounting pad and the heat-conducting net are made of heat-conducting materials.

9. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the laser head is electrically connected to the laser cutting machine, and the laser head is inserted into the interior of the operating rod.

10. The laser cutting equipment for stone product processing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The covering cover, the cover cylinder, the operating rod and the isolation gasket enclose the laser emitted by the laser head, and the laser emitted by the laser head is used to cut the stone to be cut.

Images