Full-automatic gordon euryale seed husking, separating and grading integrated device

Abstract

The invention provides a full-automatic gordon euryale seed husking, separating and grading integrated device, belongs to the field of agricultural product processing, and solves the problems that the existing gordon euryale seed husking efficiency is low, husks and kernels cannot be quickly and efficiently separated, and gordon euryale kernels cannot be quickly graded. Comprising a winnowing grading mechanism, a supporting frame, a material guiding mechanism and a plurality of material collecting boxes, a touch screen control box is fixed to the side portion of the supporting frame, a sorting mechanism, a husking mechanism and a plurality of shell screening mechanisms evenly distributed in the left-right direction are sequentially arranged on the supporting frame, a vibration material uniformizing mechanism is arranged on each shell screening mechanism, and a pneumatic color sorting mechanism is arranged above the material guiding mechanism. The vibration material uniformizing mechanism is located above the pneumatic color sorting mechanism, the winnowing grading mechanism comprises a plurality of air outlet air valves, the air outlet air valves are located below the discharging tail end of the material guiding mechanism, a plurality of material collecting boxes are located on the rear side of the discharging tail end of the material guiding mechanism, and the air outlet air valves are located on the material collecting boxes. According to the gordon euryale seed color sorting machine, sorting, husking, screening, material refining, color sorting, grading and dust removing work can be automatically conducted on gordon euryale seeds in the whole process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and relates to a gorgon fruit shelling and processing device, in particular to a full-automatic gorgon fruit shelling, separation and grading integrated device. Background Art

[0002] As the mature kernel of the aquatic plant Euryale ferox (Gorgon fruit), belonging to the Nymphaeaceae family, Gorgon fruit has both medicinal and edible properties, and is widely used in health tonics and traditional Chinese medicine, with profound significance in empowering the unique agricultural economy of waterside villages. However, due to its hard shell and uneven particle size, shelling has become a core obstacle to industrial upgrading. Traditional mechanical shelling lacks particle grading, and large particles occupy space, leaving insufficient openings for smaller particles. This results in poor shell-kernel separation during extrusion, while parameters adapted to small particles can damage large kernels.

[0003] Manual shelling relies on specialized pliers, which is labor-intensive, inefficient, and leads to high labor costs. Furthermore, manual operation easily introduces impurities, making it difficult to ensure the cleanliness of the gorgon fruit. Currently, the commonly used squeeze rollers for shelling gorgon fruit lack standardized regulation, resulting in poor quality and kernel integrity.

[0004] Furthermore, existing processes often involve separate steps for sorting, shelling, and separating the shell from the kernel. This process can easily lead to material contamination, and without real-time visual monitoring, precise control of processing quality is difficult. These issues severely hinder the scale-up of the gorgon fruit industry, necessitating the development of a comprehensive gorgon fruit shelling machine.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading water chestnuts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology and propose a fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading water chestnuts. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to achieve full-process automation and integration of water chestnut sorting, shelling, screening, material mixing, color sorting, grading and dust removal.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading water chestnuts, comprising an air separation and grading mechanism, a support frame, a material guiding mechanism located below the support frame, and several aggregate boxes. A touch screen control box is fixed to the side of the support frame. A sorting mechanism, a shelling mechanism, and several sieve shell mechanisms evenly distributed in the left and right directions are arranged on the support frame from top to bottom. Each sieve shell mechanism is provided with a vibrating material mixing mechanism. A pneumatic color sorting mechanism is provided above the material guiding mechanism. The vibrating material mixing mechanism is located above the pneumatic color sorting mechanism. The air separation and grading mechanism includes several air outlet valves, which are located below the discharging end of the material guiding mechanism. Several aggregate boxes are located on the rear side of the discharging end of the material guiding mechanism, and the air outlet valves are located in the aggregate box. A control system is provided inside the touch screen control box. The control system mainly includes an input module, a central processing unit, an output module and a touch display screen.

[0008] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: preliminary sorting and feeding: the shelled gorgon fruit to be processed first enters the sorting mechanism at the top for preliminary size sorting to prepare for subsequent uniform shelling; mechanical shelling: the gorgon fruit after preliminary sorting falls into the shelling mechanism respectively, and the hard gorgon fruit shell is broken into two by mechanical action, so that the shell and the kernel are separated to form a mixture; preliminary separation and homogenization of shell and kernel: the shell-kernel mixture after shelling falls onto the sieve shell mechanism, the large shell is directly discharged, and the mixture of small kernels, broken shells and broken kernels leaks down and enters the vibrating homogenizing mechanism to achieve preliminary separation. At the same time, the vibrating homogenizing mechanism works to evenly flatten the mixture to form a thin and uniform material layer, laying the foundation for subsequent efficient color sorting, and then vibrating and falling on the material guiding mechanism in turn; intelligent color sorting: the evenly flattened shell and kernel mixture enters the top of the pneumatic color sorting mechanism one by one, and the pneumatic color sorting mechanism scans each material and identifies the color difference between the shell and the kernel. After the shell is identified, the control system immediately instructs the corresponding nozzle to spray high-speed airflow to blow the shell away from the falling track, thereby realizing the precise separation of shell and kernel; wind classification and collection: the gorgon kernels after color sorting are transported to the end through the material guiding mechanism; below the discharge short point, the multiple air outlet valves of the air classification and grading mechanism blow the gorgon kernels of different weights and sizes to different distances according to the set wind force, and fall into the corresponding collection box, so as to realize collection by quality or size; the waste shells are transported to the end through the material guiding mechanism and fall into the designated collection box; the air classification and grading mechanism can absorb the tiny debris produced by the shelling mechanism and the shell screening mechanism under negative pressure, and collect and process them, and the shelling mechanism can be air-cooled when used; the input module accepts the electrical signal module of each mechanism, the central processing unit is used to process various information, the output module is the module that sends the working information of each mechanism, and the touch screen is used for manual setting of control and display of relevant data.

[0009] The sorting mechanism includes a sorting motor, a feed drum, a sorting roller, a flow control hopper and two hinged seats. The sorting roller is rotatably arranged on the top of the support frame. The sorting motor, the feed drum, the flow control hopper and the two hinged seats are all fixed on the top of the support frame, and the flow control hopper is located directly below the sorting roller. The feed drum is located on the left side of the sorting roller and is connected to the sorting roller. Spiral fins and two sorting partitions are fixed inside the sorting roller. The two sorting partitions divide the sorting roller into three separation chambers. The separation chamber is provided with sorting holes with an aperture increasing from left to right. The left rotating shaft of the sorting roller passes through and extends out of the feed drum. The output shaft of the sorting motor is transmission-connected to the left rotating shaft of the sorting roller. The two hinged seats are located on the rear side of the flow control hopper. A discharge arc plate is slidingly provided at the lower end of the flow control hopper. The width of the discharge arc plate is greater than the width of the discharge port of the flow control hopper. A discharge push rod is hinged between the discharge arc plate and the two hinged seats.

[0010] With the above structure, the sorting motor drives the rotating shaft of the sorting drum through the transmission parts, thereby driving the sorting drum and its internal spiral fins and two sorting partitions to rotate; feeding: the shelled water chestnuts to be processed enter the rotating sorting drum from the feeding drum; conveying and tumbling spiral fins play two key roles when the drum rotates: pushing the material entering the drum from the left feed end to the right; in the process of conveying, the material is continuously thrown and rolled so that each water chestnut has ample opportunities to contact the sorting drum; grading screening: the sorting drum is divided into three separation chambers by two sorting partitions, and the aperture of the sorting holes on each chamber increases from left to right; when the material moves from left to right, the smallest water chestnuts are screened out in the first chamber; the medium-sized water chestnuts are screened out in the first chamber. They are screened out in the second chamber; the largest-sized water chestnuts are transported to the rightmost end and fall down; the water chestnuts are initially divided into three grades according to their size; the water chestnuts of different sizes falling from the right end of the sorting drum fall together into the flow control hopper below and gather; the discharge arc plate is closed in the initial state, blocking the hopper discharge port, so that the material is temporarily gathered in the hopper, which plays a role of buffering and accumulation; when it is necessary to feed the shelling mechanism of the next level, the control system starts the two discharge push rods, the discharge push rods retract, and push or pull the discharge arc plate to slide at the lower end of the hopper through the hinge point, thereby opening or adjusting the opening and closing degree of the discharge port; this design realizes the precise control of the material flow, avoids excessive one-time discharge and clogging of subsequent equipment, and ensures that the shelling process is carried out evenly and efficiently.

[0011] The shelling mechanism includes a shelling box and a shelling motor. The shelling box and the shelling motor are fixed in the middle of the support frame. A material guide box is fixed on the upper end of the shelling box. The material guide box is located just below the flow control hopper. Two avoidance holes are provided on the upper rear end of the material guide box. The discharging push rod passes through the avoidance holes at the corresponding positions. Two shelling partitions are fixed inside the material guide box and the shelling box. The shelling partitions are respectively located just below the sorting partitions at the corresponding positions. The two shelling partitions divide the interior of the material guide box and the shelling box into three shelling chambers. The lower end of the material guide box is fixed with The side baffle is set at an angle, and the shelling box is provided with a shelling shaft for rotation inside. The left end of the shelling shaft is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the shelling motor. Three annular tool assemblies are provided on the shelling shaft, and the annular tool assemblies are respectively located inside the corresponding shelling chambers. The gap size between the lower end of the side baffle and the annular tool assembly is 1-2mm. Three fixed tool assemblies are provided inside the shelling box, and the fixed tool assemblies are respectively located inside the corresponding shelling chambers, and the fixed tool assembly is located directly in front of the corresponding annular tool assembly.

[0012] With the above structure, the output shaft of the shelling motor drives the left end of the shelling shaft to rotate, and the gorgon fruits of different sizes from the upper sorting mechanism are accurately fed into the corresponding three shelling chambers through the flow control hopper and the guide box, ensuring that each chamber processes materials of similar sizes; Guiding and limiting: ensuring that after the material enters the shelling chamber, it is guided and restricted by the inclined side baffles and gathered into the shelling working area, that is, the area between the circular tool assembly and the fixed tool assembly. The gap between the lower edge of the side baffle and the movable knife is 1-2mm, which prevents the gorgon fruits from falling from the other side, prevents blockage and controls the shelling force; Rotary shearing and extrusion shelling: The shelling motor drives the shelling The rotating shaft rotates at high speed, and the three annular tool assemblies installed on the rotating shaft rotate at high speed accordingly. After the water chestnut enters the narrow space between the moving knife and the static knife, it is subjected to multiple mechanical actions: shearing action: the annular tool assembly and the fixed tool assembly form relative motion, shearing the water chestnut shell like a cutter; the annular tool assembly and the fixed tool assembly cooperate to stably clamp, extrude and guide the material; rubbing and tearing action: the annular tool assembly and the fixed tool assembly cooperate to stably clamp, extrude and guide the material, producing a rubbing and tearing effect on the water chestnut, separating the shell and the kernel; shell and kernel separation and discharge: the shell and kernel mixture after breaking the shell is discharged downward through the bottom opening of the shelling box and enters the next level of the sieve shell mechanism for preliminary separation.

[0013] The annular tool assembly includes a sleeve shaft, which is fixed on the shelling shaft, a side fixing plate is fixed to one end of the sleeve shaft, and a side fixing plate is slidably provided on the other end of the sleeve shaft. Alternating annular tool blocks and annular blades are sequentially sleeved on the sleeve shaft, and the annular blade is located between two adjacent annular tool blocks. The annular tool block and the annular blade are located between two side fixing plates, and the two side fixing plates are fixedly connected to the annular tool block and the annular blade by a number of bolt pairs evenly distributed around the circumference. Annular arc grooves are provided on both sides of the annular tool block, and two adjacent annular arc grooves form a cutting annular through groove, and the annular blades protrude from the cutting annular through grooves at corresponding positions.

[0014] With the above structure, the sleeve rotates with the shelling shaft, thereby driving the annular tool assembly to rotate. The friction force on the surface of the rotating annular tool block and the concave-convex structure formed by the annular arc groove can grab, drive and position the water chestnut, so that it enters the working area where the cutting annular groove is located. The cutting annular groove stably guides the extrusion, rubbing and tearing of the water chestnut; protruding cutting edge shearing: the cutting edge of the annular blade protrudes from the cutting annular groove formed by the two annular arc grooves, and the water chestnut shell is cut by the cutting edge of the annular blade; bolts evenly distributed around the circumference pass through the two side fixing plates, and tightening the bolts generates a huge pre-tightening force, which presses all the alternatingly arranged annular tool blocks and annular blades in the middle into a rigid whole, ensuring the reliability of power transmission and preventing individual parts from moving.

[0015] The fixed tool assembly includes several fixed tool bevel blocks and fixed blades that are alternately distributed in sequence. The fixed blade is located between two adjacent fixed tool bevel blocks. The fixed tool bevel blocks can be detachably arranged inside the shelling box. The upper end surface of the fixed tool bevel block is inclined. The fixed tool bevel block and the fixed blade are fixedly connected by several bolt pairs. Fixed arc grooves are provided on both sides of the fixed tool bevel block. Two adjacent fixed arc grooves form a cutting fixed through groove. The fixed blades protrude from the cutting fixed through grooves at corresponding positions. The cutting fixed through groove is directly opposite to the cutting circular through groove.

[0016] With the above structure, the cutting fixed groove between the high-speed rotating annular tool assembly and the stationary fixed tool assembly is directly opposite to the cutting annular groove. When the water chestnut enters this place, it enters the shelling working area; diversion and pre-extrusion: the inclined upper end surface of the fixed tool bevel cooperates with the side baffle to divert the flow and guide it between the cutting fixed groove and the cutting annular groove; precise shearing: the cutting edge of the fixed blade protrudes from the cutting fixed groove formed by the two fixed arc grooves; at the same time, the annular blade on the rotating movable knife assembly also protrudes from its cutting annular groove. Since the two grooves are directly opposite, when the movable knife rotates, its protruding cutting edge will intersect and move relative to the protruding cutting edge of the stationary fixed blade, efficiently breaking the shell; the cutting fixed groove and the cutting annular groove cooperate with each other to mainly guide the extrusion, rubbing and tearing of the water chestnut; and the fixed blade and the annular blade cooperate with each other to be responsible for the main shearing. This "extrusion + shearing" combination mode improves the shelling efficiency and integrity.

[0017] The sieve shell mechanism includes a base frame and a sieve shell bucket with a low front and a high rear and an inclined arrangement. The base frame is fixed at the lower position of the support frame. Several vibration spring connecting rods are provided between the base frame and the sieve shell bucket. A sieve shell motor is fixed to the upper end of the base frame. An eccentric protrusion is provided for rotating the side of the sieve shell bucket. The rotating shaft of the eccentric protrusion is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the sieve shell motor. A mounting frame is fixed to the front side of the base frame. The interior of the sieve shell bucket is detachably provided with a sieve shell hole plate arranged parallel to it. The length of the sieve shell hole plate is longer than that of the sieve shell bucket.

[0018] With the above structure, the shell and kernel mixture discharged from the upper shelling mechanism falls directly onto the sieve shell hole plate in the sieve shell bucket which is low in front and high in the back and inclined; the sieve shell motor starts to drive the eccentric protrusion to rotate, and the eccentric protrusion will generate periodic and uneven centrifugal force during the rotation process; the exciting force generated by the eccentric protrusion is transmitted to the sieve shell bucket, and the sieve shell bucket is connected to the fixed base frame through several vibration spring connecting rods. The function of the spring connecting rod is to: allow vibration: allow the screen shell bucket to vibrate freely within a limited range, amplify the vibration effect: cooperate with the eccentric wheel to form an effective vibration screening mode; buffer and absorb shock, reduce the vibration transmitted to the frame, and ensure the stability of the whole machine; under the action of continuous vibration, broken shells, fine chips, powder and water chestnut kernels that are smaller than the aperture of the screen shell plate will quickly pass through the plate under the action of gravity and vibration and enter the next process; larger shell pieces cannot pass through the plate, and under the combined action of vibration and the inclination angle of the bucket body, they move to the lower part along the inclined screen surface and are finally discharged from the screen shell bucket to be collected or discharged; vibration not only drives the material to move, but more importantly, it can prevent the screen hole from being blocked and make the material layer loose, so that the fine material has more opportunities to contact the screen hole, thereby significantly improving the screening efficiency and effect.

[0019] The vibrating material mixing mechanism includes a material mixing hopper with a high front and a low rear and an inclined arrangement, and four bases, the four bases are fixed to the upper end of the mounting frame, a number of vibration spring connecting rods 2 are provided between the material mixing hopper and the four bases, vibration motors are fixed on the left and right sides of the material mixing hopper, a material baffle plate is fixed on the front side of the upper end of the material mixing hopper, and the discharge end of the sieve shell hopper is located below the material baffle plate and on the rear side of the material baffle plate.

[0020] With the above structure, shelled material falling from the discharge end of the sieve hopper onto the leveling hopper may bounce upward, but a baffle prevents splashing and initially disperses the material. Two vibrating motors mounted on either side of the leveling hopper rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The excitation forces they generate add to each other in a direction parallel to the trough and cancel each other out in a direction perpendicular to the trough, creating a powerful directional linear vibration force. Under the action of this directional vibration, the material in the leveling hopper does not simply bounce, but instead continuously jumps forward and downward (i.e., toward the outlet) along the inclined bottom of the hopper, which is higher in front and lower in the back. During this conveying process, vibration plays a key role in leveling the material: it overcomes accumulation by causing the material to "boil," effectively breaking up any accumulation or arching, and naturally spreading the material into a thin, even layer. Ultimately, the material, formed into an ideal single layer by vibration, is smoothly and evenly discharged from the leveling hopper's discharge port and accurately lands within the material guide mechanism directly below, creating optimal conditions for high-precision color sorting.

[0021] The material guiding mechanism includes a conveyor crawler machine, and a closing bucket with a three-way groove arranged tilted with the front higher and the rear lower is fixed on the upper end of the frame of the conveyor crawler machine. The closing bucket is located just below the discharge end of the material hopper, and a drop bucket is provided at the end of the closing bucket.

[0022] With the above structure, the front-end closing hopper has an opening located just below the discharge end of the vibrating material leveling mechanism, which is used to accurately receive a mixture of broken shells, fine chips, powder and water chestnut kernels that have been leveled to form a uniform single-layer material flow. The fine chips and powder are extracted by the air separation and grading mechanism; the closing hopper is designed to be a three-way trough with a high front and a low back. The three troughs can effectively gather and converge the wide material flow falling from the entire width of the leveling hopper, and guide them to flow to the drop hopper at the end, ensuring that the material will not be scattered during transportation; the material falls from the drop hopper at the end of the closing hopper and falls onto the belt of the conveyor crawler. The conveyor crawler runs at a constant speed, and transports the materials horizontally backward one by one in a stable and continuous manner, providing a stable and reliable material flow for the next stage of pneumatic color sorting and air separation and grading.

[0023] The pneumatic color sorting mechanism includes a rack and an air pump. The rack is fixed to the upper end of the frame of the conveyor crawler machine. Three industrial vision cameras are fixed to the upper end of the rack. Three material guide channel plates are fixed to the lower end of the rack. The industrial vision cameras are facing the material guide channel plates. The material guide channel plates are connected to the ends of the corresponding drop hoppers. A waste shell channel is formed between two adjacent material guide channel plates. Closing plates are fixed to the right side end of the left material guide channel plate, the left and right side ends of the middle material guide channel plate, and the right side end of the right material guide channel plate. A waste closing channel is formed between the two adjacent closing plates. The waste closing channel is located in the waste shell channel At the end of the three material guide channel plates, a fixing bracket is fixed on the upper end of the three material guide channel plates, and the fixing bracket is located at the rear side of the industrial vision camera. Three high-speed air valves are fixed on the upper end of the fixing bracket. The air inlet end of the high-speed air valve is connected to the air pump through a pipe, and the air outlet end of the high-speed air valve is provided with a U-shaped jet pipe. The right sides of the left and middle material guide channel plates and the left side of the right material guide channel plate are provided with screening notches, and the screening notch is located below the fixing bracket. The air outlet end of the U-shaped jet pipe is opposite to the screening notch and opposite to the waste shell channel. The collection boxes are respectively located at the rear side of the end of the material guide channel plate and the waste collection channel, and there are two collection boxes located on the material guide channel plate.

[0024] With the above structure, the material (a mixture of crushed shells and kernels) conveyed from the material guide mechanism enters the inner part of the material guide channel plate through the drop hopper, and the material guide mechanism continues to convey, forming a continuous and clear free-fall material flow; when the material flow passes through the detection area, the three industrial vision cameras directly above will take high-speed and continuous pictures, and the built-in light source of the camera provides uniform and stable lighting; the powerful image processing algorithm will analyze each frame of the image in real time, and accurately identify each material as "shell" or "kernel" based on color, shape, texture and other characteristics; once the system identifies a material as a "shell" (unqualified product), it will immediately transmit it to the central processing The device calculates the position where it has reached the screening gap and sends an electrical signal to the corresponding high-speed air valve. The air pump provides the high-speed air valve with the high-pressure, dry and clean compressed air required for color sorting. After receiving the electrical signal, the high-speed air valve opens instantly within milliseconds, and compressed air is ejected at high speed from the nozzle of the U-shaped air jet pipe. The jet airflow hits the passing "shells" and blows them away from the original material guide channel plate, into the adjacent waste shell channel, and falls into the corresponding collection box at the rear. The "kernels" (qualified products) that have not been blown continue to fall along the original track and eventually fall into the corresponding collection box at the rear, thus achieving the ultimate high-precision separation of shells and kernels.

[0025] The air separation and grading mechanism also includes a dust collecting box, which is located on the side of the material guiding mechanism. An air suction hopper is provided at the upper end of the dust collecting box, and an air guide pipe is provided between the air suction hopper, the material guiding box and the sieve shell bucket. A filter is fixed inside the dust collecting box, and an exhaust pipe is provided at the lower end of the dust collecting box. The exhaust pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the fan, and the air outlet valve is located at the rear end of the material guiding channel plate. The air inlet end of the air outlet valve is provided with a connecting elbow, and the connecting elbows are respectively connected to the air outlet end of the fan.

[0026] With the above structure, after the fan is started, its air inlet end draws air from the dust collection box through the exhaust pipe, thereby forming a continuous negative pressure in the entire dust collection box and the pipes connected to it; due to the negative pressure, the dust at the workstation where dust is generated during the processing will be sucked into the system through the air guide pipe; after the dust-laden air enters the dust collection box, it first passes through the filter screen, which intercepts the dust particles and causes them to adhere to the filter surface; the clean air after filtration is sucked into the fan and finally discharged from the fan outlet; the high-speed clean airflow generated by the air outlet of the fan is transported to each air outlet valve through the connecting elbow; each air outlet valve can independently adjust its air volume and wind speed, thereby controlling the airflow intensity blowing to the material; the gorgon fruit kernels after color sorting fall freely from the end of the material guide channel plate. During this process, kernels of different weights will be affected by the combined effects of gravity and wind: heavy / full kernels: have a large weight and inertia, are less affected by wind, and have a basically vertical falling trajectory, falling into the nearest collection box (considered as first-class products); kernels of smaller weight: are blown a certain distance by the wind and then fall into a distant collection box (considered as second-class products).

[0027] Compared with the existing technology, this fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading water chestnuts has the following advantages: This system automates and integrates the entire process from raw materials to finished product; it seamlessly connects previously independent processes into a single system. Centralized scheduling via a central touchscreen control panel allows for automated material flow, significantly reducing losses and contamination from manual intervention and material transfers. This significantly improves production efficiency and continuity, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

[0028] The intelligent color sorting system, composed of industrial vision cameras and high-speed air valves, can simulate and exceed the resolution ability of the human eye, identifying shells and kernels at millisecond speeds and accurately separating them by spraying, greatly improving sorting accuracy and the purity of finished products; the combination of front-end drum grading and rear-end wind grading realizes two-step fine grading of raw materials and finished products, improving the overall quality and market value of the products.

[0029] A single fan powers both the negative pressure dust removal system and the positive pressure air separation system, resulting in a compact structure and reduced energy consumption. The dust removal system ensures a clean working environment and meets environmental protection requirements.

[0030] Key components such as shelling knives and screens are modular and quickly disassembled. There is no need to replace the entire component after wear. The maintenance cost is low and the operation is simple, ensuring the long-term stable operation efficiency and economic benefits of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the rear three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sorting mechanism and the shelling mechanism in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the sorting mechanism and the shelling mechanism in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the sorting mechanism in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cutaway structure of the shelling mechanism of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of some components of the shelling mechanism in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sieve shell mechanism in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of the vibration material mixing mechanism in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material guiding mechanism and the pneumatic color sorting mechanism in the present invention.

[0041] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A in the middle.

[0042] Figure 12 It is a structural diagram of the winnowing and grading mechanism of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure, 1. touch screen control box; 2. support frame; 3. vibration material leveling mechanism; 4. sieve shell mechanism; 5. shelling mechanism; 6. sorting mechanism; 7. material guide mechanism; 8. pneumatic color sorting mechanism; 9. material collecting box; 10. air separation and grading mechanism; 11. hinge seat; 12. sorting motor; 13. feeding cylinder; 14. sorting drum; 15. flow control hopper; 16. material guide box; 17. discharge push rod; 18. shelling box; 19. shelling motor; 20. shelling shaft; 21. avoidance hole; 22. sorting partition; 23. discharge arc plate; 24. annular tool assembly; 25. fixed tool assembly; 26. shelling partition; 27. spiral fin; 28. side baffle; 29. ​​fixed tool bevel block; 30. fixed blade; 31. fixed arc groove; 32. side fixing plate; 33. Sleeve shaft; 34. Circular cutter block; 35. Circular blade; 36. Circular arc groove; 37. Base frame; 38. Vibration spring connecting rod 1; 39. Screen shell bucket; 40. Screen shell hole plate; 41. Mounting frame; 42. Eccentric protrusion; 43. Screen shell motor; 44. Base; 45. Vibration spring connecting rod 2; 46. Vibration motor; 47. Material leveling hopper; 48. Material baffle; 49. Conveyor crawler; 50. Closing hopper; 51. Dropping hopper; 52. Material guide channel plate; 53. Storage rack; 54. Industrial vision camera; 55. Fixing frame; 56. Closing plate; 57. High-speed air valve; 58. U-shaped jet pipe; 59. Screening notch; 60. Exhaust hopper; 61. Dust collection box; 62. Exhaust pipe; 63. Fan; 64. Connecting elbow; 65. Exhaust valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0045] like Figures 1-12 As shown, the fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading water chestnuts comprises an air separation and grading mechanism 10, a support frame 2, a material guiding mechanism 7 located below the support frame 2, and several aggregate boxes 9. A touch screen control box 1 is fixed to the side of the support frame 2. A sorting mechanism 6, a shelling mechanism 5 and several sieve shell mechanisms 4 evenly distributed in the left and right directions are arranged on the support frame 2 from top to bottom. A vibrating material mixing mechanism 3 is provided on the sieve shell mechanism 4. A pneumatic color sorting mechanism 8 is provided above the material guiding mechanism 7. The vibrating material mixing mechanism 3 is located above the pneumatic color sorting mechanism 8. The air separation and grading mechanism 10 comprises several air outlet valves 65, which are located below the discharging end of the material guiding mechanism 7. Several aggregate boxes 9 are located on the rear side of the discharging end of the material guiding mechanism 7, and the air outlet valve 65 is located in the aggregate box 9. A control system is provided inside the touch screen control box 1. The control system mainly comprises an input module, a central processing unit, an output module and a touch display screen.

[0046] Preliminary sorting and feeding: The shelled gorgon fruit to be processed first enters the sorting mechanism 10 at the top for preliminary size sorting to prepare for subsequent uniform shelling; Mechanical shelling: The gorgon fruit after preliminary sorting falls into the shelling mechanism 5 respectively, and the hard gorgon fruit shell is broken into two by mechanical action, so that the shell and the kernel are separated to form a mixture; Preliminary separation and leveling of shell and kernel: The shell-kernel mixture after shelling falls onto the sieve shell mechanism 4, the large shell is directly discharged, and the mixture of small kernel, broken shell and broken kernel leaks down and enters the vibrating leveling mechanism 3 to achieve preliminary separation. At the same time, the vibrating leveling mechanism 3 works to evenly flatten the mixture to form a thin and uniform material layer, laying the foundation for subsequent efficient color sorting, and then vibrating and falling on the material guiding mechanism 7 in turn; Intelligent color sorting: The evenly flattened shell and kernel mixture enters the pneumatic color sorting mechanism 8 one by one. The pneumatic color sorting mechanism 8 scans each material, identifies the color difference between the shell and the kernel, and identifies the After the shell is removed, the control system immediately instructs the corresponding nozzle to spray out high-speed airflow to blow the shell away from the falling track, thereby realizing the precise separation of shell and kernel; wind classification and collection: the gorgon kernel after color sorting is transported to the end through the material guiding mechanism 7; below the discharge short point, the multiple air outlet valves of the air classification and grading mechanism 10 blow the gorgon kernels of different weights and sizes to different distances according to the set wind force, and fall into the corresponding collection box 9, so as to realize collection by quality or size; the waste shell is transported to the end through the material guiding mechanism 7 and falls into the designated collection box 9; the air classification and grading mechanism 10 can absorb the tiny debris produced by the shelling mechanism 5 and the shell screening mechanism 4 under negative pressure, and collect and process it, and the shelling mechanism 5 can be air-cooled when used; the input module accepts the electrical signal module of each mechanism, the central processing unit is used to process each information, the output module is a module that sends the working information of each mechanism, and the touch screen is used to manually set the control and display relevant data.

[0047] The sorting mechanism 6 includes a sorting motor 12, a feed cylinder 13, a sorting drum 14, a flow control hopper 15 and two hinged seats 11. The sorting drum 14 is rotatably arranged on the top of the support frame 2. The sorting motor 12, the feed cylinder 13, the flow control hopper 15 and the two hinged seats 11 are all fixed on the top of the support frame 2, and the flow control hopper 15 is located directly below the sorting drum 14. The feed cylinder 13 is located on the left side of the sorting drum 14 and is connected to the sorting drum 14. The interior of the sorting drum 14 is fixed with spiral fins 27 and two sorting partitions 22. The two sorting partitions 22 divides the sorting drum 14 into three separation chambers, and the separation chambers are provided with sorting holes with apertures increasing from left to right. The left rotating shaft of the sorting drum 14 passes through and extends out of the feed barrel 13. The output shaft of the sorting motor 12 is transmission-connected to the left rotating shaft of the sorting drum 14. The two hinge seats 11 are located on the rear side of the flow control hopper 15. The lower end of the flow control hopper 15 is slidingly provided with a discharge arc plate 23. The width of the discharge arc plate 23 is greater than the width of the discharge port of the flow control hopper 15. A discharge push rod 17 is hinged between the discharge arc plate 23 and the two hinge seats 11.

[0048] The sorting motor 12 drives the rotating shaft of the sorting drum 14 to rotate through the transmission parts, thereby driving the sorting drum 14 and its internal spiral fins 27 and two sorting partitions 22 to rotate; feeding: the shelled water chestnuts to be processed enter the rotating sorting drum 14 from the feeding drum 13; the conveying and tumbling spiral fins 27 play two key roles when the drum rotates: pushing the material entering the drum from the left side (feeding end) to the right side; in the process of conveying, the material is continuously thrown up and rolled so that each water chestnut has ample opportunities to contact the sorting drum 14; graded screening: the sorting drum 14 is divided into three separation chambers by two sorting partitions 22, and the aperture of the sorting holes on each chamber increases from left to right; when the material moves from left to right, the smallest water chestnuts are screened out in the first chamber; the medium-sized ones are screened out in the first chamber. The water chestnuts are screened out in the second chamber; the water chestnuts of the largest size are transported to the rightmost end and fall down; the water chestnuts are preliminarily divided into three grades according to their size; the water chestnuts of different sizes falling from the right end of the sorting drum 14 fall together into the flow control hopper 15 below; the discharge arc plate 23 is closed in the initial state, blocking the hopper discharge port, so that the material is temporarily gathered in the hopper, which plays a role of buffering and accumulation; when it is necessary to feed the shelling mechanism 5 of the next level, the control system starts the two discharge push rods 17, the discharge push rods 17 shrink, and push or pull the discharge arc plate 23 to slide at the lower end of the hopper through the hinge point, thereby opening or adjusting the opening and closing degree of the discharge port; this design realizes the precise control of the material flow, avoids excessive one-time discharge and clogging of subsequent equipment, and ensures that the shelling process is carried out evenly and efficiently.

[0049] The shelling mechanism 5 includes a shelling box 18 and a shelling motor 19. The shelling box 18 and the shelling motor 19 are both fixed in the middle of the support frame 2. The upper end of the shelling box 18 is fixed with a guide box 16. The guide box 16 is located directly below the flow control hopper 15. Two avoidance holes 21 are provided at the upper end of the rear side of the guide box 16. The discharge push rod 17 passes through the avoidance holes 21 at the corresponding positions. Two shelling partitions 26 are fixed inside the guide box 16 and the shelling box 18. The shelling partitions 26 are respectively located directly below the sorting partitions 22 at the corresponding positions. The two shelling partitions 26 divide the interior of the guide box 16 and the shelling box 18 into three shelling chambers. The guide box 16 The lower end of the shelling box 18 is fixed with an inclined side baffle 28, and the shelling shaft 20 is provided inside the shelling box 18. The left end of the shelling shaft 20 is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the shelling motor 19, and three annular tool assemblies 24 are provided on the shelling shaft 20. The annular tool assemblies 24 are respectively located inside the corresponding shelling chambers. The gap size between the lower end of the side baffle 28 and the annular tool assembly 24 is 1-2mm. The interior of the shelling box 18 is provided with three fixed tool assemblies 25, which are respectively located inside the corresponding shelling chambers, and the fixed tool assembly 25 is located directly in front of the corresponding annular tool assembly 24.

[0050] The output shaft of the shelling motor 19 drives the left end of the shelling shaft 20 to rotate, and the gorgon fruits of different sizes from the upper sorting mechanism 6 are accurately fed into the corresponding three shelling chambers through the flow control hopper 15 and the guide box 16, ensuring that each chamber processes materials of similar sizes; Guiding and limiting: ensuring that after the material enters the shelling chamber, it is guided and restricted by the inclined side baffles 28 and is gathered in the shelling working area, that is, the area between the annular tool assembly 24 (moving knife) and the fixed tool assembly 25 (stationary knife). The 1-2mm gap between the lower edge of the side baffle 28 and the moving knife prevents the gorgon fruits from falling from the other side, prevents blockage and controls the shelling force; Rotary shearing and extrusion shelling: The shelling motor 19 drives the shelling shaft 20 to rotate at high speed, and the three annular tool assemblies 24 installed on the shaft As it rotates at high speed, the water chestnut enters the narrow space between the moving knife and the static knife; it is subjected to multiple mechanical actions: shearing action: the annular tool assembly 24 (moving knife) and the fixed tool assembly 25 (static knife) form relative motion, shearing the water chestnut shell like a cutter; the annular tool assembly 24 and the fixed tool assembly 25 cooperate to stably clamp, extrude and guide the material; rubbing and tearing action: the annular tool assembly 24 and the fixed tool assembly 25 cooperate to stably clamp, extrude and guide the material, rubbing and tearing the water chestnut to separate the shell and kernel; shell and kernel separation and discharge: the shell and kernel mixture after breaking the shell is discharged downward through the bottom opening of the shelling box 18, and enters the next level of the screen shell mechanism 4 for preliminary separation.

[0051] The annular tool assembly 24 includes a sleeve shaft 33, which is fixed to the shelling shaft 20, and a side fixing plate 32 is fixed to one end of the sleeve shaft 33, and the side fixing plate 32 is slidably provided on the other end of the sleeve shaft 33. Alternating annular tool blocks 34 and annular blades 35 are sequentially sleeved on the sleeve shaft 33, and the annular blade 35 is located between two adjacent annular tool blocks 34. The annular tool block 34 and the annular blade 35 are located between the two side fixing plates 32, and the two side fixing plates 32 are fixedly connected to the annular tool block 34 and the annular blade 35 by a number of bolt pairs evenly distributed around the circumference. Annular arc grooves 36 are provided on both sides of the annular tool block 34, and two adjacent annular arc grooves 36 form a cutting annular groove, and the annular blades 35 protrude from the cutting annular grooves at corresponding positions.

[0052] The sleeve shaft 33 rotates with the shelling shaft 20, thereby driving the annular tool assembly 24 to rotate. The friction on the surface of the rotating annular tool block 34 and the concave-convex structure formed by the annular arc groove 36 can grab, drive and position the water chestnut, so that it enters the working area where the cutting annular groove is located. The cutting annular groove stably guides the extrusion, rubbing and tearing of the water chestnut; protruding cutting edge shearing: the cutting edge of the annular blade 35 protrudes from the cutting annular groove formed by the two annular arc grooves, and the water chestnut shell is cut by the cutting edge of the annular blade 35; bolts evenly distributed around the circumference pass through the two side fixing plates, and tightening the bolts generates a huge pre-tightening force, which presses all the alternating annular tool blocks and annular blades in the middle into a rigid whole, ensuring the reliability of power transmission and preventing individual parts from moving.

[0053] The fixed tool assembly 25 includes a plurality of fixed tool bevel blocks 29 and fixed blades 30 that are alternately distributed in sequence. The fixed blade 30 is located between two adjacent fixed tool bevel blocks 29. The fixed tool bevel blocks 29 can be detachably arranged inside the shelling box 18. The upper end surface of the fixed tool bevel block 29 is inclined, and the fixed tool bevel block 29 and the fixed blade 30 are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolt pairs. Fixed arc grooves 31 are provided on both sides of the fixed tool bevel block 29. Two adjacent fixed arc grooves 31 form a cutting fixed through groove. The fixed blades 30 protrude from the cutting fixed through grooves at the corresponding positions, and the cutting fixed through grooves are opposite to the cutting circular through grooves.

[0054] The cutting fixed groove between the high-speed rotating annular tool assembly 24 and the stationary fixed tool assembly 25 is opposite to the cutting annular groove. When the water chestnut enters this place, it enters the shelling work area; diversion and pre-extrusion: the inclined upper end surface of the fixed tool bevel block 29 cooperates with the side baffle 28 to divert the water and guide it between the cutting fixed groove and the cutting annular groove; precise shearing: the cutting edge of the fixed blade 30 protrudes from the cutting fixed groove formed by the two fixed arc grooves; at the same time, the annular blade 35 on the rotating movable knife assembly also protrudes from its cutting annular groove. Since the two grooves are opposite, when the movable knife rotates, its protruding cutting edge will intersect and move relative to the protruding cutting edge of the stationary blade, efficiently breaking the shell; the cutting fixed groove and the cutting annular groove cooperate with each other to mainly guide the extrusion, rubbing and tearing of the water chestnut; and the fixed blade 30 and the annular blade 35 cooperate with each other to be responsible for the main shearing. This "extrusion + shearing" combination mode improves the shelling efficiency and integrity.

[0055] The sieve shell mechanism 4 includes a base frame 37 and a sieve shell bucket 39 with a low front and high rear angled arrangement. The base frame 37 is fixed at the lower position of the support frame 2. A number of vibration spring connecting rods 38 are provided between the base frame 37 and the sieve shell bucket 39. A sieve shell motor 43 is fixed to the upper end of the base frame 37. An eccentric protrusion 42 is provided for rotating the side of the sieve shell bucket 39. The rotating shaft of the eccentric protrusion 42 is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the sieve shell motor 43. A mounting frame 41 is fixed to the front side of the base frame 37. The interior of the sieve shell bucket 39 is detachably provided with a sieve shell hole plate 40 arranged parallel to it. The length of the sieve shell hole plate 40 is longer than that of the sieve shell bucket 39.

[0056] The shell and kernel mixture discharged from the shelling mechanism 5 above falls directly onto the sieve shell perforated plate 40 in the sieve shell bucket 39, which is set low in the front and high in the back and tilted; the sieve shell motor 43 is started to drive the eccentric protrusion 42 to rotate. The eccentric protrusion will generate periodic and uneven centrifugal force during the rotation process; the exciting force generated by the eccentric protrusion is transmitted to the sieve shell bucket 39, and the sieve shell bucket 39 is connected to the fixed base frame 37 through several vibration spring connecting rods 38. The functions of the spring connecting rod are as follows: allowing vibration: allowing the screen shell bucket to vibrate freely within a limited range, amplifying the vibration effect; cooperating with the eccentric wheel to form an effective vibration screening mode (such as circular vibration or linear vibration); buffering and shock absorption, reducing the vibration transmitted to the frame, and ensuring the stability of the whole machine; under the action of continuous vibration, broken shells, fine chips, powder and gorgon kernels smaller than the aperture of the screen shell perforated plate 40 are quickly discharged through the perforated plate under the action of gravity and vibration and enter the next process (color sorting); larger shell pieces cannot pass through the perforated plate, and under the combined action of vibration and the inclination angle of the bucket body, move along the inclined screen surface to the lower part (front end) and finally discharge from the screen shell bucket 39 to be collected or discharged; vibration not only drives the material movement, but more importantly, it prevents the screen holes from being blocked and loosens the material layer, giving the fine materials more opportunities to contact the screen holes, thereby significantly improving the screening efficiency and effect.

[0057] The vibrating material mixing mechanism 3 includes a material mixing hopper 47 and four bases 44 which are arranged at an angle with the front higher and the rear lower. The four bases 44 are fixed to the upper end of the mounting frame 41. A number of vibration spring connecting rods 45 are provided between the material mixing hopper 47 and the four bases 44. Vibrating motors 46 are fixed on the left and right sides of the material mixing hopper 47. A material baffle plate 48 is fixed on the front side of the upper end of the material mixing hopper 47. The discharge end of the sieve shell hopper 39 is located below the material baffle plate 48 and on the rear side of the material baffle plate 48.

[0058] The shelled material falling from the discharge end of the sieve hopper 39 lands on the leveling hopper 47 and may rebound upward. The material baffle 48 prevents any rebound and splashing, and initially disperses the material. Two vibration motors 46 mounted on either side of the leveling hopper 47 rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The excitation forces they generate add to each other in a direction parallel to the material trough, but cancel each other out in a direction perpendicular to the trough, creating a powerful directional linear vibration force. Under the action of this directional vibration force, the material in the leveling hopper 47 does not simply bounce, but instead continuously jumps forward and downward (i.e., toward the outlet) along the inclined bottom of the hopper, which is higher in front and lower in the back. During this conveying process, vibration plays a key role in leveling the material: it overcomes accumulation and causes the material to "boil," effectively breaking up any accumulation or arching, naturally spreading the material into a thin, uniform layer. Ultimately, the material, formed into an ideal single-layer flow by vibration, is smoothly and evenly discharged from the discharge port of the leveling hopper 47 and accurately falls into the material guide mechanism 7 directly below, creating optimal conditions for high-precision color sorting.

[0059] The material guiding mechanism 7 includes a conveyor crawler 49, and a closing bucket 50 with a three-way groove arranged tilted with the front higher and the rear lower is fixed on the upper end of the frame of the conveyor crawler 49. The closing bucket 50 is located just below the discharge end of the material hopper 47, and a drop hopper 51 is provided at the end of the closing bucket 50.

[0060] The front-end closing bucket 50 has an opening just below the discharge end of the vibrating material leveling mechanism 3, and is used to accurately receive a mixture of broken shells, fine chips, powder and water chestnut kernels that have been leveled to form a uniform single-layer material flow. The fine chips and powder are sucked away by the air separation and grading mechanism 10; the closing bucket is designed to be a three-way trough with a high front and a low back. The three grooves can effectively gather and converge the wide material flow falling from the entire width of the leveling hopper, and guide them to flow to the drop hopper 51 at the end, ensuring that the material will not be scattered during transportation; the material falls from the drop hopper at the end of the closing bucket and falls on the belt of the conveyor crawler 49. The conveyor crawler 49 runs at a constant speed, and transports the materials horizontally backward one by one smoothly and continuously, providing a stable and reliable material flow for the next stage of pneumatic color sorting and air separation grading.

[0061] The pneumatic color sorting mechanism 8 includes a rack 53 and an air pump. The rack 53 is fixed to the upper end of the frame of the conveyor crawler 49. Three industrial vision cameras 54 are fixed to the upper end of the rack 53. Three material guide channel plates 52 are fixed to the lower end of the rack 53. The industrial vision cameras 54 are directly opposite to the material guide channel plates 52. The material guide channel plates 52 are connected to the end of the corresponding drop hopper 51. A waste shell channel is formed between the two adjacent material guide channel plates 52. The right side end of the left material guide channel plate 52, the left and right side ends of the middle material guide channel plate 52, and the right side end of the right material guide channel plate 52 are all fixed with closing plates 56. A waste closing channel is formed between the two adjacent closing plates 56. The waste closing channel is located at the end of the waste shell channel. At the end, a fixing frame 55 is fixed to the upper end of the three material guide channel plates 52, and the fixing frame 55 is located at the rear side of the industrial vision camera 54. Three high-speed air valves 57 are fixed to the upper end of the fixing frame 55. The air inlet end of the high-speed air valve 57 is connected to the air pump through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the high-speed air valve 57 is provided with a U-shaped injection pipe 58. The right sides of the left and middle material guide channel plates 52 and the left side of the right material guide channel plate 52 are provided with screening notches 59, and the screening notch 59 is located below the fixing frame 55. The air outlet end of the U-shaped injection pipe 58 is opposite to the screening notch 59 and opposite to the waste shell channel. The collection box 9 is respectively located at the rear side of the end of the material guide channel plate 52 and the waste collection channel, and the number of the collection boxes 9 located at the material guide channel plate 52 is two.

[0062] The material (a mixture of crushed shells and kernels) conveyed from the material guide mechanism 7 passes through the hopper 51 and enters the interior of the material guide channel plate 52. The material guide mechanism 7 continues to convey the material, forming a continuous, clear free-falling material flow. As the material flow passes through the inspection area, three industrial vision cameras 54 directly above it take high-speed, continuous photos, with the camera's built-in light source providing uniform and stable illumination. Powerful image processing algorithms analyze each frame in real time, accurately identifying each material as a "shell" or "kernel" based on characteristics such as color, shape, and texture. Once the system identifies a material as a "shell" (a defective product), it is immediately transmitted to the central processing unit, where its position at the screening gap 59 is calculated and an electrical signal is sent to the corresponding high-speed air valve 57. The air pump provides the high-pressure, dry, and clean compressed air required for color sorting to the high-speed air valve 57. Upon receiving the electrical signal, the high-speed air valve 57 opens instantly within milliseconds, and compressed air is ejected at high speed from the nozzle of the U-shaped air nozzle 58. The jet of air precisely hits the passing "shell" and blows it away from the original material guide channel plate 52. , enter the waste shell channel next to it, and fall into the corresponding collection box 9 at the rear; the "kernels" (qualified products) that have not been blown continue to fall along the original track and eventually fall into the corresponding collection box 9 at the rear; the final high-precision separation of shells and kernels is achieved.

[0063] The air separation and grading mechanism 10 also includes a dust box 61, which is located on the side of the material guiding mechanism 7. An air suction hopper 60 is provided at the upper end of the dust box 61, and an air guide pipe is provided between the air suction hopper 60 and the material guiding box 16 and the sieve shell hopper 39. A filter is fixed inside the dust box 61, and an exhaust pipe 62 is provided at the lower end of the dust box 61. The exhaust pipe 62 is connected to the air inlet end of the fan 63, and the air outlet valve 65 is located at the rear end of the material guiding channel plate 52. The air inlet end of the air outlet valve 65 is provided with a connecting elbow 64, and the connecting elbow 64 is connected to the air outlet end of the fan 63 respectively.

[0064] After the fan 63 is started, its air inlet draws air from the dust box 61 through the exhaust pipe 62, thereby forming a continuous negative pressure throughout the dust box 61 and the connected pipes. Due to the negative pressure, dust generated at workstations (such as the material guide box 16 and the sieve shell bucket 39) during the processing process is sucked into the system through the air guide pipe. After entering the dust box 61, the dust-laden air first passes through the filter screen, which intercepts the dust particles and causes them to adhere to the filter surface. The filtered clean air is then sucked into the fan 63 and finally discharged from the air outlet of the fan 63. The high-speed clean airflow generated by the air outlet of the fan 63 is transported to each air outlet valve 65 through the connecting elbow 64. Each air outlet valve 65 can independently adjust (or preset) its air volume and air speed, thereby controlling the airflow intensity blowing towards the material. The color-sorted gorgon kernels fall freely from the end of the material guide channel plate 52. During this process, kernels of different weights will be affected by the combined effects of gravity and wind: heavy / full kernels: have a large weight and inertia, are less affected by wind, and have a basically vertical falling trajectory, falling into the nearest collection box (considered as first-class products); kernels of smaller weight: are blown a certain distance by the wind and then fall into the distant collection box 9 (considered as second-class products).

[0065] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: preliminary sorting and feeding: the sorting motor 12 drives the rotating shaft of the sorting drum 14 to rotate through the transmission part, thereby driving the sorting drum 14 and the spiral fins 27 and two sorting partitions 22 therein to rotate; feeding: the shelled water chestnuts to be processed enter the rotating sorting drum 14 from the feeding drum 13; the conveying and tumbling spiral fins 27 play two key roles when the drum rotates: pushing the material entering the drum from the left side (feeding end) to the right side; during the conveying process, the material is continuously thrown up and rolled so that each water chestnut has ample opportunities to contact the sorting drum 14; graded screening: the sorting drum 14 is divided into three separation chambers by two sorting partitions 22, and the aperture of the sorting holes on each chamber increases from left to right; when the material moves from left to right, the smallest water chestnut is in the first chamber The gorgon fruits of medium size are screened out in the second chamber; the gorgon fruits of the largest size are transported to the rightmost end and fall down; the gorgon fruits are initially divided into three grades according to their size; the gorgon fruits of different sizes falling out of the right end of the sorting drum 14 fall together into the flow control hopper 15 below; the discharge arc plate 23 is closed in the initial state, blocking the hopper discharge port, so that the material is temporarily gathered in the hopper, playing a role of buffering and accumulation; when it is necessary to feed the shelling mechanism 5 of the next level, the control system starts the two discharge push rods 17, the discharge push rods 17 retract, and push or pull the discharge arc plate 23 to slide at the lower end of the hopper through the hinge point, thereby opening or adjusting the opening and closing degree of the discharge port; this design realizes the precise control of the material flow, avoids excessive one-time discharge and clogging of subsequent equipment, and ensures that the shelling process is carried out evenly and efficiently; Mechanical shelling: The output shaft of the primary shelling motor 19 drives the left end of the shelling shaft 20 to rotate. The gorgon fruit of different sizes from the upper sorting mechanism 6 are accurately fed into the corresponding three shelling chambers through the flow control hopper 15 and the material guide box 16, ensuring that each chamber processes materials of similar sizes. Guiding and limiting: After the material enters the shelling chamber, it is guided and limited by the inclined side baffles 28 and gathered in the shelling work area, that is, the area between the annular cutter assembly 24 (moving knife) and the fixed cutter assembly 25 (stationary knife). The 1-2mm gap between the lower edge of the side baffle 28 and the moving knife prevents the gorgon fruit from falling from the other side, prevents blockage and controls the shelling force; Rotary shearing and extrusion shelling: The shelling motor 19 drives the shelling shaft 20 to rotate at high speed, and the three annular cutter assemblies 24 installed on the shaft rotate at high speed. After the water chestnuts enter the narrow space between the moving knife and the static knife; It is subjected to multiple mechanical actions: shearing action: the annular cutter assembly 24 (moving cutter) and the fixed cutter assembly 25 (stationary cutter) form relative motion, shearing the outer shell of the gorgon fruit like a cutter; the annular cutter assembly 24 and the fixed cutter assembly 25 cooperate to stably clamp, extrude and guide the material; rubbing and tearing action: the annular cutter assembly 24 and the fixed cutter assembly 25 cooperate to stably clamp, extrude and guide the material, rubbing and tearing the gorgon fruit to separate the shell and the kernel; Shell and kernel separation and discharge: The shell and kernel mixture after shelling is discharged downward through the bottom opening of the shelling box 18 and enters the next level of the shell screening mechanism 4 for preliminary separation; Initial separation and homogenization of shells and kernels: The shell-kernel mixture discharged from the upper shelling mechanism 5 falls directly onto the sieve shell perforated plate 40 in the sieve shell bucket 39, which is set low in the front and high in the back and tilted; the sieve shell motor 43 is started to drive the eccentric protrusion 42 to rotate. The eccentric protrusion will generate periodic and uneven centrifugal force during the rotation process; the exciting force generated by the eccentric protrusion is transmitted to the sieve shell bucket 39, and the sieve shell bucket 39 is connected to the fixed base frame 37 through several vibration spring connecting rods 38. The functions of the spring connecting rod are as follows: allowing vibration: allowing the sieve shell bucket to vibrate freely within a limited range, amplifying the vibration effect: cooperating with the eccentric wheel to form an effective vibration screening mode (such as circular vibration or linear vibration); buffering and shock absorption: reducing the vibration transmitted to the frame and ensuring the stability of the entire machine; under the action of continuous vibration: fine materials: broken shells, fine chips, powder and gorgon kernels with a size smaller than the aperture of the sieve shell perforated plate 40, are quickly discharged through the perforated plate by gravity and vibration and enter the next process (color sorting); larger materials: larger shell flakes cannot pass through the perforated plate. Under the combined action of vibration and the inclination angle of the bucket body, they move along the inclined screen surface to the lower part (front end) and finally exit the sieve shell bucket 39 to be collected or discharged; improving the screening effect: vibration not only drives the material movement, but more importantly, it prevents the sieve holes from being blocked and loosens the material layer, allowing fine materials more opportunities to contact the sieve holes, thereby significantly improving the screening efficiency and effect; The shelled material falling from the discharge end of the sieve hopper 39 lands on the leveling hopper 47 and may rebound upward. The material baffle 48 prevents rebound and splashing and initially disperses the material. The two vibration motors 46 installed on either side of the leveling hopper 47 rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The excitation forces they generate are superimposed in the direction parallel to the material trough, but cancel each other out in the direction perpendicular to the material trough, forming a powerful directional linear vibration force. Under the action of this directional vibration force, the material in the leveling hopper 47 does not simply jump, but instead continuously jumps forward along the inclined bottom of the hopper, which is higher in front and lower in the back, toward the front and bottom (i.e., the outlet direction). During this conveying process, vibration plays a key role in leveling the material: it overcomes accumulation: vibration causes the material to "boil", effectively breaking up any accumulation or arching that may have formed, and naturally spreading the material into a thin and uniform layer. Ultimately, the material flow, which has been vibrated into an ideal single layer, is smoothly and evenly discharged from the discharge port of the leveling hopper 47 and accurately falls into the material guide mechanism 7 directly below, creating optimal conditions for high-precision color sorting. Intelligent color sorting: The front-end closing hopper 50, with its opening located directly below the discharge end of the vibrating material refining mechanism 3, is used to accurately receive the mixture of crushed shells, fine chips, powder, and gorgon kernels that has been refining to form a uniform single-layer material flow. The fine chips and powder are removed by the air separation and classification mechanism 10. The closing hopper is designed as a three-way trough with a high front and a low back. The three channels can effectively collect and gather the wide material flow falling from the entire width of the refining hopper, guiding it to the end of the drop hopper 51 to ensure that the material does not scatter during transportation. The materials fall from the drop hopper at the end of the closing hopper and fall onto the belt of the conveyor crawler 49. The conveyor crawler 49 runs at a constant speed, transporting the materials horizontally backward one by one smoothly and continuously, providing a stable and reliable material flow for the next stage of pneumatic color sorting and air separation classification; The material (a mixture of crushed shells and kernels) delivered from the material guide mechanism 7 passes through the hopper 51 and enters the interior of the material guide channel plate 52. The material guide mechanism 7 continues to convey the material, forming a continuous, clear free-falling material flow. As the material flow passes through the detection area, three industrial vision cameras 54 directly above it take high-speed, continuous photos, and the camera's built-in light source provides uniform and stable illumination. Powerful image processing algorithms analyze each frame in real time, accurately identifying each material as a "shell" or "kernel" based on characteristics such as color, shape, and texture. Once the system identifies a material as a "shell" (a defective product), it immediately calculates its position at the screening gap 59 and sends an electrical signal to the corresponding high-speed air valve 57. The air pump provides the high-pressure, dry, clean compressed air required for color sorting to the high-speed air valve 57. Upon receiving the electrical signal, the high-speed air valve 57 opens instantly within milliseconds, and compressed air is ejected at high speed from the nozzle of the U-shaped air jet 58. The jet airflow hits the passing "shells", blowing them away from the original material guide channel plate 52, into the adjacent waste shell channel, and into the corresponding collection box 9 at the rear. The "kernels" (qualified products) that have not been blown continue to fall along the original track and eventually fall into the corresponding collection box 9 at the rear, thus achieving the final high-precision separation of the shells and kernels. Wind classification and collection: Filtered clean air is drawn in by fan 63 and finally discharged from its outlet. The high-speed clean airflow generated by the outlet of fan 63 is delivered to each outlet valve 65 through a connecting elbow 64. Each outlet valve 65 can independently adjust (or preset) its air volume and speed, thereby controlling the intensity of the airflow directed at the material. The color-sorted gorgon kernels fall freely from the end of the guide channel plate 52. During this process, kernels of different weights are affected by the combined forces of gravity and wind: heavy / full kernels have greater weight and inertia, are less affected by wind, and fall essentially vertically into the nearest collection bin (considered first-grade). Lighter kernels are blown a distance by the wind before falling into the distant collection bin 9 (considered second-grade). The air separation and grading mechanism 10 can absorb the tiny debris produced by the shelling mechanism 5 and the shell screening mechanism 4 under negative pressure, and collect and process them. The shelling mechanism 5 can be cooled by air when used. That is, after the fan 63 is started, its air inlet end draws air from the dust collecting box 61 through the exhaust pipe 62, thereby forming a continuous negative pressure in the entire dust collecting box 61 and the pipeline connected to it; due to the negative pressure, the dust at the workstations where dust is generated during the processing (such as the material guide box 16 and the shell screening bucket 39) will be sucked into the system through the air guide pipe; after the dust-laden air enters the dust collecting box 61, it first passes through the filter screen, which intercepts the dust particles and makes them adhere to the surface of the filter screen.

[0066] In summary, this system achieves full automation and integration from raw materials to finished product. It seamlessly integrates previously independent processes such as sorting, shelling, screening, leveling, color sorting, grading, and dust removal into a single system. Centralized scheduling via a central touchscreen control panel allows for automated material flow, significantly reducing losses and pollution caused by manual intervention and material transfers. This significantly improves production efficiency and continuity, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

[0067] The intelligent color sorting system, composed of industrial vision cameras and high-speed air valves, can simulate and exceed the resolution ability of the human eye, identifying shells and kernels at millisecond speeds and accurately separating them by spraying, greatly improving sorting accuracy and the purity of finished products; the combination of front-end drum grading and rear-end wind grading realizes two-step fine grading of raw materials and finished products, improving the overall quality and market value of the products.

[0068] A single fan powers both the negative pressure dust removal system and the positive pressure air separation system, resulting in a compact structure and reduced energy consumption. The dust removal system ensures a clean working environment and meets environmental protection requirements.

[0069] Key components such as shelling knives and screens are modular and quickly disassembled. There is no need to replace the entire component after wear. The maintenance cost is low and the operation is simple, ensuring the long-term stable operation efficiency and economic benefits of the equipment.

[0070] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading water chestnuts, comprising an air separation and grading mechanism (10), a support frame (2), a material guide mechanism (7) located below the support frame (2), and a plurality of material collection boxes (9), characterized in that: A touch screen control box (1) is fixed to the side of the support frame (2), and a sorting mechanism (6), a shelling mechanism (5) and a plurality of sieve shell mechanisms (4) uniformly distributed in the left and right directions are sequentially arranged on the support frame (2) from top to bottom. A vibrating material-splitting mechanism (3) is arranged on each sieve shell mechanism (4). A pneumatic color sorting mechanism (8) is arranged above the material guide mechanism (7). The vibrating material-splitting mechanism (3) is located above the pneumatic color sorting mechanism (8). The air separation and grading mechanism (10) includes a plurality of air outlet valves (65), which are located below the discharge end of the material guide mechanism (7). A plurality of collecting boxes (9) are located at the rear side of the discharge end of the material guide mechanism (7), and the air outlet valves (65) are located in the collecting boxes (9). A control system is arranged inside the touch screen control box (1), and the control system mainly includes an input module, a central processing unit, an output module and a touch screen display.

2. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sorting mechanism (6) includes a sorting motor (12), a feeding cylinder (13), a sorting roller (14), a flow control hopper (15), and two hinged seats (11). The sorting roller (14) is rotatably arranged on the top of the support frame (2). The sorting motor (12), the feeding cylinder (13), the flow control hopper (15), and the two hinged seats (11) are all fixed on the top of the support frame (2). The flow control hopper (15) is located directly below the sorting roller (14). The feeding cylinder (13) is located on the left side of the sorting roller (14) and is connected to the sorting roller (14). The interior of the sorting roller (14) is fixed with a spiral fin (27) and two sorting partitions (22). The two sorting partitions (22) divide the sorting drum (14) into three separation chambers. The separation chambers are provided with sorting holes with apertures increasing from left to right. The left rotating shaft of the sorting drum (14) passes through and extends out of the feed drum (13). The output shaft of the sorting motor (12) is connected to the left rotating shaft of the sorting drum (14). The two hinge seats (11) are located at the rear side of the flow control hopper (15). The lower end of the flow control hopper (15) is provided with a discharge arc plate (23) for sliding. The width of the discharge arc plate (23) is greater than the width of the discharge port of the flow control hopper (15). A discharge push rod (17) is hinged between the discharge arc plate (23) and the two hinge seats (11).

3. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shelling mechanism (5) includes a shelling box (18) and a shelling motor (19), the shelling box (18) and the shelling motor (19) are fixed in the middle of the support frame (2), the upper end of the shelling box (18) is fixed with a material guide box (16), the material guide box (16) is located directly below the flow control hopper (15), the upper end of the rear side of the material guide box (16) is provided with two avoidance holes (21), the discharge push rod (17) passes through the avoidance holes (21) at corresponding positions, the interior of the material guide box (16) and the shelling box (18) are fixed with two shelling partitions (26), the shelling partitions (26) are respectively located directly below the sorting partitions (22) at corresponding positions, and the two shelling partitions (26) divide the interior of the material guide box (16) and the shelling box (18) into three shelling chambers The shelling box (18) is provided with a shelling shaft (20) for rotation inside the shelling box (18), and the left end of the shelling shaft (20) is connected to the output shaft of the shelling motor (19). The shelling shaft (20) is provided with three annular tool assemblies (24), and the annular tool assemblies (24) are respectively located inside the corresponding shelling chambers. The gap size between the lower end of the side baffle (28) and the annular tool assembly (24) is 1-2 mm. The shelling box (18) is provided with three fixed tool assemblies (25), and the fixed tool assemblies (25) are respectively located inside the corresponding shelling chambers, and the fixed tool assemblies (25) are located just in front of the corresponding annular tool assemblies (24).

4. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The annular cutter assembly (24) comprises a sleeve shaft (33), which is fixed on the shelling shaft (20), a side fixing plate (32) being fixed on one end of the sleeve shaft (33), and a side fixing plate (32) being slidably provided on the other end of the sleeve shaft (33), and annular cutter blocks (34) and annular blades (35) being sleeved on the sleeve shaft (33) in sequence, the annular blades (35) being located between two adjacent annular cutter blocks (34), the annular cutter blocks (34) and the annular blades (35) being located between two side fixing plates (32), and the two side fixing plates (32) being fixedly connected to the annular cutter blocks (34) and the annular blades (35) by a plurality of bolt pairs uniformly distributed around the circumference, annular arc grooves (36) being provided on both sides of the annular cutter block (34), the two adjacent annular arc grooves (36) forming a cutting annular through groove, and the annular blades (35) protruding from the cutting annular through grooves at corresponding positions.

5. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixed tool assembly (25) comprises a plurality of fixed tool oblique blocks (29) and fixed blades (30) that are alternately distributed in sequence. The fixed blade (30) is located between two adjacent fixed tool oblique blocks (29). The fixed tool oblique blocks (29) are detachably arranged inside the shelling box (18). The upper end surface of the fixed tool oblique block (29) is inclined. The fixed tool oblique block (29) and the fixed blade (30) are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolt pairs. Fixed arc grooves (31) are provided on both sides of the fixed tool oblique block (29). Two adjacent fixed arc grooves (31) form a cutting fixed through groove. The fixed blades (30) protrude from the cutting fixed through grooves at corresponding positions. The cutting fixed through grooves are directly opposite to the cutting annular through grooves.

6. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sieve shell mechanism (4) includes a base frame (37) and a sieve shell bucket (39) with a lower front and a higher rear, and is tilted. The base frame (37) is fixed to the lower position of the support frame (2). A plurality of vibration spring connecting rods (38) are provided between the base frame (37) and the sieve shell bucket (39). A sieve shell motor (43) is fixed to the upper end of the base frame (37). An eccentric protrusion (42) is provided on the side of the sieve shell bucket (39) for rotation. The rotating shaft of the eccentric protrusion (42) is connected to the output shaft of the sieve shell motor (43) in a transmission manner. A mounting frame (41) is fixed to the front side of the base frame (37). A sieve shell hole plate (40) is detachably provided inside the sieve shell bucket (39) and is arranged parallel to the sieve shell bucket. The length of the sieve shell hole plate (40) is longer than that of the sieve shell bucket (39).

7. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vibrating material-splitting mechanism (3) comprises a material-splitting hopper (47) and four bases (44) arranged with a high front and a low rear. The four bases (44) are fixed to the upper end of the mounting frame (41). A plurality of vibration spring connecting rods (45) are provided between the material-splitting hopper (47) and the four bases (44). Vibrating motors (46) are fixed to the left and right sides of the material-splitting hopper (47). A material-blocking plate (48) is fixed to the front side of the upper end of the material-splitting hopper (47). The discharge end of the sieve shell hopper (39) is located below the material-blocking plate (48) and at the rear side of the material-blocking plate (48).

8. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The material guiding mechanism (7) includes a conveying crawler (49), and a closing bucket (50) with a three-way groove arranged obliquely with a high front and a low rear is fixed to the upper end of the frame of the conveying crawler (49). The closing bucket (50) is located directly below the discharge end of the material sizing hopper (47), and a drop hopper (51) is provided at the end of the closing bucket (50).

9. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pneumatic color sorting mechanism (8) includes a rack (53) and an air pump. The rack (53) is fixed to the upper end of the frame of the conveyor crawler (49). Three industrial visual cameras (54) are fixed to the upper end of the rack (53). Three material guide channel plates (52) are fixed to the lower end of the rack (53). The industrial visual cameras (54) are directly opposite to the material guide channel plates (52). The material guide channel plates (52) are connected to the ends of the corresponding drop hoppers (51). A waste shell channel is formed between two adjacent material guide channel plates (52). The right side end of the left material guide channel plate (52), the left and right side ends of the middle material guide channel plate (52), and the right side end of the right material guide channel plate (52) are all fixed with closing plates (56). A waste closing channel is formed between the two adjacent closing plates (56). The waste closing channel is located at the end of the waste shell channel. , a fixing frame (55) is fixed on the upper end of the three material guide channel plates (52), and the fixing frame (55) is located at the rear side of the industrial vision camera (54). Three high-speed air valves (57) are fixed on the upper end of the fixing frame (55). The air inlet end of the high-speed air valve (57) is connected to the air pump through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the high-speed air valve (57) is provided with a U-shaped jet pipe (58). The right side of the left and middle material guide channel plates (52) and the left side of the right material guide channel plate (52) are both provided with a screening notch (59). The screening notch (59) is located below the fixing frame (55). The air outlet end of the U-shaped jet pipe (58) is opposite to the screening notch (59) and opposite to the waste shell channel. The collecting box (9) is respectively located at the rear side of the end of the material guide channel plate (52) and the waste closing channel, and the number of the collecting boxes (9) located on the material guide channel plate (52) is two.

10. The fully automatic integrated device for shelling, separating and grading gorgon fruit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The air separation and classification mechanism (10) further includes a dust collecting box (61), which is located at the side of the material guiding mechanism (7). An air extraction hopper (60) is provided at the upper end of the dust collecting box (61), and an air guide pipe is provided between the air extraction hopper (60), the material guiding box (16) and the sieve shell hopper (39). A filter is fixed inside the dust collecting box (61). An exhaust pipe (62) is provided at the lower end of the dust collecting box (61), and the exhaust pipe (62) is connected to the air inlet end of the fan (63). An air outlet valve (65) is located at the rear end of the material guiding channel plate (52). The air inlet end of the air outlet valve (65) is provided with a connecting elbow (64), and the connecting elbow (64) is connected to the air outlet end of the fan (63).

Images