Antenna array and communication equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of communication, and discloses an antenna array and a communication device, the antenna array comprises a substrate, a circuit board, a main set antenna, a diversity antenna, a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit and a feed structure, the main set antenna is electrically connected with the circuit board, the main set antenna is used for signal emission, and the diversity antenna is used for receiving signals. The diversity antenna and the main antenna are symmetrically arranged and are used for receiving signals, the first antenna unit is electrically connected with the circuit board, the first antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting signals in a first frequency band range, the second antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting signals in a second frequency band range, and the first antenna unit is electrically connected with the circuit board. And the main set antenna and the diversity antenna cover a third frequency band range together. Through the above mode, according to the embodiment of the invention, signals of each frequency band can be directly transmitted through a dedicated channel, a complex frequency band switching control circuit is not needed, and the problems of signal loss and switching delay caused by a radio frequency switch in a traditional scheme are fundamentally avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna array and communication equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of multi-standard wireless communication technologies such as 5G, Wi-Fi 6 / 7, and GPS, modern communications equipment must simultaneously support an increasing number of frequency bands and protocols. Operators in different regions of the world have adopted different frequency band configurations. For example, China's 5G primarily uses the 3.5 GHz band, while the United States widely adopts the 28 GHz millimeter wave band. Europe has allocated multiple 5G frequency bands in the 700 MHz-3.8 GHz range.

[0003] During the implementation of the present invention, the inventors discovered that conventional antenna designs typically employ a discrete architecture, designing separate antenna modules for different communication standards and frequency bands. To support multiple frequency bands, existing solutions typically require the integration of complex RF switches and switching control circuits. These additional circuit modules not only increase system complexity and power consumption, but also introduce additional signal loss and potential failure points, reducing overall system reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna array, which processes signals of different frequency bands respectively through the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and the main antenna and the diversity antenna jointly cover the third frequency band range. A single module can support multi-standard communications such as 5G, WIFI, GPS, etc., and the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the main antenna / diversity antenna combination work independently on the same substrate. The signals of each frequency band are directly transmitted through a dedicated channel, without the need for a complex frequency band switching control circuit, fundamentally avoiding the signal loss and switching delay problems caused by the RF switch in the traditional solution.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in an embodiment of the present application is: providing an antenna array, including a substrate, a circuit board, a main antenna, a diversity antenna, a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit and a feeding structure, wherein the circuit board is arranged on the substrate, the main antenna is arranged on the substrate, the main antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board, the main antenna is used for signal transmission, the diversity antenna is arranged on the substrate, the diversity antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board, the diversity antenna and the main antenna are symmetrically arranged for signal reception, the first antenna unit is arranged on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the first antenna unit is used for signal transmission and reception in a first frequency band range, the second antenna unit is arranged on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the second antenna unit is used for signal transmission and reception in a second frequency band range, wherein the main antenna and the diversity antenna jointly cover a third frequency band range, the feeding structure is respectively connected to the main antenna, the diversity antenna, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and the feeding structure is integrated with the circuit board.

[0006] Optionally, the main antenna includes a first radiating branch, a first parasitic structure and a second parasitic structure, the first radiating branch is arranged at the corner of the substrate, one end of the first parasitic branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the second parasitic structure is arranged between the first parasitic structure and the first radiating branch.

[0007] Optionally, the first radiating branch node extends to include a first rectangular radiating portion and a second rectangular radiating portion, the first rectangular radiating portion is arranged at one end of the first radiating branch node, the second rectangular radiating portion is arranged at the other end of the first radiating branch node, and the first radiating branch node is bent.

[0008] Optionally, the first parasitic structure includes a first parasitic radiation portion and a first L-shaped branch, the first parasitic radiation portion and the first L-shaped branch are connected, and one end of the first L-shaped branch is electrically connected to the circuit board.

[0009] Optionally, the second parasitic structure includes a second radiation branch, a third radiation branch extends from one end of the second radiation branch, a fourth radiation branch extends from the other end of the second radiation branch, and the third radiation branch and the fourth radiation branch are both arranged perpendicular to the second radiation branch.

[0010] Optionally, the first antenna unit includes a first frequency band radiation branch, a second frequency band radiation branch, a third frequency band radiation branch and a first feeding branch, the first frequency band radiation branch and the second frequency band radiation branch are bent and connected and arranged at the corner of the substrate, one end of the third frequency band radiation branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and one end of the first feeding branch is connected to the second frequency band radiation branch.

[0011] Optionally, the third frequency band radiation branch includes a first connection portion and a second connection portion, the first connection portion and the second connection portion are bent, and the second connection portion is extended to form a third connection portion.

[0012] Optionally, the diversity antenna includes a fifth radiating branch, a third parasitic structure and a fourth parasitic structure, the fifth radiating branch is arranged at the corner of the substrate, one end of the third parasitic branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the fourth parasitic structure is arranged between the third parasitic structure and the fifth radiating branch.

[0013] Optionally, the second antenna unit includes a fourth frequency band radiation branch, a fifth frequency band radiation branch, a sixth frequency band radiation branch and a second feeding branch, the fourth frequency band radiation branch and the fifth frequency band radiation branch are bent and connected and arranged at the corner of the substrate, one end of the fourth frequency band radiation branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and one end of the second feeding branch is connected to the fifth frequency band radiation branch.

[0014] In order to solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is: providing a communication device, including any of the above antenna arrays.

[0015] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, including a substrate, a circuit board, a main antenna, a diversity antenna, a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit and a feeding structure, wherein the circuit board is arranged on the substrate, the main antenna is arranged on the substrate, the main antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board, the main antenna is used for signal transmission, the diversity antenna is arranged on the substrate, the diversity antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board, the diversity antenna and the main antenna are symmetrically arranged for signal reception, the first antenna unit is arranged on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the first antenna unit is used for signal transmission and reception within a first frequency band, the second antenna unit is arranged on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the second antenna unit is used for signal transmission and reception within a second frequency band, wherein the main antenna and the diversity antenna are arranged on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the first antenna unit is used for signal transmission and reception within a first frequency band, The diversity antennas jointly cover the third frequency band range, the feeding structure is respectively connected to the main antenna, the diversity antenna, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and the feeding structure is integrated with the circuit board. The first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the main antenna / diversity antenna combination work independently on the same substrate. The signals of each frequency band are directly transmitted through a dedicated channel without the need for a complex frequency band switching control circuit, which fundamentally avoids the signal loss and switching delay problems caused by the radio frequency switch in the traditional solution. In addition, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit process signals of different frequency bands respectively, and the main antenna and the diversity antenna jointly cover the third frequency band range. A single module can support multi-standard communications such as 5G, WIFI, GPS, etc., meeting the technical requirements of modern communication equipment for multi-mode real-time communication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is another schematic diagram of an antenna array embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is another schematic diagram of an antenna array embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is the S-parameter diagram of the main antenna of the antenna array of this application; Figure 5 is the efficiency diagram of the main antenna of the antenna array of this application; Figure 6 is the S-parameter diagram of the first antenna unit of the antenna array of the present application; Figure 7is an efficiency diagram of the first antenna unit of the antenna array of the present application; Figure 8 It is the S-parameter diagram of the antenna array diversity antenna of the present application; Figure 9 This is the efficiency diagram of the antenna array diversity antenna of this application.

[0018] The reference numerals in the specific embodiments are as follows: 100, antenna array; 10, substrate; 20, circuit board; 30, main antenna; 40, diversity antenna; 41, fifth radiating branch; 42, third parasitic structure; 43, fourth parasitic structure; 50, first antenna unit; 60, second antenna unit; 31. First radiation branch; 311. First rectangular radiation portion; 312. Second rectangular radiation portion; 32. First parasitic structure; 321. First parasitic radiation portion; 322. First L-shaped branch; 33. Second parasitic structure; 331. Second radiation branch; 332. Third radiation branch; 334. Fourth radiation branch; 51. First frequency band radiation branch; 52. Second frequency band radiation branch; 53. Third frequency band radiation branch; 531. First connecting portion; 532. Second connecting portion; 533. Third connecting portion; 54. First feeding branch; 61. Fourth frequency band radiation branch; 62. Fifth frequency band radiation branch; 63. Sixth frequency band radiation branch; 64. Second feeding branch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or there can be one or more centered elements therebetween. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there can be one or more centered elements therebetween. The terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. used in this specification indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.

[0021] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] See also Figure 1 The antenna array 100 includes a substrate 10, a circuit board 20, a main antenna 30, a diversity antenna 40, a first antenna unit 50, a second antenna unit 60, and a feed structure (not shown). The substrate 10 is made of FR-4 dielectric material, which has good dielectric properties and mechanical strength. The circuit board 20 is arranged on the upper layer of the substrate 10 and includes a radio frequency circuit and a control circuit. The main antenna 30 is arranged at one end of the substrate 10 and is electrically connected to the circuit board 20. It is mainly used for transmitting 5G signals. The diversity antenna 40 is arranged at the other end of the substrate 10, symmetrically arranged with the main antenna 30, and is mainly used for receiving 5G signals. The first antenna unit 50 is arranged on one side of the substrate 10 and is electrically connected to the circuit board 20. It is used for transmitting and receiving signals in the 2.4GHz WiFi frequency band, 1.575GHz GPS, and 5.15-7.125GHz frequency band. The second antenna unit 60 is located on the other side of the substrate 10 and is electrically connected to the circuit board 20. It transmits and receives signals in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band, the 1.575 GHz GPS band, and the 5.15-7.125 GHz band. The main antenna 30 and the diversity antenna 40 jointly cover the 617 MHz-960 MHz and 1710 MHz-2700 MHz 5G bands, enabling signal transmission and reception. The feed structure (not shown) includes microstrip transmission lines connecting each antenna unit to the circuit board 20. These lines feature a 50Ω characteristic impedance and are integrated with the circuit board 20 to ensure low-loss signal transmission.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application achieve unified integration of multi-band antennas, avoiding the complexity of traditional discrete antenna design.

[0024] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3The main collecting antenna 30 includes a first radiating branch 31, a first parasitic structure 32 and a second parasitic structure 33. The first radiating branch 31 is arranged at the corner of the substrate 10 and serves as the main radiating unit of the main collecting antenna 30. The first radiating branch 31 adopts a bending design to adapt to the requirements of miniaturized layout while maintaining good electrical performance. The first radiating branch 31 is extended with a first rectangular radiating portion 311 and a second rectangular radiating portion 312 to form a dual-band radiation structure. The first rectangular radiating portion 311 is arranged at one end of the first radiating branch 31 and is mainly responsible for the radiation function of low-frequency band signals. The second rectangular radiating portion 312 is arranged at the other end of the first radiating branch 31 and is mainly responsible for the radiation function of high-frequency band signals. The first radiating branch 31 is arranged in a bent shape as a whole. The bending structure realizes a longer current path in a limited space, thereby improving the radiation efficiency in the low-frequency band. A smooth transition design is adopted at the bending point to avoid the influence of impedance mutation on signal transmission.

[0025] The first parasitic structure 32 is located in the vicinity of the first radiating branch 31. Its primary function is frequency band tuning and impedance matching, influencing the resonant characteristics of the main radiating branch through electromagnetic coupling. The first parasitic structure 32 includes a first parasitic radiating portion 321 and a first L-shaped branch 322. The first parasitic radiating portion 321 has a rectangular sheet structure and is directly connected to the first L-shaped branch 322 to form a unified parasitic unit. The first L-shaped branch 322 consists of a horizontal segment and a vertical segment, forming an L-shaped geometry. One end of the first L-shaped branch 322 is connected to the first parasitic radiating portion 321, and the other end is electrically connected to the circuit board 20 through a via structure, establishing a reliable electrical connection path. This connection design uses standard impedance matching to ensure low-loss signal transmission. The second parasitic structure 33 is located midway between the first parasitic structure 32 and the first radiating branch 31 and plays an important role in coupling adjustment and frequency band broadening. Through electromagnetic coupling with adjacent structures, the frequency response characteristics of the overall antenna array 100 are optimized. The second parasitic structure 33 includes a second radiating branch 331. The second radiating branches 331 are arranged in a linear pattern, providing a stable coupling reference for adjacent structures. Extending from one end of the second radiating branch 331 is a third radiating branch 332, and from the other end is a fourth radiating branch 334. Both the third and fourth radiating branches 332, 334 are arranged perpendicular to the second radiating branch 331. The third radiating branch 332 is primarily used to enhance radiation in the mid- and high-frequency bands, while the fourth radiating branch 334 is primarily used to optimize radiation in the mid-frequency band. The third and fourth radiating branches 332, 334 correspond to different resonant frequencies, achieving multi-band coverage.

[0026] Figure 4This is a graph of the main antenna 30's S-parameters, demonstrating its return loss characteristics across key frequency bands. Test data indicates that in core 5G frequency bands like 2.7 GHz and 3.3 GHz, return loss remains below -10 dB, fully meeting the technical requirements for efficient 5G signal transmission. The S-parameter performance verifies the main antenna 30's excellent impedance matching across multiple 5G frequency bands, ensuring low reflection loss during signal transmission.

[0027] Please combine Figure 5 Through the above settings, the radiation efficiency of the main antenna 30 in the 617MHz-960MHz frequency band reaches above -3.5dB, the radiation efficiency in the 1710MHz-2700MHz frequency band reaches above -2.8dB, and the radiation efficiency in the 3300MHz-4200MHz frequency band reaches above -2.2dB.

[0028] A cascade coupling relationship is formed between the first radiating branch 31, the first parasitic structure 32, and the second parasitic structure 33. The first radiating branch 31, as the main radiating unit, provides basic frequency band coverage. The first parasitic structure 32 adjusts the resonance characteristics of the main radiating branch through near-field coupling. The second parasitic structure 33 provides a coupling bridge between the two to further broaden the frequency band and optimize impedance. The entire main antenna 30 structure achieves efficient radiation in multiple 5G frequency bands through multi-level electromagnetic coupling, while maintaining good impedance matching and omnidirectional radiation characteristics. The interaction between the various structures has been precisely designed to ensure optimal overall performance.

[0029] See also Figure 2The first antenna unit 50 adopts a multi-branch integrated design, including a first-band radiation branch 51, a second-band radiation branch 52, a third-band radiation branch 53 and a first feed branch 54, forming a unified multi-band radiation system, which can simultaneously handle the signal transmission requirements of the WIFI 2.4GHz band and the 5.15GHz-7.125GHz high-frequency band. Specifically, the first-band radiation branch 51 and the second-band radiation branch 52 constitute the main radiation part of the first antenna unit 50, which are respectively responsible for signal processing in different frequency bands. The first-band radiation branch 51 mainly processes the WIFI 2.4GHz frequency band signal, and the second-band radiation branch 52 mainly processes the 5.15GHz-7.125GHz high-frequency band signal. The first-band radiation branch 51 and the second-band radiation branch 52 adopt a bending connection method to form a continuous current path. This bending connection design realizes effective excitation of dual bands in the same structure through the reasonable configuration of the current path. The zigzag connection not only ensures electrical continuity but also, through differentiated path length design, enables optimal radiation at the respective resonant lengths for different frequency bands. The first-band radiating branch 51 and the second-band radiating branch 52 are integrally positioned in the corners of substrate 10, fully utilizing the edge space of substrate 10 for a compact layout. This corner arrangement facilitates excellent omnidirectional radiation characteristics while providing relatively independent radiation environments for the two frequency bands, reducing mutual interference between the bands.

[0030] Furthermore, the third-band radiating branch 53 in the first antenna unit 50 performs frequency tuning and impedance matching, and is optimized specifically for broadband applications. One end of the third-band radiating branch 53 is directly electrically connected to the circuit board 20, establishing the primary electrical path between the first antenna unit 50 and the RF circuit. The third-band radiating branch 53 adopts a segmented structural design, including a first connecting portion 531 and a second connecting portion 532. A bend is provided between the first connecting portion 531 and the second connecting portion 532, achieving impedance transformation and matching functions for different frequency bands through the bend structure. This segmented bend design enables a single structure to simultaneously meet the impedance requirements of both the 2.4 GHz and 5.15 GHz-7.125 GHz frequency bands. The second connecting portion 532 is provided with a third connecting portion 533 along its extension direction, forming a branched structure. The addition of the third connecting portion 533 provides an additional resonant path for the high-frequency band of 5.15 GHz-7.125 GHz, ensuring good radiation performance over a wide high-frequency range. The three connecting parts jointly realize the broadband characteristics of the first antenna unit 50 in the dual-band through optimized length ratio. The first feed branch 54 plays a key role in signal transmission and power distribution in the first antenna unit 50, and needs to meet the transmission requirements of two frequency bands at the same time. One end of the first feed branch 54 is connected to the second-band radiation branch 52 to establish an electrical connection with the main radiation structure. The first feed branch 54 adopts a broadband microstrip line structure and has a stable characteristic impedance in the 2.4GHz and 5.15GHz-7.125GHz frequency bands. Through the optimized connection with the second-band radiation branch 52, the first feed branch 54 effectively transmits the radio frequency signal from the circuit board 20 to the dual-band radiation structure, realizing simultaneous excitation of the two frequency bands. The connection point position of the first feed branch 54 has been selected through multi-band optimization to ensure good impedance matching in both operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit 50. The connection adopts a gradual transition design to reduce the impact of impedance discontinuity during broadband operation.

[0031] In this embodiment of the present application, the first antenna unit 50 achieves efficient dual-band signal transmission and reception within the first frequency band through the coordinated operation of the four branches described above. The zigzag connection design of the first-band radiating branch 51 and the second-band radiating branch 52 ensures independent radiation functions in the two frequency bands. The segmented structure of the three-band radiating branches provides precise dual-band tuning capabilities, and the first feed branch ensures the reliability of broadband signal transmission.

[0032] Please combine Figure 6 , Figure 6This is the S-parameter plot of the Wi-Fi antenna, the first antenna unit. The Wi-Fi antenna S-parameter curve verifies the matching characteristics of the Wi-Fi antenna in the 2.4 GHz and 5.15 GHz to 7.125 GHz frequency bands. The test results show that the Wi-Fi antenna achieves excellent return loss control across multiple frequency bands, ensuring effective transmission and reception of Wi-Fi signals. This performance supports the technical requirements of advanced wireless standards such as Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 6E, and Wi-Fi 7.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a graph of the Wi-Fi signal radiation efficiency of the first antenna unit. The Wi-Fi antenna radiation efficiency curve demonstrates the Wi-Fi antenna's radiation capability across a wide frequency range. Efficiency test data confirms that the Wi-Fi antenna maintains excellent radiation performance in both the traditional 2.4 GHz band and high-frequency bands above 5 GHz, providing reliable technical support for high-speed wireless data transmission.

[0034] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diversity antenna 40 is symmetrically arranged with the main antenna 30 and is responsible for the signal reception function in the third frequency band. The diversity antenna 40 includes a fifth radiating branch 41, a third parasitic structure 42 and a fourth parasitic structure 43. Through reasonable geometric layout and electromagnetic coupling relationship, a unified receiving system is formed to specifically handle the signal reception requirements within the 5G frequency band. The structure of the diversity antenna 40 maintains a symmetrical configuration with the main antenna 30 to ensure the balance and consistency of the MIMO system. The fifth radiating branch 41, as the main radiating unit of the diversity antenna 40, is arranged at the corner of the substrate 10. The corner setting forms a symmetrical layout with the first radiating branch 31 of the main antenna 30 to ensure the balanced configuration of the two antenna units in space. The selection of the corner position fully utilizes the edge space of the substrate 10 and provides a good radiation environment for the diversity antenna 40. The fifth radiating branch 41 is used for the main signal reception function of the diversity antenna 40 and has efficient signal capture capability within the third frequency band. The fifth radiating branch 41 achieves broadband reception characteristics and good impedance matching performance through electromagnetic coupling with adjacent parasitic structures. The arrangement direction of the fifth radiating branch 41 remains consistent with that of the first radiating branch 31 of the main antenna 30, ensuring matching of the two antenna units in the polarization direction, thereby optimizing the channel capacity and transmission quality of the MIMO system.

[0035] The third parasitic structure 42 is used for signal transmission and frequency band tuning in the diversity antenna 40. One end of the third parasitic structure 42 is directly electrically connected to the circuit board 20 to establish the main electrical path between the diversity antenna 40 and the radio frequency circuit. This direct connection method ensures low-loss transmission and reliable electrical connection of the received signal. The third parasitic structure 42 effectively transmits the radio frequency signal captured by the fifth radiating branch 41 to the receiving circuit through the electrical connection with the circuit board 20. The third parasitic structure 42 also adjusts and optimizes the resonant characteristics of the diversity antenna 40 through electromagnetic coupling with the fifth radiating branch 41. This coupling adjustment function helps to broaden the operating bandwidth of the diversity antenna 40 and improve its receiving performance in multiple 5G sub-bands. The fourth parasitic structure 43 is arranged between the third parasitic structure 42 and the fifth radiating branch 41, acting as a coupling bridge and performance optimization. The fourth parasitic structure 43 achieves fine adjustment of the overall performance of the diversity antenna 40 through electromagnetic coupling with two adjacent components.

[0036] It should be noted that the position configuration of the fourth parasitic structure 43 is optimized through electromagnetic simulation to ensure that it maintains appropriate coupling strength with the third parasitic structure 42 and the fifth radiating branch 41. Excessive coupling may cause frequency band shift, while too weak coupling cannot achieve effective performance optimization.

[0037] Through the fourth parasitic structure 43, diversity antenna 40 achieves independent performance optimization while maintaining symmetry with main antenna 30. Fourth parasitic structure 43 helps improve the radiation efficiency of diversity antenna 40, optimizes its receiving sensitivity within the third frequency band, and enhances the overall system's anti-fading capability.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, the diversity antenna 40 realizes efficient signal reception function within the third frequency band through the coordinated work of the above three structures. The fifth radiating branch 41 provides the main signal capture capability, the third parasitic structure 42 ensures reliable signal transmission and frequency band tuning, and the fourth parasitic structure 43 improves the overall reception performance through coupling optimization. The entire diversity antenna 40 structure and the main antenna 30 form a complete MIMO system, which exhibits good receiving sensitivity and anti-interference capability within the 5G frequency band. Through symmetrical setting and independent optimization with the main antenna 30, the diversity antenna 40 provides a reliable diversity reception function for the entire antenna array 100 system, significantly improving the channel capacity and transmission reliability of the 5G communication system.

[0039] Figure 8 This is the S-parameter curve of diversity antenna 40, reflecting its impedance matching characteristics within the 5G frequency band. Test data demonstrates that diversity antenna 40 maintains consistent superior performance with main antenna 30, achieving excellent input impedance matching within the critical operating frequency band, providing a stable RF foundation for the MIMO system's reception capabilities.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a radiation efficiency graph for diversity antenna 40. The radiation efficiency curve illustrates the energy efficiency of diversity antenna 40 in receive mode. This efficiency data demonstrates that diversity antenna 40 maintains a stable, high level of efficiency across the 1.71 GHz to 2.7 GHz frequency band, supporting 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G MIMO diversity reception, effectively offsetting channel capacity requirements for high-speed data transmission.

[0041] Furthermore, the second antenna unit 60 is responsible for the signal receiving and transmitting function in the second frequency band range, which is consistent with the first antenna unit 50, covering the WIFI 2.4GHz band, the 5.15GHz-7.125GHz high frequency band and the GPS1.575GHz band, and realizes comprehensive wireless communication and navigation signal processing capabilities through multi-branch collaborative design. The second antenna unit 60 includes a fourth-band radiation branch 61, a fifth-band radiation branch 62, a sixth-band radiation branch 63 and a second feed branch 64, which maintain structural symmetry and functional consistency with the first antenna unit 50, forming a complete multi-band signal processing system, and processing the reception and transmission requirements of WIFI and GPS signals at the same time. The fourth-band radiation branch 61 and the fifth-band radiation branch 62 constitute the main radiation part of the second antenna unit 60, which are respectively responsible for the signal processing functions of different frequency bands. The fourth-band radiation branch 61 mainly processes WIFI 2.4GHz band signals, and the fifth-band radiation branch 62 mainly processes 5.15GHz-7.125GHz high-frequency band signals. The two work together to support GPS 1.575GHz band signal processing. The fourth-band radiation branch and the fifth-band radiation branch 62 adopt a bending connection method to form a continuous current path. This bending connection design realizes effective excitation of multiple bands within the same structure through the reasonable configuration of the current path. The bending connection not only ensures electrical continuity, but also achieves the best radiation or reception effect at their respective resonant lengths through the differentiated design of the path length. The fourth-band radiation branch 61 and the fifth-band radiation branch 62 are arranged as a whole at the corner of the substrate 10, forming a symmetrical configuration with the first antenna unit 50. The corner setting makes full use of the edge space of the substrate 10 to provide relatively independent radiation environments for multiple bands, reduce mutual interference between bands, and ensure the omnidirectional reception characteristics of GPS signals. The fourth-band radiation branch 61 is used for the main electrical connection between the second antenna unit 60 and the circuit board 20. One end of the fourth-band radiation branch 61 is directly electrically connected to the circuit board 20 to establish a signal transmission path between the second antenna unit 60 and the multi-band radio frequency circuit. The electrical connection adopts a broadband low-loss design, which can simultaneously meet the signal transmission requirements of multiple frequency bands such as WIFI and GPS. The position and connection method of the connection point have been optimized for multiple frequency bands to ensure good impedance matching in the 2.4GHz, 5.15GHz-7.125GHz and 1.575GHz frequency bands, minimizing the reflection and transmission loss of signals in different frequency bands. The fourth-band radiation branch 61 is connected to the fifth-band radiation branch 62 through a bend to form a complete multi-band signal processing link. The fourth-band radiation branch 61 not only undertakes the electrical connection function, but also participates in the signal radiation and reception process of each frequency band to ensure the multi-band coordination of the entire second antenna unit 60.

[0042] The sixth-band radiating branch 63, through electromagnetic coupling with other radiating branches, finely adjusts and optimizes the characteristics of multiple operating frequency bands. Providing additional resonant paths for the Wi-Fi and GPS bands, this helps improve the bandwidth characteristics and signal processing performance of the second antenna unit 60 in each frequency band. It also provides inter-band interference suppression. Through its unique geometric structure and electromagnetic properties, it reduces mutual interference between different frequency bands, ensuring the independence and accuracy of Wi-Fi communication and GPS navigation signals, and maintaining excellent signal processing performance in each band.

[0043] The second feed branch 64 plays a key role in multi-band signal transmission and power distribution within the second antenna unit 60. One end of this branch connects to the fifth-band radiating branch 62, establishing an electrical connection with the main radiating structure and forming a complete multi-band signal transmission path. The second feed branch 64 utilizes a broadband microstrip structure, providing a stable characteristic impedance across multiple Wi-Fi and GPS frequency bands.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, the second antenna unit 60 realizes efficient multi-band signal transceiver function within the second frequency band through the coordinated work of the above-mentioned four branches. The bending connection of the fourth-band radiation branch 61 and the fifth-band radiation branch 62 ensures the main radiation function of the WIFI and GPS bands, the sixth-band radiation branch 63 provides accurate multi-band tuning and interference suppression capabilities, and the second feed branch 64 ensures the reliability and consistency of multi-band signal transmission. The second antenna unit 60 exhibits excellent signal processing capabilities in the WIFI 2.4GHz, 5.15GHz-7.125GHz and GPS 1.575GHz frequency bands. Through the precise coordination between the branches, the same frequency band coverage as the first antenna unit 50 is achieved, providing redundancy and performance enhancement for the entire antenna array 100, and providing a balanced multi-band processing capability for the antenna array 100 system through a four-branch design symmetrical to the first antenna unit 50 and consistent frequency band coverage.

[0045] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array 100, including a substrate 10, a circuit board 20, a main antenna 30, a diversity antenna 40, a first antenna unit 50, a second antenna unit 60, and a feeding structure (not shown). The circuit board 20 is arranged on the substrate 10, the main antenna 30 is arranged on the substrate 10, the main antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board 20, the main antenna 30 is used for signal transmission, the diversity antenna 40 is arranged on the substrate 10, the diversity antenna 40 is electrically connected to the circuit board 20, and the diversity antenna 40 and the main antenna 30 are symmetrically arranged for signal reception. The first antenna unit 50 is arranged on the substrate 10 and electrically connected to the circuit board 20. The first antenna unit 50 is used for transmitting and receiving signals in a first frequency band range. The second antenna unit 60 is arranged on the substrate 10 and electrically connected to the circuit board 20. The second antenna unit 60 is used for transmitting and receiving signals in a second frequency band range. The main antenna 30 and the diversity antenna 40 jointly cover the third frequency band range. The feeding structure (not shown) is respectively connected to the main antenna 30, the diversity antenna 40, the first antenna unit 50, and the second antenna unit 60. In addition, the feeding structure (not shown) is integrated with the circuit board 20. The first antenna unit 50, the second antenna unit 60, and the main antenna 30 / diversity antenna 40 combination operate independently on the same substrate 10. Signals of each frequency band are directly transmitted through a dedicated channel without the need for a complex frequency band switching control circuit, fundamentally avoiding the signal loss and switching delay problems caused by the radio frequency switch in the traditional solution. In addition, the first antenna unit 50 and the second antenna unit 60 respectively process signals of different frequency bands. The main antenna 30 and the diversity antenna 40 jointly cover the third frequency band range. A single module can support multi-standard communications such as 5G, WIFI, and GPS, meeting the technical requirements of modern communication equipment for multi-mode real-time communication.

[0046] This application also provides an embodiment of a communications device, comprising the aforementioned antenna array 100. By integrating the multi-band antenna array 100 described in the aforementioned embodiment, the device achieves unified platform processing for multi-standard wireless communication functions, such as 5G, Wi-Fi, and GPS, providing comprehensive technical support for modern mobile communications and Internet of Things applications. The antenna array 100 is integrated into the device's mainboard, with the substrate 10 directly incorporated into the device's main printed circuit board 20. The main antenna 30 and diversity antenna 40 are located at opposite ends of the mainboard, achieving a symmetrical layout that ensures spatial diversity in the 5G MIMO system. The first antenna unit 50 and the second antenna unit 60 are integrated into the side areas of the mainboard, providing dedicated signal processing channels for Wi-Fi and GPS functions. The feed structure (not shown) is integrated with the mainboard's RF circuit layer, connecting each antenna unit to its corresponding RF circuit via microstrip lines and vias. The above description is merely an embodiment of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that: include: substrate; a circuit board, disposed on the substrate; A main antenna is provided on the substrate, the main antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the main antenna is used for signal transmission; A diversity antenna is provided on the substrate, the diversity antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the diversity antenna is symmetrically arranged with the main antenna for signal reception; a first antenna unit, disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the first antenna unit being used for transmitting and receiving signals within a first frequency band; a second antenna unit, disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the circuit board, the second antenna unit being configured to transmit and receive signals within a second frequency band, wherein the main antenna and the diversity antenna jointly cover a third frequency band; A feeding structure is respectively connected to the main antenna, the diversity antenna, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and the feeding structure is integrated with the circuit board.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: The main antenna includes a first radiating branch, a first parasitic structure and a second parasitic structure. The first radiating branch is arranged at the corner of the substrate, one end of the first parasitic branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the second parasitic structure is arranged between the first parasitic structure and the first radiating branch.

3. The antenna array according to claim 2, wherein: The first radiating branch node extends to have a first rectangular radiating portion and a second rectangular radiating portion. The first rectangular radiating portion is arranged at one end of the first radiating branch node, the second rectangular radiating portion is arranged at the other end of the first radiating branch node, and the first radiating branch node is bent.

4. The antenna array according to claim 2, wherein: The first parasitic structure includes a first parasitic radiation portion and a first L-shaped branch, the first parasitic radiation portion and the first L-shaped branch are connected, and one end of the first L-shaped branch is electrically connected to the circuit board.

5. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that The second parasitic structure includes a second radiation branch, a third radiation branch extends from one end of the second radiation branch, a fourth radiation branch extends from the other end of the second radiation branch, and the third radiation branch and the fourth radiation branch are both perpendicularly arranged to the second radiation branch.

6. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: The first antenna unit includes a first frequency band radiation branch, a second frequency band radiation branch, a third frequency band radiation branch and a first feeding branch. The first frequency band radiation branch and the second frequency band radiation branch are bent and connected and arranged at the corner of the substrate. One end of the third frequency band radiation branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and one end of the first feeding branch is connected to the second frequency band radiation branch.

7. The antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that The third frequency band radiation branch includes a first connection portion and a second connection portion, the first connection portion and the second connection portion are bent, and the second connection portion is extended to form a third connection portion.

8. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: The diversity antenna includes a fifth radiation branch, a third parasitic structure and a fourth parasitic structure. The fifth radiation branch is arranged at the corner of the substrate, one end of the third parasitic branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the fourth parasitic structure is arranged between the third parasitic structure and the fifth radiation branch.

9. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: The second antenna unit includes a fourth frequency band radiation branch, a fifth frequency band radiation branch, a sixth frequency band radiation branch and a second feeding branch. The fourth frequency band radiation branch and the fifth frequency band radiation branch are bent and connected and arranged at the corner of the substrate. One end of the fourth frequency band radiation branch is electrically connected to the circuit board, and one end of the second feeding branch is connected to the fifth frequency band radiation branch.

10. A communication device, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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