Bucket and engineering vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a bucket and an engineering van, and relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, the bucket comprises a bucket main body, the front end of the bucket main body is open, the rear end of the bucket main body is closed, and the bucket main body is bilaterally symmetrical about a first plane; a left side plate of the bucket body gradually extends in the direction away from the first plane from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body. According to the invention, stress concentration can be reduced, and double improvement of working efficiency and storage stability can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, and in particular to a bucket and an engineering vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Buckets are core components in mining, earthmoving, and other fields. Their structural strength, wear resistance, and energy efficiency directly impact equipment life and operational efficiency. Traditional buckets often feature a rectangular design (rectangular outline when viewed from above or below), with their sidewalls and bottom plates partially reinforced with evenly distributed rectangular wear-resistant plates.

[0003] However, conventional rectangular buckets lack structural rigidity, and the side walls are prone to stress concentration due to non-uniform loads during excavation, leading to weld cracking or overall deformation. This is especially true when working with hard rock and highly abrasive materials. The fatigue life of the structure is significantly shortened, and energy efficiency and operating efficiency are low. When the rectangular bucket cuts into the material, the right-angled edges are prone to cause additional shear resistance, and the material containment stability is poor, resulting in extended excavation cycle time and increased energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bucket and an engineering vehicle to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, reduce stress concentration, and achieve a dual improvement in operating efficiency and storage stability.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a bucket, including a bucket body, the front end of the bucket body is open, the rear end of the bucket body is closed, the bucket body is left-right symmetrical about a first plane, and the left side plate of the bucket body gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body.

[0007] Preferably, the angle between the left side plate of the bucket body and the first plane is 10° to 20°.

[0008] Preferably, a honeycomb reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the outer side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body and the outer side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body, and the honeycomb reinforcement layer includes a number of evenly staggered regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates.

[0009] Preferably, the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate is connected to the inner side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the outer side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body or the outer side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body by simultaneously adopting stepped laser welding and high-strength bolts.

[0010] Preferably, there is a prestressed gap between any one of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates and the adjacent regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates; an annealed copper sheet is fixed between the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate and the inner side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the outer side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body or the outer side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body; the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate is a heterogeneous composite gradient material plate of high chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide.

[0011] Preferably, an external compact bone layer and an internal cancellous bone layer are fixedly provided on the outer side surface of the upper plate of the bucket body and the outer side surface of the rear plate of the bucket body, and the internal cancellous bone layer is placed between the external compact bone layer and the outer side surface of the upper plate of the bucket body or the outer side surface of the rear plate of the bucket body.

[0012] Preferably, the external compact bone layer includes a plurality of contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies, and any one of the contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies includes a plurality of contoured reinforcement unit plates arranged closely in parallel, the middle of the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate has a first groove, both sides of the first groove on the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate have first protrusions, the middle end face of the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate protrudes from the end faces on both sides of the middle, a second groove is provided between the middle end face of the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate and the end faces on both sides of the middle, and a third groove is provided on the first end of the left side and the first end of the right side of the contoured reinforcement unit plate; on the outer side of the upper plate of the bucket body, the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate is close to the front end of the bucket body, and the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate is close to the rear end of the bucket body, and all the contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies The cam is secured to the rear of the bucket body by a secure connection to the bucket frame, and the cam is secured to the rear of the bucket body by a secure connection to the bucket frame.

[0013] Preferably, a reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, and the reinforcement layer includes a plurality of special-shaped hexahedron unit plate assemblies, and any one of the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate assemblies includes a plurality of special-shaped hexahedron unit plates arranged closely in parallel, and the special-shaped hexahedron unit plates have a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface, a fifth side surface and a sixth side surface, and the first side surface, the second side surface, the third side surface, the fourth side surface, the fifth side surface and the sixth side surface are connected end to end in sequence, the first side surface is parallel to the fifth side surface, the second side surface is parallel to the fourth side surface, and the third side surface is parallel to the sixth side surface, the first side surface and the second side surface are connected to form a fourth groove, the fourth side surface and the fifth side surface are connected to form a second protrusion, and the third side surface and the sixth side surface are close to the first side surface. A fifth groove is provided on one end of each of the four grooves, and two long through holes parallel to the third side surface are provided on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate; the fourth groove on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate is close to the front end of the bucket body, and the second protrusion on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate is close to the rear end of the bucket body, and all the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate components are arranged closely side by side from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body, and the second protrusion on any one of the special-shaped hexahedron unit plates extends from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body into the fourth groove on the next special-shaped hexahedron unit plate; the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate has a surface layer and a bottom layer, and the surface layer is fixed on the bottom layer; the surface layer is a laser-clad composite layer of high chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide, and the bottom layer is a silicon carbide fiber preform formed by three-dimensional weaving.

[0014] Preferably, two tooth lips are fixedly provided at the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate of the bucket body and the left side plate of the bucket body, and at the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate of the bucket body and the left side plate of the bucket body; a honeycomb reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth lips; the honeycomb reinforcement layer includes a number of evenly staggered regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates, and the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates are obtained by laser additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide / cobalt-based alloys, and a self-compensating sealing gap exists between any one of the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates and the adjacent regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates, and a graphene-modified polyurethane elastomer is fixedly embedded in the self-compensating sealing gap.

[0015] The present invention also provides an engineering vehicle comprising the bucket as described above.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0017] The bucket and engineering vehicle provided by the present invention have a left side plate of the bucket body that gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body. The bucket body is bilaterally symmetrical about the first plane, that is, the right side plate of the bucket body gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body. The bucket provided in this embodiment has an overall trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body, and the rear end of the bucket body is wider than the front end of the bucket body. This eliminates the stress concentration problem at the right angles of a rectangular bucket and can achieve a bionic design that simulates the biomechanical characteristics of the occlusal surface of a crocodile skull, reducing the shear resistance when the bucket body cuts into the material, significantly reducing the digging resistance, and reducing the unit operation energy consumption. The left and right sides guide the material to the center of the bucket body, reducing the accumulation of material in the corners, increasing the effective loading capacity, and improving the unloading efficiency (especially for sticky materials). At the same time, the self-stabilizing effect formed by the trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile enhances the material carrying capacity and improves the material storage stability, thereby achieving a dual improvement in operation efficiency and storage stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a bucket provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the outer side of the bottom plate in FIG;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the contoured reinforcement unit plate;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the special-shaped hexahedral unit plate;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A single schematic diagram of a regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A single schematic diagram of a contoured reinforced unit plate;

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A single schematic diagram of a special-shaped hexahedral unit plate in;

[0027] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the tooth lip in;

[0028] In the figure: 1-bucket body, 2-left side plate, 3-right side plate, 4-bottom plate, 5-upper plate, 6-rear plate, 7-regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate, 8-profile reinforcement unit plate, 9-first groove, 10-first protrusion, 11-second groove, 12-third groove, 13-special-shaped hexahedral unit plate, 14-first side, 15-second side, 16-third side, 17-fourth side, 18-fifth side, 19-sixth side, 20-long through hole, 21-fifth groove, 22-tooth lip, 23-regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bucket and an engineering vehicle to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, reduce stress concentration, and achieve a dual improvement in operating efficiency and storage stability.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a bucket, including a bucket body 1, the front end of the bucket body 1 is open, the rear end of the bucket body 1 is closed, the bucket body 1 is left-right symmetrical about a first plane, and the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 gradually extends from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1 in a direction away from the first plane.

[0034] The bucket provided in this embodiment has a left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 that gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1. The bucket body 1 is left-right symmetrical about the first plane, that is, the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1. The bucket provided in this embodiment has a trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body 1, and the rear end of the bucket body 1 is wider than the front end of the bucket body 1, eliminating stress concentration at the right angles of the rectangular bucket. The invention can solve the problem and realize bionic design, simulate the biomechanical characteristics of the occlusal surface of the crocodile skull, reduce the shear resistance when the bucket body 1 cuts into the material, significantly reduce the digging resistance, and reduce the unit operation energy consumption. The left side plate 2 and the right side plate 3 guide the material to the center of the bucket body 1, reduce the accumulation of materials in the corners, increase the effective loading capacity, and improve the unloading efficiency (especially for sticky materials). At the same time, the self-stabilizing effect formed by the trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile is used to enhance the material carrying capacity, improve the material holding stability, and achieve a double improvement in operating efficiency and storage stability.

[0035] As a more preferred implementation of this embodiment, the bucket body 1 includes: a bucket body and a bucket door. The front end of the bucket body is open, which is a shoveling port, and the rear end of the bucket body is open, which is a discharge port. The bucket door is hinged at the discharge port position of the bucket body through a hinge shaft. The bucket door is the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1. When the discharge port is closed without discharging material, the bucket door is fixed by a movable switch and a spring.

[0036] As a more preferred implementation of this embodiment, the angle between the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 and the first plane is 10°~20°, which significantly improves the working efficiency and storage stability; in this embodiment, the angle between the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 and the first plane is 15°.

[0037] As a more preferred implementation of this embodiment, a honeycomb reinforcement layer is fixed on the inner side of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the outer side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 and the outer side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1. The honeycomb reinforcement layer includes a number of regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates 7 arranged evenly and staggered, and a bionic honeycomb topology configuration is used to fix the inner side of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the outer side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, and the bucket body. The inner side of the right side plate 3 of 1 and the outer side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 are wear-resistant reinforced. Based on the stress conduction principle of the crocodile skull suture, a modular protection system of regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 7 is constructed. The regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 7 are evenly staggered to form a honeycomb continuous arrangement, forming a concave and convex mortise and tenon structure, simulating the reticular bone system of the crocodile skull, simulating the mechanical transmission mechanism of the crocodile skull suture, realizing the topological interlocking effect between units, forming a quasi-continuous protection system with bionic mechanical properties, forming a continuous mechanical transmission path, and when the bucket is subjected to force, the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 7 are evenly staggered to form a honeycomb continuous arrangement, forming a concave and convex mortise and tenon structure, simulating the reticular bone system of the crocodile skull, simulating the mechanical transmission mechanism of the crocodile skull suture, realizing the topological interlocking effect between units, forming a quasi-continuous protection system with bionic mechanical properties, and forming a continuous mechanical transmission path. The hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 carries the impact load collaboratively through edge-to-edge contact, and the overall bending stiffness is increased by 25% to 30%, and the torsional stiffness is increased by 15% to 20%. The honeycomb-shaped regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 can effectively block the extension path of the cracks on the bucket body 1. The interlocking arrangement of the hexagonal honeycomb structure makes the stress evenly dispersed, avoiding the local "groove wear" caused by the traditional rectangular plate due to excessive gaps or sparse arrangement. The measured wear depth difference is reduced by more than 50%. The honeycomb interlocking structure ensures wear uniformity, and the service life is longer than that of the traditional rectangular wear-resistant plate. The service life is extended by 40%-50%, the maintenance efficiency is improved by 60%, and the lightweight characteristics of the hexagonal honeycomb structure (the weight is 30%-40% lower than that of the solid plate at the same coverage rate) can reduce the inertial load of the bucket. In addition, the left side plate 2 and the right side plate 3 are designed with symmetrical inner and outer panels to balance the center of gravity of the bucket and improve the control stability of the electric shovel; when the edges of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 come into contact with the material, its geometric configuration can induce the flow direction of the material and reduce the "furrow effect" when the bucket cuts in. The measured excavation resistance is reduced by 12%-15%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 10%-12%.

[0038] As a more preferred implementation of this embodiment, the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 is connected to the inner side of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the outer side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 or the outer side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 by stepped laser welding and high-strength bolts. The welding area of ​​the stepped laser welding covers the edge of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7, and the bolt hole for installing the high-strength bolt is located at the geometric center of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7, which ensures the connection. In order to improve the connection strength and avoid the problem of weld cracking caused by stress concentration, the double composite connection constructs a multi-level stress buffering and dissipation mechanism. Finite element analysis shows that this structure can reduce the stress peak and support independent disassembly and replacement. After a single regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 is damaged, it can be replaced independently by disassembling the high-strength bolts (the traditional bucket needs to be cut and welded as a whole). The maintenance time is shortened from 8 to 10 hours to 1 to 2 hours, and the downtime loss is reduced by 80%; stepped laser welding improves fatigue life; in this embodiment, the high-strength bolts are 12.9 grade alloy bolts.

[0039] As a more preferred implementation method of this embodiment, there is a prestressed gap between any regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 and the adjacent regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 to meet the thermodynamic deformation coordination requirements. When the edges of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 come into contact with the material, micro-turbulence is formed at the prestressed gap, which destroys the adhesion between the material and the bucket surface, and the unloading efficiency is improved by 20% to 25%, especially for sticky materials such as clay soil and wet slag. The regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 and the inner side of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 and the bucket body An annealed copper sheet is fixed between the inner side of the left side plate 2 of 1, the outer side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 or the outer side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1, and the plastic deformation of the annealed copper sheet is used to absorb the local stress peak; the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 is a heterogeneous composite gradient material plate of high chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide; in this embodiment, the geometric parameters of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 7 are: side length 65mm, thickness 20mm, prestressed gap 2mm, bolt hole diameter 17mm, and annealed copper sheet thickness 1mm.

[0040] As a more preferred implementation method of this embodiment, the inner side surface of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, the inner side surface of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the outer side surface of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the inner side surface of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 and the outer side surface of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 are sandblasted (Sa2.5 level) with a roughness of Ra12.5~25μm; and then the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate 7 is installed.

[0041] As a more preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, the inner side surface of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, the inner side surface of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the outer side surface of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the inner side surface of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 and the outer side surface of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 all have positioning bosses or positioning grooves to facilitate positioning of the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate 7.

[0042] Compared with traditional buckets that only install wear-resistant plates in high-wear areas such as the leading edge and the root of the bucket teeth, the bucket provided in this embodiment is fixed with a honeycomb reinforcement layer on the inner side of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the outer side of the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, the inner side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1, and the outer side of the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1, which can resist multi-directional wear in all areas (such as sliding friction between the bottom plate 4 and the material, squeezing and collision between the inner side of the left / right side plate 3 and the material, and scraping between the outer side of the left / right side plate 3 and the rock wall, etc.), and is particularly suitable for highly abrasive working conditions such as hard rock and frozen soil; the bucket provided in this embodiment has an overall trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body 1, and the rear end of the bucket body 1 is wider than the front end of the bucket body 1, reducing the direct scraping area between the side wall and the material. Combined with the honeycomb arrangement of the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate 7, the wear depth difference is reduced by more than 50%, and the overall service life is extended by 40% to 60%.

[0043] Table 1 Engineering measurement comparison (example)

[0044]

[0045] Table 2 Taking the WK-35 electric shovel bucket as an example, the implementation effect of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate

[0046]

[0047] As a more preferred implementation method of this embodiment, an external compact bone layer and an internal cancellous bone layer are fixedly provided on the outer side surface of the upper plate 5 of the bucket body 1 and the outer side surface of the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1. The internal cancellous bone layer is placed between the external compact bone layer and the outer side surface of the upper plate 5 of the bucket body 1 or the outer side surface of the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1, simulating the "external compact bone layer-inner cancellous bone layer" gradient stiffness characteristics in the biomechanics of the crocodile skull, and constructing a multi-level bionic reinforcement system in the main load-bearing area of ​​the bucket body 1 (i.e., the outer side surface of the upper plate 5 of the bucket body 1 and the outer side surface of the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1). The external compact bone layer has high strength and compressive resistance, and the internal cancellous bone layer dissipates impact energy.

[0048] As a more preferred implementation of this embodiment, the external compact bone layer includes a plurality of contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies, and any contoured reinforcement unit plate assembly includes a plurality of contoured reinforcement unit plates 8 arranged closely in parallel, the middle of the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate 8 has a first groove 9, both sides of the first groove 9 on the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate 8 have first protrusions 10, the middle end face of the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate 8 protrudes from the end faces on both sides of the middle, and a second groove 11 is provided between the middle end face of the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate 8 and the end faces on both sides of the middle, and a third groove 12 is provided on the first end of the left side and the first end of the right side of the contoured reinforcement unit plate 8; on the outer surface of the upper plate 5 of the bucket body 1 On the side, the first end of the profiling reinforcement unit plate 8 is close to the front end of the bucket body 1, and the second end of the profiling reinforcement unit plate 8 is close to the rear end of the bucket body 1. All the profiling reinforcement unit plate components are arranged closely side by side from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1. The middle part of the second end of any profiling reinforcement unit plate 8 extends into the first groove 9 on the middle part of the first end of the next profiling reinforcement unit plate 8 along the direction from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1; on the outer side of the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1, the first end of the profiling reinforcement unit plate 8 is close to the upper end of the bucket body 1, and the second end of the profiling reinforcement unit plate 8 is close to the bottom end of the bucket body 1. All the profiling reinforcement unit plate components extend from the upper end of the bucket body 1 to the bucket body The bottom ends of the bucket bodies 1 are arranged closely side by side in sequence, and the middle part of the second end of any one of the profiled reinforcement unit plates 8 extends from the upper end of the bucket body 1 to the bottom end of the bucket body 1 into the first groove 9 on the middle part of the first end of the next profiled reinforcement unit plate 8, imitating the high-strength compressive properties of the crocodile's compact bone; the internal cancellous bone layer is a variable-section truss buffer layer, which simulates the dissipated impact energy of the crocodile's cancellous bone, and reproduces its "rigid-flexible coupling" stress diffusion mechanism on a macro scale by simulating the multi-level pore topology of the crocodile skull. Specifically, the variable-section truss buffer layer adopts the existing technology, and its working principle is that when subjected to external force impact, the variable-section truss buffer layer first consumes part of the energy through the deformation of the truss structure, and the variable-section design enables it to adapt more flexibly. In response to the external force distribution, different parts will produce corresponding deformation according to the magnitude of the force. At the same time, the elastic material or structure in the buffer layer will undergo elastic deformation or plastic deformation, converting the kinetic energy of the external force into its own elastic potential energy or thermal energy, further absorbing energy, reducing the force and speed of the impact transmitted to the protected object, and playing a buffering role; the crocodile skull has high strength and complex structure. The crocodile skull is famous for its unique geometric shape and internal porous structure. This structure not only provides extremely high strength, but also disperses external force to the whole through the mesh bone structure to avoid stress concentration. It can also effectively absorb impact force. Through bionic design, a contoured reinforced unit plate 8 is obtained to improve structural rigidity, impact resistance and wear resistance, and improve the bending and torsion resistance of the bucket;Traditional high-rigidity components are typically linear ribs or solid plates, which concentrate stress at welds or bolted joints. Compared to traditional high-rigidity components made of a single material or with a simple shape, the contoured reinforced unit plate 8 offers greater structural rigidity, better able to withstand the various forces to which the bucket is subjected during operation. Through its bionic design, the contoured reinforced unit plate 8, modeled after a crocodile skull, distributes stress more evenly within the component, reducing localized stress concentrations. This helps reduce the risk of fatigue cracks in high-stress areas of the bucket, thereby improving the bucket's overall structural stability and service life.

[0049] The contoured reinforced unit plate 8 is a high-rigidity component manufactured from high-strength, high-hardness materials, such as special alloys or composite materials, which have excellent wear resistance. Compared with ordinary high-rigidity components, its surface is more resistant to wear, allowing it to maintain good performance during long-term, high-intensity operations, reducing bucket failure due to wear. The contoured reinforced unit plate 8 is fixed to the outer surface of the upper plate 5 or the outer surface of the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1 via high-strength bolts, ensuring that its geometry matches the overall structure of the bucket body 1 for optimal stress distribution. In complex environments such as mines, electric shovel buckets are often impacted by irregularly shaped and hard materials. The contoured reinforced unit plate 8, due to its unique structure and material properties, has stronger impact resistance and can maintain good working condition under harsh working conditions, reducing the frequency of repairs and replacements caused by impacts, and lowering the cost of use.

[0050] When the outer surface of the upper plate 5 of the bucket body 1 is impacted by materials, the contoured reinforced unit plate 8 can convert point loads into surface loads, reducing the peak stress by 30% to 40%; due to the continuity of the bionic structure, the bending stiffness of the outer surface of the rear plate 6 of the bucket body 1 is increased by 25% to 35%, avoiding the collapse and deformation of the traditional rear plate 6 due to insufficient stiffness.

[0051] Table 3 Project comparison data (example)

[0052]

[0053] As a more preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, a reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the outer surface of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, and the reinforcement layer includes a plurality of special-shaped hexahedron unit plate assemblies, and any special-shaped hexahedron unit plate assembly includes a plurality of special-shaped hexahedron unit plates 13 arranged closely in parallel, and the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate 13 has a first side 14, a second side 15, a third side 16, a fourth side 17, a fifth side 18 and a sixth side 19, and the first side 14, the second side 15, the third side 16, the fourth side 17, the fifth side 18 and the sixth side 19 are connected end to end in sequence, the first side 14 is parallel to the fifth side 18, the second side 15 is parallel to the fourth side 17, and the third side 16 is parallel to the sixth side 19, the first side 14 and the second side 15 are connected to form a fourth groove, the fourth side 17 and the fifth side 18 are connected to form a second protrusion, and the third side 16 and the sixth side 19 are provided with a first protrusion on one end close to the fourth groove. The fifth groove 21 is provided on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate 13, and two long through holes 20 are parallel to the third side surface 16; the fourth groove on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate 13 is close to the front end of the bucket body 1, and the second protrusion on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate 13 is close to the rear end of the bucket body 1. All the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate components are arranged closely side by side from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1. The second protrusion on any special-shaped hexahedron unit plate 13 is arranged along the The front end extends toward the rear end of the bucket body 1 into the fourth groove on the next special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13; the special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13 has a surface layer and a bottom layer, and the surface layer is fixed to the bottom layer; the surface layer is a laser-clad composite layer of high-chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide, forming a compressive hardened zone of the osteoid compact layer, and the bottom layer is a three-dimensionally woven silicon carbide fiber preform, which simulates the energy dissipation characteristics of cancellous bone and realizes intelligent load distribution through the "rigid-tough dual-mode coupling" principle of bionic crocodile bones;Based on the multi-level stress conduction mechanism of the crocodile skull, a topologically optimized special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13 is fixed on the outer surface of the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 to construct a special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13 reinforcement system. The special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13 imitating the crocodile skull has a unique geometric shape and internal structure, which can effectively disperse and withstand external pressure, significantly improve the compression and bending resistance of the bottom plate 4, reduce the deformation of the bottom plate 4 during heavy-load operations, effectively reduce direct contact and wear between the bottom plate 4 and the material, and play a role in buffering and dispersing wear, making the wear more evenly distributed, further improving the wear resistance of the bottom plate 4, significantly improving the structural stiffness, impact resistance and wear resistance of the bucket, extending the service life of the bottom plate 4, reducing frequent replacement due to wear, deformation and damage, and reducing maintenance costs. This design makes the structure of the bottom plate 4 more stable, and can better resist various forces generated during the excavation process, ensuring the stability and reliability of the bucket during operation. The high stiffness and stability of the bottom plate 4 can ensure efficient operation in heavy-load operations, reduce the time of downtime due to structural failure or maintenance, and thus improve overall work efficiency. ;

[0054] In this embodiment, the honeycomb density gradient of the special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13 is 85%-60%, and the total thickness of the laser cladding composite layer of high chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide is 12 mm; the special-shaped hexahedral unit plate 13 is made of high-strength and high-hardness materials and has excellent wear resistance.

[0055] As a more preferred implementation method of this embodiment, two tooth lips 22 are fixedly provided at the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 and the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, and at the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 and the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1, to ensure that the tooth lips 22 fit tightly with the arc surface of the transition connection, to ensure a good sealing effect; a honeycomb reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth lips 22; the honeycomb reinforcement layer includes a number of evenly staggered regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates 23, which improve the wear resistance, impact resistance and sealing effect of the tooth lips 22, and significantly improve the service life and reliability of the tooth lips 22. The regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates 23 are obtained by laser additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide / cobalt-based alloys, and any regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates 23 are made of tungsten carbide / cobalt-based alloys. There is a self-compensating sealing gap between the strong unit plate 23 and the adjacent regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23, and a graphene-modified polyurethane elastomer is fixedly embedded in the self-compensating sealing gap to form a three-level dynamic sealing interface; the design of the tooth lip 22 can effectively seal the arc surface at the connection between the left side plate 2, the right side plate 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1, and prevent materials from spilling from these gaps during excavation and transportation. This not only improves the loading efficiency of materials, but also reduces the cleaning work and time waste caused by material spillage. The sealing effect of the tooth lip 22 makes the bucket more accurate when loading materials, reduces material loss, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of operations; the tooth lip 22 can effectively reduce the impact of materials on the connection between the left side plate 2, the right side plate 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 The tooth lip 22 is designed to not only seal and protect, but also enhance the strength of the connection between the left and right plates 2, 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1. This enhanced connection structure can better withstand the various forces generated during the excavation process, thereby improving the overall stability and reliability of the bucket. During heavy-load operations, the connection between the left and right plates 2, 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 is prone to deformation due to uneven force. The installation of the tooth lip 22 can disperse and buffer these forces, reducing the strength of the connection between the left and right plates 2, 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1. The risk of deformation is reduced, ensuring that the bucket maintains good working condition during long-term use; the design of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23 makes the wear more evenly distributed, reducing the failure of the traditional tooth lip 22 caused by excessive local wear. Each regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23 can withstand wear independently, thereby extending the service life of the entire tooth lip 22. The arrangement structure of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23 can effectively disperse and buffer the impact force of the material on the tooth lip 22, reducing local damage caused by impact. This design is particularly suitable for complex working conditions such as mines, and can significantly improve the impact resistance of the tooth lip 22. The geometric shape of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23 enables it to better maintain structural integrity when impacted, reducing deformation or breakage caused by impact;The arrangement structure of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 23 can reduce the amount of material used while ensuring wear resistance and strength, thereby achieving a lightweight design. This not only reduces the weight of the equipment, but also improves the maneuverability and energy efficiency of the bucket. Through the arrangement of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 23, wear-resistant materials can be concentrated in key stress areas, while reducing material use in non-key areas, further optimizing the overall design; the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 23 are preferably fixed to the tooth lip 22 by bolts to ensure uniform distribution and firm installation of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates 23 to achieve optimal wear resistance. The modular design of the element plate 23 facilitates maintenance and replacement. When the wear-resistant plate in a certain area is severely worn, only the wear-resistant plate in that area needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire tooth lip 22, thus reducing maintenance costs and downtime. Since the regular hexagonal reinforced element plate 23 is relatively simple to install and remove, it can be replaced in a short time, reducing operation interruptions caused by maintenance and improving equipment availability. The high wear resistance and impact resistance of the tooth lip 22 ensure that the bucket maintains good working condition during long-term high-intensity operation, reducing downtime caused by wear or damage, and thus improving overall work efficiency.

[0056] In this embodiment, the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23 has a side length of 18 mm, a thickness of 8 mm, and a self-compensating sealing gap of 0.5 mm; the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate 23 is made of high-hardness, high-strength wear-resistant material, which can effectively resist the impact and friction of the material, and further improve the wear resistance; the tooth lip 22 and the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 and the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 and the transition connection between the bottom plate 4 of the bucket body 1 and the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 are bolted to ensure the firmness and sealing of the tooth lip 22.

[0057] The bucket provided by this embodiment has high rigidity and high wear resistance, which solves the problems of short life, low operating efficiency, high energy consumption and high maintenance cost caused by insufficient structural rigidity and poor wear resistance of traditional rectangular buckets; it integrates the biomechanical properties of crocodile skull and the advantages of hexagonal honeycomb structure, optimizes the mechanics of bionic structure and improves wear resistance, and innovatively designs the bucket with high rigidity and low wear. Through the in-depth combination of bionic principles and structural engineering, it breaks through the bottleneck of traditional technology and achieves an overall rigidity increase of more than 20% in the bucket; the trapezoidal bucket body 1 design combined with the bionic wear-resistant plate layout reduces the excavation resistance by 15%-18% and the energy consumption by 12%-15%; the modular hexagonal wear-resistant plate supports local replacement, and the maintenance cost is reduced by 30%; the bucket provided by this embodiment is particularly suitable for heavy-load conditions such as mining and earthwork, and is suitable for bucket innovation of heavy equipment such as large electric shovels and mining excavators, which can significantly extend the service life of the bucket and improve operating efficiency.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment provides an engineering vehicle, including the bucket in the first embodiment.

[0060] In the engineering vehicle provided in this embodiment, the left side plate 2 of the bucket body 1 gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1, and the bucket body 1 is left-right symmetrical about the first plane, that is, the right side plate 3 of the bucket body 1 gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end of the bucket body 1 to the rear end of the bucket body 1. The bucket provided in this embodiment has a trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body 1, and the rear end of the bucket body 1 is wider than the front end of the bucket body 1, eliminating the stress concentration at the right angles of the rectangular bucket. It can solve the problem and realize bionic design, simulate the biomechanical characteristics of the occlusal surface of the crocodile skull, reduce the shear resistance when the bucket body 1 cuts into the material, significantly reduce the excavation resistance, and reduce the unit operation energy consumption. The left side plate 2 and the right side plate 3 guide the material to the center of the bucket body 1, reduce the accumulation of materials in the corners, increase the effective loading capacity, and improve the unloading efficiency (especially for sticky materials). At the same time, the self-stabilizing effect formed by the trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) profile is used to enhance the material carrying capacity, improve the material holding stability, and achieve a double improvement in operating efficiency and storage stability.

[0061] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A bucket, characterized by: It includes a bucket body, the front end of the bucket body is open, the rear end of the bucket body is closed, the bucket body is left-right symmetrical about a first plane, and the left side plate of the bucket body gradually extends away from the first plane from the front end to the rear end of the bucket body.

2. The bucket according to claim 1, wherein: The included angle between the left side plate of the bucket body and the first plane is 10° to 20°.

3. The bucket according to claim 1, wherein: A honeycomb reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the outer side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body and the outer side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body, and the honeycomb reinforcement layer includes a number of evenly staggered regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates.

4. The bucket according to claim 3, wherein: The regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plate is connected to the inner side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the outer side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body or the outer side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body by stepped laser welding and high-strength bolts.

5. The bucket according to claim 3, wherein: There is a prestressed gap between any one of the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates and the adjacent regular hexagonal reinforced unit plates; an annealed copper sheet is fixed between the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate and the inner side surface of the bottom plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the outer side surface of the left side plate of the bucket body, the inner side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body or the outer side surface of the right side plate of the bucket body; the regular hexagonal reinforced unit plate is a heterogeneous composite gradient material plate of high chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide.

6. The bucket according to claim 1, wherein: An external compact bone layer and an internal cancellous bone layer are fixedly provided on the outer side surface of the upper plate of the bucket body and the outer side surface of the rear plate of the bucket body, and the internal cancellous bone layer is placed between the external compact bone layer and the outer side surface of the upper plate of the bucket body or the outer side surface of the rear plate of the bucket body.

7. The bucket according to claim 6, wherein: The external compact bone layer includes a plurality of contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies, and any one of the contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies includes a plurality of contoured reinforcement unit plates arranged closely in parallel, the middle portion of the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate has a first groove, both sides of the first groove on the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate have first protrusions, the middle end face of the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate protrudes from the end faces on both sides of the middle, a second groove is provided between the middle end face of the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate and the end faces on both sides of the middle, a third groove is provided on the first end of the left side and the first end of the right side of the contoured reinforcement unit plate; on the outer side of the upper plate of the bucket body, the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate is close to the front end of the bucket body, and the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate is close to the rear end of the bucket body, and all the contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies are arranged from The front end of the bucket body is arranged closely side by side in sequence toward the rear end of the bucket body, and the middle part of the second end of any one of the contoured reinforcement unit plates extends from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body into the first groove on the middle part of the first end of the next contoured reinforcement unit plate; on the outer side of the rear plate of the bucket body, the first end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate is close to the upper end of the bucket body, and the second end of the contoured reinforcement unit plate is close to the bottom end of the bucket body, and all the contoured reinforcement unit plate assemblies are arranged closely side by side in sequence from the upper end of the bucket body to the bottom end of the bucket body, and the middle part of the second end of any one of the contoured reinforcement unit plates extends from the upper end of the bucket body to the bottom end of the bucket body into the first groove on the middle part of the first end of the next contoured reinforcement unit plate; the internal cancellous bone layer is a variable-section truss buffer layer.

8. The bucket according to claim 1, wherein: A reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the outer side of the bottom plate of the bucket body, and the reinforcement layer includes a plurality of special-shaped hexahedral unit plate assemblies, and any one of the special-shaped hexahedral unit plate assemblies includes a plurality of special-shaped hexahedral unit plates arranged closely in parallel, and the special-shaped hexahedral unit plates have a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface, a fifth side surface and a sixth side surface, and the first side surface, the second side surface, the third side surface, the fourth side surface, the fifth side surface and the sixth side surface are connected end to end in sequence, the first side surface is parallel to the fifth side surface, the second side surface is parallel to the fourth side surface, and the third side surface is parallel to the sixth side surface, the first side surface is connected to the second side surface to form a fourth groove, the fourth side surface is connected to the fifth side surface to form a second bulge, and the third side surface and the sixth side surface are close to the fourth groove. A fifth groove is provided on one end of the groove, and two long through holes parallel to the third side surface are provided on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate; the fourth groove on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate is close to the front end of the bucket body, and the second protrusion on the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate is close to the rear end of the bucket body. All the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate components are arranged closely side by side from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body, and the second protrusion on any one of the special-shaped hexahedron unit plates extends from the front end of the bucket body to the rear end of the bucket body into the fourth groove on the next special-shaped hexahedron unit plate; the special-shaped hexahedron unit plate has a surface layer and a bottom layer, and the surface layer is fixed on the bottom layer; the surface layer is a laser-clad composite layer of high chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide, and the bottom layer is a silicon carbide fiber preform formed by three-dimensional weaving.

9. The bucket according to claim 1, wherein: Two tooth lips are fixedly provided at the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate of the bucket body and the left side plate of the bucket body, and at the front end of the transition connection between the bottom plate of the bucket body and the left side plate of the bucket body; a honeycomb reinforcement layer is fixedly provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth lips; the honeycomb reinforcement layer includes a number of evenly staggered regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates, and the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates are obtained by laser additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide / cobalt-based alloys. A self-compensating sealing gap exists between any one of the regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates and the adjacent regular hexagonal reinforcement unit plates, and a graphene-modified polyurethane elastomer is fixedly embedded in the self-compensating sealing gap.

10. An engineering vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the bucket according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images