Polyester and pre-oxidized fiber mixed non-woven fabric as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and particularly relates to a polyester and pre-oxidized fiber mixed non-woven fabric and a preparation method and application thereof, and the mixed non-woven fabric comprises the following components by weight: 15%-70% of polyester and 30%-85% of pre-oxidized fiber. The invention provides a polyester and pre-oxidized fiber mixed non-woven fabric, a preparation method thereof and application of the non-woven fabric in preparation of carbon fibers. By reasonably selecting the proportion (15%-70% of polyester and 30%-85% of pre-oxidized fibers) of polyester and pre-oxidized fibers and adopting specific opening, carding, lapping and needling processes, the technical problems that mixed fibers are prone to breakage, uneven in distribution, poor in entanglement and the like in the processing process are successfully solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and in particular relates to a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an advanced composite material with high strength, high modulus, and low density, carbon fiber has broad application prospects in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, sports equipment, electronic equipment, and other fields. With the growing demand for lightweight and high-performance materials, the research and development of carbon fiber and its precursor materials has become one of the important directions in current materials science.

[0003] Currently, the main precursor of carbon fiber is polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based fiber, and its preparation process generally includes multiple steps such as raw yarn preparation, pre-oxidation, and carbonization. Among them, non-woven fabric structures are gradually being used in the preparation of carbon fiber precursors due to their strong structural designability, high production efficiency, and relatively low cost. However, the single PAN fiber or its pre-oxidized yarn used in traditional methods has problems such as poor processing performance, insufficient strength, and complex process during the web forming process, which limits its application in large-scale industrial production.

[0004] Polyester fiber is widely used in the textile industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, good thermal stability, and low cost. However, polyester itself is difficult to directly use in the production of carbon fibers. The key challenge in current technological development is how to effectively combine polyester with pre-oxidized yarns to achieve efficient production of blended nonwovens through optimal ratios and process control, and further utilize them in the production of carbon fibers.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric comprises the following components in terms of weight percentage: 15%-70% of polyester and 30%-85% of pre-oxidized yarn.

[0009] Furthermore, the mixed non-woven fabric includes the following components in terms of weight percentage: 15% polyester and 85% pre-oxidized yarn.

[0010] A method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) Raw material preparation

[0012] Prepare polyester and pre-oxidized yarn according to the above component ratio and mix them;

[0013] (2) Opening process

[0014] The mixed raw materials are fed into the opener, and the beater speed of the opener is adjusted to 650-800 rpm. The opening distance of the opener is adjusted according to the fiber length, linear density and curl, so that the short fibers are gently opened.

[0015] (3) Carding process

[0016] The opened staple fibers are fed into the carding machine. The conventional speed ratio of the carding machine is adjusted to 15-18, the cylinder speed is 650-800 rpm, the distance between the cylinder and the doffer is 0.25-0.35 mm, and the distance between the transfer roller is 0.1 mm.

[0017] (4) Laying process

[0018] The carded web is fed into the web laying machine, the web laying speed of the web laying machine is controlled below 40m / min, and the web laying machine trolley stroke is adjusted to stretch to 100-120%;

[0019] (5) Acupuncture process

[0020] After laying, the web is punched through a multi-stage needle punching process to gradually increase the degree of entanglement.

[0021] After the polyester and pre-oxidized yarn are mixed in step (1), the humidity in the workshop is controlled at 40%-70%.

[0022] The specific process of step (2) is as follows: for long fibers with a fiber length of more than 51 mm, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is adopted; for short fibers with a fiber length of less than 38 mm, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is adopted; for coarse denier fibers with a linear density of more than 3D, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is adopted; for fine denier fibers with a linear density of less than 3D, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is adopted; for crimp numbers of 15-30, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is adopted, and for crimp numbers of 30-50, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is adopted.

[0023] The travel of the web laying machine trolley in step (4) is adjusted to stretch to 100-110%.

[0024] The multi-stage needling process in step (5) includes three levels: pre-needling, main needling and fine needling. The model of the pre-needling needle is 36-38, and the needling density is 60-80 needles / m 2 The needle depth is 6-8mm; the main thorn needle model is 40-42, and the acupuncture density is 150-300 needles / m 2The needle depth is 3-6mm; the needle model of the fine needle is 42-45, and the acupuncture density is 400-600 needles / m 2 , the needle depth is 0.5-1mm.

[0025] The needle leaf angles of the pre-puncture, main puncture and fine puncture are all 15°-20°.

[0026] The invention discloses an application of preparing carbon fiber by using polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric, which comprises the following steps in sequence: non-woven needling, grey fabric pre-shrinking, polyurethane impregnation, alkali reduction, shaping and drying, sanding, dyeing, drying, post-finishing and inspection and packaging.

[0027] The temperature of the grey cloth pre-shrinkage is controlled at 90-150°C; the concentration of the liquid alkali for alkali reduction is controlled at 1%-5%, and the temperature is controlled at 80-100°C; the setting temperature of the setting and drying is controlled at 90-150°C; and the dyeing temperature is controlled at 100-130°C.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] (1) The present application provides a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof, as well as the application of the non-woven fabric in the preparation of carbon fibers; by rationally selecting the ratio of polyester to pre-oxidized yarn (15%-70% polyester and 30%-85% pre-oxidized yarn) and adopting specific opening, carding, laying and needling processes, the technical problems of easy breakage, uneven distribution and poor entanglement of mixed fibers during processing are successfully solved;

[0030] (2) The polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric prepared in this application has good uniformity, mechanical properties and processability, can meet the requirements of subsequent carbonization treatment, and significantly reduces the cost of raw materials. In addition, by optimizing the needling process parameters (such as staged needling, needle type selection, needling density and depth, etc.), the density and structural stability of the non-woven fabric are further improved;

[0031] (3) At the application level, the hybrid non-woven fabric can be used for the continuous production of carbon fibers. Compared with ordinary fibers, the carbon fibers produced can absorb odors, improve the flame retardant effect, and are light per unit area, which can achieve lightweighting. It is suitable for scenes such as shoes, automotive interiors, home textiles, and electronic products. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] A polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric, comprising the following components by weight: 15%-70% polyester and 30%-85% pre-oxidized yarn. Furthermore, the mixed non-woven fabric comprises the following components by weight: 15% polyester and 85% pre-oxidized yarn.

[0034] A method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Raw material preparation

[0036] Prepare polyester and pre-oxidized yarn according to the above component ratio and mix them;

[0037] (2) Opening process

[0038] The mixed raw materials are fed into the opener, and the beater speed of the opener is adjusted to 650-800 rpm. The opening distance of the opener is adjusted according to the fiber length, linear density and curl, so that the short fibers are gently opened.

[0039] (3) Carding process

[0040] The opened staple fibers are fed into the carding machine. The conventional speed ratio of the carding machine is adjusted to 15-18, the cylinder speed is 650-800 rpm, the distance between the cylinder and the doffer is 0.25-0.35 mm, and the distance between the transfer roller is 0.1 mm.

[0041] (4) Laying process

[0042] The carded web is fed into the web laying machine. The web laying speed of the web laying machine is controlled below 40m / min, and the web laying machine trolley stroke is adjusted to stretch to 100-120%:

[0043] (5) Acupuncture process

[0044] After laying, the web is punched through a multi-stage needle punching process to gradually increase the degree of entanglement.

[0045] In step (1), after the polyester and pre-oxidized yarn are mixed, the workshop humidity is controlled at 40%-70%. If the production environment humidity is too high (>70%), the fibers absorb moisture, resulting in loosening and adhesion, the breakage rate during opening exceeds 30%, the web uniformity is poor, and the finished product is prone to microbial growth. If the production environment humidity is too low (<40%), static electricity accumulates during production, the fibers disperse, the web is unevenly laid, and the weight fluctuates greatly. In addition, the raw material storage environment humidity is ≤50%; the temperature in the production environment is controlled at 25±5℃; and the humidity is controlled at 40-60%RH, preferably ≤50%RH to reduce moisture absorption.

[0046] The specific process of step (2) is as follows: for long fibers with a fiber length of more than 51 mm, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is used; for short fibers with a fiber length of less than 38 mm, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is used; for coarse denier fibers with a linear density of more than 3D, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is used; for fine denier fibers with a linear density of less than 3D, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is used; for curl numbers of 15-30, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is used; for curl numbers of 30-50, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is used. If the distance is too large, the fibers will not be fully opened, the fiber web will contain a lot of impurities, and the uniformity will be poor; if the distance is too small, the fibers will break and the short fiber rate will increase; if the distance is uneven, the fibers will be over-opened or agglomerated in some areas.

[0047] In step (3), if the cylinder speed is high (>1000rpm), it will have a positive effect: enhanced combing effect, high single fiber rate, improved fiber web uniformity, and enhanced fiber orientation (increased longitudinal strength); negative effects: increased fiber damage (short fiber rate>12%), static electricity accumulation, increased flying flowers, and increased energy consumption (increased by 30%). If the cylinder speed is low (<800rmp), it will have a positive effect: reduced fiber breakage (short fiber rate≤8%), reduced static electricity, and low energy consumption; negative effects: insufficient combing and poor fiber orientation (decreased transverse strength). If the spacing between the cylinder and the doffer is <0.2mm, it will have a positive effect: high fiber web transfer efficiency (stable weight), enhanced fiber directional arrangement (increased longitudinal strength); negative effects: excessive fiber stretching (increased breakage rate). If the spacing between the cylinder and the doffer is >0.3mm, it will have a positive effect: reduced fiber damage (decreased short fiber rate); negative effects: insufficient fiber transfer (decreased fiber web bulk) and large weight fluctuations.

[0048] The web laying machine trolley stroke in step (4) is adjusted to stretch to 100-110%. High-speed web laying (>100m / min): uneven fiber distribution (longitudinal stripes) and increased fluctuation in web weight. Low-speed web laying (<50m / min): Fibers tend to accumulate (too thick at the transverse edges). Too long a trolley stroke (over-coverage): excessive fiber dispersion (low weight in the middle area), increased equipment load, and higher energy consumption. Too short a trolley stroke (under-coverage): The web is too thin on both sides and too thick in the middle, with a transverse weight gradient of >15%.

[0049] The multi-stage needling process in step (5) includes three levels: pre-needling, main needling and fine needling. The model of the pre-needling needle is 36-38, and the needling density is 60-80 needles / m 2 The needle depth is 6-8mm. The main needle model is 40-42, and the density of the needle is 150-300 needles / m 2The needle depth is 3-6mm; the needle size of the fine needle is 42-45, and the acupuncture density is 400-600 needles / m 2 , the needle depth is 0.5-1mm. The needle blade angles for pre-needling, main needling and fine needling are all 15°-20°. Influence of needle number: If the needle number is too coarse, the puncture force is strong, the risk of fiber damage is high (the short fiber rate increases), the entanglement effect is tight but the surface is rough; if the needle number is too fine, the puncture force is weak, the risk of fiber damage is low (the fiber integrity is retained), the entanglement effect is uniform and the surface is smooth. Influence of needling density: If the needling density is too high: the fiber entanglement is too tight and the air permeability decreases, the fiber damage is aggravated, and the softness of the finished product is insufficient; if the needling density is too low: the fiber integrity, the softness and air permeability of the finished product are good, but the strength is low, the structure is loose, and it is easy to delaminate. Influence of needling depth: If the depth is too deep, the longitudinal strength and interlayer bonding force are good, but the fiber breakage rate is high, the air permeability is poor, and the surface of the finished product is rough. If the depth is too shallow, the fiber integrity, the air permeability of the finished product are good and the surface is smooth, but at the same time the entanglement is insufficient and the transverse strength is low.

[0050] The invention discloses an application of preparing carbon fiber by using polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric, which comprises the following steps in sequence: non-woven needling, grey fabric pre-shrinking, polyurethane impregnation, alkali reduction, shaping and drying, sanding, dyeing, drying, post-finishing and inspection and packaging.

[0051] Among them, the purpose of pre-shrinking the grey fabric is to allow the non-woven fabric to fully shrink to improve the texture, the width is changed from 175cm to 150cm, the density is increased by 25%±5, and the temperature is controlled at 90-150℃.

[0052] The purpose of polyurethane impregnation is to give the nonwoven fabric a leathery feel. After pre-shrinking, the nonwoven fabric is immersed in polyurethane liquid. Penetrants and other additives are added to allow it to fully penetrate the entire base fabric. The liquid carryover rate is controlled by squeezing rollers to ensure that the polyurethane content remaining in the nonwoven reaches the optimal texture. The fabric is then cured and proceeds to the next process.

[0053] The purpose of alkali reduction is to react 15%-70% of the COPET in the polyester to make its hairy edge delicate and soft. The temperature is controlled at 80-100℃ and the concentration of liquid alkali is controlled at 1%-5% to ensure that there is no COPET residue so as not to affect the subsequent dyeing and the final texture.

[0054] The purpose of shaping and drying is to dry the base after alkali reduction and unify the overall width. The temperature is controlled at 90-150℃ and the time is controlled at 5-10min.

[0055] The purpose of sanding is to comb the long and messy hair on the surface of the bass neatly and grind it into fineness; the sandpaper for sanding should be 100-600 mesh (the larger the sandpaper mesh, the finer the hair), and the speed of the sanding roller should be controlled at 600-1200r / min.

[0056] Purpose of dyeing: The brushed bass is dyed into the desired color through a water bath method at a temperature of 100-130°C. The dyeing process requires controlling the amount of dye used and the compatibility between dyes of different colors to achieve high fastness requirements.

[0057] Purpose of post-finishing: functional treatment (waterproof, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.).

[0058] Specifically, the density of the non-woven needle punching process is uniform, the thickness is consistent, and there are few needle marks; the temperature gradient in the pre-shrinkage process is increased, so that the carbon fiber non-woven fabric shrinks evenly and repeatedly; an appropriate amount of environmentally friendly flame retardant is added to the polyurethane resin in the resin impregnation environment to ensure that the final material achieves the required flame retardant effect; the liquid alkali concentration is generally controlled within 2% during alkali reduction to avoid damage to the performance of the carbon fiber material; the shaping and drying process controls the shaping temperature between 90-150°C; the sanding process controls the amount of sanding and the speed to achieve a certain granular and delicate effect; the dyeing process controls the dyeing temperature (generally it can be controlled at 100-130°C) to ensure uniform dyeing without exposing the bottom.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] 15% by weight of polyester and 85% by weight of pre-oxidized yarn were selected and the mixed non-woven fabric was prepared by the above method.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1, wherein 35% by weight of polyester and 65% by weight of pre-oxidized yarn are selected.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1, wherein 50% by weight of polyester and 50% by weight of pre-oxidized yarn are selected.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1, wherein 70% by weight of polyester and 30% by weight of pre-oxidized yarn are selected.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1, wherein the raw material is 100% polyester.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1, wherein the raw material is 100% pre-oxidized silk.

[0071] The non-woven fabrics prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested for grammage (GB / T 4669-2008), thickness (GB / T 3820), breaking strength (GB / T 1040.3), elongation at break (GB / T 1040.3), tear strength (GB / T 3917.3), pilling performance (GB / T 4802.2-2008), and burning characteristics (GB 8410). The specific results are shown in the following table:

[0072]

[0073] As can be seen from the table above, Experimental Examples 1 to 4 respectively show the performance of mixed non-woven fabrics containing different proportions of polyester and pre-oxidized yarn in terms of weight, thickness, breaking strength, elongation at break, tear strength, burning characteristics and pilling performance. For example, when the ratio of polyester to pre-oxidized yarn is 15%:85% (Experimental Example 1), its weight is 334g / m 2 , the thickness is 3.36mm, and when the ratio is adjusted to 70%:30% (Experimental Example 4), the gram weight increases to 355.67g / m 2 , and the thickness is 3.29mm.

[0074] From the data of breaking strength and elongation at break, it can be seen that with the increase of the proportion of polyester, the breaking strength of the material in the warp and weft directions is significantly improved. For example, the warp breaking strength of Experimental Example 4 reaches 651.9N, which is much higher than the 212.77N of Experimental Example 1. At the same time, the elongation at break also shows a similar trend, indicating that the toughness of the material has been enhanced. However, in terms of tearing strength and burning characteristics, all experimental examples performed excellently, with tearing strength exceeding 100N in all directions and burning characteristics grades of A-0, showing good fire resistance. As for pilling performance, with the increase of the proportion of pre-oxidized yarn, the pilling phenomenon of the fabric is gradually optimized, and the aesthetics and feel of the fabric are better.

[0075] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 demonstrate the performance of 100% polyester and 100% pre-oxidized yarn materials, respectively, as benchmarks for comparison. The results show that while pure polyester exhibits high breaking and tear strength, it suffers from poor combustion characteristics, while pure pre-oxidized yarn is slightly inferior in all performance categories.

[0076] In summary, the present application provides a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric and its preparation method, as well as the application of the non-woven fabric in the preparation of carbon fiber; by reasonably selecting the ratio of polyester and pre-oxidized yarn (15%-70% polyester and 30%-85% pre-oxidized yarn), and adopting specific opening, carding, laying and needling processes, the technical problems such as easy breakage, uneven distribution, and poor entanglement of mixed fibers during processing are successfully solved; and the polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric prepared by the present application has good uniformity, mechanical properties and processability, can meet the requirements of subsequent carbonization treatment, and significantly reduces the cost of raw materials. In addition, by optimizing the needling process parameters (such as staged needling, needle type selection, needling density and depth, etc.), the density and structural stability of the non-woven fabric are further improved.

[0077] At the application level, the hybrid non-woven fabric disclosed in this application can be used for the continuous production of carbon fiber. Compared with ordinary fibers, the prepared carbon fiber can absorb odors (the test is carried out according to the Q / BYDQ-A1901.404 specification, and the prepared carbon fiber is placed in an 80°C electric constant temperature drying oven, baked for 2 hours, and manually rated), and the flame retardant effect is improved (the combustion characteristics in both the warp and weft directions are A-0), and the unit area is light, which can achieve lightweighting and is suitable for scenarios such as footwear, automotive interiors, home textiles, and electronic products.

[0078] It should be noted that all weight coefficients, thresholds, threshold intervals, and target values ​​in the present invention are empirical values ​​and can be modified based on the characteristics of the type of data to be evaluated.

[0079] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric, characterized in that: According to weight percentage, the mixed non-woven fabric includes the following components: 15% to 70% of polyester and 30% to 85% of pre-oxidized yarn.

2. A polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to weight percentage, the mixed non-woven fabric includes the following components: 15% polyester and 85% pre-oxidized yarn.

3. A method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Raw material preparation Prepare polyester and pre-oxidized yarn according to the above component ratio and mix them; (2) Opening process The mixed raw materials are fed into the opener, and the beater speed of the opener is adjusted to 650-800 rpm. The opening distance of the opener is adjusted according to the fiber length, linear density and curl, so that the short fibers are gently opened. (3) Carding process The opened staple fibers are fed into the carding machine. The conventional speed ratio of the carding machine is adjusted to 15-18, the cylinder speed is 650-800 rpm, the distance between the cylinder and the doffer is 0.25-0.35 mm, and the distance between the transfer roller is 0.1 mm. (4) Laying process The carded web is fed into the web laying machine, the web laying speed of the web laying machine is controlled below 40m / min, and the web laying machine trolley stroke is adjusted to stretch to 100-120%; (5) Acupuncture process After laying, the web is punched through a multi-stage needle punching process to gradually increase the degree of entanglement.

4. The method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 3, wherein: After the polyester and pre-oxidized yarn are mixed in step (1), the humidity in the workshop is controlled at 40%-70%.

5. The method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of step (2) is as follows: for long fibers with a fiber length of more than 51 mm, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is adopted; for short fibers with a fiber length of less than 38 mm, a small opening distance of 58 mm is adopted; for coarse denier fibers with a linear density of more than 3D, a large opening distance of 812 mm is adopted; for fine denier fibers with a linear density of less than 3D, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is adopted; for crimp numbers of 15-30, a large opening distance of 8-12 mm is adopted, and for crimp numbers of 30-50, a small opening distance of 5-8 mm is adopted.

6. The method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 3, wherein: The travel of the web laying machine trolley in step (4) is adjusted to stretch to 100-110%.

7. The method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 3, wherein: The multi-stage acupuncture process in step (5) includes three levels: pre-puncture, main puncture and fine puncture. The model of the pre-puncture needle is 36-38, and the density of acupuncture is 60-80 needles / m 2 The needle depth is 6-8mm; the main thorn needle model is 40-42, and the acupuncture density is 150-300 needles / m 2 The needle depth is 3-6mm; the needle model of the fine needle is 42-45, and the acupuncture density is 400-600 needles / m 2 , the needle depth is 0.5-1mm.

8. The method for preparing a polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric according to claim 7, wherein: The needle leaf angles of the pre-puncture, main puncture and fine puncture are all 15°-20°.

9. An application of the polyester and pre-oxidized yarn mixed non-woven fabric as claimed in claim 1 to prepare carbon fibers, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps in sequence: non-woven needle punching, grey fabric pre-shrinking, polyurethane impregnation, alkali reduction, shaping and drying, sanding, dyeing, drying, post-finishing, inspection and packaging.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature of the grey cloth pre-shrinkage is controlled at 90-150°C; the concentration of the liquid alkali for alkali reduction is controlled at 1%-5%, and the temperature is controlled at 80-100°C; the setting temperature of the setting and drying is controlled at 90-150°C; and the dyeing temperature is controlled at 100-130°C.

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