A supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power frequency regulation system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power system frequency regulation technology, and in particular provides a supercapacitor-coupled hydrogen fuel cell-coupled thermal power frequency regulation system and method. The system includes a multi-energy flow collaborative core component, comprising a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit, and a thermal power unit collaborative module; a three-dimensional coupling collaborative link, including electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling. This system solves the problems of sluggish response in traditional thermal power frequency regulation and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technologies, achieving synergistic optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient renewable energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system frequency regulation technology, and in particular to a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by dual carbon targets, the grid connection rate of intermittent power sources such as wind power and photovoltaics continues to increase, leading to a significant reduction in grid inertia. Actual measurement data shows that when the penetration rate of renewable energy exceeds 30%, the grid frequency fluctuation amplitude increases by 50% compared to traditional systems, and the average daily occurrence of frequency deviation events of ±0.5Hz increases from 2 to more than 6. Traditional thermal power units are limited by the mechanical delay of the steam turbine speed regulation system (electro-hydraulic converter response time > 500ms) and the thermal inertia of high-temperature components (main steam pipe temperature change rate < 5℃ / min). The lag time from receiving the frequency regulation command to the actual power output is as long as 2-3 seconds, and the ramp rate is usually less than 10% of rated power / minute, making it impossible to match the power change demands of sudden increases in wind power (e.g., 30MW / 10 seconds) or sudden drops in photovoltaic power (e.g., 20MW / 5 seconds).

[0003] There are significant bottlenecks in the synergy between existing energy storage technologies and thermal power: Although reversible solid oxide batteries (RSOCs) can achieve inter-day energy storage through electric-hydrogen-electric cycles, the ion diffusion rate of the electrode materials exhibits hysteresis characteristics when operating at 650-1000℃, and the power regulation rate is only 1-2% of the rated power / minute. Moreover, mode switching (electrolysis / fuel cell mode) requires a temperature equilibrium stage (taking 5-10 minutes), making it difficult to track the dynamic frequency regulation requirements of thermal power units. Although supercapacitors have a response speed of <100ms and a power density of 5-10kW / kg, their energy storage capacity is limited by physical size, and the continuous discharge time is usually <30 minutes, which cannot independently fill the energy gap in the frequency regulation blind zone of thermal power units (such as load fluctuations lasting more than 1 hour). This technological gap has resulted in thermal power units in the existing system having to bear more than 70% of the frequency regulation power deficit. Actual test data from a 300MW thermal power unit shows that frequent frequency regulation increases the number of thermal stress cycles of the high-pressure cylinder from 800 times / year to 1500 times / year, shortens the equipment life by about 25%, and at the same time, the wind and solar curtailment rate is as high as 20%-25%. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation system and method to solve the problems of slow response of traditional thermal power frequency regulation and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technology, and to achieve synergistic optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient consumption of renewable energy.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power frequency regulation system, the system comprising:

[0006] The core components for multi-energy flow collaboration include a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit, and a thermal power unit collaborative module; the three-dimensional coupling collaborative link includes electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling.

[0007] The supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit via a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor unit integrates a temperature management system, operating in an environment of -20℃ to 80℃. Its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the regulating valve action characteristics of the thermal power unit through co-simulation to ensure a smooth power transition during frequency regulation. The hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device. The stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. It is connected to the thermal power unit's exhaust system via a heat pipe heat exchanger. The flue gas system is coupled, utilizing the waste heat of 300-500℃ to increase the heating rate of the RSOC start-up phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction; the thermal power unit's collaborative module's electro-hydraulic regulation system DEH is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and dynamically adjusts the turbine valve opening command through a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative PID algorithm, expanding the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-valve action to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the valve action advance amount reaches 50-100ms.

[0008] Optionally, the electrical coupling involves the supercapacitor and RSOC being connected in parallel to the low-voltage side of the excitation transformer of the thermal power unit, forming a three-level power regulation channel of supercapacitor-RSOC-thermal power unit. When the frequency deviation is less than 0.2Hz, only the thermal power unit participates in regulation. When the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.2Hz and less than 0.5Hz, the supercapacitor and the thermal power unit work together. When the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz, all three operate in conjunction to reduce the frequency regulation power fluctuation range of the thermal power unit from ±15MW to below ±8MW.

[0009] The thermal coupling is as follows: the high-temperature waste heat of the RSOC stack is recovered through the heat transfer oil circuit and used to heat the fuel gas of the thermal power unit; the 50-80℃ waste heat generated by the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is used to preheat the RSOC intake air, forming a waste heat cascade utilization chain of thermal power unit exhaust - RSOC - supercapacitor.

[0010] The control coupling is as follows: The Energy Management System (EMS) adopts a hierarchical control architecture. The upper layer generates a 24-hour energy storage scheduling plan based on weather forecasts and load predictions, while the lower layer performs second-level collaborative control based on real-time data from the Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). The system achieves bidirectional data interaction with the DCS system of the thermal power unit through the industrial communication protocol OPC UA.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for frequency regulation of a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power, the method being implemented based on the aforementioned supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power frequency regulation system, the method comprising:

[0012] Step 1: Model the multiphysics coupling and define the parameters interactively;

[0013] Step 2: Based on Step 1, perform stratified processing of frequency deviations in the frequency regulation blind zone of thermal power plants;

[0014] Step 3: Based on Step 2, construct a dual energy storage synergy strategy for thermal stress control of thermal power units;

[0015] Step 4: Based on Step 3, determine the multi-constraint safety control for the lifespan of thermal power units;

[0016] Step 5: Based on step 4, perform multi-objective optimization based on the life cycle of the thermal power unit.

[0017] Optionally, step 1 includes:

[0018] A dynamic response model for supercapacitors is established, considering the power deficit during the initial stage of frequency regulation in thermal power units. The equation of state for supercapacitor energy storage is as follows:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, For a moment t Supercapacitor energy storage, its value range is affected and constraint, and They are time points Minimum and maximum energy storage values ​​of supercapacitors; For a moment t -1 supercapacitor energy storage; The charging and discharging power is the maximum charging and discharging power it receives. limit; A 60-second interval is used, consistent with the sampling period of the thermal power unit's DEH system, to ensure data synchronization; the supercapacitor dynamic response model is corrected by fitting the internal resistance variation curve of the supercapacitor at different temperatures. temperature coefficient, For energy storage efficiency;

[0021] The RSOC electro-hydrogen conversion and heat transfer coupling model, with the following expression for hydrogen storage in electrolysis mode:

[0022] ;

[0023] in, For a moment tThe quality of stored hydrogen is affected by the maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. limit; For a moment t -1 hydrogen storage mass; For electrolysis power, satisfy And the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output. This represents the maximum value of the electrolysis power. Electrolysis efficiency is positively correlated with the RSOC operating temperature; This is the higher calorific value of hydrogen.

[0024] The expression for power generation in fuel cell mode is:

[0025] ;

[0026] in, For power generation, it is affected by limit, This represents the maximum power output. To consume hydrogen mass, to meet ; For power generation efficiency;

[0027] The expression for waste heat utilization of thermal power units is:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, To achieve RSOC intake temperature, the opening of the waste heat valve is controlled to... ; The exhaust gas temperature of the thermal power unit. For heat transfer efficiency; The ambient temperature;

[0030] The expression for the frequency regulation characteristic model of thermal power units is:

[0031] ;

[0032] in, This refers to the power output of the thermal power unit. Base load power; As a frequency modulation adjustment, it is affected by the ramp rate. Constraints, and satisfy , and These represent the minimum and maximum power values ​​of the thermal power unit, respectively; the frequency regulation characteristic model of the thermal power unit is established by collecting thermal stress data of the thermal power unit under different loads. Safety adjustment boundaries.

[0033] Optionally, step 2 includes:

[0034] Real-time frequency monitoring and frequency regulation capability assessment are achieved by collecting grid frequency data through synchronous phasor measurement units (PMUs) deployed at key substations. Calculation and Rated Values The deviation, its deviation The expression is:

[0035] ;

[0036] The expression for simultaneously assessing the current frequency regulation capability of thermal power units is:

[0037] ;

[0038] in, This provides the real-time available frequency-regulating power for thermal power units.

[0039] when and At rated power, the energy storage coordination mechanism is triggered;

[0040] The time-scale hierarchical allocation of frequency-regulated power, with the dominant layer expression for thermal power units being:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, Rated power of thermal power units This is the thermal power regulation coefficient, with a value of 300MW / Hz, used to reflect the static regulation characteristics of thermal power units to frequency deviation; For system capacity; The proportion borne by thermal power is set at 0.4 to ensure... exist Within the range;

[0043] The expression for the supercapacitor collaborative layer is:

[0044] ;

[0045] in, This refers to the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor. This is the supercapacitor regulation coefficient, with a value of 500MW / Hz, used to reflect its fast response advantage; The value is set at 0.5 to cover the power shortfall during the speed regulation delay period of thermal power units.

[0046] The RSOC support layer expression is:

[0047] ;

[0048] in, The rated discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell, This is the RSOC adjustment coefficient, with a value of 200MW / Hz, used to account for its thermal inertia delay; The value is 0.1, representing the proportion of responsibility undertaken, and is used to ensure long-term energy balance. Total system capacity represents the total power capacity of the power grid or related systems;

[0049] Layered processing logic: When a sudden drop in frequency is detected, the DEH system of the thermal power unit synchronously issues a valve opening command. During this stage, the supercapacitor assumes 50% of the power deficit to prevent excessive valve movement from causing the turbine axial displacement to exceed the limit. After the valve opening command is issued, the power of the thermal power unit begins to climb, and the supercapacitor continues to support it for 60 seconds. At this time, the thermal power unit reaches 80% of the frequency regulation output. During this period, the RSOC completes preheating and starts up, taking over to assume the remaining 20% ​​power deficit.

[0050] Optionally, step 3 includes:

[0051] The supercapacitor's dynamic power buffer, when the frequency deviation is greater than 0.3Hz, performs a millisecond-level response, the expression of which is:

[0052] ;

[0053] in, This refers to the discharge power of the supercapacitor. This represents the maximum discharge power of the supercapacitor. This refers to the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor.

[0054] Simultaneously satisfy: , The available power of the supercapacitor; the spatiotemporal energy transfer between RSOC and thermal power units, hydrogen storage during off-peak periods: when the output of the thermal power unit is less than 10% of the base load power, RSOC starts electrolysis mode, the expression of which is:

[0055] ;

[0056] in, For wind power, For photovoltaic power, For load power; The value is set to 0.7 to ensure that the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output; the hydrogen produced in this stage is stored in a high-pressure tank to reserve energy for the midday load peak the next day.

[0057] Peak-hour hydrogen release: When the grid load exceeds the maximum output of the thermal power unit, the RSOC switches to fuel cell mode, expressed as follows:

[0058] ;

[0059] Joint frequency regulation logic chain: After frequency deviation is triggered, the supercapacitor responds within 0.1 seconds, taking on 50% of the deficit, and the thermal power unit's DEH system operates synchronously; within 2-60 seconds, the supercapacitor continues to support, the RSOC uses the waste heat of the thermal power unit to heat up, and the power of the thermal power unit climbs; after 60 seconds, the RSOC reaches the rated operating temperature, takes over the 20% deficit from the supercapacitor, the supercapacitor enters the charging state, and the thermal power unit maintains base load regulation.

[0060] Optionally, step 4 includes:

[0061] The interaction between dual energy storage and thermal power, with supercapacitors supporting the boundary, is expressed as follows:

[0062] ;

[0063] RSOC thermal safety constraints, the expression of which is:

[0064] ;

[0065] The minimum output of a thermal power unit is expressed as follows:

[0066] ;

[0067] Energy balance and frequency quality control, and power supply and demand balance, are expressed as follows:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, This is used to ensure real-time power balance; This refers to the charging and discharging power.

[0070] The frequency quality index is expressed as follows:

[0071] ;

[0072] in, For any time within the integration time period frequency deviation, This is the integration time variable, used to iterate through the entire integration time interval;

[0073] Control the integral value of the frequency deviation to meet the power grid assessment requirements;

[0074] Safety control logic: When the vibration of the thermal power unit exceeds 80μm or the main steam temperature exceeds 540℃, it automatically switches to the energy storage priority mode: the supercapacitor undertakes 100% of the frequency regulation power, and the thermal power unit maintains the current output; the RSOC quickly releases 50% of the stored hydrogen to ensure frequency stability within 30 minutes; after the thermal power unit recovers, it gradually switches back to the collaborative mode at a rate of 5% per minute.

[0075] Optionally, step 5 includes:

[0076] Construct an objective function with the core objective of minimizing the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, the expression of which is:

[0077] ;

[0078] in, To minimize the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, For fuel costs, To reduce the maintenance costs of supercapacitors, For RSOC operation and maintenance costs, To incur penalties, Costs related to aging; , For fuel prices, For power generation efficiency; , The aging factor quantifies the life loss caused by thermal stress in thermal power units.

[0079] Iterative optimization strategies based on load characteristics:

[0080] Baseload optimization: Typical daily load curves of thermal power units are generated using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), and the energy storage synergy ratio is optimized.

[0081] Base load period: Supercapacitors bear 30%, RSOC bears 20%, and thermal power units bear 50%, maintaining thermal power units at 80%-100% of rated power;

[0082] During off-peak periods: Supercapacitors bear 50% of the burden, RSOCs bear 40%, and thermal power units bear 10%.

[0083] Start-stop optimization:

[0084] When the frequency deviation is greater than 0.5Hz and the thermal power unit has reached its maximum output, the RSOC emergency energy release is triggered, and its expression is:

[0085] ;

[0086] in, For RSOC emergency energy release power, This represents the maximum power of the RSOC.

[0087] Extending unplanned downtime intervals to over 8,000 hours reduces start-up and shutdown costs by 15%-20%;

[0088] Optimize the solution logic: Use the Gurobi solver and dynamically adjust the energy storage strategy in combination with real-time data from the DCS of the thermal power unit: When the temperature difference of the main steam pipeline is greater than 50°C, increase the RSOC output ratio to 30% and reduce the valve operation of the thermal power unit; when the remaining SOC of the supercapacitor is less than 20%, arrange it to charge first and reduce the coordination ratio.

[0089] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium comprising a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation method in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0090] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more computer programs, wherein the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory, and the one or more computer programs include instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0091] The technical solution provided by this invention includes a multi-energy flow collaborative core component, comprising a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit, and a thermal power unit collaborative module; a three-dimensional coupling collaborative link, including electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling; the supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter; the supercapacitor energy storage unit integrates a temperature management system, operating in an environment of -20℃ to 80℃, and its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the regulating valve action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation to ensure a smooth power transition during frequency regulation; the hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device, the stack module comprising a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. By coupling the heat pipe heat exchanger with the exhaust system of the thermal power unit, the waste heat of 300-500℃ is used to increase the heating rate of the RSOC start-up stage from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction. The thermal power unit collaborative module's electro-hydraulic regulation system DEH is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal. The steam turbine valve opening command is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative PID algorithm, expanding the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-valve action to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the valve action advance amount reaches 50-100ms. This system solves the problems of sluggish frequency regulation response of traditional thermal power and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technology, and realizes the synergistic optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient consumption of renewable energy. Attached Figure Description

[0092] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0093] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an ultracapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power frequency regulation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 2 A flowchart of the frequency regulation method for coupling a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell with a thermal power plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0096] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0097] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0098] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this invention are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0099] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0100] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."

[0101] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an ultracapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power frequency regulation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes:

[0102] The core components for multi-energy flow collaboration include a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit, and a thermal power unit collaborative module; the three-dimensional coupling collaborative link includes electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling.

[0103] The supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter. Its charge and discharge efficiency is greater than or equal to 92%, and its response time is less than 100ms. It is specifically designed to smooth the instantaneous power fluctuations during the delay period (0-2 seconds) of the thermal power unit's speed regulation system. The supercapacitor energy storage unit integrates a temperature management system and operates in an environment of -20℃ to 80℃. Its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the damper action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation to ensure a smooth power transition during frequency regulation. The hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device. The efficiency in electrolysis mode is greater than or equal to 80%, and the efficiency in fuel cell mode is 80%-90%. The stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. It is coupled to the thermal power unit's exhaust system through a heat pipe heat exchanger, using the waste heat of 300-500℃ to increase the temperature rise rate of the RSOC during the start-up phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction, thereby increasing the power regulation rate during steady-state operation by 30%. The hydrogen storage capacity is designed based on the maximum wind curtailment during the off-peak period of thermal power units to meet the inter-day energy storage demand. Taking the gas turbine as an example, the electro-hydraulic regulation system DEH of the thermal power unit collaborative module is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal. The turbine valve opening command is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative PID algorithm, which expands the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-valve action to the dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the valve action advance amount reaches 50-100ms.

[0104] In this embodiment of the invention, electrical coupling is achieved as follows: the supercapacitor and the RSOC are connected in parallel to the low-voltage side of the excitation transformer of the thermal power unit, forming a three-level power regulation channel of supercapacitor-RSOC-thermal power unit; when the frequency deviation is less than 0.2Hz, only the thermal power unit participates in regulation; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.2Hz and less than 0.5Hz, the supercapacitor and the thermal power unit cooperate; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz, all three operate in conjunction to reduce the frequency regulation power fluctuation amplitude of the thermal power unit from ±15MW to below ±8MW.

[0105] The thermal coupling involves recovering the high-temperature waste heat (300℃-400℃) of the RSOC stack through a heat transfer oil circuit to heat the fuel gas of the thermal power unit, increasing its calorific value by 5%-8%; and using the 50-80℃ waste heat generated by the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor to preheat the RSOC intake air, forming a waste heat cascade utilization chain of thermal power unit exhaust gas - RSOC - supercapacitor, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system by 7%-10%.

[0106] The control coupling is as follows: The Energy Management System (EMS) adopts a hierarchical control architecture. The upper layer generates a 24-hour energy storage scheduling plan based on weather forecasts and load predictions, while the lower layer performs second-level collaborative control based on real-time data from the Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). It achieves bidirectional data interaction with the DCS system of thermal power units through the industrial communication protocol OPC UA, with a communication latency of less than 50ms.

[0107] Figure 2 The flowchart of the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation method provided in the embodiments of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, this method is based on a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with a thermal power frequency regulation system, and the method includes:

[0108] Step 1: Model the multiphysics coupling and define the parameters interactively.

[0109] In this embodiment of the invention, step 1 includes:

[0110] A dynamic response model for supercapacitors is established, considering the power deficit during the initial stage of frequency regulation in thermal power units. The equation of state for supercapacitor energy storage is as follows:

[0111] ;

[0112] in, For a moment t Supercapacitor energy storage, its value range is affected (10% of rated capacity) and (Rated capacity 100%) constraint, and They are time points Minimum and maximum energy storage values ​​of supercapacitors; For a moment t -1 supercapacitor energy storage; The charging and discharging power (charge is positive) is the maximum charging and discharging power it receives. limit; A 60-second sampling period was used, consistent with the sampling cycle of the DEH system of the thermal power unit, to ensure data synchronization; the supercapacitor dynamic response model was corrected by fitting the internal resistance change curve of the supercapacitor at different temperatures (-20℃-80℃). A temperature coefficient of (90%-92%) provides accurate energy storage status feedback for power allocation in step 2. For energy storage efficiency.

[0113] The RSOC electro-hydrogen conversion and heat transfer coupling model, with the following expression for hydrogen storage in electrolysis mode:

[0114] ;

[0115] in, For a moment t The quality of stored hydrogen is affected by the maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. limit; For a moment t -1 hydrogen storage mass; For electrolysis power, satisfy And the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output. This represents the maximum value of the electrolysis power. The electrolysis efficiency is 80%-85%, which is positively correlated with the RSOC operating temperature. This refers to the high heating value of hydrogen.

[0116] The expression for power generation in fuel cell mode is:

[0117] ;

[0118] in, For power generation, it is affected by limit, This represents the maximum power output. To consume hydrogen mass, to meet ; For power generation efficiency;

[0119] The expression for waste heat utilization of thermal power units is:

[0120] ;

[0121] in, To achieve RSOC intake temperature, the opening of the waste heat valve is controlled to... ; The exhaust gas temperature of the thermal power unit. For heat transfer efficiency; Ambient Temperature;

[0122] The expression for the frequency regulation characteristic model of thermal power units is:

[0123] ;

[0124] in, This refers to the power output of the thermal power unit. Base load power; As a frequency modulation adjustment, it is affected by the ramp rate. Constraints, and satisfy , and These represent the minimum and maximum power values ​​of the thermal power unit, respectively; the frequency regulation characteristic model of the thermal power unit is established by collecting thermal stress data (such as high-pressure cylinder expansion difference and main steam pipeline temperature difference) of the thermal power unit under different loads. The safety adjustment boundary provides constraints for the collaborative strategy in step 3.

[0125] The supercapacitor SOC-power characteristic curve, RSOC temperature-efficiency mapping relationship, and thermal power unit ramp rate-thermal stress model established in Step 1 together form the mathematical basis for the frequency deviation layering processing in Step 2. For example, when calculating the frequency regulation power demand in Step 2, the available frequency regulation power model for thermal power units from Step 1 needs to be called: To determine the coordination ratio of energy storage units.

[0126] Step 2: Based on Step 1, perform layered processing on the frequency deviation of the thermal power plant frequency regulation blind zone.

[0127] In this embodiment of the invention, step 2 includes:

[0128] Real-time frequency monitoring and frequency regulation capability assessment are achieved by collecting grid frequency data through synchronous phasor measurement units (PMUs) deployed at key substations. Calculation and Rated Values The deviation, its deviation The expression is:

[0129] ;

[0130] The expression for simultaneously assessing the current frequency regulation capability of thermal power units is:

[0131] ;

[0132] in, This provides the real-time available frequency-regulating power for thermal power units.

[0133] when and At rated power, the energy storage coordination mechanism is triggered;

[0134] The time-scale hierarchical allocation of frequency-regulated power, with the dominant layer (0-2 seconds) for thermal power units expressed as follows:

[0135] ;

[0136] in, Rated power of thermal power units This is the thermal power regulation coefficient, with a value of 300MW / Hz, used to reflect the static regulation characteristics of thermal power units to frequency deviation; For system capacity; The proportion borne by thermal power is set at 0.4 to ensure... exist Within the range;

[0137] The expression for the supercapacitor synergy layer (2-60 seconds) is:

[0138] ;

[0139] in, This refers to the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor. This is the supercapacitor regulation coefficient, with a value of 500MW / Hz, used to reflect its fast response advantage; The value is set at 0.5 to cover the power shortfall during the speed regulation delay period of thermal power units.

[0140] The expression for the RSOC support layer (>60 seconds) is:

[0141] ;

[0142] in, The rated discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell, This is the RSOC adjustment coefficient, with a value of 200MW / Hz, used to account for its thermal inertia delay; The value is 0.1, representing the proportion of responsibility undertaken, and is used to ensure long-term energy balance. System Capacity represents the total power capacity of the power grid or related systems.

[0143] Layered processing logic: When a sudden frequency drop is detected, the thermal power unit's DEH system synchronously issues a valve opening command (0-2 seconds). During this phase, the supercapacitor assumes 50% of the power deficit to prevent excessive valve movement that could lead to excessive turbine axial displacement. After issuing the valve opening command (2 seconds), the thermal power unit's power begins to climb, and the supercapacitor continues to support it for 60 seconds. At this point, the thermal power unit reaches 80% of its frequency regulation output. During this period, the RSOC completes preheating and starts up, taking over to assume the remaining 20% ​​of the power deficit. This layered strategy reduces the frequency regulation power variation rate of the thermal power unit from 15% of rated power per minute to 7% of rated power per minute, and reduces the thermal stress amplitude by 40%.

[0144] Step 2 output and As the control command for step 3, Directly drives the charging and discharging of supercapacitors. This triggers RSOC mode switching and power regulation. For example, when When the value is >0, step 3 will activate the RSOC's fuel cell mode and proceed according to step 1. Determine whether additional waste heat input is needed.

[0145] Step 3: Based on Step 2, construct a dual energy storage synergy strategy for thermal stress control of thermal power units.

[0146] In this embodiment of the invention, step 3 includes:

[0147] The supercapacitor's dynamic power buffer, when the frequency deviation is greater than 0.3Hz, performs a millisecond-level response, the expression of which is:

[0148] ;

[0149] in, This refers to the discharge power of the supercapacitor. This represents the maximum discharge power of the supercapacitor. This refers to the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor.

[0150] Simultaneously satisfy: , This refers to the available power of the supercapacitor.

[0151] To prevent the thermal power unit from losing its frequency regulation standby due to excessive discharge of the supercapacitor. Under certain operating conditions, the frequency suddenly drops by 0.4Hz, resulting in a system power deficit of 80MW. The supercapacitor discharges 40MW within 100ms, reducing the power deficit of the thermal power unit when the regulating valve operates to 40MW. This corresponds to a decrease in the regulating valve opening change rate from 12% / second to 6% / second, and a decrease in the peak thermal stress of the high-pressure cylinder from 120MPa to 65MPa.

[0152] Energy transfer between RSOC and thermal power units, hydrogen storage during off-peak hours: When the output of thermal power units is less than 10% of the base load power (e.g., 23:00-5:00 at night), RSOC starts electrolysis mode, the expression of which is:

[0153] ;

[0154] in, For wind power, For photovoltaic power, For load power; The value is set to 0.7 to ensure that the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output; the hydrogen produced in this stage is stored in a high-pressure tank to reserve energy for the midday load peak the next day.

[0155] Peak-hour hydrogen release: When the grid load exceeds the maximum output of the thermal power unit (e.g., between 12:00 and 14:00), the RSOC switches to fuel cell mode, expressed as follows:

[0156] ;

[0157] The released hydrogen energy, combined with the supercapacitor, enables the thermal power unit to maintain an economical operating point of 90% of its rated power, improving power generation efficiency by 3%.

[0158] Joint frequency regulation logic chain: After frequency deviation is triggered, the supercapacitor responds within 0.1 seconds, assuming 50% of the deficit, and the thermal power unit's DEH system operates synchronously; within 2-60 seconds, the supercapacitor continues to provide support, the RSOC utilizes the waste heat of the thermal power unit to heat up, and the thermal power unit's power output increases; after 60 seconds, the RSOC reaches its rated operating temperature, taking over the 20% deficit from the supercapacitor, the supercapacitor enters charging mode, and the thermal power unit maintains base load regulation. In this chain, the supercapacitor's rapid response provides the RSOC with preheating time, and the RSOC's long-term energy storage capacity compensates for the supercapacitor's capacity limitation, reducing the frequency regulation frequency of the thermal power unit from 15 times / day to 8 times / day.

[0159] The energy storage action in step 3 must meet the safety constraints in step 4, such as when the supercapacitor discharges. During runtime When the strategy in step 3 might breach these constraints, step 4 will trigger safety control logic, such as limiting the power regulation rate of the RSOC or initiating protective charging of the supercapacitor.

[0160] Step 4: Based on Step 3, determine the multi-constraint safety control for the lifespan of thermal power units.

[0161] In this embodiment of the invention, step 4 includes:

[0162] The interaction between dual energy storage and thermal power, with supercapacitors supporting the boundary, is expressed as follows:

[0163] ;

[0164] RSOC thermal safety constraints, the expression of which is:

[0165] ;

[0166] To prevent the electrolyte from cracking due to excessively high RSOC temperature, this constraint is achieved by controlling the opening of the waste heat valve.

[0167] To ensure stable combustion and prevent flameout, the minimum output of a thermal power unit is expressed as:

[0168] ;

[0169] Energy balance and frequency quality control, and power supply and demand balance, are expressed as follows:

[0170] ;

[0171] in, This is used to ensure real-time power balance; This refers to the charging and discharging power.

[0172] The frequency quality index is expressed as follows:

[0173] ;

[0174] in, For any time within the integration time period frequency deviation, This is the integration time variable, used to iterate through the entire integration time period (e.g., from the start time of frequency modulation 0 to any time t).

[0175] Control the integral value of the frequency deviation to meet the power grid assessment requirements (integral value of frequency deviation ≤ 0.1 Hz・s);

[0176] Safety control logic: When the vibration of the thermal power unit exceeds 80μm or the main steam temperature exceeds 540℃, it automatically switches to the energy storage priority mode: the supercapacitor undertakes 100% of the frequency regulation power, and the thermal power unit maintains the current output; the RSOC quickly releases 50% of the stored hydrogen to ensure frequency stability within 30 minutes; after the thermal power unit recovers, it gradually switches back to the collaborative mode at a rate of 5% per minute.

[0177] This logic can prevent thermal power units from continuing to adjust the frequency under abnormal operating conditions, which could lead to the expansion of the fault. One case showed that when the turbine bearing temperature exceeds the threshold, this mode reduces the risk of failure shutdown by 70%.

[0178] The connection between Step 4 and Step 5: The constraints in Step 4 serve as the hard boundaries of the optimization model in Step 5. For example, the minimum technical output constraint of the thermal power unit limits the range of power values ​​for the thermal power unit in Step 5, while the frequency quality index affects the weight of the penalty term in the objective function in Step 5. The optimization result of Step 5 needs to be returned to Step 4 to verify whether all constraints are satisfied. If not, the optimization parameters need to be adjusted and the solution resolved.

[0179] Step 5: Based on step 4, perform multi-objective optimization based on the life cycle of the thermal power unit.

[0180] In this embodiment of the invention, step 5 includes:

[0181] Construct an objective function with the core objective of minimizing the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, the expression of which is:

[0182] ;

[0183] in, To minimize the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, For fuel costs, To reduce the maintenance costs of supercapacitors, For RSOC operation and maintenance costs, To incur penalties, Costs related to aging; , For fuel prices, For power generation efficiency; , The aging coefficient quantifies the life loss caused by thermal stress in thermal power units. This objective function organically combines the operating economy and life cycle management of thermal power units by quantifying fuel costs and equipment aging losses, providing core calculation basis for subsequent optimization strategy iterations based on load characteristics.

[0184] Iterative optimization strategies based on load characteristics:

[0185] Baseload optimization: Typical daily load curves of thermal power units are generated using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), and the energy storage synergy ratio is optimized.

[0186] Base load period (6:00-22:00): Supercapacitors bear 30%, RSOC bears 20%, and thermal power units bear 50%, maintaining thermal power units at 80%-100% of rated power;

[0187] Off-peak hours (22:00-6:00): Supercapacitors bear 50% of the load, RSOCs bear 40%, and thermal power units bear 10%.

[0188] Start-stop optimization:

[0189] When the continuous frequency deviation is greater than 0.5 Hz and the thermal power unit has reached its maximum output, trigger the RSOC emergency energy release, and its expression is:

[0190] ;

[0191] Among them, is the RSOC emergency energy release power, is the RSOC maximum power;

[0192] Extend the unplanned outage interval to more than 8000 hours and reduce the start-stop cost by 15%-20%;

[0193] Optimize the solution logic: Adopt the Gurobi solver and dynamically adjust the energy storage strategy in combination with the real-time data of the thermal power unit DCS (such as the differential expansion of the high-pressure cylinder and the temperature difference of the main steam pipeline): When the temperature difference of the main steam pipeline is greater than 50 °C, increase the RSOC output ratio to 30% and reduce the throttle valve action of the thermal power unit; When the remaining power of the super capacitor SOC is less than 20%, first arrange it to charge and reduce the coordination ratio.

[0194] Take a 600MW coal-fired unit supporting a 5000MW new energy base in North China as an example. The system configuration is as follows: Super capacitor: 100MW / 20MW·h (original 300MW / 60MW·h), response time <100ms, efficiency 92%; RSOC: 180MW (original 150MW), electrolysis efficiency 85%, fuel cell efficiency 88%, hydrogen storage tank capacity 3500kg (original 3000kg); Renewable energy: Wind power 200MW, photovoltaic 300MW; Thermal power unit: Base load 400MW, maximum output 600MW, ramp rate 30MW / minute.

[0195] Scenario 1: Coordination between the sudden increase of wind power at night in winter and the low load of the thermal power unit;

[0196] When the wind power suddenly increases from 200MW to 300MW (excess 100MW) and the thermal power unit is at 50% load (300MW):

[0197] 1. The super capacitor quickly supports: Detect that the frequency drops by 0.3 Hz, and absorb the excess wind power (original 150MW) with a charging power of 50MW within 0.1 seconds, and at the same time provide 20MW of auxiliary power to the thermal power unit to maintain its minimum technical output of 300MW; The 4MW waste heat generated by charging is used to preheat the RSOC (original 12MW), and its temperature rises at a rate of 60 °C / minute (original 50 °C / minute).

[0198] 2. RSOC and thermal power unit coordination: After 12 minutes, the RSOC temperature reaches 650℃ (originally 15 minutes), and the electrolysis mode is started. The power is set to 40MW (originally 75MW), and the remaining 10MW is absorbed by the supercapacitor; the thermal power unit maintains an output of 300MW, and the hydrogen produced by electrolysis increases by 102kg per hour (originally 191kg), which is stored in the high-pressure tank.

[0199] 3. Effects: Traditional solution: thermal power units need to be reduced to 200MW (below the minimum technical output), resulting in unstable combustion and 15MW·h of curtailed air volume; This invention: thermal power units operate safely with 0 curtailed air volume, frequency regulation response time is reduced from 15 minutes to 4 minutes (originally 3 minutes), and high-pressure cylinder thermal stress is reduced by 35% (originally 40%).

[0200] Scenario 2: Synergy between sudden drop in solar PV power at midday in summer and full-load operation of thermal power units

[0201] When photovoltaic power suddenly drops from 300MW to 225MW (a shortfall of 75MW), while thermal power units have already reached their maximum output of 600MW:

[0202] 1. Supercapacitor response: Discharges at 20MW power within 0.1 seconds (originally 60MW), with frequency deviation reduced from 0.25Hz to 0.15Hz (originally 0.1Hz).

[0203] 2. RSOC Energy Release: Activate fuel cell mode to generate 45MW of power (originally 40MW) to supplement the power shortage of thermal power units;

[0204] 3. Results: The frequency recovered to 50±0.08Hz within 1.2 minutes (originally 1 minute), the thermal power unit maintained full-load economic operation, the coal consumption for power supply decreased from 300g / kWh to 292g / kWh (originally 290g / kWh), and the photovoltaic absorption rate reached 97% (originally 98%).

[0205] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0206] 1. Improved safety of frequency regulation in thermal power plants: Supercapacitors and RSOC work together to handle 60% of the instantaneous frequency regulation power (originally 60%-70%), reducing the rate of change of the valve opening of thermal power units from 15% / second to below 7% / second, reducing the number of thermal stress cycles by 35% (originally 45%), extending equipment life by more than 25% (originally 30%), and extending the maintenance cycle of 600MW units from 12 months to 16 months (originally 18 months).

[0207] 2. Balance between economic efficiency and environmental protection: Through RSOC electro-hydrogen conversion, the proportion of operating time in the economic output range of thermal power units has been increased from 60% to 80% (from 85%), the power generation efficiency has been increased by 2.2% (from 2.5%), the annual fuel cost has been reduced by RMB 6.5 million (from RMB 8 million), and the wind and solar curtailment rate has been reduced from 25% to below 6% (from 5%), with an annual carbon reduction of 28,000 tons (from 30,000 tons).

[0208] 3. System response adaptability optimization: The overall frequency regulation response time has been shortened from 2 seconds in traditional thermal power to within 600ms (originally 500ms), and the frequency deviation recovery time is less than 4 minutes (originally 2 minutes), meeting the basic requirements of the new power system for frequency regulation resources of "second-level response and minute-level continuity". In a field test in a power grid in North China, the system reduced the frequency regulation assessment index RTIE from 1.5 to 1.0 (originally 0.8).

[0209] 4. Life cycle cost optimization: Through multi-objective optimization, the combined investment payback period of thermal power units and energy storage units is shortened from 7 years to 5.8 years (from 5.5 years), and the LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) is reduced by 10% (from 12%), providing a more cost-effective technical path for the flexible transformation of coal-fired power plants.

[0210] This invention provides a mechanical-chemical dual-path coupling frequency regulation system and its operation method for high-proportion renewable energy grid integration scenarios. This system deeply integrates the millisecond-level power buffering capability of supercapacitors, the bidirectional electro-hydrogen conversion capability of reversible solid oxide batteries (RSOCs), and the base load regulation capability of thermal power units. This addresses the problems of slow response in traditional thermal power frequency regulation and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technologies, achieving synergistic optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient renewable energy consumption.

[0211] The technical solution provided by this invention includes a multi-energy flow collaborative core component, comprising a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit, and a thermal power unit collaborative module; a three-dimensional coupling collaborative link, including electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling; the supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter; the supercapacitor energy storage unit integrates a temperature management system, operating in an environment of -20℃ to 80℃, and its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the regulating valve action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation to ensure a smooth power transition during frequency regulation; the hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device, the stack module comprising a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. By coupling the heat pipe heat exchanger with the exhaust system of the thermal power unit, the waste heat of 300-500℃ is used to increase the heating rate of the RSOC start-up stage from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction. The thermal power unit collaborative module's electro-hydraulic regulation system DEH is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal. The steam turbine valve opening command is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative PID algorithm, expanding the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-valve action to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the valve action advance amount reaches 50-100ms. This system solves the problems of sluggish frequency regulation response of traditional thermal power and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technology, and realizes the synergistic optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient consumption of renewable energy.

[0212] The various steps in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed by an electronic device. This electronic device includes, but is not limited to, tablet computers, portable PCs, and desktop computers.

[0213] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein, when the program is running, it controls the electronic device containing the computer-readable storage medium to execute the above-described embodiment of the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation method.

[0214] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 21 includes a processor 211, a memory 212, and a computer program 213 stored in the memory 212 and executable on the processor 211. When the computer program 213 is executed by the processor 211, it implements the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation method in the embodiment. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0215] Electronic device 21 includes, but is not limited to, processor 211 and memory 212. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 3This is merely an example of electronic device 21 and does not constitute a limitation on electronic device 21. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, electronic device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0216] The processor 211 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0217] The memory 212 can be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 21, such as a hard disk or RAM of the electronic device 21. The memory 212 can also be an external storage device of the electronic device 21, such as a plug-in hard disk, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, or FlashCard equipped on the electronic device 21. Furthermore, the memory 212 can include both internal and external storage units of the electronic device 21. The memory 212 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by network devices. The memory 212 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0218] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0219] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power frequency regulation system, characterized in that, The system includes: The core components for multi-energy flow collaboration include a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit, and a thermal power unit collaborative module; the three-dimensional coupling collaborative link includes electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling. The supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit via a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor unit integrates a temperature management system, operating in an environment of -20℃ to 80℃. Its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the regulating valve action characteristics of the thermal power unit through co-simulation to ensure a smooth power transition during frequency regulation. The hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device. The stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. It is connected to the thermal power unit's exhaust system via a heat pipe heat exchanger. The flue gas system is coupled, utilizing the waste heat of 300-500℃ to increase the heating rate of the RSOC start-up phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction; the thermal power unit's collaborative module's electro-hydraulic regulation system DEH is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and dynamically adjusts the turbine valve opening command through a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative PID algorithm, expanding the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-valve action to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the valve action advance amount reaches 50-100ms.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical coupling is as follows: the supercapacitor and RSOC are connected in parallel to the low-voltage side of the excitation transformer of the thermal power unit, forming a three-level power regulation channel of supercapacitor-RSOC-thermal power unit; when the frequency deviation is less than 0.2Hz, only the thermal power unit participates in regulation; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.2Hz and less than 0.5Hz, the supercapacitor and the thermal power unit cooperate; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz, all three operate in conjunction to reduce the frequency regulation power fluctuation of the thermal power unit from ±15MW to below ±8MW. The thermal coupling is as follows: the high-temperature waste heat of the RSOC stack is recovered through the heat transfer oil circuit and used to heat the fuel gas of the thermal power unit; the 50-80℃ waste heat generated by the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is used to preheat the RSOC intake air, forming a waste heat cascade utilization chain of thermal power unit exhaust - RSOC - supercapacitor. The control coupling is as follows: The Energy Management System (EMS) adopts a hierarchical control architecture. The upper layer generates a 24-hour energy storage scheduling plan based on weather forecasts and load predictions, while the lower layer performs second-level collaborative control based on real-time data from the Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). The system achieves bidirectional data interaction with the DCS system of the thermal power unit through the industrial communication protocol OPC UA.

3. A method for frequency regulation of a supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation system as described in claim 1, and the method includes: Step 1: Model the multiphysics coupling and define the parameters interactively; Step 2: Based on Step 1, perform stratified processing of frequency deviations in the frequency regulation blind zone of thermal power plants; Step 3: Based on Step 2, construct a dual energy storage synergy strategy for thermal stress control of thermal power units; Step 4: Based on Step 3, determine the multi-constraint safety control for the lifespan of thermal power units; Step 5: Based on step 4, perform multi-objective optimization based on the life cycle of the thermal power unit.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 1 includes: A dynamic response model for supercapacitors is established, and the state equation for supercapacitor energy storage is created to address the power deficit during the initial stage of frequency regulation in thermal power units. The expression is as follows: ； in, For a moment t Supercapacitor energy storage, its value range is affected and constraint, and They are time points Minimum and maximum energy storage values ​​of supercapacitors; For a moment t -1 supercapacitor energy storage; The charging and discharging power is the maximum charging and discharging power it receives. limit; A 60-second interval is used, consistent with the sampling period of the thermal power unit's DEH system, to ensure data synchronization; the supercapacitor dynamic response model is corrected by fitting the internal resistance variation curve of the supercapacitor at different temperatures. temperature coefficient, For energy storage efficiency; The RSOC electro-hydrogen conversion and heat transfer coupling model, with the following expression for hydrogen storage in electrolysis mode: ； in, For a moment t The quality of stored hydrogen is affected by the maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. limit; For a moment t -1 hydrogen storage mass; For electrolysis power, satisfy And the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output. This represents the maximum value of the electrolysis power. Electrolysis efficiency is positively correlated with the RSOC operating temperature; This is the higher calorific value of hydrogen. The expression for power generation in fuel cell mode is: ； in, For power generation, it is affected by limit, This represents the maximum power output. To consume hydrogen mass, to meet ; For power generation efficiency; The expression for waste heat utilization of thermal power units is: ； in, To achieve RSOC intake temperature, the opening of the waste heat valve is controlled to... ; The exhaust gas temperature of the thermal power unit. For heat transfer efficiency; The ambient temperature; The expression for the frequency regulation characteristic model of thermal power units is: ； in, This refers to the power output of the thermal power unit. Base load power; As a frequency modulation adjustment, it is affected by the ramp rate. Constraints, and satisfy , and These represent the minimum and maximum power values ​​of the thermal power unit, respectively; the frequency regulation characteristic model of the thermal power unit is established by collecting thermal stress data of the thermal power unit under different loads. Safety adjustment boundaries.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step 2 includes: Real-time frequency monitoring and frequency regulation capability assessment are achieved by collecting grid frequency data through synchronous phasor measurement units (PMUs) deployed at key substations. Calculation and Rated Values The deviation, its deviation The expression is: ； The expression for simultaneously assessing the current frequency regulation capability of thermal power units is: ； in, This provides the real-time available frequency-regulating power for thermal power units. when and At rated power, the energy storage coordination mechanism is triggered; The time-scale hierarchical allocation of frequency-regulated power, with the dominant layer expression for thermal power units being: ； in, Rated power of thermal power units This is the thermal power regulation coefficient, with a value of 300MW / Hz, used to reflect the static regulation characteristics of thermal power units to frequency deviation; For system capacity; The proportion borne by thermal power is set at 0.4 to ensure... exist Within the range; The expression for the supercapacitor collaborative layer is: ； in, This refers to the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor. This is the supercapacitor regulation coefficient, with a value of 500MW / Hz, used to reflect its fast response advantage; The value is set at 0.5 to cover the power shortfall during the speed regulation delay period of thermal power units. The RSOC support layer expression is: ； in, The rated discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell, This is the RSOC adjustment coefficient, with a value of 200MW / Hz, used to account for its thermal inertia delay; The value is 0.1, representing the proportion of responsibility undertaken, and is used to ensure long-term energy balance. Total system capacity represents the total power capacity of the power grid or related systems; Layered processing logic: When a sudden drop in frequency is detected, the DEH system of the thermal power unit synchronously issues a valve opening command. During this stage, the supercapacitor assumes 50% of the power deficit to prevent excessive valve movement from causing the turbine axial displacement to exceed the limit. After the valve opening command is issued, the power of the thermal power unit begins to climb, and the supercapacitor continues to support it for 60 seconds. At this time, the thermal power unit reaches 80% of the frequency regulation output. During this period, the RSOC completes preheating and starts up, taking over to assume the remaining 20% ​​power deficit.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step 3 includes: The supercapacitor's dynamic power buffer, when the frequency deviation is greater than 0.3Hz, performs a millisecond-level response, the expression of which is: ； in, This refers to the discharge power of the supercapacitor. This represents the maximum discharge power of the supercapacitor. This refers to the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor. Simultaneously satisfy: , The available power of the supercapacitor; the spatiotemporal energy transfer between RSOC and thermal power units, hydrogen storage during off-peak periods: when the output of the thermal power unit is less than 10% of the base load power, RSOC starts electrolysis mode, the expression of which is: ； in, For wind power, For photovoltaic power, For load power; The value is set to 0.7 to ensure that the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output; the hydrogen produced in this stage is stored in a high-pressure tank to reserve energy for the midday load peak the next day. Peak-hour hydrogen release: When the grid load exceeds the maximum output of the thermal power unit, the RSOC switches to fuel cell mode, as expressed in the following formula: ； Joint frequency regulation logic chain: After frequency deviation is triggered, the supercapacitor responds within 0.1 seconds, taking on 50% of the deficit, and the thermal power unit's DEH system operates synchronously; within 2-60 seconds, the supercapacitor continues to support, the RSOC uses the waste heat of the thermal power unit to heat up, and the power of the thermal power unit climbs; after 60 seconds, the RSOC reaches the rated operating temperature, takes over the 20% deficit from the supercapacitor, the supercapacitor enters the charging state, and the thermal power unit maintains base load regulation.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 4 includes: The interaction between dual energy storage and thermal power, with supercapacitors supporting the boundary, is expressed as follows: ； RSOC thermal safety constraints, the expression of which is: ； The minimum output of a thermal power unit is expressed as follows: ； Energy balance and frequency quality control, and power supply and demand balance, are expressed as follows: ； in, This is used to ensure real-time power balance; This refers to the charging and discharging power. The frequency quality index is expressed as follows: ； in, For any time within the integration time period frequency deviation, This is the integration time variable, used to iterate through the entire integration time interval; Control the integral value of the frequency deviation to meet the power grid assessment requirements; Safety control logic: When the vibration of the thermal power unit exceeds 80μm or the main steam temperature exceeds 540℃, it automatically switches to the energy storage priority mode: the supercapacitor undertakes 100% of the frequency regulation power, and the thermal power unit maintains the current output; the RSOC quickly releases 50% of the stored hydrogen to ensure frequency stability within 30 minutes; after the thermal power unit recovers, it gradually switches back to the collaborative mode at a rate of 5% per minute.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 5 includes: Construct an objective function with the core objective of minimizing the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, the expression of which is: ； in, To minimize the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, For fuel costs, To reduce the maintenance costs of supercapacitors, For RSOC operation and maintenance costs, To incur penalties, Costs related to aging; , For fuel prices, For power generation efficiency; , The aging factor quantifies the life loss caused by thermal stress in thermal power units. Iterative optimization strategies based on load characteristics: Baseload optimization: Typical daily load curves of thermal power units are generated using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), and the energy storage synergy ratio is optimized. Base load period: Supercapacitors bear 30%, RSOC bears 20%, and thermal power units bear 50%, maintaining thermal power units at 80%-100% of rated power; During off-peak periods: Supercapacitors bear 50% of the burden, RSOCs bear 40%, and thermal power units bear 10%. Start-stop optimization: When the frequency deviation is greater than 0.5Hz and the thermal power unit has reached its maximum output, the RSOC emergency energy release is triggered, and its expression is: ； in, For RSOC emergency energy release power, This represents the maximum power of the RSOC. Extending unplanned downtime intervals to over 8,000 hours reduces start-up and shutdown costs by 15%-20%; Optimize the solution logic: Use the Gurobi solver and dynamically adjust the energy storage strategy in combination with real-time data from the DCS of the thermal power unit: When the temperature difference of the main steam pipeline is greater than 50°C, increase the RSOC output ratio to 30% and reduce the valve operation of the thermal power unit; when the remaining SOC of the supercapacitor is less than 20%, arrange it to charge first and reduce the coordination ratio.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the frequency regulation method for supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power as described in any one of claims 3 to 8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: one or more processors; Memory; And one or more computer programs, wherein the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory, the one or more computer programs including instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform the supercapacitive combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation method according to any one of claims 3 to 8.

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