Broadband common-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband common-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves, which is characterized in that a millimeter wave dielectric unit radiator and a cascade resonant cavity are embedded in a microwave dielectric unit with a coupling cavity in a non-coplanar feeding manner, and the frequency and radiation of microwave dual modes are adjusted by using air slots and metal slots of the coupling cavity; the common-aperture antenna compatible with the Sub 6G and the millimeter waves is formed by matching and adjusting millimeter wave dual modes through the millimeter wave closed strip line feed structure and combining the weakening effect of the coupling cavity and different-face feed on dual-frequency mutual interference, and the common-aperture antenna is high in radiation efficiency, wide in working bandwidth, high in low-frequency gain, high in isolation degree and capable of keeping consistency of low-frequency radiation types and high-frequency radiation types.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wireless communication device, and in particular to a co-aperture antenna. Background Art

[0002] Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave frequency bands are crucial spectrum resources for 5G commercial networks, enabling applications such as smart cities, wireless terminals, and indoor communications. To meet the demands of both microwave and millimeter-wave communications, microwave antennas and millimeter-wave arrays must be integrated within limited device space, resulting in the antennas excessively occupying space for other system modules. Co-aperture antennas, however, seamlessly integrate microwave and millimeter-wave antenna arrays, significantly reducing antenna space and facilitating device lightweighting. Furthermore, high-efficiency co-aperture antennas maintain high radiation efficiency across microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands, improving aperture utilization and reducing signal energy loss, further reducing equipment operation and maintenance costs. Furthermore, broadband, high-efficiency co-aperture antennas can help meet system bandwidth requirements. Therefore, broadband, high-efficiency co-aperture antennas compatible with both Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave frequencies have significant application and engineering value.

[0003] Currently, there are three main approaches to achieving high-efficiency co-aperture antennas. The first method uses a millimeter-wave waveguide slot array embedded within a diagonally slotted and shorted low-frequency patch antenna to reduce antenna loss, resulting in a high-radiation-efficiency co-aperture antenna for 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and Ku-band. However, this method suffers from narrow low-frequency bandwidth, poor isolation between high- and low-frequency ports within the low-frequency band, and inconsistent radiation patterns between low and high frequencies. The second method uses a multi-window metal patch embedded within a millimeter-wave substrate to integrate a dielectric resonator array, achieving a relatively high-efficiency co-aperture antenna. However, this method suffers from relatively low radiation efficiency and low gain at low frequencies. The third method coplanarly embeds a 2×2 mmWave square dielectric antenna array within the center of a microwave dielectric antenna and places the microwave and mmWave feed structure on the backside of a shared metal ground plane, achieving a high-radiation-efficiency dual-dielectric co-aperture antenna. However, this method suffers from narrow operating bandwidths for both high- and low-frequency antennas, low gain for the low-frequency antenna, and poor isolation between high- and low-frequency ports within the high-frequency band. Furthermore, there are a lack of design examples for these methods targeting the Sub-6G and 5G mmWave bands. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a broadband, high-efficiency, co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves, which can meet the radiation efficiency, operating bandwidth, and high-low frequency isolation of the Sub 6G and 5G millimeter wave frequency bands, and ensure the consistency of low-frequency gain and low and high-frequency radiation types. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In response to the above-mentioned existing technologies, a broadband, high-efficiency, common-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves is proposed. It has high radiation efficiency, a large operating bandwidth, high low-frequency gain, and good high-low frequency isolation in the Sub 6G and 5G millimeter wave frequency bands, and can ensure the consistency of low and high frequency radiation types.

[0005] Technical solution: A broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves, including a microwave dielectric unit main radiator and four millimeter wave dielectric unit radiators; the four millimeter wave dielectric unit radiators form a 2×2 millimeter wave radiation array; a cascade resonant cavity is provided below the millimeter wave dielectric unit radiator; the millimeter wave dielectric unit radiator and the cascade resonant cavity are embedded in the microwave dielectric unit main radiator with a coupling cavity in an out-of-plane feeding manner.

[0006] Furthermore, the common aperture antenna includes, from top to bottom, a top metal layer, an upper dielectric substrate, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate, a third metal layer, a third dielectric substrate, a fourth metal layer, a fourth dielectric substrate, a fifth metal layer, a fifth dielectric substrate, a sixth metal layer, a sixth dielectric substrate, and a seventh metal layer stacked in sequence; the overall structure of the antenna is bilaterally symmetrical about a central vertical plane; The top metal layer includes a first rectangular ring-shaped metal and four square ring-shaped metals, and the four square ring-shaped metals are arranged in a 2×2 rectangular array in the center of the first rectangular ring-shaped metal; the first rectangular ring-shaped metal is provided with a circle of outer metal holes extending vertically downward and through the sixth layer of metal along its four sides; the square ring-shaped metal is provided with a circle of upper metal holes extending vertically downward and through the second layer of dielectric substrate along its four sides; The second metal layer includes four first square metals with first horizontal grooves in the center; the four first square metals are respectively opposite to the square ring metals; the first square metals are also provided with a circle of first blind air holes located inside the upper metal hole and extending vertically through the upper dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the upper dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are respectively provided with second blind air holes in the area facing the first horizontal grooves; The third metal layer includes a second rectangular ring-shaped metal and four second square metals with second horizontal grooves in the center; the four second square metals are arranged in the center of the rectangular ring-shaped metal and face each of the first square metals. The fourth metal layer includes four stepped metals and four second rectangular metals corresponding to and connected to the stepped metals; The fifth metal layer is the middle metal ground. Three vertical narrow metal slots and two vertical wide metal slots are provided on the horizontal midline of the middle metal ground. The two wide metal slots are symmetrically arranged between the outer sides of the three narrow metal slots and the outer metal holes. Two vertical air slots are provided on the fifth dielectric substrate, symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the dielectric substrate. The sixth-layer metal is the metal ground, and a vertical groove is provided in the center of the metal ground; the sixth-layer dielectric substrate is a pure dielectric; the seventh-layer metal is a horizontally arranged metal strip, and the metal strip extends from the midpoint of the left side of the antenna structure to a position beyond the central vertical plane.

[0007] Further, the third-layer metal also includes four first rectangular metals; the four first rectangular metals respectively connect the four second square metals to the adjacent long sides of the second rectangular ring metal; in the region where the second square metal extends to the outer edge of the second rectangular ring metal through the second rectangular ring metal, lower-layer metal holes in a "U" shape are provided along the left and right sides of the region and the top edge of the second square metal. In the fourth-layer metal, the four stepped metals respectively face the second square metals, and the four second rectangular metals respectively face the rectangular metals. The lower-layer metal holes in a "U" shape extend vertically downward through the fifth-layer metal. In the fourth-layer metal, the overall structure where the stepped metal is connected to the rectangular metal is correspondingly located inside the lower-layer metal holes in a "U" shape.

[0008] Further, among the three metal narrow grooves in the fifth-layer metal, the middle one is located in the center of the four lower-layer metal holes in a "U" shape, and the other two are respectively located on both sides of the four lower-layer metal holes in a "U" shape.

[0009] Further, the upper-layer dielectric substrate and the second-layer dielectric substrate have the same dielectric constant, the third-layer dielectric substrate, the fourth-layer dielectric substrate, the fifth-layer dielectric substrate and the sixth-layer dielectric substrate have the same dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant is less than that of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and the second-layer dielectric substrate.

[0010] Further, in the top-layer metal, the horizontal length inside the first rectangular ring metal is between 0.71λ 01 -0.75λ 01 between, and the vertical width inside is between 0.53λ 01 01 -0.57λ 01 between, where λ 01 01 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the microwave band; the inner side length of the square ring metal is between 0.08λ 01 -0.084λ 01 between, and the center distance between adjacent square ring metals is between 0.8λ 02 02 -0.84λ 02 between, where λ 02 02 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the millimeter-wave band.

[0011] Further, on the fifth-layer dielectric substrate, the center distance between the two air grooves is between 0.71λ 01 -0.75λ 01 between.

[0012] Beneficial effects: Existing high-efficiency common-aperture antennas have one or more of the following problems: low low-frequency radiation efficiency and gain, low isolation between high and low frequency ports, narrow low-frequency or high-frequency operating bandwidth, inconsistent low and high-frequency radiation types, and a lack of high-efficiency common-aperture antenna designs for Sub6G and 5G millimeter-wave applications. The present invention embeds the millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiator and the cascade resonant cavity in a microwave dielectric unit with a coupled cavity in an off-plane feeding manner, utilizes the frequency and radiation adjustment effect of the air slot and metal slot of the coupled cavity on the microwave dual-mode, and the matching adjustment of the millimeter-wave closed stripline feeding structure on the millimeter-wave dual-mode, combined with the weakening effect of the coupled cavity and off-plane feeding on the dual-frequency mutual interference, to form a common-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves, and can take into account high radiation efficiency, wide operating bandwidth, high low-frequency gain, high isolation, and consistency of low and high-frequency radiation types.

[0013] Specifically, the upper surface of the coupling cavity contains three narrow slots and two wide slots, and the interior contains a pair of air slots. The narrow slots and the wide slots not only couple the microwave signal to the main radiator of the microwave dielectric unit, but also compress the electric field distribution range of the microwave TM01 mode and move the mode frequency to achieve microwave broadband operation; the air slots can adjust the magnetic current amplitude distribution of the microwave antenna TM02 mode, so that the radiation of the TM02 mode shifts from three beams to a single beam, thereby enhancing the radiation consistency of the TM01 mode and TM02 mode.

[0014] The millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiator and its cascaded resonant cavity are stacked up and down and embedded in the microwave dielectric unit, achieving dual-mode operation. The stepped metal in the closed stripline feeding structure is used to adjust the matching. At the same time, the magnetic current amplitude distribution of the TM02 mode of the main radiator of the microwave dielectric unit can be adjusted, thereby improving the consistency and gain of the radiation morphology in the microwave frequency band.

[0015] The upper surface of the coupling cavity serves as the metal ground of the millimeter-wave array, which is beneficial to the off-plane arrangement of the microwave and millimeter-wave feeding structure, thereby weakening the disturbance of the microwave electric field when the millimeter-wave array is embedded, and is beneficial to the broadband operation and radiation shape consistency of the microwave antenna.

[0016] Rectangular ring metal has the ability to suppress millimeter-wave surface wave radiation, which is beneficial to improving the radiation efficiency and radiation shape in the millimeter-wave frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layer structure of the broadband high-efficiency common-aperture antenna of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the top metal layer; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper dielectric substrate; Figure 4Schematic diagram of the structure of the second layer of metal; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second dielectric substrate; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the third layer of metal; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the third dielectric substrate; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth metal layer; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth dielectric substrate; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fifth metal layer; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fifth dielectric substrate; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sixth metal layer; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sixth dielectric substrate; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of the seventh metal layer; Figure 15 The low frequency band of the embodiment antenna S Parameter and gain simulation results; Figure 16 The low-frequency band radiation efficiency simulation results of the antenna in the embodiment; Figure 17 The high frequency band of the embodiment antenna S Parameter and gain simulation results; Figure 18 The simulation results of the high-frequency radiation efficiency of the antenna in the embodiment are as follows; Figure 19 The radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiment at low frequency band, where (a) corresponds to 5.25 GHz E Surface, (b) corresponds to 5.25 GHz H Surface, (c) corresponds to 5.75 GHz E Surface (d) corresponds to 5.75 GHz H noodle; Figure 20 The radiation pattern of the embodiment antenna in the millimeter wave band, where (a) corresponds to 23 GHz E Surface, (b) corresponds to 23 GHz H Surface, (c) corresponds to 26 GHz E Surface (d) corresponds to 26 GHz H noodle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a broadband, high-efficiency, co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves comprises, from top to bottom, a top metal layer 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a second metal layer 3, a second dielectric substrate 4, a third metal layer 5, a third dielectric substrate 6, a fourth metal layer 7, a fourth dielectric substrate 8, a fifth metal layer 9, a fifth dielectric substrate 10, a sixth metal layer 11, a sixth dielectric substrate 12, and a seventh metal layer 13, stacked in sequence. The antenna structure also includes an outer metal hole 14, an upper metal hole 15, an air blind via 16, a lower metal hole 17, and an air slot 18. The overall antenna structure is bilaterally symmetrical about a central vertical plane. The upper dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4 have the same dielectric constant, and the third dielectric substrate 6, the fourth dielectric substrate 8, the fifth dielectric substrate 10, and the sixth dielectric substrate 12 have the same dielectric constant, and their dielectric constants are smaller than those of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0020] like Figure 2 As shown, the top metal layer 1 includes a rectangular ring metal 101 and four square ring metals 102. The four square ring metals 102 are arranged in a 2×2 rectangular array in the center of the rectangular ring metal 101. The rectangular ring metal 101 is provided with a circle of outer metal holes 14 along the four sides, which serve as the boundary of the common aperture antenna radiator. The outer metal holes 14 extend vertically downward through the sixth metal layer 11. The square ring metal 102 is also provided with a circle of upper metal holes 15 along the four sides. Among them, the horizontal length of the inner side of the rectangular ring metal 101 is 0.71λ. 01 -0.75λ 01 The width of the inner vertical direction is 0.53λ 01 -0.57λ 01 Between, λ 01 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the microwave band. 01 -0.084λ 01 The center distance between adjacent square ring metals 102 is 0.8λ 02 -0.84λ 02 Between, λ 02 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the millimeter wave band.

[0021] like Figure 4 As shown, the second metal layer 3 is composed of four square metals 301 with horizontal grooves 302 in the center, and the four square metals 301 are respectively facing the circular metals 102. Figures 2 to 5As shown, the upper metal hole 15 extends vertically downward through the second dielectric substrate 4. A ring of air blind holes 16 is provided inside the upper metal hole 15 on the square metal 301. The air blind holes 16 extend vertically upward through the upper dielectric substrate 2 and vertically downward through the second dielectric substrate 4. Air blind holes 19 are also provided in the areas of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4 facing the horizontal groove 302.

[0022] As Figure 6 shown, the third layer of metal 5 consists of an annular metal 501, four square metals 502 with horizontal grooves 504 in the center, and four rectangular metals 503. The four square metals 502 are arranged in the center of the annular metal 501 and are respectively facing each square metal 301. The four rectangular metals 503 connect the four square metals 502 to the adjacent long sides of the annular metal 501 respectively. In the area where the square metal 502 extends to the outer edge of the annular metal 501 through the annular metal 501, lower metal holes 17 forming a "U" shape are provided along the left and right sides of this area and the top edge of the square metal 502.

[0023] As Figure 8 shown, the fourth layer of metal 7 consists of four stepped metals 701 and four rectangular metals 702. The four stepped metals 701 are respectively facing each square metal 502, and the four rectangular metals 702 are respectively facing each rectangular metal 503. The stepped metals 701 and the rectangular metals 702 are connected in one-to-one correspondence.

[0024] As Figures 6 to 10 shown, the "U"-shaped lower metal holes 17 extend vertically downward through the fifth layer of metal 9. Among the third dielectric substrate 6, the fourth dielectric substrate 8, and the fifth layer of metal 9, no outer metal holes 14 are provided in the area of the "U"-shaped lower metal holes 17 to avoid affecting the flow of millimeter-wave signals. In the fourth layer of metal 7, the overall structure where the stepped metal 701 is connected to the rectangular metal 702 is located inside the "U"-shaped lower metal holes 17.

[0025] As Figure 10 shown, the fifth layer of metal 9 is an intermediate metal ground 901. Three vertical metal narrow slots 902 and two vertical metal wide slots 903 are provided on the horizontal center line of the intermediate metal ground 901. Among the three metal narrow slots 902, the middle one is located at the center of the four "U"-shaped lower metal holes 17, and the other two are respectively located on both sides of the four "U"-shaped lower metal holes 17. The two metal wide slots 903 are symmetrically arranged between the outer sides of the three metal narrow slots 902 and the outer metal holes 14. As <00​01 -0.75λ 01 between.

[0026] like Figure 12 As shown, the sixth metal layer 11 is a metal ground 1101, and a vertical groove 1102 is provided in the center of the metal ground 1101. Figure 13 As shown, the sixth dielectric substrate 12 is a pure dielectric. Figure 14 As shown, the seventh metal layer 13 is a horizontally arranged metal strip 1301, and the metal strip 1301 extends from the midpoint of the left side of the antenna structure to a position beyond the central vertical plane.

[0027] In the above structure, the upper dielectric substrate 2, the second dielectric substrate 4, the third dielectric substrate 6, the fourth dielectric substrate 8, the rectangular ring metal 101, the rectangular ring metal 501, and the outer metal hole 14 constitute the main microwave dielectric unit radiator. The fifth dielectric substrate 10, the middle metal ground 901, the three narrow metal slots 902, the two wide metal slots 903, the air slot 18, the metal ground 1101, the vertical slot 1102, and the outer metal hole 14 constitute the microwave dielectric unit coupling cavity. The upper metal hole 15 and the surrounding upper dielectric substrate 2, the square ring metal 102, the square metal 301, the horizontal slot 302, the air blind hole 16, and the air blind hole 19 constitute the millimeter wave dielectric unit radiator. The upper metal hole 15 and the surrounding second dielectric substrate 4, the square metal 502, the horizontal slot 504, and the air blind hole 16 constitute the cascade resonant cavity of the millimeter wave dielectric unit radiator. Four millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiators form a 2×2 millimeter-wave radiating array, embedded in the center of the microwave dielectric unit main radiator, forming a dielectric nested co-aperture radiator. Metal strips 1301, the sixth dielectric substrate 12, and metal ground plane 1101 form the microwave dielectric unit's microstrip feed line. Square metal 502, rectangular metal 503, stepped metal 701, rectangular metal 702, lower metal hole 17, and the surrounding third dielectric substrate 6, fourth dielectric substrate 8, rectangular ring metal 501, and intermediate metal ground plane 901 form the closed stripline feed structure for the millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiator.

[0028] For the proposed broadband, high-efficiency, co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves, the low-frequency signal is fed from the microstrip feed line of the microwave dielectric unit, coupled to the coupling cavity of the microwave dielectric unit through the vertical slot 1102 on the metal ground 1101, and then stimulates the main radiator of the microwave dielectric unit; the millimeter-wave signal is fed from the closed stripline feeding structure, coupled to the millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiator through the cascade resonant cavity. Under the overall action of the dielectric nested co-aperture radiator, Sub 6G frequency band signal radiation and millimeter-wave frequency band array radiation are formed.

[0029] Microwave dielectric antennas without an embedded millimeter-wave radiating array operate in the sub-6GHz frequency band with two distinct radiation modes: the TM01 mode and the TM02 mode. The TM01 mode initially radiates in a single beam, while the TM02 mode initially radiates in a three-beam pattern. The microwave dielectric unit's coupling cavity contains a pair of symmetrically spaced air slots 18, which adjust the magnetic flux amplitude distribution of the TM02 mode, shifting the TM02 mode's radiation from three beams to a single beam, thereby enhancing the radiation consistency between the TM01 and TM02 modes. Three narrow slots 902 and two wide slots 903 within the intermediate metal ground plane 901 at the top of the coupling cavity allow microwave signals to pass through while simultaneously compressing the electric field distribution of the TM01 mode. This shifts the TM01 mode's operating frequency upward and allows it to merge with the TM02 mode, thus achieving broadband operation in the microwave band. Furthermore, the central golden ground 901 also serves as a ground plane during millimeter-wave frequency band operation, enabling the microwave and millimeter-wave feed structures to be arranged in different planes. This prevents the millimeter-wave antenna structure from penetrating the entire cross-section of the microwave dielectric antenna due to a coplanar arrangement. This reduces the disturbance of the microwave electric field when the millimeter-wave array is embedded, facilitating broadband operation and radiation pattern consistency of the microwave dielectric antenna. Therefore, when the millimeter-wave array is embedded, the microwave operating bandwidth is minimally affected. Furthermore, the millimeter-wave array itself adjusts the magnetic flux amplitude distribution of the TM02 mode in the main radiator of the microwave dielectric unit, making the single-beam radiation characteristics of the TM02 mode more pronounced, further improving the consistency and gain of the radiation pattern in the microwave frequency band.

[0030] The millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiator with a cascaded resonant cavity itself has two available operating modes, namely TM01 mode and TM03 mode. The stepped metal 701 in the closed stripline feed structure can significantly improve the matching of the two operating modes and the frequency bands between them, thereby connecting the operating bands of the two modes and realizing millimeter-wave broadband operation. At the same time, the lower metal hole 17 of the closed stripline feed structure gives it its own low leakage characteristics, which can provide high isolation for microwave and millimeter-wave operation. In addition, the rectangular ring metal 101 on the top layer can weaken the surface wave radiation after the millimeter-wave array is embedded, thereby improving the radiation efficiency in the millimeter-wave frequency band and suppressing the distortion of the millimeter-wave radiation pattern.

[0031] This embodiment uses two substrates with relative dielectric constants of 10.2 and 3.55, and the electrical size of the antenna's common aperture radiator is 0.73λ. 01 ×0.55λ 01 ×0.11λ 01 The whole antenna can be realized by multi-layer board technology, and the integration level is high. S The simulation curves of parameters, gain and radiation efficiency are as follows: Figure 15 、 Figure 16 As shown, high frequency SThe simulation curves of parameters, gain and radiation efficiency are as follows: Figure 17 、 Figure 18 As shown, ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 are the feed ports of the four millimeter-wave units, and port 5 is the feed port of the low-frequency unit. As can be seen from the figure: the low-frequency operating band of this embodiment covers 5.06 to 5.94 GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 16%, the maximum gain within the operating band can reach 9.46 dBi, the radiation efficiency within the operating band is 90 to 93.3%, and the isolation of each millimeter-wave port from the low-frequency signal is greater than 86 dB; the millimeter-wave array operating band covers 22.54 to 27 GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 18%, the maximum gain within the operating band can reach 12.9 dBi, the radiation efficiency within the operating band is 80 to 84.6%, and the isolation of the low-frequency port from the millimeter-wave high-frequency signal is greater than 33.2 dB.

[0032] Figure 19 (a) and (b) show the antenna at the low frequency band of 5.25 GHz. E Face to face H Radiation pattern of the antenna E Face to face H The 3-dB beamwidths of the two surfaces are 54.8° and 78.6° respectively. E Face to face H The cross-polarization levels of the two planes are -37.5 dB and -36.7 dB respectively. Figure 19 (c) and (d) show the antenna at the low frequency band of 5.75 GHz. E Face to face H Radiation pattern of the antenna E Face to face H The 3-dB beamwidths of the two surfaces are 46.2° and 75.8° respectively. E Face to face H The cross-polarization levels of the two planes are -46.6 dB and -40.6 dB respectively.

[0033] Figure 20 (a) and (b) show the millimeter wave array at 23 GHz. E Face to face H Surface radiation pattern, E Face to face H The 3-dB beamwidths of the two planes are 43.8° and 43.7° respectively. E Face to face H The cross-polarization levels of the two planes are -42.6 dB and -41.2 dB respectively. Figure 20 (c) and (d) show the millimeter wave array at 26 GHz. E Face to face H Surface radiation pattern,E Face to face H The 3-dB beamwidths of the two surfaces are 23.5° and 28° respectively. E Face to face H The cross-polarization levels of the two planes are -46.1 dB and -41.6 dB respectively.

[0034] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves, characterized by: It includes a microwave dielectric unit main radiator and four millimeter wave dielectric unit radiators; Four millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiators form a 2×2 millimeter-wave radiation array; a cascade resonant cavity is provided below the millimeter-wave dielectric unit radiator; The millimeter wave dielectric unit radiator and the cascade resonant cavity are embedded in the microwave dielectric unit main radiator with the coupling cavity in a non-plane feeding manner.

2. The broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The common aperture antenna comprises, from top to bottom, a top metal layer (1), an upper dielectric substrate (2), a second metal layer (3), a second dielectric substrate (4), a third metal layer (5), a third dielectric substrate (6), a fourth metal layer (7), a fourth dielectric substrate (8), a fifth metal layer (9), a fifth dielectric substrate (10), a sixth metal layer (11), a sixth dielectric substrate (12), and a seventh metal layer (13), which are stacked in sequence; the overall structure of the antenna is left-right symmetrical about a central vertical plane; The top metal (1) includes a first rectangular ring metal (101) and four square ring metals (102), and the four square ring metals (102) are arranged in a 2×2 rectangular array at the center of the first rectangular ring metal (101); the first rectangular ring metal (101) is provided with a circle of outer metal holes (14) extending vertically downward and passing through the sixth layer of metal (11) along its four sides; the square ring metal (102) is provided with a circle of upper metal holes (15) extending vertically downward and passing through the second layer of dielectric substrate (4) along its four sides; The second metal layer (3) includes four first square metals (301) with first horizontal grooves (302) in the center; the four first square metals (301) are respectively opposite to the annular metals (102); the first square metals (301) are located inside the upper metal hole (15) and are also provided with a circle of first air blind holes (16) extending vertically through the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the second dielectric substrate (4); the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the second dielectric substrate (4) are respectively provided with second air blind holes (19) in the area facing the first horizontal grooves (302); The third metal layer (5) includes a second rectangular ring-shaped metal (501) and four second square metals (502) with second horizontal grooves (504) in the center; the four second square metals (502) are arranged in the center of the rectangular ring-shaped metal (501) and are respectively opposite to the first square metals (301); The fourth metal layer (7) includes four stepped metals (701) and four second rectangular metals (702) corresponding to and connected to the stepped metals (701); The fifth metal layer (9) is an intermediate metal ground (901), and three vertical narrow metal grooves (902) and two vertical wide metal grooves (903) are provided on the horizontal center line of the intermediate metal ground (901); the two wide metal grooves (903) are symmetrically arranged between the outer sides of the three narrow metal grooves (902) and the outer metal holes (14); the fifth dielectric substrate (10) is provided with two vertical air grooves (18), and the two air grooves (18) are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the dielectric substrate; The sixth-layer metal (11) is the metal ground (1101), and a vertical groove (1102) is provided at the center of the metal ground (1101); the sixth-layer dielectric substrate (12) is a pure dielectric; the seventh-layer metal (13) is a horizontally arranged metal strip (1301), and the metal strip (1301) extends from the midpoint of the left side of the antenna structure to a position beyond the central vertical plane.

3. The broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third-layer metal (5) further includes four first rectangular metals (503); the four first rectangular metals (503) respectively connect the four second square metals (502) to the adjacent long sides of the second rectangular ring metal (501); in the region where the second square metal (502) extends to the outer edge of the second rectangular ring metal (501) through the second rectangular ring metal (501), lower-layer metal holes (17) forming a "U" shape are provided along the left and right sides of this region and the top edge of the second square metal (502). In the fourth-layer metal (7), four stepped metals (701) respectively face the second square metals (502), and four second rectangular metals (702) respectively face the rectangular metals (503). The "U"-shaped lower-layer metal holes (17) extend vertically downward through the fifth-layer metal (9). In the fourth-layer metal (7), the overall structure where the stepped metal (701) is connected to the rectangular metal (702) is correspondingly located inside the "U"-shaped lower-layer metal holes (17).

4. The broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves according to claim 3, characterized in that: Among the three metal narrow grooves (902) of the fifth-layer metal (9), the middle one is located at the center of the four "U"-shaped lower-layer metal holes (17), and the other two are respectively located on both sides of the four "U"-shaped lower-layer metal holes (17).

5. The broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The upper-layer dielectric substrate (2) and the second-layer dielectric substrate (4) have the same dielectric constant, and the third-layer dielectric substrate (6), the fourth-layer dielectric substrate (8), the fifth-layer dielectric substrate (10), and the sixth-layer dielectric substrate (12) have the same dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant is less than that of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (2) and the second-layer dielectric substrate (4).

6. The broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: In the top metal layer (1), the horizontal length of the inner side of the first rectangular ring metal (101) is 0.71λ 01 -0.75λ 01 The width of the inner vertical direction is 0.53λ 01 -0.57λ 01 Between, λ 01 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the microwave band; the inner side length of the square ring metal (102) is 0.08λ 01 -0.084λ 01 The center distance between adjacent square ring metals (102) is 0.8λ 02 -0.84λ 02 Between, λ 02 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the millimeter wave band.

7. The broadband co-aperture antenna compatible with Sub 6G and millimeter waves according to claim 6, characterized in that: On the fifth dielectric substrate (10), the center distance between the two air slots (18) is 0.71λ 01 -0.75λ 01 between.

Images