Feed additive for improving growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, improving meat quality and reducing emission of odor gas

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive for improving growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, improving meat quality and reducing odor emission, and is characterized in that the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of an anise leaf extract and 75-90 parts of a probiotic composition; the probiotic composition is prepared from the following bacteria: 1.5 * 10 < 13 > to 4.5 * 10 < 13 > CFU / kg of bacillus subtilis, 1.5 * 10 < 13 > to 4.5 * 10 < 13 > CFU / kg of bacillus coagulans, 4 * 10 < 12 > to 6 * 10 < 12 > CFU / kg of clostridium butyricum and 5 * 10 < 12 > to 7 * 10 < 12 > CFU / kg of bacillus licheniformis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and in particular relates to a feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with rising incomes and shifting consumer attitudes, consumer demand for high-quality, healthy, and safe food has grown, providing a broad market for premium pork. Consumers are shifting from quantity to quality, and are more willing to pay for premium attributes such as quality-of-origin and unique taste. Beyond economic benefits, ecological benefits have also been a key concern for the livestock industry in recent years. High concentrations of odorous gases in piggeries not only reduce pig growth and increase disease incidence, but can also cause respiratory and digestive tract illnesses in piggeries. Odors in piggeries primarily originate from pig excrement. Undigested organic matter in the pig's intestines undergoes microbial fermentation, producing a large amount of odorous substances. After excretion, the remaining protein and urea are further fermented, producing even more odor. Therefore, odor reduction on farms must address the source, such as improving feed nutrient utilization and reducing the number of odor-producing microorganisms. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0005] The feed additive for improving the reproduction and lactation performance of sows in the late pregnancy-lactation period is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of star anise leaf extract and 75-90 parts of a probiotic composition; the probiotic composition is composed of the following bacteria: 1.5×10 13 —4.5×10 13 CFU / kg, Bacillus coagulans 1.5×10 13 —4.5×10 13 CFU / kg, Clostridium butyricum 4×10 12 —6×10 12 CFU / kg, Bacillus licheniformis 5×10 12 —7×10 12 CFU / kg.

[0006] Preferably, the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans in the probiotic composition is the same.

[0007] More preferably, the feed additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-17 parts of horn leaf extract and 80-85 parts of the probiotic composition.

[0008] More preferably, the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 16.7 parts of star anise leaf extract and 83.3 parts of a probiotic composition; the probiotic composition is composed of the following bacteria: 3×10 13 CFU / kg, Bacillus coagulans 3×10 13 CFU / kg, Clostridium butyricum 5×10 12 CFU / kg, Bacillus licheniformis 6×10 12 CFU / kg.

[0009] The above-mentioned feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions can be used to prepare pig feed for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, can be used to prepare pig feed for improving meat quality, and can also be used to prepare pig feed for reducing odorous gas emissions. In specific application, the feed additive is added to the feed of growing or fattening pigs at a dosage of 1-2 kg / t, preferably 1.2 kg / t.

[0010] The present invention will be further described below:

[0011] Star anise leaf is a low-cost byproduct of the spice processing process. Star anise leaf extract contains anethole, flavonoids, polyphenols, and volatile oils, which have been shown to increase feed intake (anethole acts as an appetite enhancer), promote growth, provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, and improve meat quality. Probiotics are also a common feed additive used in pig farming. The use of probiotics in feed can improve feed conversion, reduce odorous gas emissions, improve meat quality, and offer numerous other benefits. They are also low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient, offering significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0012] The present invention uses an extract of star anise leaves and a probiotic composition to formulate a feed additive for growing and fattening pigs. This composition, when used starting from a pig's body weight of approximately 25 kg until it is slaughtered, can increase the pig's slaughter weight by approximately 2 kg / kg, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, increase the eye muscle area, reduce the yellowness value of pork, and reduce the content of odorous gases (putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine among the biogenic amines) in feces, while maintaining a constant feed intake. Furthermore, the composition has a low utilization ratio, with an input-output ratio (cost of use: pig weight gain premium) of approximately 1:2-1:3, achieving both economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 : The difference in MyHC IIa mRNA expression between group A (Con group) and groups D and E (t test, * represents P < 0.05). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Example 1

[0015] The feed additive formula for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions is shown in Table 1.

[0016] Table 1

[0017] Components parts by weight Star anise leaf extract 16.7 Probiotic composition 83.3 total 100 copies .

[0018] Among them, the components and content of the probiotic composition: Bacillus subtilis (3×10 13 CFU / kg), Bacillus coagulans (3×10 13 CFU / kg), Clostridium butyricum (5×10 12 CFU / kg), Bacillus licheniformis (6×10 12 CFU / kg).

[0019] Usage: Add the composition to the feed of growing and fattening pigs at a dosage of 1.2 kg / ton, mix thoroughly, and feed until the pigs are ready for slaughter.

[0020] Example 2

[0021] The feed additive formula for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions is shown in Table 2.

[0022] Table 2

[0023] Components parts by weight Star anise leaf extract 10 Probiotic composition 90 total 100 copies .

[0024] Among them, the components and content of the probiotic composition: Bacillus subtilis (1.5×10 13 CFU / kg), Bacillus coagulans (1.5×10 13 CFU / kg), Clostridium butyricum (4×10 12 CFU / kg), Bacillus licheniformis (7×10 12 CFU / kg).

[0025] Usage: Add the composition to the feed of growing and fattening pigs at a dosage of 1.2 kg / ton, mix thoroughly, and feed until the pigs are ready for slaughter.

[0026] Example 3

[0027] The feed additive formula for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions is shown in Table 3.

[0028] Table 3

[0029] Components parts by weight Star anise leaf extract 25 Probiotic composition 75 total 100 copies .

[0030] Among them, the components and content of the probiotic composition: Bacillus subtilis (4.5×10 13 CFU / kg), Bacillus coagulans (4.5×10 13 CFU / kg), Clostridium butyricum (6×10 12 CFU / kg), Bacillus licheniformis (5×10 12 CFU / kg).

[0031] Usage: Add the composition to the feed of growing and fattening pigs at a dosage of 2kg / ton, mix thoroughly, and feed until the pigs are ready for slaughter.

[0032] Example 4

[0033] The feed additive formula for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions is shown in Table 4.

[0034] Table 4

[0035] Components parts by weight Star anise leaf extract 15 Probiotic composition 85 total 100 copies .

[0036] Among them, the components and content of the probiotic composition: Bacillus subtilis (3×10 13 CFU / kg), Bacillus coagulans (3×10 13 CFU / kg), Clostridium butyricum (6×10 12 CFU / kg), Bacillus licheniformis (7×10 12 CFU / kg).

[0037] Usage: Add the composition to the feed of growing and fattening pigs at a dosage of 1 kg / ton, mix thoroughly, and feed until the pigs are ready for slaughter.

[0038] Example 5 Effect Test

[0039] 330 healthy, three-way hybrid pigs weighing approximately 26 kg were randomly assigned to five groups, each containing six pens (replicates) and 11 pigs per replicate. The experimental period lasted 118 days and was divided into two stages: 1) a growing period (20-70 kg) and 2) a finishing period (70-135 kg). Groups and dietary treatments are shown in Table 5.

[0040] Table 5

[0041] Serial number Group Name Dietary treatment 1 Con(A) Basic diet 2 B Basic diet + 1000mg / kg probiotic composition 3 C Basic diet + 200mg / kg star anise leaf extract 4 D Basic diet + commercially available additives of the same type (including plant extracts and probiotics) 5 E Basic diet + 1200 mg / kg of the additive of the present invention .

[0042] Production performance test (Table 6, Table 7):

[0043] Although one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences in growth performance indicators between the groups, numerically, with similar initial body weight and feed intake, Group E had the highest final body weight and the lowest feed-to-weight ratio, averaging 2kg / head higher than Group Con (Group A). ​​Pairwise comparisons using T-tests revealed that, compared with the control group, Group E significantly increased the final body weight and average daily gain of growing pigs (20-70 kg), reduced the feed-to-weight ratio, significantly increased the average daily gain over the entire growth period (20-140 kg), and reduced the average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio. Compared with the control group, Group B significantly reduced the average daily feed intake of growing and finishing pigs during the fattening period (70-140 kg); Group C significantly reduced the average daily feed intake over the entire growth period (20-140 kg); and Group D significantly increased the final body weight of growing pigs (20-70 kg). Group E achieved the best results in improving growth performance.

[0044] Table 6 Growth performance (one-way analysis of variance)

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] Table 7 Growth performance (t test)

[0048]

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Carcass quality and meat quality (Table 8, Table 9):

[0052] Compared with the control (Group A), most of the experimental groups significantly increased the eye muscle area of ​​growing and finishing pigs and significantly reduced the yellowness value (b*) of the muscle. In addition, Group E also significantly increased the redness value of the pork.

[0053] Table 8 Carcass quality and meat quality (one-way analysis of variance)

[0054]

[0055] Table 9 Carcass quality and meat quality (t-test)

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Serum biochemical indicators (Table 10):

[0060] Compared with the control (Group A), Groups B and E showed significantly increased levels of porcine serum albumin (ALB), with Group E showing the highest ALB levels. Albumin is the primary source of plasma colloid osmotic pressure, regulating fluid balance inside and outside blood vessels and maintaining blood volume. It also has multiple physiological functions, including binding and transporting substances, providing antioxidant effects, reducing inflammatory damage, immunomodulating, maintaining endothelial function, reducing capillary permeability, and providing neuroprotection. This suggests that the additive formulated in this patent has the potential to enhance pigs' disease resistance.

[0061] Table 10 Serum biochemical indicators (one-way analysis of variance)

[0062]

[0063] Muscle fiber type (Table 11, Figure 1 ):

[0064] Longissimus dorsi muscles were collected and analyzed for relative mRNA expression of muscle fiber type markers. The results showed that while a one-way ANOVA analysis showed no significant differences between groups, t-tests revealed significantly increased myHCYⅡa mRNA expression in both Groups D and E, with no differences between other muscle fiber types. Increased MyHCIIa (fast oxidative myosin heavy chain) gene expression indicates enhanced oxidative capacity, marking a shift from a glycolytic to a mixed oxidative-glycolytic phenotype, reliance on aerobic metabolism, reduced lactic acid accumulation, and delayed post-slaughter pH drop. This improves meat quality, including increased tenderness, enhanced water retention, and accumulation of flavor precursors. Therefore, Groups E and D demonstrated superior results in improving meat quality.

[0065] Table 11 Muscle fiber typing (one-way ANOVA)

[0066] Group Con group Group B Group C Group D Group E SEM P-Value myHCYⅠ 1.01 1.04 1.33 1.57 1.93 0.15 0.285 myHCYⅡa 1.08 1.51 1.71 1.91 1.93 0.13 0.205 myHCYⅡx 1.06 0.96 1.42 1.54 1.30 0.11 0.406 myHCYⅡb 1.02 0.86 1.88 1.70 2.10 0.22 0.346 .

[0067] Content of fecal biogenic amines (Table 12, Table 13):

[0068] Biogenic amines in feces and chyme are primarily produced by intestinal microorganisms through amino acid decarboxylation reactions, contributing to fecal odor. One-way analysis of variance showed that putrescine levels in experimental groups B and E were significantly lower than in group Con (group A), while groups C and E had the lowest levels of total biogenic amines. Compared with group Con (t-test), group E showed significantly lower levels of putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine, with a trend toward a decrease in total amines. Overall, the results were superior to those in group D (a commercially available product of the same type).

[0069] Table 12 Content of fecal biogenic amines (μg / g, one-way ANOVA)

[0070] Group Con group Group B Group C Group D Group E SEM P-Value Tryptamine 20.81 17.24 16.71 17.25 16.39 0.967 0.643 Tyramine 12.00 7.64 9.96 5.31 10.40 1.283 0.542 Putrescine <![CDATA[10.45 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.00 b ]]> <![CDATA[5.99 ab ]]> <![CDATA[6.21 ab ]]> <![CDATA[2.93 b ]]> 0.893 0.022 cadaverine 2.45 1.13 1.01 1.64 0.66 0.238 0.154 Spermine 4.35 2.10 1.71 2.89 2.21 0.417 0.326 Spermidine 4.18 2.62 3.54 2.92 2.71 0.284 0.363 Phenylethylamine 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.012 0.982 histamine 2.03 2.88 2.07 1.60 2.50 0.243 0.645 Total amines 60.48 42.11 39.80 50.69 41.07 3.972 0.467 .

[0071] Table 13

[0072]

[0073]

Claims

1. A feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions, characterized in that: The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of star anise leaf extract and 75-90 parts of a probiotic composition; the probiotic composition is composed of the following bacteria: 1.5×10 13 —4.5×10 13 CFU / kg, Bacillus coagulans 1.5×10 13 —4.5×10 13 CFU / kg, Clostridium butyricum 4×10 12 —6×10 12 CFU / kg, Bacillus licheniformis 5×10 12 —7×10 12 CFU / kg.

2. The feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probiotic composition contains the same number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans.

3. The feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The feed additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-17 parts of star anise leaf extract and 80-85 parts of a probiotic composition.

4. The feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 16.7 parts of star anise leaf extract and 83.3 parts of a probiotic composition; the probiotic composition is composed of the following bacteria: 3×10 13 CFU / kg, Bacillus coagulans 3×10 13 CFU / kg, Clostridium butyricum 5×10 12 CFU / kg, Bacillus licheniformis 6×10 12 CFU / kg.

5. Use of the feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 4 in the preparation of pig feed for improving the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs, wherein the feed additive is added to the feed of growing or finishing pigs at a dose of 1-2 kg / t.

6. Use of the feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 5 in preparing pig feed for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, characterized in that: The application is to add the feed additive to pig feed in the growing or fattening period at a dosage of 1.2 kg / t.

7. Use of the feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 4 in the preparation of pig feed for improving meat quality, wherein the feed additive is added to the feed of growing or finishing pigs at a dosage of 1-2 kg / t.

8. Use of the feed additive for improving growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 7 in preparing pig feed for improving meat quality, characterized in that: The application is to add the feed additive to pig feed in the growing or fattening period at a dosage of 1.2 kg / t.

9. Use of the feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 4 in the preparation of pig feed with reduced odorous gas emissions, wherein the feed additive is added to the feed of growing or fattening pigs at a dosage of 1-2 kg / t.

10. Use of the feed additive for improving the growth performance of growing and fattening pigs, improving meat quality, and reducing odorous gas emissions as claimed in claim 9 in preparing pig feed with reduced odorous gas emissions, characterized in that: The application is to add the feed additive to pig feed in the growing or fattening period at a dosage of 1.2 kg / t.

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