A railroad tie

Abstract

The application provides a sleeper, relates to the technical field of railway tracks, and comprises a sleeper body, a rail lifting assembly and a gasket. The sleeper body comprises a rail bearing groove and a rail lifting through hole, the rail lifting through hole is arranged through the sleeper body in the vertical direction, the rail lifting assembly comprises a rail lifting screw and a rail lifting plate, the rail lifting screw is threadedly connected in the rail lifting through hole, and one end of the rail lifting screw extends out of the rail lifting through hole, the rail lifting plate comprises a plate body and an abutting column, the plate body is arranged in the rail bearing groove, and one end of the abutting column extends into the rail lifting through hole. The gasket is arranged between the rail lifting plate and the rail bearing groove. The sleeper comprises a bearing state and an adjustment state, in the bearing state, the stress of the rail is transmitted to the rail bearing groove through the rail lifting plate and the gasket in sequence, and the abutting column and the rail lifting screw are separated from each other; in the adjustment state, the rail lifting screw is configured to rotate and can push the abutting column to rise. The sleeper can avoid using the hydraulic rail lifter which is easy to cause many problems, and can realize more convenient and rapid gasket replacement operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway track technology, and specifically to a railway sleeper. Background Technology

[0002] Railway sleepers are key components in railway track structures that directly support the rails. They are typically laid laterally beneath the rails and on the ballast bed. Sleepers are one of the "skeletons" or "foundations" of the railway, and their core functions include supporting the rails (bearing the enormous pressure transmitted by the rails when trains pass), fixing the track gauge (maintaining the standard distance between two rails through a precisely designed rail groove and fastening system), transmitting loads (distributing the weight of the train borne by the rails to the ballast bed below), and maintaining track stability (resisting longitudinal creep and lateral displacement of the rails, ensuring smooth train operation).

[0003] Due to changes in the foundation and track bed, shims often need to be installed (or replaced) on the sleepers after a period of use. However, the existing shim replacement work is quite cumbersome and often requires the cooperation of multiple people, resulting in low efficiency and inconvenience in shim replacement work.

[0004] Therefore, designing a sleeper structure that enables more convenient and quick replacement of shims has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems in the related art, the present invention provides a railway sleeper, which enables more convenient and quick replacement of the pads.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A railway sleeper, comprising:

[0008] A sleeper body is used to be installed on a track bed. The sleeper body includes a rail-bearing groove and a rail-lifting through hole. The rail-bearing groove is used to support the rail. The rail-lifting through hole is provided vertically through the sleeper body. The first end of the rail-lifting through hole extends into the rail-bearing groove, and the second end of the rail-lifting through hole extends to the bottom surface of the sleeper body. Furthermore, the inner wall of the rail-lifting through hole is at least partially formed with internal threads.

[0009] A rail lifting assembly includes a rail lifting screw and a rail lifting plate. The rail lifting screw is threaded into the rail lifting through hole, and one end of the rail lifting screw extends out of the second end of the rail lifting through hole. The rail lifting plate includes a plate body and an abutment post connected to each other. The plate body is disposed in the rail bearing groove and is used to support the rail. The end of the abutment post away from the plate body extends into the first end of the rail lifting through hole.

[0010] A shim is disposed between the lifting rail plate and the rail bearing groove;

[0011] The sleeper includes a load-bearing state and an adjustment state. In the load-bearing state, the force on the rail is transmitted sequentially through the lifting plate and the shim to the rail bearing groove, and the abutment post is separated from the lifting screw. In the adjustment state, the lifting screw is configured to rotate and push the abutment post upward so that the lifting plate is separated from the rail bearing groove to facilitate the replacement of the shim.

[0012] Optionally, the sleeper body further includes two fastener bolt holes for installing fasteners. The two fastener bolt holes are spaced apart in the rail bearing groove along the length direction of the sleeper body, and in the vertical direction, the projection of the rail lifting plate falls between the projections of the two fastener bolt holes.

[0013] Optionally, the lifting screw includes a screw section and an operating section connected to each other. The outer wall of the screw section is formed with an external thread that matches the internal thread, so that the screw section is threadedly connected to the lifting through hole. The operating section extends at least partially from the second end. The operating section is configured as a block structure and is used for clamping by a clamping tool.

[0014] Optionally, the operating section is formed with an operating through hole extending in a horizontal direction, the operating through hole being used for inserting a rod-shaped tool.

[0015] Optionally, a portion of the screw section extends out from the second end, and the sleeper further includes a protective cylinder. One end of the protective cylinder is recessed inward to form a protective cavity, which is used to accommodate the operating section and a portion of the screw section. The inner wall of the protective cylinder is configured to be threadedly connected to the screw section.

[0016] In the load-bearing state, the protective cylinder is threadedly connected to the screw section, and the protective cylinder abuts against the bottom surface of the sleeper body and is used to block the rail lifting through hole.

[0017] Optionally, the lifting plate (22) is set as a basalt fiber plate, and the lifting distance H of the lifting plate (22) satisfies: H≤1cm.

[0018] Optionally, the gasket is formed in a U-shape.

[0019] Optionally, the gasket is provided in two parts, and the U-shaped gasket includes a first piece and a second piece disposed opposite to each other, and a third piece connected between the first piece and the second piece;

[0020] In the bearing state, the two gaskets are stacked, with the first and second pieces of the upper gasket placed on the third piece of the lower gasket, and the third piece of the upper gasket placed on the first and second pieces of the lower gasket.

[0021] Optionally, the first sheet, the second sheet, and the third sheet are respectively formed with a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of grooves, and the plurality of protrusions and the plurality of grooves are arranged at intervals between each other;

[0022] In the bearing state, the protrusion on the upper gasket is inserted into the groove on the lower gasket, and the protrusion on the lower gasket is inserted into the groove on the lower gasket.

[0023] Optionally, the U-shaped gasket further includes an alignment strip, which is connected to the third piece and has the same thickness as the gasket.

[0024] In the bearing state, the alignment strip of the upper gasket smoothly abuts against the first and second pieces of the lower gasket, and the alignment strip of the lower gasket smoothly abuts against the first and second pieces of the upper gasket.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. Through the above technical solution, firstly, when it is necessary to replace the shims, the sleeper of the present invention does not need to use a hydraulic track jack, which can not only effectively simplify the operation process of replacing shims and reduce the difficulty of operation, but also effectively avoid the corresponding problems that may be caused by using a hydraulic track jack.

[0027] Secondly, when replacing the shims, the rotation of the lifting screw of the sleeper of the present invention can be completed by a single person, without the need for multiple people to cooperate or call for response when lifting and lowering, which can significantly reduce the personnel configuration requirements and reduce the intensity of work.

[0028] Third, when the sleeper of the present invention is raised, the threaded transmission control between the lifting screw and the lifting through hole can not only accurately control the lifting height, but also ensure that the rail rises in the vertical direction. Thus, when the rail is lowered, it can effectively avoid lateral displacement or twisting of the rail, fundamentally avoiding problems such as gauge expansion / contraction, triangular pits, and directional deviation.

[0029] Fourth, in the load-bearing state, the rail load is transferred sequentially through the lifting plate, shims, and rail bearing groove, and the abutment post and lifting screw are separated from each other, which can ensure that the sleeper body directly bears the force. Furthermore, in the adjustment state, it is only necessary to operate from below the corresponding sleeper and locally lift a single rail. Compared with hydraulic track lifting machines, it will not cause excessive disturbance to adjacent sleepers and the track bed, and can effectively ensure the stability of the track structure.

[0030] Fifth, the rail lifting assembly of the present invention is completely hidden inside the sleeper body, which can be seamlessly compatible with most existing track facilities and has good adaptability.

[0031] Sixth, in practice, rail welds and insulation joints are generally not allowed to be located directly above sleepers. This is because welds require specific welding equipment and materials, and sleepers would interfere with the welding process. Furthermore, when welds are located on sleepers, their stress distribution is poor, easily leading to multiple stress concentrations and increasing the risk of fatigue cracks and fractures. Additionally, welds on sleepers are difficult to grind. Insulation joints are also generally not allowed to be located above sleepers for similar reasons. Therefore, the rail lifting assembly of this invention acts precisely on the rail directly above the sleeper, effectively ensuring that the lifting process avoids rail welds and insulation joints, thus effectively guaranteeing the structural reliability of the rail and reducing operational risks.

[0032] 2. Other beneficial effects or advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] in:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of existing railway sleepers and their pads;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a railway sleeper provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a sleeper body provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a railway sleeper provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point A;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a gasket provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of two gaskets in a load-bearing state provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a lifting rail plate provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of the labels in the attached drawings:

[0044] 100-Rail; 200-Fastener; 1-Sleeper body; 11-Rail bearing groove; 12-Raising rail through hole; 13-Fastener bolt hole; 2-Raising rail assembly; 21-Raising rail screw; 211-Screw section; 212-Operating section; 2121-Operating through hole; 22-Raising rail plate; 221-Plate body; 222-Abutting post; 3-Shim; 31-First piece; 32-Second piece; 33-Third piece; 34-Protrusion; 35-Groove; 36-Alignment strip; 4-Protective cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0046] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0047] To facilitate understanding by relevant technical personnel, the existing related technologies will be explained in more detail below.

[0048] Firstly, the placement of shims on the sleepers (placed between the rails and the sleepers, also known as rail shims) is an important design feature of railway track systems, and its main functions include two aspects:

[0049] First, it serves as an energy absorber and buffer. This is because train wheels generate huge dynamic loads when passing over rails. The elastic materials of the shims (rubber, thermoplastic polyester, etc.) can absorb high-frequency vibration and impact energy, which helps prevent concrete sleepers from cracking or chipping due to hard contact. At the same time, the shims can also play a certain role in noise reduction.

[0050] Secondly, shims serve to fine-tune the rail surface elevation. After long-term use, due to foundation settlement, changes in the ballast bed, and rail wear, the rail surface elevation may decrease or increase. To restore the designed rail surface elevation and ensure the smoothness of the track (avoiding unevenness, levelness, and triangular potholes), shims of different thicknesses are typically replaced. Shims provide millimeter-level fine-tuning, playing a crucial role in the smoothness and safety of modern railways.

[0051] In existing related technologies, the general procedure for replacing gaskets is as follows:

[0052] 1. Check the tools and materials.

[0053] Confirm that the tools are in good condition and usable. Tools generally include track gauges, hydraulic track lifters, small flat shovels, wrenches, chalk, etc., and materials generally include shims of different thicknesses.

[0054] 2. Organize the pry bar and distribute the pads.

[0055] Mark the required shim thickness on the surface of each sleeper (the required shim thickness can be marked on the surface of the corresponding sleeper with chalk), and then distribute the shims according to the marked information, first shims the standard strands and then the opposite strands.

[0056] 3. Loosen the fastener nuts.

[0057] If the fasteners become loose, the corresponding fastener nuts for the sleeper and pads need to be replaced. The number of fasteners that become loose at one time should not exceed the number specified in the relevant regulations.

[0058] 4. Use a hydraulic track jack to lift the rails.

[0059] First, clear the loose ballast under the two adjacent sleepers on the track bed, and then prepare a relatively flat support surface (if the support surface is not strong enough, it needs to be compacted or the ballast needs to be cleared until the support is sufficient). Place the hydraulic track jack on the working surface between the two adjacent sleepers (with the corresponding fasteners loosened), and then start the hydraulic track jack to lift the rail (the lifting height should not exceed 10mm to 20mm). The hydraulic track jack must not be placed on insulated joints or rail welds. The hydraulic track jack must be used by designated personnel, and calls should be made to respond when lifting and lowering the track.

[0060] 5. Replace the gasket and tighten the fasteners.

[0061] Use a small flat shovel to insert a new shim or remove the original shim (during this process, fingers must not be inserted into the gap between the sleeper surface and the rail base), place it in place (the shim must be in the correct position, without skewing or shifting), and then tighten the corresponding fastener.

[0062] 6. Work review and inspection.

[0063] The person in charge of the work uses a gauge ruler to check the quality of the work and ensure that all work procedures and quality standards are met.

[0064] 7. Finishing touches.

[0065] Put away tools, level and compact the track bed, and clean up the site to ensure that "work is completed, materials are removed, and the site is clean".

[0066] Based on the above work process, it can be seen that when replacing the shims, the existing related technologies require the use of a hydraulic track jack to lift the rails. The hydraulic track jack requires a dedicated person to operate it and to call and respond to the lifting and lowering calls. The overall operation is relatively cumbersome, and the efficiency of shim replacement is relatively low.

[0067] Meanwhile, the following problems may occur when using a hydraulic track jack to lift the rails:

[0068] First, the track gauge may increase or decrease. This is because the use of a hydraulic track jack may cause a certain lateral displacement of the rails, resulting in a track gauge deviation.

[0069] Second, there are issues with level and height exceeding limits. Uneven lifting height on one side can cause triangular pits (torsional unevenness), leading to train swaying. Current technical requirements generally stipulate a height difference of ≤2mm over a 10m chord. However, when lifting rails on the same side between different sleepers, the foundation elevation of the hydraulic track lifter varies, resulting in different lifting heights at different positions on one side of the rail, which can potentially cause triangular pits.

[0070] Third, directional deviation. If the rail is not accurately reset after being lifted, the rail centerline will deviate from the design position (this problem is more likely to occur on curved sections), which may cause the wheel flange to hit the rail head, resulting in an abnormally increased rate of rail wear.

[0071] Fourth, the ballast edges are broken. When a hydraulic track jack is carrying rails, it applies a large amount of pressure to the ballast at the bottom of the jack, which may crush the stone ballast and accelerate the pulverization of the track bed.

[0072] Fifth, track lifting machine slippage. When the support surface or ballast of the hydraulic track lifting machine is uneven, the hydraulic track lifting machine is prone to tipping over, which may lead to rail twisting.

[0073] Therefore, when using a hydraulic track jack to lift rails, it is necessary to strictly follow the operating procedures and pay close attention to the strength and flatness of the support surface of the hydraulic track jack. To achieve the goal of replacing shims without causing further problems, the overall operation is quite inconvenient.

[0074] In view of this, the present invention provides a novel solution, namely, by optimizing the structure of the sleeper, without affecting its load-bearing capacity, avoiding the use of hydraulic track jacks that are prone to causing many problems, and enabling more convenient and faster pad replacement operations.

[0075] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0076] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a railway sleeper, including a sleeper body 1, a rail lifting assembly 2, and a pad 3. The sleeper body 1 is used to be installed on the track bed. The sleeper body 1 includes a rail bearing groove 11 and a rail lifting through hole 12. The rail bearing groove 11 is used to support the rail 100. The rail lifting through hole 12 is provided vertically through the sleeper body 1. The first end of the rail lifting through hole 12 extends into the rail bearing groove 11, and the second end of the rail lifting through hole 12 extends to the bottom surface of the sleeper body 1. Furthermore, the inner wall of the rail lifting through hole 12 is at least partially formed with internal threads.

[0077] The rail lifting assembly 2 includes a rail lifting screw 21 and a rail lifting plate 22. The rail lifting screw 21 is threaded into the rail lifting through hole 12, and one end of the rail lifting screw 21 extends out of the second end of the rail lifting through hole 12. The rail lifting plate 22 includes a plate body 221 and an abutment post 222 connected to each other. The plate body 221 is disposed in the rail bearing groove 11 and is used to support the rail 100. The end of the abutment post 222 away from the plate body 221 extends into the first end of the rail lifting through hole 12. A gasket 3 is disposed between the rail lifting plate 22 and the rail bearing groove 11.

[0078] The sleeper includes a loaded state and an adjustable state. In the loaded state, the force on the rail 100 is transmitted sequentially to the rail bearing groove 11 through the lifting plate 22 and the shim 3, and the abutment post 222 is separated from the lifting screw 21. In the adjustable state, the lifting screw 21 is configured to rotate and push the abutment post 222 to rise, so that the lifting plate 22 is separated from the rail bearing groove 11, so as to facilitate the replacement of the shim 3.

[0079] To facilitate a clearer and more accurate understanding of the technical solution of this invention by those skilled in the art, the process of replacing the sleeper pad 3 of this invention will be described below.

[0080] When it is necessary to replace the shim 3, firstly, clean the ballast of the corresponding sleeper to expose the end of the lifting screw 21 that extends out of the lifting through hole 12, and loosen the corresponding fastener 200. Then, use a tool (e.g., a wrench) to rotate the lifting screw 21. The lifting screw 21 rotates and moves upward. During this process, the lifting screw 21 will push the abutment post 222 upward, thereby causing the lifting plate 22 to lift the rail 100. At this time, a certain gap appears between the lifting plate 22 and the rail bearing groove 11. The operator can then remove the original shim 3 from the horizontal direction and place the new shim 3 into the rail bearing groove 11 and adjust it to be directly below the lifting plate 22. Then, rotate the lifting screw 21 in the opposite direction so that the lifting plate 22 and the rail 100 move down and finally press on the shim 3 (it is necessary to rotate the lifting screw 21 in the opposite direction several times to separate the lifting screw 21 from the abutment post 222). Then, the ballast can be backfilled.

[0081] Through the above technical solution, firstly, when it is necessary to replace the shim 3, the sleeper of the present invention does not need to use a hydraulic track jack, which can not only effectively simplify the operation process of replacing the shim 3 and reduce the operation difficulty, but also effectively avoid the corresponding problems that may be caused by using a hydraulic track jack (such as broken ballast edges, track jack slippage, and exceeding the horizontal and vertical limits).

[0082] Secondly, when replacing the shim 3, the rotation of the lifting screw 21 of the sleeper of the present invention can be completed by a single person (for example, using a wrench), without the need for multiple people to cooperate or call for response when lifting and lowering (in the prior art, one person usually controls the hydraulic track lifting machine while another person performs the replacement), which can significantly reduce the personnel configuration requirements and reduce the intensity of work.

[0083] Third, when the sleeper of the present invention is raised, due to the threaded transmission control between the lifting screw 21 and the lifting through hole 12, it can not only accurately control the lifting height (which can be controlled to the millimeter level for fine adjustment, for example, rotating the lifting screw 21 half a turn corresponds to 0.5mm), but also ensure that the rail 100 rises in the vertical direction. Thus, when the rail 100 is lowered, it can effectively prevent the rail 100 from lateral displacement or twisting, fundamentally avoiding the problems of gauge expansion / contraction, triangular pits, and directional deviation.

[0084] Fourth, in the load-bearing state, the load of the rail 100 is transmitted sequentially through the lifting plate 22, the pad 3, and the bearing groove 11. The abutment column 222 and the lifting screw 21 are separated from each other, which can ensure that the sleeper body 1 directly bears the force. Moreover, in the adjustment state, it is only necessary to operate from below the corresponding sleeper and locally lift a single rail 100. Compared with the hydraulic track lifting machine, it will not cause excessive disturbance to the adjacent sleepers and the track bed (the hydraulic track lifting machine needs to be placed on the track bed between two adjacent sleepers, which will not only disturb the adjacent sleepers, but also disturb the track bed), which can effectively ensure the stability of the track structure.

[0085] Fifth, the rail lifting assembly 2 of the present invention is completely hidden inside the sleeper body 1, and can be seamlessly compatible with most existing track facilities, thus having good adaptability.

[0086] Sixth, in practice, the welds and insulation joints of rail 100 are generally not allowed to be located directly above the sleeper. This is because welds require specific welding equipment and materials, and the sleeper would affect the welding process. Furthermore, when the weld (which is itself a relatively weak point of rail 100) is located on the sleeper, its stress distribution is poor, easily leading to the concentration of multiple stresses (the huge vertical force of wheel-rail contact, the support reaction force provided by the sleeper, the bending moment when the wheel passes, etc.), which can easily cause fatigue cracks and fractures. In addition, it is inconvenient to grind the weld when it is located on the sleeper. For similar reasons, insulation joints are generally not allowed to be located above the sleeper. Therefore, the rail lifting assembly 2 of this invention acts directly above the rail 100, effectively ensuring that the lifting avoids the welds and insulation joints of rail 100, effectively guaranteeing the structural reliability of rail 100 and reducing operational risks.

[0087] In this embodiment, it should be noted that, firstly, operating the lifting screw 21 will not affect the operation of the sleeper's load-bearing working surface of the present invention. This is because the lifting screw 21 of the present invention only requires a small operating space to complete the rotation. For example, only a small operating space (e.g., a space of 5cm×5cm) needs to be set in a part of the area below the sleeper corresponding to the lifting screw 21. This operating space is fully occupied by the ballast when the track is in normal use and will not affect the normal load-bearing capacity of the track.

[0088] Second, to ensure the operational reliability of the lifting screw 21, the part of the sleeper with the lifting through hole 12 can be reinforced. For example, the inner wall of the lifting through hole 12 can be made of steel or high-strength plastic and integrally formed during the manufacturing of the sleeper.

[0089] Third, the abutment post 222 of the present invention not only serves to transmit force (transmitting the thrust of the lifting screw 21 to the plate body 221), but also serves to guide (that is, after the gasket 3 is assembled, it cooperates with the lifting through hole 12 to form a vertical guiding effect). It can be understood that, in order to ensure the guiding effect of the abutment post 222, the abutment post 222 can be set to be relatively long so that the abutment post 222 is always located within the lifting through hole 12 during the adjustment process.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the sleeper body 1 of the present invention may further include two fastener bolt holes 13 for installing fasteners 200. The two fastener bolt holes 13 are spaced apart in the rail bearing groove 11 along the length direction of the sleeper body 1. In the vertical direction, the projection of the rail lifting plate 22 falls between the projections of the two fastener bolt holes 13.

[0091] In this way, the two fastener bolt holes 13 are consistent with the existing standard sleepers and can be well adapted to the existing fasteners 200, which can facilitate the reliable installation of fasteners 200 and thus the reliable installation of rails 100. Moreover, under load, the rail lifting plate 22 can avoid spatial interference with fasteners 200.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the lifting screw 21 of the present invention may include a screw section 211 and an operating section 212 connected to each other. The outer wall of the screw section 211 is formed with an external thread that matches the internal thread, so that the screw section 211 is threadedly connected to the lifting through hole 12. The operating section 212 extends at least partially from the second end. The operating section 212 is configured as a block structure and is used for clamping by a clamping tool.

[0093] Thus, by configuring the lifting screw 21 in this way, firstly, the operability problem in confined spaces can be solved. Specifically, due to the relatively narrow space around the sleeper (ballast filling, small spacing between adjacent sleepers), the block-shaped operating section 212 designed in this invention can be directly clamped with a general-purpose wrench (e.g., open-end wrench, socket wrench, etc.), achieving horizontal operation within the small operating space on the side of the sleeper, without the need for the longitudinal insertion space and sufficiently strong support surface required by the hydraulic track lifting machine. In this way, the risk of the track lifting machine tilting or slipping due to insufficient space or insufficient support force in traditional replacement methods can be effectively avoided, making it well-suited for most environments with limited operating space.

[0094] Secondly, it enables high-precision torque control and lifting fine-tuning. Specifically, the threaded drive of the screw section 211 converts rotational torque into linear lifting force, and the block-shaped operating section 212 provides a stable force-bearing plane, eliminating the risk of slippage or disengagement when applying force with a wrench or other tools (compared to a cylindrical rod). This allows for effective and reliable lifting force transmission. Simultaneously, the plane of the operating section 212 can fully conform to the wrench or other tools, allowing for higher precision rotation angle control, which in turn enables precise control of the lifting height, meeting the millimeter-level fine-tuning requirements of the shim 3 thickness.

[0095] Third, the design of separating the operating section 212 from the screw section 211 ensures that the clamping force of the tool is applied only to the operating section 212, which can prevent tools such as wrenches from directly clamping the threaded part, causing thread deformation or wear, and improving its service life.

[0096] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the operating section 212 of the present invention has an operating through hole 2121 extending in the horizontal direction, and the operating through hole 2121 is used for inserting a rod-shaped tool.

[0097] In this way, the operating through-hole 2121 can be adapted to more angles of force application (for the method of rotating the wrench by clamping the operating section 212, the force application direction needs to be horizontal or approximately horizontal), such as diagonally upward or diagonally downward, so that the rotation of the rail lifting screw 21 can be completed more conveniently in areas with limited lateral space (e.g., the distance between adjacent sleepers is too small, or there is a retaining wall or other fixed structure under the adjacent sleepers).

[0098] Meanwhile, the operating through hole 2121, which is designed in this way, can be adapted to any rod-shaped object (which must have sufficient strength, such as steel bars, iron rods, etc.), and can easily complete the rotation of the lifting screw 21 when the clamping tool fails.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, a portion of the screw section 211 of the present invention extends from the second end. The sleeper may also include a protective cylinder 4. One end of the protective cylinder 4 is recessed inward to form a protective cavity. The protective cavity is used to accommodate the operating section 212 and a portion of the screw section 211. The inner wall of the protective cylinder 4 is configured to be threadedly connected to the screw section 211. In the load-bearing state, the protective cylinder 4 is threadedly connected to the screw section 211. The protective cylinder 4 abuts against the bottom surface of the sleeper body 1 and is used to block the rail lifting through hole 12.

[0100] Thus, the protective cylinder 4, when configured in this way, can achieve the following effects: First, under load, the protective cylinder 4 can completely seal the second end of the rail lifting hole 12 and completely enclose the rail lifting screw 21, effectively preventing external debris (such as ballast particles, rainwater, de-icing agents, etc.) from entering the rail lifting hole 12, and providing enclosed protection for the rail lifting screw 21, eliminating the risks of corrosion, jamming, and accidental damage to the rail lifting screw 21 and the rail lifting hole 12.

[0101] Secondly, since the protective cylinder 4 is screwed into the screw section 211, and the screw section 211 is threaded into the rail lifting through hole 12, and the protective cylinder 4 abuts against the bottom surface of the sleeper, a double locking can be formed on the rail lifting screw 21, which can effectively prevent the rail lifting screw 21 from rotating unexpectedly due to vibration. At the same time, combined with the design that the rail lifting screw 21 and the abutment post 222 are separated from each other, it can effectively ensure that the rail lifting screw 21 will not accidentally push up the abutment post 222, thereby ensuring the stability of the rail 100 during normal operation.

[0102] It is understood that, in order to reduce manufacturing costs and ensure the protective effect, the protective cylinder 4 can be made of plastic or other low-cost anti-corrosion devices, and the present invention does not specifically limit this.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting plate 22 of the present invention can be set as a basalt fiber board, and the lifting distance H of the lifting plate 22 satisfies: H≤1cm.

[0104] Thus, firstly, the basalt fiberboard rail plate 22 has natural insulation properties, which can effectively prevent abnormal electrochemical corrosion caused by stray current loops between the metal rail plate 22 and the rail 100 and sleepers, thereby effectively improving the service life and safety of the rail 100. Furthermore, the basalt fiberboard rail plate 22 also has advantages such as corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, making it well-suited to the long-term use requirements of railways.

[0105] Second, when the lifting screw 21 pushes the abutment post 222, the lifting distance H of the lifting plate 22 is sufficient to meet the needs of replacing the shim 3 and meets the relevant technical standards (e.g., the lifting height limit when the rail 100 replaces the shim 3).

[0106] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the gasket 3 of the present invention is formed into a U-shaped structure.

[0107] Thus, firstly, to ensure that there are shims 3 under the lifting rail plate 22 to bear the force transmission, if a shim 3 is set on each side of the abutment post 222, it requires two insertion processes, which is time-consuming and requires adjusting the position of the shims 3 to accurately bear the force under the lifting rail plate 22. However, the U-shaped shim 3 of the present invention can not only be quickly inserted (only one U-shaped shim 3 needs to be inserted), but also the inserted U-shaped structure can abut against the abutment post 222, which facilitates quick adjustment of the position and state of the shim 3. In other words, the U-shaped shim 3 of the present invention has the advantages of high replacement efficiency and convenient adjustment.

[0108] Secondly, if a gasket 3 is provided on each side of the abutment post 222, the position and state of the two gaskets 3 need to be carefully adjusted to ensure that they fit snugly against both sides of the abutment post 222 and are smoothly positioned below the lifting rail plate 22, so as to achieve stable and reliable support for the lifting rail plate 22. However, the U-shaped gasket 3 of the present invention can automatically abut against the abutment post 222 through the U-shaped opening when inserted, which can quickly adjust its position and state, and effectively ensure stable and reliable support for the lifting rail plate 22.

[0109] In actual operation, the existing shim 3 is set between the rail 100 and the rail bearing groove 11, and its positional stability is maintained only by the friction with the rail 100 and the rail bearing groove 11. However, due to the vibration generated during normal railway operation, the shim 3 may often shift, which in turn affects the safety and reliability of railway operation.

[0110] In view of this, in one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the U-shaped gasket 3 can be configured as two pieces. The U-shaped gasket 3 includes a first piece 31 and a second piece 32 arranged opposite to each other, and a third piece 33 connected between the first piece 31 and the second piece 32. In the bearing state, the two gaskets 3 are stacked, and the first piece 31 and the second piece 32 of the upper gasket 3 are placed on the third piece 33 of the lower gasket 3, and the third piece 33 of the upper piece is placed on the first piece 31 and the second piece 32 of the lower gasket 3.

[0111] In this way, the two U-shaped gaskets 3 can achieve self-locking because a through hole can be formed between the two overlapping gaskets 3 for the abutment post 222 to pass through. Thus, during normal operation of the railway, the two gaskets 3 can achieve horizontal self-locking due to the obstruction of the abutment post 222, which can effectively prevent the gaskets 3 from shifting due to vibration, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of railway operation.

[0112] Meanwhile, the two U-shaped gaskets 3 arranged in this way can bear the pressure from the lifting plate 22 with a larger contact area compared to a single U-shaped gasket 3 (the upper third piece 33 spans the lower U-shaped opening, which can fill the suspended blind area of ​​a single U-shaped gasket 3), which can further ensure the bearing stability and bearing pressure uniformity of the lifting plate 22.

[0113] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6As shown, the first sheet 31, the second sheet 32 ​​and the third sheet 33 of the present invention are respectively formed with a plurality of protrusions 34 and a plurality of grooves 35, and the plurality of protrusions 34 and the plurality of grooves 35 are arranged at intervals. In the bearing state, the protrusions 34 on the upper pad 3 are inserted into the grooves 35 on the lower pad 3, and the protrusions 34 on the lower pad 3 are inserted into the grooves 35 on the lower pad 3.

[0114] In this way, the several protrusions 34 and grooves 35 arranged in this way can form a mechanical mortise and tenon, which can further improve the relative positional stability of the two U-shaped washers 3, and thus further improve their self-locking effect.

[0115] Understandably, please refer to Figure 6 To prevent some protrusions 34 or grooves 35 from getting stuck between the lifting rail through hole 12 and the abutment post 222 after deformation, thus affecting the normal lifting of the abutment post 222, protrusions 34 or grooves 35 can be omitted from the portion of the gasket 3 corresponding to the abutment post 222. That is, protrusions 34 or grooves 35 are not provided in the area where the first piece 31, the second piece 32, and the third piece 33 connect (e.g., ...). Figure 6 (as shown), to prevent it from deforming and getting stuck between the lifting rail through hole 12 and the abutment post 222, thus affecting the normal lifting of the abutment post 222.

[0116] Because the lifting plate 22 and the rail 100 obstruct the view, it is not easy for the operator to judge whether the two shims 3 are accurately positioned relative to each other after inserting and stacking the two shims 3 from both sides.

[0117] In view of this, in one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the U-shaped gasket 3 may also include an alignment strip 36, which is connected to the third piece 33 and has the same thickness as the gasket 3. In the bearing state, the alignment strip 36 of the upper gasket 3 smoothly abuts against the first piece 31 and the second piece 32 of the lower gasket 3.

[0118] In this way, the alignment strip 36 can serve as a visual reference for whether the two shims 3 are accurately placed relative to each other (generally, the size of the shim 3 will be slightly larger than the size of the lifting plate 22 to ensure that the force of the lifting plate 22 is fully transmitted, and correspondingly, the alignment strip 36 will not be blocked by the lifting plate 22). For example, after the operator inserts the two U-shaped shims 3 from the left and right sides, he can judge whether the two shims 3 are accurately placed relative to each other by observing whether the mating strips on both sides are smoothly aligned with the corresponding first piece 31 and second piece 32.

[0119] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A railway sleeper, characterized in that, include: A sleeper body (1) is used to be installed on the track bed. The sleeper body (1) includes a rail bearing groove (11) and a rail lifting through hole (12). The rail bearing groove (11) is used to support the rail (100). The rail lifting through hole (12) is provided through the sleeper body (1) in a vertical direction. The first end of the rail lifting through hole (12) extends into the rail bearing groove (11), and the second end of the rail lifting through hole (12) extends to the bottom surface of the sleeper body (1). The inner wall of the rail lifting through hole (12) is at least partially formed with internal threads. The rail lifting assembly (2) includes a rail lifting screw (21) and a rail lifting plate (22). The rail lifting screw (21) is threaded into the rail lifting through hole (12), and one end of the rail lifting screw (21) extends out of the second end of the rail lifting through hole (12). The rail lifting plate (22) includes a plate body (221) and an abutment post (222) connected to each other. The plate body (221) is disposed in the rail bearing groove (11) and is used to support the rail (100). The end of the abutment post (222) away from the plate body (221) extends into the first end of the rail lifting through hole (12). A gasket (3) is disposed between the lifting plate (22) and the bearing groove (11); The sleeper includes a load-bearing state and an adjustment state. In the load-bearing state, the force on the rail (100) is transmitted sequentially through the lifting plate (22) and the shim (3) to the rail bearing groove (11), and the abutment post (222) is separated from the lifting screw (21). In the adjustment state, the lifting screw (21) is configured to rotate and push the abutment post (222) to rise, so that the lifting plate (22) is separated from the rail bearing groove (11) to facilitate the replacement of the shim (3).

2. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeper body (1) also includes two fastener bolt holes (13), which are used to install fasteners (200). The two fastener bolt holes (13) are spaced apart in the rail bearing groove (11) along the length direction of the sleeper body (1), and in the vertical direction, the projection of the rail lifting plate (22) falls between the projections of the two fastener bolt holes (13).

3. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting screw (21) includes a screw section (211) and an operating section (212) connected to each other. The outer wall of the screw section (211) is formed with an external thread that matches the internal thread, so that the screw section (211) is threadedly connected to the lifting through hole (12). The operating section (212) extends at least partially from the second end. The operating section (212) is configured as a block structure and is used for clamping by a clamping tool.

4. The railway sleeper according to claim 3, characterized in that, An operating through hole (2121) extending in the horizontal direction is formed on the operating section (212), the operating through hole (2121) being used for inserting a rod-shaped tool.

5. The railway sleeper according to claim 4, characterized in that, Part of the screw section (211) extends out of the second end, and the sleeper also includes a protective cylinder (4), one end of which is recessed inward to form a protective cavity, the protective cavity being used to accommodate the operating section (212) and part of the screw section (211), and the inner wall of the protective cylinder (4) being configured to be threadedly connected to the screw section (211); In the bearing state, the protective cylinder (4) is threadedly connected to the screw section (211), and the protective cylinder (4) abuts against the bottom surface of the sleeper body (1) and is used to block the rail lifting through hole (12).

6. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting plate (22) is made of basalt fiber board, and the lifting distance H of the lifting plate (22) satisfies: H≤1cm.

7. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasket (3) is formed in a U-shape.

8. The railway sleeper according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gasket (3) is configured as two, and the U-shaped gasket (3) includes a first piece (31) and a second piece (32) disposed opposite to each other, and a third piece (33) connected between the first piece (31) and the second piece (32). In the bearing state, the two pads (3) are stacked, and the first piece (31) and the second piece (32) of the upper pad (3) are placed on the third piece (33) of the lower pad (3), and the third piece (33) of the upper pad is placed on the first piece (31) and the second piece (32) of the lower pad (3).

9. The railway sleeper according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first sheet (31), the second sheet (32) and the third sheet (33) are respectively formed with a plurality of protrusions (34) and a plurality of grooves (35), and the plurality of protrusions (34) and the plurality of grooves (35) are arranged at intervals between each other; In the bearing state, the protrusion (34) on the upper gasket (3) is inserted into the groove (35) on the lower gasket (3), and the protrusion (34) on the lower gasket (3) is inserted into the groove (35) on the lower gasket (3).

10. The railway sleeper according to claim 8, characterized in that, The U-shaped gasket (3) also includes an alignment strip (36), which is connected to the third piece (33) and the thickness of the alignment strip (36) is the same as the thickness of the gasket (3). In the bearing state, the alignment strip (36) of the upper gasket (3) smoothly abuts against the first piece (31) and the second piece (32) of the lower gasket (3), and the alignment strip (36) of the lower gasket (3) smoothly abuts against the first piece (31) and the second piece (32) of the upper gasket (3).

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