Dam paving material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a dam paving material and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method includes the steps that a water retention layer is prepared according to a preset structure, the water retention layer, a matrix layer and a curing layer are primarily woven into a whole through three-dimensional fibers, then the curing layer is filled with a curing material till filling is dense, and the dam paving material is obtained. The inverted filter layer, the lower net hanging layer, the wrapping layer and the upper net hanging layer are sequentially laid on the curing layer, a whole is formed through three-dimensional fiber secondary spinning, and finally the water sealing layer and the water resisting layer are arranged at the bottom of the water retention layer. The pavement material is applied to flood control and emergency rescue and emergency construction of reservoirs, dams, ditches and the like, and the self-curing layer is embedded into the anti-scouring layer and the impermeable layer in the curing process through watering curing to form effective bonding, so that the pavement material forms a stable whole. The coating is simple and convenient to construct, high in curing speed, high in strength and good in impermeability and abrasion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dam protection materials, and in particular to a dam paving material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Earth-rock dams are the most common type of reservoir dam, accounting for approximately 90% of all dams built nationwide. They play a significant role in flood control, power generation, water supply, irrigation, navigation, and aquaculture, achieving significant social and economic benefits. However, existing earth-rock dams are commonly subject to safety hazards such as low flood control standards and poor construction quality. Coupled with adverse factors such as poor management and maintenance and aging, a large number of dangerous reservoir dams remain. While considerable experience has been accumulated both domestically and internationally in flood control and rescue technologies, this has primarily focused on river embankments, leaving relatively little experience in rescuing earth-rock dams. Furthermore, previous understanding of the overtopping and failure processes of earth-rock dams under substandard conditions has been insufficient. Overtopping and failure rescue efforts have primarily focused on the pre-overtopping and post-failure stages, while research on the initial breach formation phase, after overtopping and before the breach rapidly develops, has been relatively limited. In the past, emergency protection for earth-rock dam overflows was primarily preventative. A common method was weir construction: building a sub-dike on the dam crest to prevent overtopping floodwaters from eroding downstream slopes. Commonly used earth weirs include clay weirs, bagged earth weirs, plate earth weirs, and willow-stone earth weirs. However, traditional emergency sub-dike construction techniques require sufficient materials beforehand, resulting in low efficiency and complex post-flood disposal. Another popular method is excavating spillways, but this is slow and difficult to achieve. These methods require significant manpower, material, and financial resources. Furthermore, limited research has been conducted on emergency protection methods during the post-overtopping phase, before a significant breach occurs.

[0003] Extensive research has been conducted both domestically and internationally on earth-rock dam protection technologies. With appropriate protection, their ability to cope with sudden, exceptional flooding can be significantly enhanced. The implementation of certain slope protection technologies has already achieved the goal of "water-passing earth dams." Successful examples of "water-passing earth dams" exist in China, and earlier research has been conducted abroad. my country has numerous small earth-rock dams, and with the increasing frequency of disasters, research on slope protection technologies for "water-passing earth dams" is of great significance. Furthermore, when water is not permitted to flow through the crest of an earth dam, spillways, discharge tunnels, and culverts must be installed. These facilities typically account for approximately 30% of the total reservoir construction cost and consume significant amounts of steel, wood, and cement. Strengthening slope protection to achieve "water-passing earth dams" will significantly reduce earth dam construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In light of this, the present invention provides a dam paving material, its preparation method, and its application. This invention combines hydraulically settable materials to develop a highly impermeable and abrasion-resistant dam paving material. By forming an anti-seepage system on the surface of an earth-rock dam and combining flexible paving, anchoring, and joint reinforcement techniques, the dam paving material achieves high impermeability and abrasion resistance after hardening.

[0005] In order to achieve the above effects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dam paving material comprises, from top to bottom, an anti-scour layer (1), a self-curing layer (2), and an anti-seepage layer (3).

[0007] Furthermore, the anti-scour layer (1) is composed of a lower mesh layer (1.3), a wrapping layer (1.2), and an upper mesh layer (1.1) from bottom to top. The lower mesh layer (1.3) is made of an organic fiber fabric, the wrapping layer (1.2) is a canvas fabric with a porous structure and has certain water absorption and water retention properties, and the upper mesh layer (1.1) is a dense plain or twill canvas that can resist water scour and ensure uniform water penetration.

[0008] Furthermore, the material of the anti-scour layer (1) is selected from one or more of cotton fabric and linen fabric.

[0009] Furthermore, the self-solidifying layer (2) is composed of a matrix layer (2.3), a solidifying layer (2.2), and a filter layer (2.1) from bottom to top. The matrix layer (2.3) is made of one or more materials selected from inorganic fiber fabrics and organic fiber fabrics. The solidifying layer (2.2) is a 3D-woven organic fiber fabric with a multi-porous structure. The filter layer (2.1) is made of geosynthetics, including one or more of polyester, nylon, acrylic, chloroprene, vinylon, spandex, and polyolefin stretch yarn. The filter layer (2.1) facilitates the passage of water while reducing the loss of solid particles.

[0010] Furthermore, the inorganic fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers; and the organic fibers include one or more of polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, nylon fibers, polypropylene fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, and polyimide fibers.

[0011] Furthermore, the curing material of the self-curing layer (2) is selected from one or more of cement, cement-based composition, and high molecular polymer, the cement-based composition includes any one of fine aggregate concrete, cement paste, and mortar, and the high molecular polymer includes any one of acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-acrylate, polyacrylic acid, and polyurethane.

[0012] Furthermore, the anti-seepage layer (3) is composed of a water-blocking layer (3.3), a water-sealing layer (3.2), and a water-retaining layer (3.1) from bottom to top. The material of the water-blocking layer (3.3) is a geotechnical anti-seepage membrane, which is a composite of polyethylene film and non-woven fabric. The material of the water-sealing layer (3.2) is SBS modified emulsified asphalt, with a dosage of 1.1-1.4 kg / m 2 The water-sealing layer (3.2) is partially immersed in the aquiclude (3.3) and the water-retaining layer (3.1) to make them tightly bonded. The water-retaining layer (3.1) is formed by needle-punching a composite geotextile and a non-woven fabric, and is filled with 60-70wt% bentonite in the middle.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3) and the filter layer (2.1), the matrix layer (2.3) and the water retention layer (3.1) all have a protrusion (4.1) and a depression (4.2) structure, which can interlock and bite each other to form a tight connection. The self-curing layer (2) is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3) during the curing process, forming an effective bond, so that the paving material forms a stable whole. The self-curing layer (2) is connected to the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3) through three-dimensional fibers (5), forming a three-dimensional reinforced curing layer structure during the curing process.

[0014] The term "embedded" in the present invention, "the self-curing layer (2) is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3) during the curing process to form an effective bond, thereby forming a stable whole of the paving material," is not limited to partial embedding but also includes complete embedding. Those skilled in the art can select and adjust the degree of embedding according to actual needs, which is a conventional technical means.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the dam paving material, which comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1: Filling the space between the composite geotextile and the non-woven geotextile with 60-70 wt% bentonite, preparing a water-retaining layer (3.1) by needle punching, laying a matrix layer (2.3) and a solidifying layer (2.2) on the water-retaining layer (3.1) in sequence, and initially weaving the three layers together through three-dimensional fibers (5) to form a whole;

[0017] S2: Filling the solidified material that has been mechanically stirred uniformly into the solidified layer (2.2) by vibrating or negative pressure filling until the solidified material fills the solidified layer (2.2);

[0018] S3: Laying the filter layer (2.1), the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3), the wrapping layer (1.2) and the upper hanging mesh layer (1.1) on the solidifying layer (2.2) in sequence, and connecting and bonding the anti-scouring layer, the self-solidifying layer and the anti-seepage layer through secondary weaving of the three-dimensional fiber (5) to form a whole;

[0019] S4: Apply 1.1-1.4kg / m evenly between the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) 2 SBS modified emulsified asphalt is used as the water sealing layer (3.2), which is penetrated into the water retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) to enhance the adhesion and impermeability of the anti-seepage layer;

[0020] S5: The self-curing layer (2) is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3) during the water-adding and curing process, forming an effective bond, thereby forming a stable whole of the paving material.

[0021] The present invention also provides the use of the dam paving material in dam flood prevention and rescue or water conservancy emergency ditch construction.

[0022] Furthermore, the paving material disclosed in the present invention can be widely used in flood prevention and emergency construction of reservoirs, dams, ditches, etc.; it can be used for windbreak and sand fixation, saline-alkali control, and ecological vegetation restoration in sandy land and saline-alkali land; and it can quickly achieve engineering construction and emergency effects in any environment.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The embankment paving material provided by the present invention has good deformability and ease of construction. Since the main structure of the paving material is cotton / linen woven canvas, geosynthetic fabric, and organic / inorganic fiber fabric, all of which are soft and bendable, they are easy to cut, fold, transport, and store. On the other hand, the cement-based composition is fully filled in the mesh multi-void structure formed by the organic fiber 3D weaving, and the paving material formed is easy to lay and can adapt to complex base shapes. It can be quickly hardened by simple cutting, splicing, and sprinkling water, and can be constructed on rainy days or in water. It does not require large-scale machinery, molds, and concrete mixing equipment, greatly improving the construction speed, efficiency, and flexibility. In addition, the self-curing material uses a fast-hardening and high-strength cement-based composition, which can be quickly solidified and formed. The setting time can be adjusted according to needs. It has high early strength and fast construction speed. Generally, the construction can be completed within 1 day, which greatly shortens the construction period. After hardening, the performance is stable, and it has good mechanical properties and durability. It is very suitable for flood control, dam slope protection, and emergency construction.

[0025] (2) The embankment paving material provided by the present invention has good abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. The organic fiber 3D textile mesh structure reinforces the cement matrix. When the cement matrix is ​​cracked by tensile stress, it can bear part of the stress and disperse the cracks, converting the cracks of the cement matrix into multi-cracks, thereby enhancing its toughness and improving the tensile strength of the cement matrix. The self-curing layer is embedded in the anti-scouring layer and the anti-seepage layer during the curing process, which is conducive to the self-curing layer, the anti-scouring layer and the anti-seepage layer forming a stable integrated structure, further stabilizing the paving material. The cotton / linen woven canvas anti-scouring layer covering the surface of the cement matrix can not only resist water scouring and prevent high-speed water flow from directly eroding the cement matrix, but also has strong wear resistance, which can reduce the wear of sand and gravel and other materials in the water flow on the cement matrix, thereby improving the durability of the paving material.

[0026] (3) The embankment paving material provided by the present invention has excellent anti-seepage performance. The sodium-based bentonite filled in the water-retaining layer has good water absorption and water retention. When water is sprinkled, the bentonite can absorb excess water that seeps to the bottom, preventing the bottom from being enriched with water and causing cement slurry to lose, increase voids, and decrease strength. During the solidification process of the cement matrix, the water stored in the bentonite gradually evaporates, continuously providing water for the cement hydration reaction, ensuring sufficient hydration of the cement and improving the strength and durability of the cement matrix. In addition, after absorbing water, the bentonite expands in volume to form a gel, which can fill the tiny voids and cracks in the cement matrix and prevent water from seeping in. An SBS-modified emulsified asphalt water-sealing layer and an anti-seepage geomembrane waterproof layer are also provided at the bottom of the water-retaining layer to form a multi-layer anti-seepage structure that effectively isolates water.

[0027] (4) The embankment paving material provided by the present invention has good social and economic benefits. Compared with traditional measures such as building weirs, setting up spillways, flood discharge tunnels, and flood discharge culverts, the present invention has the characteristics of low comprehensive cost, simple and fast construction, fast curing speed, high strength, good durability, high resistance to seepage and abrasion, etc., which can reduce the cost of embankment construction and maintenance, improve the efficiency of flood prevention and emergency repair, and reduce the possibility of disasters such as embankment instability and collapse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the dam paving material provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the application of the dam paving material provided by the present invention on the dam body.

[0030] Icons: 1-anti-scour layer; 1.1-upper mesh layer; 1.2-wrapping layer; 1.3-lower mesh layer; 2-self-solidifying layer; 2.1-filter layer; 2.2-solidifying layer; 2.3-matrix layer; 3-anti-seepage layer; 3.1-water-retaining layer; 3.2-water-sealing layer; 3.3-water-isolating layer; 4.1-fiber connection protrusion; 4.2-fiber connection depression; 5-three-dimensional fiber connection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods or test methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods; the raw materials and auxiliary agents, unless otherwise specified, are all obtained from conventional commercial channels or prepared by conventional methods.

[0033] In the context of this disclosure (especially in the context of the claims), use of the terms "a," "an," "the," and similar referents are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,") unless otherwise indicated.

[0034] The "holes" of the present invention are not limited in shape and can be circular, square or other regular or irregular shapes.

[0035] The term "cement" refers to a ground hydraulic binder whose main components are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. It typically also contains small amounts of calcium sulfate (gypsum and / or hemihydrate and / or anhydrite), and optionally minor components and / or cement additives such as grinding aids. The main components may be present in an amount exceeding 5% by weight. These main components may be Portland cement clinker (also known as clinker or cement clinker), slag sand, natural or artificial pozzolans, fly ash, such as siliceous or calcareous fly ash, burned shale, limestone, and / or silica fume. As minor components, the cement may contain up to 5% by weight of finely divided inorganic minerals derived from the clinker preparation.

[0036] The term "cement-based composition" refers to any of fine aggregate concrete, cement paste, and mortar. The terms "mortar," "fine aggregate concrete," and "cement paste" are well-known terms in the art. Mortar is cement paste that additionally includes sand. Fine aggregate concrete is mortar that additionally includes fine aggregate, such as gravel or stone. Cement paste is a paste in a particularly flowable form for filling voids. A cement-based composition can be formed by mixing the desired amounts of certain components, such as hydratable cement, water, admixtures, and fine aggregate, to prepare a particular cement-based composition.

[0037] The curing material for the self-curing layer of the paving material of the present invention is a cement-based composition, which includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 780-880 parts of sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 120-220 parts of gypsum, 15-45 parts of silica fume, and 2-4 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder.

[0038] The sulphoaluminate cement clinker has a grade of 72.5, the gypsum is hemihydrate gypsum, and the cement-based composition further comprises 0.007 wt % to 0.012 wt % of Wenlun rubber powder.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] See also Figure 1 The embankment pavement material provided by the present invention is composed of an anti-scouring layer (1), a self-solidifying layer (2) and an anti-seepage layer (3), wherein the anti-scouring layer (1) comprises an upper hanging mesh layer (1.1), a wrapping layer (1.2) and a lower hanging mesh layer (1.3); the self-solidifying layer (2) comprises a filter layer (2.1), a solidifying layer (2.2) and a matrix layer (2.3); and the anti-seepage layer (3) comprises a water-retaining layer (3.1), a water-sealing layer (3.2) and a water-isolating layer (3.3).

[0041] Pavement material samples were prepared using the cement-based composition provided by the present invention. 840 parts of sulfoaluminate cement clinker, 160 parts of gypsum, 25 parts of silica fume, and 3 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder were weighed, and 0.009 wt% of Wenlun rubber powder was added and stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based composition powder. The water-isolating layer (3.3) was composed of polyethylene film and non-woven fabric, the water-sealing layer (3.2) was composed of SBS-modified emulsified asphalt, the water-retaining layer (3.1) was composed of composite geotextile, non-woven geotextile, and bentonite, the matrix layer (2.3) was composed of basalt fiber fabric, the solidifying layer (2.2) was a multi-porous mesh structure made of PET fiber, the filter layer (2.1) was made of polyester staple fiber, the lower mesh layer (1.3) was made of nylon fiber, the wrapping layer (1.2) was a porous canvas fabric, and the upper mesh layer (1.1) was a dense plain weave canvas.

[0042] The amount of SBS modified emulsified asphalt is 1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0043] The bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the filling amount is 65wt%.

[0044] The thickness of the solidified layer (2.2) is 15 mm.

[0045] The cement-based composition is filled into the solidified layer (2.2) and prepared into a paving material sample by three-dimensional fiber weaving (5). Water is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the sample to cause it to solidify and harden. The amount of water sprinkled is converted into an equivalent water-cement ratio of 0.43. The sample is tested for 3d compressive strength, 3d flexural strength, impermeability grade, and abrasion resistance. The compressive and flexural strength tests are conducted in accordance with GB / T50081-2019 "Standard for Test Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete"; the impermeability and abrasion resistance tests refer to SL / T352-2020 "Test Procedures for Hydraulic Concrete", where the impermeability test adopts the step-by-step pressurization method, and the abrasion resistance test adopts the underwater steel ball method.

[0046] The preparation method of the paving material comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1: Fill 65wt% bentonite between the composite geotextile and the non-woven geotextile, prepare a water-retaining layer (3.1) by needle punching, lay a matrix layer (2.3) and a solidifying layer (2.2) on the water-retaining layer (3.1) in sequence, and connect the three layers by initial weaving with three-dimensional fibers (5) to form a whole, with the water-retaining layer facing downward and the solidifying layer facing upward on a vibration table;

[0048] The connection between the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the matrix layer (2.3) has a convex and concave structure, which can be interlocked and engaged with each other;

[0049] The solidified layer (2.2) is a multi-void network structure made of PET fibers and has a thickness of 15 mm.

[0050] S2: The cement-based composition is mixed and stirred evenly, and then filled into the solidified layer (2.2). The mold is continuously vibrated up and down to fill the powder until the multi-porous network structure fabric can no longer be filled, and excess powder on the surface is brushed off;

[0051] S3: Laying the filter layer (2.1), the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3), the wrapping layer (1.2) and the upper hanging mesh layer (1.1) on the solidifying layer (2.2) in sequence, and connecting and bonding the anti-scouring layer, the self-solidifying layer and the anti-seepage layer through secondary weaving of the three-dimensional fiber (5) to form a whole;

[0052] The connection between the filter layer (2.1) and the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3) has a convex and concave structure, which can be interlocked and engaged with each other;

[0053] S4: Apply 1.2kg / m2 evenly on the bottom of the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the upper part of the water-isolating layer (3.3). 2 The SBS modified emulsified asphalt water sealing layer (3.2) is immersed into the water retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) to enhance the adhesion and impermeability of the anti-seepage layer;

[0054] S5: Water is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the mesh layer (1.1) on the paving material. The water penetrates into the solidifying layer (2.2) at a uniform speed through the anti-scour layer (1), and undergoes a hydration reaction with the cement-based composition of the solidifying layer (2.2), causing the paving material to solidify and harden. Excess water penetrates downward into the water-retaining layer, is absorbed by the bentonite to form a gel, and continuously provides water during the subsequent hydration reaction. During the curing process, the cement-based composition at the joints of the raised and recessed structures is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3), forming an effective bond, thereby forming a stable whole of the paving material.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The embankment pavement material provided by the present invention comprises an anti-scouring layer (1), a self-solidifying layer (2) and an anti-seepage layer (3), wherein the anti-scouring layer (1) comprises an upper mesh layer (1.1), a wrapping layer (1.2) and a lower mesh layer (1.3); the self-solidifying layer (2) comprises a filter layer (2.1), a solidifying layer (2.2) and a matrix layer (2.3); and the anti-seepage layer (3) comprises a water-retaining layer (3.1), a water-sealing layer (3.2) and a water-isolating layer (3.3).

[0057] A paving material sample was prepared using the cement-based composition provided by the present invention. 820 parts of sulfoaluminate cement clinker, 180 parts of gypsum, 20 parts of silica fume, and 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder were weighed, and 0.008 wt% of Wenlun rubber powder was added and stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based composition powder. The water-isolating layer (3.3) was composed of polyethylene film and non-woven fabric, the water-sealing layer (3.2) was composed of SBS-modified emulsified asphalt, the water-retaining layer (3.1) was composed of composite geotextile, non-woven geotextile, and bentonite, the matrix layer (2.3) was composed of basalt fiber fabric, the solidifying layer (2.2) was a multi-porous mesh structure made of PET fiber, the filter layer (2.1) was made of polyester staple fiber, the lower mesh layer (1.3) was made of nylon fiber, the wrapping layer (1.2) was a porous canvas fabric, and the upper mesh layer (1.1) was a dense plain weave canvas.

[0058] The amount of SBS modified emulsified asphalt is 1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0059] The bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the filling amount is 65wt%.

[0060] The thickness of the solidified layer (2.2) is 15 mm.

[0061] The cement-based composition is filled into the solidified layer (2.2) and prepared into a paving material sample by three-dimensional fiber weaving (5). Water is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the sample to cause it to solidify and harden. The amount of water sprinkled is converted into an equivalent water-cement ratio of 0.43. The sample is tested for 3d compressive strength, 3d flexural strength, impermeability grade, and abrasion resistance. The compressive and flexural strength tests are conducted in accordance with GB / T50081-2019 "Standard for Test Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete"; the impermeability and abrasion resistance tests refer to SL / T352-2020 "Test Procedures for Hydraulic Concrete", where the impermeability test adopts the step-by-step pressurization method, and the abrasion resistance test adopts the underwater steel ball method.

[0062] The preparation method of the paving material comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1: Fill 65wt% bentonite between the composite geotextile and the non-woven geotextile, prepare a water-retaining layer (3.1) by needle punching, lay a matrix layer (2.3) and a solidifying layer (2.2) on the water-retaining layer (3.1) in sequence, and connect the three layers by initial weaving with three-dimensional fibers (5) to form a whole, with the water-retaining layer facing downward and the solidifying layer facing upward on a vibration table;

[0064] The connection between the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the matrix layer (2.3) has a convex and concave structure, which can be interlocked and engaged with each other;

[0065] The solidified layer (2.2) is a multi-void network structure made of PET fibers and has a thickness of 15 mm.

[0066] S2: The cement-based composition is mixed and stirred evenly, and then filled into the solidified layer (2.2). The mold is continuously vibrated up and down to fill the powder until the multi-porous network structure fabric can no longer be filled, and excess powder on the surface is brushed off;

[0067] S3: Laying the filter layer (2.1), the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3), the wrapping layer (1.2) and the upper hanging mesh layer (1.1) on the solidifying layer (2.2) in sequence, and connecting and bonding the anti-scouring layer, the self-solidifying layer and the anti-seepage layer through secondary weaving of the three-dimensional fiber (5) to form a whole;

[0068] The connection between the filter layer (2.1) and the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3) has a convex and concave structure, which can be interlocked and engaged with each other;

[0069] S4: Apply 1.2kg / m2 evenly on the bottom of the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the upper part of the water-isolating layer (3.3). 2 The SBS modified emulsified asphalt water sealing layer (3.2) is immersed into the water retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) to enhance the adhesion and impermeability of the anti-seepage layer;

[0070] S5: Water is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the mesh layer (1.1) on the paving material. The water penetrates into the solidifying layer (2.2) at a uniform speed through the anti-scour layer (1), and undergoes a hydration reaction with the cement-based composition of the solidifying layer (2.2), causing the paving material to solidify and harden. Excess water penetrates downward into the water-retaining layer, is absorbed by the bentonite to form a gel, and continuously provides water during the subsequent hydration reaction. During the curing process, the cement-based composition at the joints of the raised and recessed structures is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3), forming an effective bond, thereby forming a stable whole of the paving material.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The embankment pavement material provided by the present invention comprises an anti-scouring layer (1), a self-solidifying layer (2) and an anti-seepage layer (3), wherein the anti-scouring layer (1) comprises an upper mesh layer (1.1), a wrapping layer (1.2) and a lower mesh layer (1.3); the self-solidifying layer (2) comprises a filter layer (2.1), a solidifying layer (2.2) and a matrix layer (2.3); and the anti-seepage layer (3) comprises a water-retaining layer (3.1), a water-sealing layer (3.2) and a water-isolating layer (3.3).

[0073] Paving material samples were prepared using the cement-based composition provided by the present invention. 800 parts of sulfoaluminate cement clinker, 200 parts of gypsum, 17 parts of silica fume, and 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder were weighed, and 0.007 wt% of Wenlun rubber powder was added and stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based composition powder. The water-isolating layer (3.3) was composed of polyethylene film and non-woven fabric, the water-sealing layer (3.2) was composed of SBS-modified emulsified asphalt, the water-retaining layer (3.1) was composed of composite geotextile, non-woven geotextile, and bentonite, the matrix layer (2.3) was composed of basalt fiber fabric, the solidifying layer (2.2) was a multi-porous mesh structure made of PET fiber, the filter layer (2.1) was made of polyester staple fiber, the lower mesh layer (1.3) was made of nylon fiber, the wrapping layer (1.2) was a porous canvas fabric, and the upper mesh layer (1.1) was a dense plain weave canvas.

[0074] The amount of SBS modified emulsified asphalt is 1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0075] The bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the filling amount is 65wt%.

[0076] The thickness of the solidified layer (2.2) is 15 mm.

[0077] The cement-based composition is filled into the solidified layer (2.2) and prepared into a paving material sample by three-dimensional fiber weaving (5). Water is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the sample to cause it to solidify and harden. The amount of water sprinkled is converted into an equivalent water-cement ratio of 0.43. The sample is tested for 3d compressive strength, 3d flexural strength, impermeability grade, and abrasion resistance. The compressive and flexural strength tests are conducted in accordance with GB / T50081-2019 "Standard for Test Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete"; the impermeability and abrasion resistance tests refer to SL / T352-2020 "Test Procedures for Hydraulic Concrete", where the impermeability test adopts the step-by-step pressurization method, and the abrasion resistance test adopts the underwater steel ball method.

[0078] The preparation method of the paving material comprises the following steps:

[0079] S1: Fill 65wt% bentonite between the composite geotextile and the non-woven geotextile, prepare a water-retaining layer (3.1) by needle punching, lay a matrix layer (2.3) and a solidifying layer (2.2) on the water-retaining layer (3.1) in sequence, and connect the three layers by initial weaving with three-dimensional fibers (5) to form a whole, with the water-retaining layer facing downward and the solidifying layer facing upward on a vibration table;

[0080] The connection between the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the matrix layer (2.3) has a convex and concave structure, which can be interlocked and engaged with each other;

[0081] The solidified layer (2.2) is a multi-void network structure made of PET fibers and has a thickness of 15 mm.

[0082] S2: The cement-based composition is mixed and stirred evenly, and then filled into the solidified layer (2.2). The mold is continuously vibrated up and down to fill the powder until the multi-porous network structure fabric can no longer be filled, and excess powder on the surface is brushed off;

[0083] S3: Laying the filter layer (2.1), the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3), the wrapping layer (1.2) and the upper hanging mesh layer (1.1) on the solidifying layer (2.2) in sequence, and connecting and bonding the anti-scouring layer, the self-solidifying layer and the anti-seepage layer through secondary weaving of the three-dimensional fiber (5) to form a whole;

[0084] The connection between the filter layer (2.1) and the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3) has a convex and concave structure, which can be interlocked and engaged with each other;

[0085] S4: Apply 1.2kg / m2 evenly on the bottom of the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the upper part of the water-isolating layer (3.3). 2 The SBS modified emulsified asphalt water sealing layer (3.2) is immersed into the water retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) to enhance the adhesion and impermeability of the anti-seepage layer;

[0086] S5: Water is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the mesh layer (1.1) on the paving material. The water penetrates into the solidifying layer (2.2) at a uniform speed through the anti-scour layer (1), and undergoes a hydration reaction with the cement-based composition of the solidifying layer (2.2), causing the paving material to solidify and harden. Excess water penetrates downward into the water-retaining layer, is absorbed by the bentonite to form a gel, and continuously provides water during the subsequent hydration reaction. During the curing process, the cement-based composition at the joints of the raised and recessed structures is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3), forming an effective bond, thereby forming a stable whole of the paving material.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] Raw material selection: 840 parts of sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 160 parts of gypsum, 25 parts of silica fume, 3 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder, 0.009wt% of Wenlun rubber powder were added, and the mixture was stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based composite powder.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] Raw material selection: 820 parts of sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 180 parts of gypsum, 20 parts of silica fume, 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder, 0.008wt% of Wenlun rubber powder are added, and the mixture is stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based composite powder.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] Raw material selection: 800 parts of sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 200 parts of gypsum, 17 parts of silica fume, 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid powder, 0.007wt% of Wenlun rubber powder are added, and the mixture is stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based composite powder.

[0093] The above powders are placed in molds for vibration compaction, and water is added to prepare cement paste with a water-cement ratio of 0.43. Since the paving material of the embodiment is solidified by sprinkling water, the comparative cement powder is not stirred after adding water. A spray bottle is used to evenly spray a fine mist of water on the surface of the cement powder to fully infiltrate the cement powder with water. The prepared cement paste is placed in corresponding molds to form test blocks, and its 3d compressive strength, 3d flexural strength, impermeability grade and impact and abrasion resistance are tested. The compression and flexural strength tests are carried out in accordance with GB / T50081-2019 "Standard for Test Methods of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete"; the impermeability and impact and abrasion resistance tests refer to SL / T352-2020 "Test Procedures for Hydraulic Concrete", wherein the impermeability performance test adopts the step-by-step pressurization method, and the impact and abrasion resistance test adopts the underwater steel ball method.

[0094] The performance test results of the embodiment and the comparative example are shown in Table 1:

[0095] Experimental group 3d compressive strength (MPa) 3d flexural strength (MPa) Impermeability grade <![CDATA[Abrasion and impact resistance strength (h·m 2 / kg)]]> Example 1 61.28 7.37 W12 73.64 Example 2 63.46 7.32 W12 67.41 Example 3 59.50 6.94 W11 64.97 Comparative Example 1 49.63 6.23 W9 8.74 Comparative Example 2 54.70 6.74 W8 8.65 Comparative Example 3 51.38 6.11 W8 6.81

[0096] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the compressive and flexural strengths of the dam paving materials prepared using Examples 1-3 of the present invention are both higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-3. The multi-layer fabric arrangement connected with the three-dimensional mesh fibers effectively improves the mechanical properties of the cement-based composition. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the water-isolating layer, water-sealing layer, and water-retaining layer of Examples 1-3 form a multiple anti-seepage structure, giving the paving material good anti-seepage performance. The anti-scour layer formed by the upper hanging mesh layer, the wrapping layer, and the lower hanging mesh layer gives the paving material excellent anti-abrasion strength. The dam paving material prepared by the present invention has high anti-seepage and anti-abrasion properties, can effectively resist water scouring and sand and gravel wear, block water infiltration, reduce the impact and erosion of floods on the main structure of earth and rock dams, and reduce the risk of embankment instability and dam failure. When the paving material is used for flood prevention and rescue in reservoirs, dams, ditches, etc., water is sprayed on the paving material, and the water flows from top to bottom into the self-curing layer, prompting the self-curing layer to solidify; during the curing process, the self-curing layer is embedded in the pore structure of at least a part of the anti-scour layer and the anti-seepage layer, thereby stabilizing the paving material as a whole, and finally forming Figure 2 structure.

[0097] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam paving material, characterized in that: From top to bottom, it includes an anti-scour layer (1), a self-curing layer (2), and an anti-seepage layer (3).

2. The embankment paving material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-scour layer (1) comprises, from bottom to top, a lower mesh layer (1.3), a wrapping layer (1.2), and an upper mesh layer (1.1); the lower mesh layer (1.3) is made of an organic fiber fabric; the wrapping layer (1.2) is a canvas fabric with a porous structure and has certain water absorption and water retention properties; the upper mesh layer (1.1) is a dense plain or twill canvas that can resist water scouring and ensure uniform water penetration.

3. The embankment paving material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the anti-scour layer (1) is selected from one or more of cotton fabric and linen fabric.

4. The embankment paving material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-solidifying layer (2) comprises, from bottom to top, a matrix layer (2.3), a solidifying layer (2.2) and a filter layer (2.1). The matrix layer (2.3) is made of one or more materials selected from inorganic fiber fabrics and organic fiber fabrics. The solidifying layer (2.2) is a 3D-woven organic fiber fabric with a multi-porous structure. The filter layer (2.1) is made of geosynthetics, including one or more of polyester, nylon, acrylic, chloroprene, vinylon, spandex, and polyolefin stretch yarn. The filter layer (2.1) facilitates the passage of water while reducing the loss of solid particles.

5. The embankment paving material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inorganic fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers; the organic fibers include one or more of polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, nylon fibers, polypropylene fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, and polyimide fibers.

6. The embankment paving material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curing material of the self-curing layer (2) is selected from one or more of cement, cement-based composition, and high molecular polymer, the cement-based composition includes any one of fine aggregate concrete, cement paste, and mortar, and the high molecular polymer includes any one of acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-acrylate, polyacrylic acid, and polyurethane.

7. The embankment paving material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer (3) is composed of a water-isolating layer (3.3), a water-sealing layer (3.2), and a water-retaining layer (3.1) from bottom to top. The material of the water-isolating layer (3.3) is a geotechnical anti-seepage membrane, which is a composite of polyethylene film and non-woven fabric. The material of the water-sealing layer (3.2) is SBS modified emulsified asphalt, with a dosage of 1.1-1.4 kg / m 2 The water-sealing layer (3.2) is partially immersed in the aquiclude (3.3) and the water-retaining layer (3.1) to make them tightly bonded. The water-retaining layer (3.1) is formed by needle-punching a composite geotextile and a non-woven fabric, and is filled with 60-70wt% bentonite in the middle.

8. The embankment paving material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower hanging mesh layer (1.3), the filter layer (2.1), the matrix layer (2.3) and the water retention layer (3.1) all have a convex (4.1) and concave (4.2) structure, and can be interlocked and engaged with each other to form a tight connection.

9. The method for preparing the embankment paving material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Filling the space between the composite geotextile and the non-woven geotextile with 60-70 wt% bentonite, preparing a water-retaining layer (3.1) by needle punching, laying a matrix layer (2.3) and a solidifying layer (2.2) on the water-retaining layer (3.1) in sequence, and initially weaving the three layers together through three-dimensional fibers (5) to form a whole; S2: Filling the solidified material that has been mechanically stirred uniformly into the solidified layer (2.2) by vibrating or negative pressure filling until the solidified material fills the solidified layer (2.2); S3: Laying the filter layer (2.1), the lower hanging mesh layer (1.3), the wrapping layer (1.2) and the upper hanging mesh layer (1.1) on the solidifying layer (2.2) in sequence, and connecting and bonding the anti-scouring layer, the self-solidifying layer and the anti-seepage layer through secondary weaving of the three-dimensional fiber (5) to form a whole; S4: Apply SBS modified emulsified asphalt evenly between the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) as the water-sealing layer (3.2), allowing it to penetrate into the water-retaining layer (3.1) and the water-isolating layer (3.3) to enhance the adhesion and impermeability of the anti-seepage layer; S5: The self-curing layer (2) is embedded in the anti-scour layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (3) during the water-adding and curing process, forming an effective bond, thereby forming a stable whole of the paving material.

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