Switch cabinet monitoring system and method based on LoRa node identification

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial Internet of Things, in particular to a switch cabinet monitoring system and method based on LoRa node identification, and the method comprises the steps: starting a gateway node, judging whether the gateway node works normally, logging in a cloud platform, and checking whether the gateway node is successfully connected with the cloud platform through a protocol; on the premise that the gateway node normally works, starting the common node, judging whether the common node correctly accesses the network or not, and normally working; the gateway node is placed in an instrument room of the switch cabinet, and the common nodes are deployed in each chamber in the switch cabinet in a distributed manner to monitor each place in the switch cabinet in real time; a network runs, cluster member nodes preferentially upload data in an active window according to a time division multiplexing mechanism, the method utilizes LoRa node identification to realize static clustering, a scheduling mechanism of time division multiplexing sequentially selects a cluster head in a cluster, and a clustering routing protocol is small in actual calculation amount, can be applied to an embedded system with low cost and relatively weak operation, and has a wide application prospect. And the stability is very high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of industrial Internet of Things, and in particular to a switch cabinet monitoring system and method based on LoRa node identification. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become increasingly important in scenarios such as device monitoring and environmental awareness. LoRa technology, with its low power consumption and robust interference resistance, is well-suited for use in complex and harsh industrial environments. However, the cluster routing protocols used in traditional WSNs lack adaptability in LoRa networks, severely hindering further network performance.

[0003] Current research focuses on optimizing cluster head elections for the classic LEACH clustering routing protocol and its improved algorithms, aiming to balance overall network energy consumption and extend network lifespan. However, both protocols employ a global broadcast mechanism, causing nodes to frequently receive information about cluster heads from across the entire network, resulting in wasted energy. Furthermore, researchers have achieved promising results by applying bioinspired algorithms to cluster routing protocols. By simulating the behavior of biological organisms in nature, the ability to find global optimal solutions in space is enhanced, making it easier to locate the most suitable node to serve as cluster head in WSNs, achieving energy balance and extending network lifespan. However, these algorithms suffer from high computational complexity, parameter sensitivity, and high communication overhead, making them difficult to apply to embedded nodes.

[0004] LoRa communication technology is commonly used in LoRaWAN and MESH networks. Optimizing the design of LoRaWAN network servers in smart municipal infrastructure has significantly improved data transmission efficiency. A low-power, low-cost outdoor positioning system has been designed based on a LoRa Mesh network. However, there is currently little research on dynamic clustering based on LoRa. A LoRa network is being built based on the LEACH routing protocol, but the focus is on network security verification. Specific construction methods are not discussed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a switch cabinet monitoring system and method based on LoRa node identification, aiming to solve the problems of high energy consumption and insufficient stability of traditional cluster routing protocols in LoRa wireless sensor networks.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Start the gateway node to determine whether it is working properly, and log in to the OneNET cloud platform to check whether the gateway node is successfully connected to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol;

[0008] On the premise that the gateway node is working properly, start the common nodes in sequence to determine whether the common nodes are correctly connected to the network and working properly;

[0009] The gateway node is placed in the instrument room of the switch cabinet, and the common nodes are distributed in various chambers in the switch cabinet to perform real-time monitoring of various places in the switch cabinet;

[0010] The network runs,within an active window, and according to the time-sharing multiplexing mechanism,,cluster member nodes are prioritized to upload data.

[0011] Among them, the high byte and low byte of the LoRa address of each cluster should be set in the following way: the high address clusters are set continuously from small to large, and the low address of each node in the cluster is set continuously from small to large.

[0012] The network operates in an active window and prioritizes data upload by cluster member nodes according to a time-division multiplexing mechanism.

[0013] The MCU module uses a built-in clock to detect in real time whether the data upload time has arrived. When the time condition is met, the MCU module communicates with the temperature and humidity module through a single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information.

[0014] The single-chip microcomputer module communicates with the LoRa module through serial communication, sends data to the LoRa module, and then the LoRa module sends it to the cluster head in the cluster;

[0015] During the last period of the active window, the cluster head communicates with the temperature and humidity module through the single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information. Then, the cluster head counts all uploaded temperature and humidity information in the cluster, calculates the data length, and organizes the data in a fixed format and sends it to the LoRa module, which then sends it to the gateway node.

[0016] After receiving the information sent by the cluster head, the gateway node establishes communication with the 4G module through serial communication and uploads the collected data to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol.

[0017] Among them, the fixed format is LoRa low address + humidity high byte + humidity low byte + temperature high byte + temperature low byte.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a switch cabinet monitoring system based on LoRa node identification, which is applied to the switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification as described in the first aspect above, including a single-chip microcomputer module, a power supply module, a data storage module, a LoRa communication module, a 4G module, a human-computer interaction module and a temperature and humidity module;

[0019] The single chip microcomputer module is used to realize the coordinated control of multiple peripherals;

[0020] The power supply module is used to supply energy to the remaining modules;

[0021] The data storage module realizes the storage of sensor data and LoRa address based on the IIC communication protocol and the single chip microcomputer module;

[0022] The LoRa communication module is used for communication between the single-chip microcomputer module and the OneNET cloud platform;

[0023] The 4G module is used for communication between the OneNET cloud platform and the single-chip microcomputer module;

[0024] The human-computer interaction module is used to display the working status of the gateway node and the ordinary node;

[0025] The temperature and humidity module is used to obtain temperature and humidity information of the environment surrounding the common node.

[0026] The present invention provides a switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification. The method starts a gateway node, determines whether the gateway node is functioning properly, and simultaneously logs into the OneNET cloud platform to check whether the gateway node is successfully connected to the OneNET cloud platform via the MQTT protocol. Under the assumption that the gateway node is functioning properly, ordinary nodes are sequentially started to determine whether the ordinary nodes are correctly connected to the network and functioning properly. The gateway node is placed in the instrument room of the switch cabinet, and the ordinary nodes are distributed and deployed in various chambers within the switch cabinet to perform real-time monitoring of various locations within the switch cabinet. During network operation, cluster member nodes are prioritized for uploading data within an active window based on a time-division multiplexing mechanism. This method utilizes LoRa node identification to achieve static clustering and uses a time-division multiplexing scheduling mechanism to sequentially elect cluster heads within the clusters. This cluster routing protocol has a low actual computational load and strong feasibility, making it applicable to low-cost, computationally intensive embedded systems. Compared to the LEACH protocol, it extends the network lifecycle while also exhibiting strong stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a network topology diagram.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the overall block diagram of the gateway node and ordinary node hardware.

[0030] Figure 3 It is the flowchart of node static clustering.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of replacing the cluster head node within the cluster.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a comparison chart of network life cycle.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of the specific way in which the network runs and prioritizes uploading data to cluster member nodes according to the time-sharing multiplexing mechanism within an activity window.

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the switch cabinet monitoring system based on LoRa node identification provided by the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1- single chip microcomputer module, 2- power module, 3- data storage module, 4- LoRa communication module, 5- 4G module, 6- human-computer interaction module, 7- temperature and humidity module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] See also Figure 6 In a first aspect, the present invention provides a switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1 starts the gateway node, determines whether the gateway node is working properly, and logs into the OneNET cloud platform to check whether the gateway node is successfully connected to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol;

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the gateway node is first started, and whether the gateway node is working normally is determined according to the LED indicator light on the human-computer interaction module 6. At the same time, China Mobile's OneNET Internet of Things cloud platform is logged in to check whether the gateway node is successfully connected to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol.

[0041] S2, under the premise that the gateway node is working normally, starts the common nodes in sequence to determine whether the common nodes are correctly connected to the network and working normally;

[0042] In this embodiment of the present invention, provided that the gateway node is functioning properly, the other common nodes are started in sequence. The LED indicator light on the human-computer interaction module 6 is then used to determine whether each common node has successfully connected to the network and is functioning properly. To conserve battery power, the LED indicator display function can be turned off using a button on the human-computer interaction module 6 after the node is observed to be functioning properly.

[0043] S3: The gateway node is placed in the instrument room of the switch cabinet, and the common nodes are distributed in various chambers in the switch cabinet to perform real-time monitoring of various places in the switch cabinet;

[0044] The S4 network runs,within an activity window and prioritizes uploading data to cluster member nodes,according to the time-division multiplexing mechanism.

[0045] In this embodiment of the present invention, each cluster is assigned an activity window based on a time-sharing multiplexing mechanism. (The high and low bytes of each cluster's LoRa address should be set sequentially from small to large for high-address clusters, and from small to large for each node within a cluster.) Because the activity flow is the same for each cluster, only one cluster will be described in detail. Within an activity window, cluster member nodes prioritize uploading data based on the time-sharing multiplexing mechanism.

[0046] For details, please refer to Figure 7 :

[0047] The S41 single-chip microcomputer module 1 uses a built-in clock to detect in real time whether the data upload time has arrived. When the time condition is met, the single-chip microcomputer module 1 communicates with the temperature and humidity module through a single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information;

[0048] The S42 single-chip microcomputer module 1 communicates with the LoRa module through serial communication, sends data to the LoRa module, and then the LoRa module sends it to the cluster head in the cluster;

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, all LoRa communication processes follow the following format.

[0050] Start Frame Send or configuration frame Frame format Data length Data content Sum check frame One byte One byte One byte One byte indefinite length One byte

[0051] S43: During the last period of the active window, the cluster head communicates with the temperature and humidity module 7 through the single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information. Then, the cluster head counts all uploaded temperature and humidity information in the cluster, calculates the data length, and organizes the data in a fixed format and sends it to the LoRa module, which then sends it to the gateway node.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the last period of the active window, the cluster head will first communicate with the AM2301A temperature and humidity sensor through a single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information. Then, the cluster head counts all the temperature and humidity information uploaded to it in the cluster. The data length is calculated, and the data content adopts the following format (LoRa low address (one byte) + humidity high byte (one byte) + humidity low byte (one byte) + temperature high byte (one byte) + temperature low byte (one byte)). The data of each cluster member are arranged one by one in the above format. The sorted data is sent to the LoRa module, and then sent to the gateway node by the LoRa module. After receiving the reply from the gateway node, the cluster head replacement operation within the cluster is started. At this point, the activities of a cluster in a network cycle are completed, and the activities of the next cluster are carried out in turn.

[0053] After receiving the information sent by the cluster head, the gateway node in S44 establishes communication with the 4G module 5 through serial communication, and uploads the collected data to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol.

[0054] See also Figure 8 In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a switch cabinet monitoring system based on LoRa node identification, which is applied to the switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification as described in the first aspect above, including a single-chip microcomputer module 1, a power supply module 2, a data storage module 3, a LoRa communication module 4, a 4G module 5, a human-computer interaction module 6 and a temperature and humidity module 7;

[0055] The single chip microcomputer module 1 is used to realize the coordinated control of multiple peripherals;

[0056] The power module 2 is used to supply energy to the remaining modules;

[0057] The data storage module 3 realizes the storage of sensor data and LoRa address based on the IIC communication protocol and the single chip microcomputer module 1;

[0058] The LoRa communication module 4 is used for communication between the single-chip microcomputer module 1 and the OneNET cloud platform;

[0059] The 4G module 5 is used for communication between the OneNET cloud platform and the single-chip microcomputer module 1;

[0060] The human-computer interaction module 6 is used to display the working status of the gateway node and the ordinary node;

[0061] The temperature and humidity module 7 is used to obtain temperature and humidity information of the environment surrounding the common node.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present invention, the single chip module 1 adopts the industrial grade ARMCortex-M3 microcontroller of STMicroelectronics STM32F103C8T6. The chip is based on a 32-bit RISC architecture with a main frequency of 72MHz, has a standby power consumption of <4μA and an immunity to contact discharge of ±8kV, and integrates 3 USARTs and 2 I 2 The C-bus controller enables multi-peripheral coordination. The power module 2 consists of a battery and an LDO step-down chip. The battery size and LDO chip can be selected as appropriate to power the remaining modules. The data storage module 3 uses an EEPROM chip, providing 256Kbit of non-volatile storage space. Sensor data and LoRa addresses are stored via the IIC communication protocol with the microcontroller. The LoRa communication module 4 uses the E22 series LoRa communication module produced by Yibite, a Chinese company. It utilizes CSS spread spectrum technology, supports -148dBm receiver sensitivity, and LBT listen-before-talk mechanism, reducing power consumption to 3μA in deep sleep mode. It is used for communication between the microcontroller module 1 and the OneNET cloud platform. The 4G module 5 uses the ML307R IoT module produced by China Mobile. The ML307R module supports serial communication, enabling excellent communication with the microcontroller. Collected data can also be uploaded to the OneNET IoT cloud platform for communication between the OneNET cloud platform and the microcontroller module 1. The human-computer interaction module 6 primarily consists of an LED light and a button. The main purpose of this module is to facilitate debugging and displaying the working status of the node, and to facilitate maintenance. The temperature and humidity module 7 uses the AM2301A digital temperature and humidity module. Based on the capacitive humidity sensing element and the NTC temperature measuring element, the single bus interface achieves ±2% RH humidity accuracy (20-80% RH range) and ±0.5°C temperature accuracy. At the same time, it has long-term stability and strong anti-interference ability, which makes it well qualified for harsh environments and is used to obtain temperature and humidity information of the environment around ordinary nodes. Among them, OneNET is an open Internet of Things platform provided by China Mobile, and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight, publish-subscribe based message transmission protocol. LoRa, 4G and IIC are all names in communication-related fields.

[0063] To better understand the present technical solution, the following examples are provided for further explanation:

[0064] Network topology

[0065] The network topology adopts a three-level architecture system of terminal perception layer-data transmission layer-cloud platform layer. The network topology structure is shown in the figure below. Figure 1 shown.

[0066] At the terminal perception layer, node associations are established through a static clustering optimization routing protocol. Ordinary nodes are divided into cluster member nodes and cluster head nodes through an optimized cluster head election mechanism. Cluster member nodes are responsible for collecting temperature and humidity sensor data and uploading the monitoring data to cluster head nodes through the LoRa communication protocol. After the cluster head node completes data aggregation within the cluster, it uses the LoRa communication protocol to perform data fusion processing and encapsulate and forward it to the gateway node.

[0067] At the data transmission layer, the gateway node receives the fused data packet transmitted by the cluster head node through the LoRa communication interface, and then establishes a communication connection with the OneNET cloud platform based on the MQTT protocol through the embedded 4G communication module to realize the uplink transmission of monitoring data.

[0068] At the cloud platform level, the OneNET cloud platform analyzes and stores temperature and humidity monitoring data from each sensor node in real time. Users can access time-series data from each node through a visual interface, enabling online monitoring of the operating status of each area in the environment, providing data support for the safe and stable operation of equipment.

[0069] The static clustering routing protocol design is based on the static clustering of LoRa addresses. At the terminal perception layer, the LoRa network is used to establish a connection with each node in this layer. In the LoRa network, each LoRa node has a 4-digit hexadecimal unique ID to distinguish it from other nodes. When the LoRa network is established, different nodes are divided into different clusters based on the high byte of the LoRa address of each node. The allocation work is not performed by the base station or the gateway node. It is determined based on whether there is a cluster with the same high byte as the new node when it joins the network. When a new node joins the network, it will first broadcast to find out whether there is a cluster with the same high byte of the LoRa address. If there is a cluster that meets the conditions, the cluster head will actively establish contact with the new node and let it join its own cluster. If there is no cluster that meets the conditions, the new node will directly establish contact with the gateway node, establish a new cluster, and become the cluster head of the new cluster. Once a cluster is established, it will not be changed again. The activities of the nodes are carried out within the cluster, and the nodes between clusters are isolated from each other. The node static clustering flow chart is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0070] Cluster head replacement strategy within a cluster based on energy prediction

[0071] The intra-cluster head replacement strategy follows a two-phase principle: selecting a successor node and replacing the cluster head node within the cluster. The entire process takes place within the cluster, while other clusters remain dormant and unaware of the changing cluster, thus ensuring inter-cluster isolation.

[0072] Inheritance node selection phase

[0073] In a cluster activity window, ordinary nodes in the cluster upload data to the cluster head in sequence according to the allocated time slots. The data contains information such as the node's LoRa address, ambient temperature and humidity, and the node's current remaining energy.

[0074] The cluster head's activity time is at the end of the cluster's activity window, ensuring it can receive data from all nodes in the cluster. The cluster head executes an energy evaluation function to select the best successor node. After determining the successor, the cluster head uploads all received information to the gateway node. The energy evaluation function is as follows:

[0075] E heir_best =argmax{E residual (n i )|i=1,2,…,N}

[0076] Where, E heir_best is the energy of the best successor node, and the best successor node address is obtained based on this value. residual (n i ) is the nth i The residual energy of ordinary nodes, N is the number of ordinary nodes in a cluster.

[0077] The replacement phase of cluster head node in the cluster

[0078] The cluster head in the cluster sends the HEAD_CHANGE data frame in the cluster by broadcasting. The data frame contains the LoRa address of the best successor node, timestamp and other information. After receiving the broadcast information, the ordinary node in the cluster matches its own LoRa address with the LoRa address of the best successor node. If the match is unsuccessful, the LoRa address of the best successor node is set as the cluster head address of the next round. If the match is successful, its own node is set as the cluster head node of the next round, and the HEAD_CHANGE_SUCCESS data frame is sent in the cluster again by broadcasting. The data frame contains the LoRa address of the best successor node, timestamp and other information. After the cluster head in the cluster receives the broadcast information, it sets itself as an ordinary node in the cluster. If some nodes in the cluster do not receive the information in the first broadcast, they can also obtain the information of the next round of cluster heads again in the second broadcast. This ensures the stability and reliability of the next round of activities. The schematic diagram of the replacement of cluster head nodes in the cluster is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0079] Time-division multiplexing scheduling mechanism

[0080] In the network, each cluster carries out activities in sequence according to the high bytes of the LoRa addresses of the nodes in the cluster. When one cluster is active, the nodes in other clusters are in a dormant state and do not receive any information.

[0081] Assume that the beginning of each round is the starting point of time. The formula for calculating the start time of each cluster activity is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Where, T active_start For each cluster to start activity, ADD_H is the high byte of the LoRa address of the node in the cluster. Because the high byte of the LoRa address of the nodes in the same cluster is the same, it can represent the order of the cluster. active is the active window size of a cluster, and α is the time slot utilization factor.

[0084] Each cluster is allocated an activity window for cluster activities, including data upload by cluster nodes, data fusion by cluster heads, and cluster head election. The activity window size is the same for each cluster, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] Where, T cycle is the time required for one round, N cluster is the number of cluster heads in the network,

[0087] During the active time of a node in a cluster, the non-cluster head node selects the time to upload data based on the low byte of its own LoRa address. The active time of the cluster head node is generally later than that of the non-cluster head node. The cluster head node analyzes and processes the received data and uploads it to the gateway.

[0088] Assume that the previous cluster activity ends and the current cluster activity begins as the starting time. The formula for calculating the activity time of each node in a cluster is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] Where, t ADD_L is the data upload time of ordinary nodes, ADD_L is the low byte of the LoRa address of the cluster member, and t1 is the time interval between data uploads of two nodes.

[0091] Low power analysis

[0092] When calculating node energy consumption, the classic model is used to calculate the energy consumption during the communication process. When the distance between two nodes is d, the energy required for the node to send, receive, and fuse kbits of data is calculated as follows:

[0093]

[0094] E r =kE e

[0095] E d =kE da

[0096] Where, E e Indicates the energy consumed by a node in transmitting 1 bit of data, E da Indicates the energy consumed by the node fusing 1 bit of data, E d Represents the energy required for node data fusion. E f and E m They represent the power amplification energy consumption of the free space model and the multipath fading model respectively, and d0 is the threshold distance.

[0097] In the classic LEACH protocol, after an ordinary node is elected as a cluster head, it will broadcast the information to all nodes. The energy consumed by an ordinary node in receiving cluster head election information during the election process is calculated as follows:

[0098] E r_cluster =N cluster E r

[0099] Where: E r_cluster It is the energy consumed by a cluster member in the LEACH protocol when receiving cluster head election information during the election process.

[0100] However, in the static clustering routing protocol, since the cluster head election is only carried out within the cluster, each cluster member will only receive the cluster head election information twice in each round of election, so the energy consumption of a cluster member in the cluster head election process is 2E r The difference in energy consumption between the two cluster routing protocols in the election process is (n cluster -2)E r The other energy consumptions are the same as those of the LEACH protocol, so the static clustering routing protocol is superior to the LEACH protocol in terms of low power consumption.

[0101] experiment

[0102] Network Lifecycle Comparison

[0103] Using MATLAB 2020A, we conducted a simulation experiment comparing the proposed static clustering routing protocol and the LEACH protocol. Under the same conditions, we conducted a comparative analysis, demonstrating the superiority of the static clustering routing protocol in terms of low power consumption. The experimental parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1 Simulation experiment parameters

[0105]

[0106] Figure 6 The figure compares the number of dead nodes in the static clustering routing protocol and the LEACH protocol. As can be seen from the figure, the first dead node occurred in the 273rd round for the LEACH protocol, while the first dead node occurred in the 813th round for the static clustering routing protocol. Compared to the LEACH protocol, the static clustering routing protocol effectively extends the network lifecycle by approximately 2.3 times. This is because during the cluster head election process, cluster members in the LEACH protocol receive election information from all cluster heads, but ultimately only select one to join. Receiving election information from other cluster heads significantly wastes energy. In contrast, the static clustering routing protocol elects a cluster head within the cluster, so cluster members only receive information from a single cluster head. This effectively conserves node energy, thereby extending the network lifecycle.

[0107] Network stability test

[0108] This experiment aimed to verify the network's ability to stably upload data to the cloud. The experimental environment was a laboratory setting. The experimental subjects were 15 standard nodes and one gateway node. The 15 standard nodes were densely distributed on a 50cm x 50cm table to simulate a complex and harsh environment. The 15 standard nodes were divided into three clusters, and each activity round lasted three minutes. After each node sent 100 packets, the number of packets received by the cloud platform was counted, and the packet loss rate for each node was calculated. The packet loss rate data for each node is shown in Table 2.

[0109] Table 2 Packet loss rate of each node

[0110] Node ID (address) Number of packets sent Number of received data packets Packet loss rate 0101 100 94 6％ 0102 100 97 3％ 0103 100 97 3％ 0104 100 96 4％ 0105 100 96 4％ 0201 100 98 2％ 0202 100 96 4％ 0203 100 97 3％ 0204 100 97 3％ 0205 100 98 2％ 0301 100 96 4％ 0302 100 98 2％ 0303 100 95 5％ 0304 100 93 7％ 0305 100 96 4％

[0111] Experimental analysis demonstrates that the network exhibits robust data transmission stability in a simulated complex and harsh environment. Table 2 shows packet loss rates for the 15 nodes ranging from 2% to 7%, with an overall network loss rate of 3.7%. Node 0304 in cluster 03 achieved the highest packet loss rate, at 7%. Node 0205 in cluster 02 achieved the lowest, at 2%. All nodes maintained packet loss rates below 7%, demonstrating that the network maintains reliable and efficient transmission in densely populated, complex environments.

[0112] Summarize:

[0113] This paper proposes a static clustering routing protocol for industrial WSNs. This protocol statically divides clusters within WSNs based on LoRa addresses and then dynamically rotates cluster heads within each cluster periodically. Compared to the LEACH protocol, the static clustering routing protocol isolates inter-cluster communication, reducing the frequency with which cluster members receive cluster head information during the election process. This approach maximizes the network lifecycle while maintaining stable information transmission across the network. This paper simulates and analyzes the static clustering routing protocol with the LEACH protocol. The simulation results demonstrate that the static clustering routing protocol effectively extends the network lifecycle. Furthermore, this paper applies the static clustering routing protocol to an embedded system for field verification. Experimental results demonstrate that the static clustering routing protocol maintains an extremely low packet loss rate even in complex, densely deployed environments, demonstrating the stability of the static clustering routing protocol. While maintaining the performance of WSNs, the static clustering routing protocol can be well applied in low-cost embedded systems, facilitating further adoption.

[0114] The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the switch cabinet monitoring system and method based on LoRa node identification of the present invention. Of course, this cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments are implemented, and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Start the gateway node to determine whether it is working properly, and log in to the OneNET cloud platform to check whether the gateway node is successfully connected to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol; On the premise that the gateway node is working properly, start the common nodes in sequence to determine whether the common nodes are correctly connected to the network and working properly; The gateway node is placed in the instrument room of the switch cabinet, and the common nodes are distributed in various chambers in the switch cabinet to perform real-time monitoring of various places in the switch cabinet; The network runs,within an active window, and according to the time-sharing multiplexing mechanism,,cluster member nodes are prioritized to upload data.

2. The switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification according to claim 1, It is characterized by: The high byte and low byte of the LoRa address of each cluster should be set in the order of small to large between high address clusters and small to large between low address clusters.

3. The switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network operates in an active window and prioritizes data upload by cluster member nodes according to a time-division multiplexing mechanism: The MCU module uses a built-in clock to detect in real time whether the data upload time has arrived. When the time condition is met, the MCU module communicates with the temperature and humidity module through a single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information. The single-chip microcomputer module communicates with the LoRa module through serial communication, sends data to the LoRa module, and then the LoRa module sends it to the cluster head in the cluster; During the last period of the active window, the cluster head communicates with the temperature and humidity module through the single bus protocol to obtain temperature and humidity information. Then, the cluster head counts all uploaded temperature and humidity information in the cluster, calculates the data length, and organizes the data in a fixed format and sends it to the LoRa module, which then sends it to the gateway node. After receiving the information sent by the cluster head, the gateway node establishes communication with the 4G module through serial communication and uploads the collected data to the OneNET cloud platform through the MQTT protocol.

4. The switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that ； The fixed format is LoRa low address + humidity high byte + humidity low byte + temperature high byte + temperature low byte.

5. A switch cabinet monitoring system based on LoRa node identification, applied to a switch cabinet monitoring method based on LoRa node identification according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that ； Including single chip microcomputer module, power module, data storage module, LoRa communication module, 4G module, human-computer interaction module and temperature and humidity module; The single chip microcomputer module is used to realize the coordinated control of multiple peripherals; The power supply module is used to supply energy to the remaining modules; The data storage module realizes the storage of sensor data and LoRa address based on the IIC communication protocol and the single chip microcomputer module; The LoRa communication module is used for communication between the single-chip microcomputer module and the OneNET cloud platform; The 4G module is used for communication between the OneNET cloud platform and the single-chip microcomputer module; The human-computer interaction module is used to display the working status of the gateway node and the ordinary node; The temperature and humidity module is used to obtain temperature and humidity information of the environment surrounding the common node.

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