Tunneling tool bit and full-face tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of heading machines, and discloses a heading tool bit and a full face heading machine, the heading tool bit comprises a cutter head, the contact surface of the cutter head and a tunnel face is provided with cutting teeth; the cutting teeth are mounted on the surface of the upper roller; the cutting teeth are mounted on the surface of the lower roller; a main drive cooperatively controls a cutterhead, an upper roller and a lower roller to achieve efficient tunneling, and reverse rotation of an inner disc and a scraper bucket balances torque of a main bearing and forms a convection effect to prevent rock slag from being compacted; due to the design that the upper roller rotates upwards and the lower roller rotates oppositely downwards, the stress of the equipment is balanced, the symmetrical spiral grooves of the lower roller can collect muck to the center to avoid blockage, and meanwhile, the upward movement of the upper roller effectively inhibits crushed rocks from bouncing upwards; according to the integrated design, one-time forming tunneling of the arched roadway is achieved through cooperative operation of multiple components, and the tunneling efficiency and the equipment stability are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machines, in particular to a tunnel boring cutter head and a full-face tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] When constructing rock tunnels in mines, rock hardness is a key factor in selecting construction equipment. Rock hardness grades are a system of classifications based on a rock's ability to resist external forces intruding or scratching its surface. A common standard for rock hardness classification is the Proctor hardness coefficient, or f-value. Based on the Proctor hardness coefficient, rocks can be classified into multiple hardness levels. Generally speaking, rocks with a hardness between f1.5 and f4 are considered soft.

[0003] TBMs are being gradually introduced for excavating hard rock tunnels with rock hardness f>4. Due to their advantages, such as single-shot excavation cross-section formation, high excavation efficiency, high degree of automation, and strong rock adaptability, they are becoming increasingly important in rock tunnel excavation. Soft rock tunnels with rock hardness f≤4 are still currently using fully-mechanized tunnel boring machines (TMMs), which use a swinging, cantilevered longitudinal cutting head to cut the rock mass. However, due to the structural limitations of the TBMs, construction personnel are required to constantly adjust the TBM's excavation parameters and cutting method throughout the cutting process to ensure that the cut face meets the desired rock tunnel shape. This entire operation is complex and does not achieve a single-shot cutting face for the rock tunnel excavation. We now provide a full-face TBM for soft rock tunnels that can achieve a single-shot shaping face for soft rock tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the traditional fully mechanized tunneling machine cannot realize one-time excavation of the entire cross-section of a soft rock tunnel.

[0005] The above technical problems are solved by the following technical solutions: The present invention proposes a tunneling cutter head, which includes:

[0006] A cutterhead, wherein the contact surface of the cutterhead with the tunnel face is provided with picks;

[0007] an upper drum, the cutting teeth being mounted on the surface of the upper drum;

[0008] A lower drum, the cutting teeth being mounted on the surface of the lower drum;

[0009] The main drive comprises one end of the main drive being adaptable and connected to the end of the cutter head where the cutting teeth are not provided, and the bottom side of the main drive being adaptable and connected to the upper drum and the lower drum, and the main drive being used to drive the cutter head, the upper drum and the lower drum; the rotation directions of the upper drum and the lower drum are opposite; the cutter head, the upper drum and the lower drum can be driven to rotate by the main drive, and under the action of the cutting teeth on the surfaces of the cutter head, the upper drum and the lower drum, the face of the tunnel can be broken, and with the cooperation of the cutter head, the upper drum and the lower drum, the arched tunnel can be directly formed in one go, without the need for traditional tunneling machines to adjust the excavation parameters and cutting methods; and since the rotation directions of the upper drum and the lower drum are opposite, the force on the entire equipment can be balanced, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the equipment.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the tunneling cutter head of the present invention, the cutterhead includes an inner disc and a scraper bucket. The picks are mounted on the surfaces of the inner disc and the scraper bucket. The inner disc and the scraper bucket rotate in opposite directions. The opposite rotation of the inner disc and the scraper bucket balances the torque of the main bearing and reduces the load on the main bearing. At the same time, the opposite rotation of the inner disc and the scraper bucket can also cause a disturbance in the crushed rock, similar to "convection", which makes the rock and soil unstable and prevents the rock debris from being compacted. This prevents the rock in soft rock tunnels from clumping together when it encounters water.

[0011] In addition, a U-shaped groove is provided at one end of the scraper in the direction of rotation, through which the debris on the bottom of the tunnel can be collected during the rotation of the scraper and finally poured into the receiving port of the transfer machine.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the tunneling cutter head of the present invention: a spiral structure is provided on the surface of the lower drum, the spiral direction of which is symmetrical with the center of the lower drum, and the spirals on both sides have opposite rotation directions; the design of the lower drum as a symmetrical spiral can be used to break the rock on the tunnel face and preliminarily gather the debris on both sides of the tunnel bottom to the center.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the tunneling cutter head of the present invention: a spiral groove is provided on the surface of the lower drum along the axial direction, the spiral groove takes the center of the drum as the dividing point, and the spiral rotation directions on both sides are opposite; the spiral groove can cooperate with the lower drum to further collect the debris in the tunnel, thereby preventing the lower drum from being blocked by the debris.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the tunneling cutter head of the present invention, the upper roller rotates from the cutterhead toward the top surface of the tunnel, and the lower roller rotates from the cutterhead toward the bottom surface of the tunnel. The design of the upper roller and the lower roller rotating in opposite directions not only ensures the overall force balance of the equipment, but also prevents the crushed rock from being stuck between the two rollers due to relative rotation, thereby ensuring stable operation of the equipment.

[0015] In addition, the upward rotation of the upper roller can also effectively block the crushed rock. If the crushed rock wants to move along the running direction of the roller, or pass the upper roller and run behind the upper roller, it must overcome its own gravity. This can ensure that the crushed rock debris can be stably controlled in the center of the tunnel and can greatly reduce the rebound of the crushed rock.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the tunneling cutter head of the present invention: the main drive includes a first drive, a second drive, a third drive and a fourth drive, the first drive is used to drive the inner disk to rotate, the second drive is used to drive the scraper to rotate, the third drive is used to drive the upper roller to rotate, and the fourth drive is used to drive the lower roller to rotate.

[0017] The present invention also provides a full-face tunnel boring machine, comprising the tunneling cutter head, and further comprising:

[0018] The main machine, the main drive is installed at one end of the main machine, a transfer machine is provided on the top of the main drive, crawler wheels are symmetrically provided on the bottom end of the main machine, and a control system is provided on the end of the main machine away from the main drive; the receiving port of the transfer machine is located on the inner side of the scraper, and the slag and rock inside the U-shaped groove of the scraper will fall into the receiving port, and the unloading port of the transfer machine extends a certain distance from the entire machine. A continuous belt conveyor in the tunnel can be installed below the unloading port of the transfer machine, and the slag and rock unloaded by the transfer machine can be transported out of the tunnel through the continuous belt conveyor in the tunnel; the crawler wheels realize the movement of the equipment, and the control system is used to control various components of the equipment.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the full-face tunnel boring machine of the present invention, anchor drilling rigs are provided on both sides of the main machine, and the surface of the excavated rock tunnel can be supported in a timely manner by the anchor drilling rigs.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the full-face tunnel boring machine of the present invention, an operating platform is installed between the crawler wheels and the control system, and the operating platform consists of a walking platform and a ladder.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: efficient excavation is achieved through the coordinated control of the cutter head, upper drum and lower drum by the main drive, wherein the reverse rotation of the inner drum and the scraper not only balances the torque of the main bearing but also forms a "convection effect" to prevent the compaction of rock slag; the design of the upper drum rotating upward and the lower drum rotating downward not only balances the force on the equipment, but the symmetrical spiral groove of the lower drum can also gather the slag to the center to avoid blockage, and the upward movement of the upper drum effectively suppresses the rebound of broken rock; this integrated design realizes one-time forming excavation of the arched tunnel through the coordinated operation of multiple components, and has the advantages of self-balancing force, dynamic control of rock slag, automatic slag cleaning and adaptability to complex strata, which significantly improves the excavation efficiency and equipment stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the tunneling cutter head of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 Shown is a working schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0029] The terms used in the present invention are those commonly used in the art in view of the functions of the present invention, but these terms may vary according to the intentions of those skilled in the art, precedents, or new technologies in the art. In addition, specific terms may be selected by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the present invention. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be understood as simple names, but rather as the meanings of the terms and the overall description of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 5 , this embodiment provides a tunneling cutter head, which includes,

[0031] The cutter head 1 has a cutting tooth 11 disposed on the contact surface of the cutter head 1 with the tunnel face;

[0032] The upper drum 2 has picks 11 mounted on its surface;

[0033] The lower drum 3 has a cutting tooth 11 mounted on its surface;

[0034] The main drive 4 has one end adapted to be connected with the end of the cutter head 1 where the cutting teeth 11 are not provided, and the bottom side of the main drive 4 is adapted to be connected with the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3. The main drive 4 is used to drive the cutter head 1, the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3; the rotation directions of the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3 are opposite; the cutter head 1, the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3 can be driven to rotate by the main drive 4, and under the action of the cutting teeth 11 on the surface of the cutter head 1, the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3, the face of the tunnel can be broken, and with the cooperation of the cutter head 1, the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3, the arched tunnel can be directly formed in one go, without the need for the traditional tunneling machine to adjust the excavation parameters and cutting method; and because the rotation directions of the upper drum 2 and the lower drum 3 are opposite, the force on the entire equipment can be balanced to ensure the overall stability of the equipment.

[0035] The main drive 4 includes a first drive 41, a second drive 42, a third drive and a fourth drive. The first drive 41 is used to drive the inner disk 12 to rotate, the second drive 42 is used to drive the scraper 13 to rotate, the third drive is used to drive the upper roller 2 to rotate, and the fourth drive is used to drive the lower roller 3 to rotate.

[0036] As an example provided, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 The cutterhead 1 includes an inner disc 12 and a scraper 13. Cutting teeth 11 are installed on the surfaces of the inner disc 12 and the scraper 13. The inner disc 12 and the scraper 13 rotate in opposite directions. The torque of the main bearing can be balanced and the load of the main bearing can be reduced by the reverse rotation of the inner disc 12 and the scraper 13. At the same time, the inner ring rotates in the opposite direction, which can also disturb the crushed rock, similar to "convection", making the rock and soil unstable and preventing the rock slag from being compacted. In this way, the rock in geological conditions such as soft rock tunnels can be prevented from sticking together when it encounters water.

[0037] In addition, a U-shaped groove is provided at one end of the scraper 13 in the direction of rotation, through which the debris on the bottom of the tunnel can be collected during the rotation of the scraper 13 and eventually poured into the receiving port 100 of the transfer machine 6.

[0038] As an example provided, Figure 2 、 3The surface of the lower drum 3 is provided with a spiral structure, the spiral direction of which is symmetrical with the center of the lower drum 3, and the spiral directions of the two sides are opposite; the design of the symmetrical spiral of the lower drum 3 can be used to break the rock on the tunnel face and preliminarily gather the debris on both sides of the tunnel bottom to the center.

[0039] A spiral groove 31 is provided on the surface of the lower drum 3 along the axial direction. The spiral groove 31 takes the center of the drum as the dividing point, and the spiral rotation directions on both sides are opposite. The spiral groove 31 can cooperate with the lower drum 3 to further collect the debris in the tunnel, thereby preventing the lower drum 3 from being blocked by the debris.

[0040] As an example provided, Figure 2 、 3 The upper roller 2 rotates from the cutter head 1 toward the top of the tunnel, and the lower roller 3 rotates from the cutter head 1 toward the bottom of the tunnel. The design of the upper roller 2 and the lower roller 3 rotating in opposite directions not only ensures the overall force balance of the equipment, but also prevents the crushed rock from being stuck between the two due to relative rotation, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the equipment.

[0041] In addition, the upward rotation of the upper roller 2 can also effectively block the crushed rock. If the crushed rock wants to move along the running direction of the roller, or pass the upper roller and run behind the upper roller, it must overcome its own gravity. This can ensure that the crushed rock debris can be stably controlled in the center of the tunnel and can greatly reduce the rebound of the crushed rock.

[0042] In summary, the main drive 4 drives the cutterhead 1, upper drum 2 and lower drum 3 to work in coordination, realizing one-time forming and excavation of the arched tunnel. Specifically, the main drive 4 drives the inner disk 12 and the scraper 13 to rotate in opposite directions respectively through the first drive 41 and the second drive 42, which not only balances the torque of the main bearing, but also disturbs the rock fragments through the "convection effect" to prevent compaction, especially to prevent the soft rock from agglomerating when it encounters water; the U-shaped groove of the scraper 13 continuously collects the bottom debris of the tunnel during rotation and introduces it into the receiving port 100 of the transfer machine 6. The upper drum 2 rotates from the cutterhead 1 to the top surface, and cooperates with the lower drum 3 to rotate in the opposite direction to the bottom surface, which not only balances the force on the equipment, but also suppresses the rebound of the rock fragments through the coordinated action of the movement direction and gravity, ensuring that the debris is stably gathered in the center of the tunnel. The surface of the lower drum 3 is provided with a spiral groove 31 symmetrical with the center and a reverse spiral structure, which pushes the debris on both sides toward the center while breaking the rock to avoid blockage. This integrated design achieves self-balancing force, dynamic control of rock slag and precise shaping of tunnel contours through the coordinated movement of multiple components, significantly improving excavation efficiency and reducing equipment loss.

[0043] As an example provided, Figure 1 A full-face tunnel boring machine, including a tunneling cutter head, further comprising:

[0044] The main machine 5 and the main drive 4 are installed at one end of the main machine 5, a transfer machine 6 is provided at the top of the main drive 4, crawler wheels 7 are symmetrically provided at the bottom end of the main machine 5, and a control system 8 is provided at the end of the main machine 5 away from the main drive 4; the receiving port 100 of the transfer machine 6 is located on the inner side of the scraper 13, and the slag and rock inside the U-shaped groove of the scraper 13 will fall into the receiving port 100, and the unloading port of the transfer machine 6 extends a distance from the entire machine. A continuous belt conveyor in the tunnel can be installed below the unloading port of the transfer machine 6, and the slag and rock unloaded by the transfer machine 6 can be transported out of the tunnel through the continuous belt conveyor in the tunnel; the crawler wheels 7 realize the movement of the equipment, and the control system 8 is used to control the various components of the equipment.

[0045] Anchor drills 51 are provided on both sides of the main machine 5 , and the surface of the excavated rock tunnel can be supported in a timely manner through the anchor drills 51 .

[0046] An operating platform 9 is installed between the track wheel 7 and the control system 8. The operating platform 9 consists of a walking platform and a ladder.

[0047] Finally, it should be pointed out that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunneling cutter head, characterized by: include, A cutterhead (1), wherein the contact surface of the cutterhead (1) with the tunnel face is provided with picks (11); An upper roller (2), the pick (11) being mounted on the surface of the upper roller (2); A lower drum (3), the cutting teeth (11) being mounted on the surface of the lower drum (3); A main drive (4), one end of the main drive (4) is adapted to be connected to an end of the cutter disc (1) where the cutting teeth (11) are not provided, and a bottom side of the main drive (4) is adapted to be connected to the upper roller (2) and the lower roller (3), and the main drive (4) is used to drive the cutter disc (1), the upper roller (2) and the lower roller (3); the upper roller (2) and the lower roller (3) rotate in opposite directions.

2. The tunneling cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc (1) comprises an inner disc (12) and a scraper (13); the pick (11) is mounted on the surfaces of the inner disc (12) and the scraper (13); and the inner disc (12) and the scraper (13) rotate in opposite directions.

3. The tunneling cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the lower drum (3) is provided with a spiral structure, the spiral direction of which is symmetrical with the center of the lower drum (3) as a node, and the spiral directions of the two sides are opposite.

4. The tunneling cutter head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the lower roller (3) is provided with a spiral groove (31) along the axial direction. The spiral groove (31) takes the center of the roller as the dividing point, and the spiral rotation directions of the two sides are opposite.

5. The tunneling cutter head according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The upper roller (2) rotates from the cutter disc (1) toward the top surface of the tunnel, and the lower roller (3) rotates from the cutter disc (1) toward the bottom surface of the tunnel.

6. The tunneling cutter head according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main drive (4) includes a first drive (41), a second drive (42), a third drive and a fourth drive, wherein the first drive (41) is used to drive the inner disk (12) to rotate, the second drive (42) is used to drive the scraper (13) to rotate, the third drive is used to drive the upper roller (2) to rotate, and the fourth drive is used to drive the lower roller (3) to rotate.

7. A full-face tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: The boring tool head according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprises: A main machine (5), the main drive (4) is installed at one end of the main machine (5), a transfer machine (6) is provided at the top end of the main drive (4), crawler wheels (7) are symmetrically provided at the bottom end of the main machine (5), and a control system (8) is provided at one end of the main machine (5) away from the main drive (4).

8. The full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: Anchor drills (51) are provided on both sides of the main machine (5).

9. The full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: An operating platform (9) is installed between the crawler wheel (7) and the control system (8), and the operating platform (9) consists of a walking platform and a ladder.

Images