Water absorbing material, preparation method thereof, electrolyte and battery
By combining molecular sieves and nanoparticle core-shell structure materials with hexanetrinitrile, the problem of high moisture control cost in lithium battery production has been solved, efficient and continuous moisture removal has been achieved, and battery performance and safety have been improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510742455.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-03
AI Technical Summary
Moisture control in the lithium battery production process is costly. Strict environmental humidity management and material drying treatment increase costs and may cause thermal damage to the diaphragm.
The core-shell structure material formed by molecular sieves and nanoparticles, combined with the chemical water absorption effect of hexanetrinitrile, improves the efficiency and sustainability of water removal and reduces the humidity control requirements of the production environment.
Through physical and chemical water absorption, production costs are reduced, the moisture content inside the battery is reduced, safety hazards caused by moisture reactions are prevented, and battery performance and life are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN120733705A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a water-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, as well as an electrolyte and a battery. Background Art
[0002] Moisture needs to be controlled during the production of lithium batteries. For example, the moisture content in the environment during the assembly of battery electrodes and core packs needs to be strictly controlled to prevent moisture from being adsorbed onto the surfaces of the electrodes and diaphragms, and then reacting with the electrolyte to generate hydrofluoric acid, which can lead to decreased battery performance or safety hazards.
[0003] The control of moisture in the lithium battery production process mainly relies on strict environmental humidity management and material drying. Environmental humidity management is to control the environmental moisture value of the manufacturing process. For example, the relative humidity of the environment during the electrode preparation process should not be higher than 20%. A low humidity environment should be used for slurry mixing, coating, rolling and other processes to prevent moisture from entering the electrode material; in the battery cell assembly stage, the relative humidity of the environment should not be higher than 20%. In the winding, shelling, welding and other processes, a low humidity environment should be maintained to prevent moisture from entering the battery cell. Material drying is baking before the battery cell is injected. Environmental humidity management increases the cost of process environment control and creates an environment that is not suitable for workers to work and live. Material drying increases the baking cost and causes thermal damage to the diaphragm. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a water-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, as well as an electrolyte and a battery, which can improve the technical problem of high moisture control cost in the lithium battery production process.
[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a water-absorbing material, comprising a molecular sieve, nanoparticles and hexanetrinitrile, wherein the nanoparticles comprise one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
[0006] In one embodiment, the nanoparticles include magnesium oxide nanoparticles; and / or The average particle size of the nanoparticles is 100 nm to 5 mm; and / or The molecular sieve is coated on the surface of the nanoparticles to form a nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material.
[0007] In one embodiment, the thickness of the molecular sieve shell of the nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material is 1 nm-3 mm; and / or The mass percentage ratio of the molecular sieve and the nanoparticles is (0.1%-10%): (90%-99.9%).
[0008] In one embodiment, the molecular sieve is disposed in a first shell, and the material of the first shell is soluble in the electrolyte; and / or The hexane trinitrile is disposed in a second shell, and the material of the second shell is a slow-release material.
[0009] In one embodiment, the maximum diameter of the first shell is 50 μm-7 mm; and / or The thickness of the first shell is 500 nm-200 μm; and / or The material of the first shell includes one or more of polypropylene carbonate and polystyrene sulfonic acid; and / or The material of the second shell includes one or more of porous material, polyvinylidene fluoride resin and polyethylene oxide; and / or The diameter of the second shell is 50 μm-7 mm; and / or The thickness of the second shell is 500 nm-200 μm.
[0010] In one embodiment, the process includes providing molecular sieves, nanoparticles and hexanetrinitrile, performing a first mixing process to obtain a water-absorbing material, wherein the nanoparticles include one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
[0011] In one embodiment, before the first mixing, the method further comprises: The nanoparticles are coated in a shell formed by the molecular sieve to obtain a nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material.
[0012] In one embodiment, before the first mixing, the method further comprises: The surface of the nanoparticles is etched with acid, and then the surface of the nanoparticles is modified with a coupling agent.
[0013] In one embodiment, encapsulating the nanoparticles in a shell formed by the molecular sieve comprises: Providing a silicon source, an aluminum source, a template, and a dispersant, and mixing the aluminum source, the silicon source, the template, and the dispersant to obtain a molecular sieve precursor solution; The nanoparticles are dispersed in the molecular sieve precursor solution, subjected to crystallization treatment, and then washed and dried.
[0014] In one embodiment, the temperature of the crystallization treatment is 90° C.-120° C., and the time of the crystallization treatment is 4 h-12 h; and / or The drying temperature is 80°C-100°C, and the drying time is 4h-6h; and / or After the drying, the process further comprises calcination, wherein the calcination temperature is 350° C.-450° C. and the calcination time is 2 h-3 h.
[0015] In one embodiment, before the first mixing, the method further comprises: Providing a first shell, placing the nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material in the first shell to obtain a first material, wherein the material of the first shell is soluble in an electrolyte; and / or A second shell is provided, and the hexane trinitrile is disposed in the second shell to obtain a second material, wherein the material of the second shell is a sustained-release material.
[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electrolyte comprising the above-mentioned water-absorbing material, or the water-absorbing material prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing the water-absorbing material.
[0017] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery, comprising the water-absorbing material described above, or the water-absorbing material prepared by the method for preparing the water-absorbing material described above.
[0018] In the embodiments of the present invention, the physical water absorption of molecular sieves and nanoparticles and the chemical water absorption of hexanetrionitrile work together to improve the efficiency and sustainability of water removal, reduce the requirements for controlling the humidity of the production environment during battery production, and thus reduce production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0020] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first material formed by a first shell and nanoparticles@molecular sieve core-shell materials therein provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a second shell provided by an embodiment of the present invention and a second material formed by hexane trinitrile therein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "upper" and "lower", generally refer to the upper and lower parts of the device in actual use or working state, specifically the drawing direction in the accompanying drawings; while "inside" and "outside" refer to the outline of the device.
[0022] The technical solution of this application is as follows: In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a water-absorbing material, comprising a molecular sieve, nanoparticles and hexanetrinitrile, wherein the nanoparticles comprise one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
[0023] In this application, the physical water absorption of molecular sieves and nanoparticles and the chemical water absorption of hexanetrionitrile work together to improve the efficiency and sustainability of water removal, reduce the requirements for controlling the humidity of the production environment during battery production, and thus reduce production costs. At the same time, harmful byproducts such as newly generated water inside the battery during use can be removed, alleviating the performance degradation problems such as safety and lifespan caused by water and its side reactions.
[0024] In the present application, the molecular sieve has excellent hygroscopic properties and can effectively adsorb moisture inside the battery; hexane trinitrile can react chemically with moisture to generate stable compounds, thereby reducing the moisture content in the battery while being compatible with the internal environment of the lithium battery; nanoparticles can remove moisture and byproducts such as HF generated by the reaction of moisture with the electrolyte through physical adsorption, thereby enhancing the removal effect of impurities generated by the moisture reaction.
[0025] As examples, molecular sieves include, but are not limited to, natural zeolites, synthetic zeolites, and modified molecular sieves, such as titanium silicalite (such as TS-1).
[0026] In some embodiments, the nanoparticles include magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
[0027] In some embodiments, molecular sieves are coated on the surface of nanoparticles to form a nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material. This molecular sieve has a high specific surface area. By encapsulating the nanoparticles within the shell formed by the molecular sieve, a core-shell structure capable of sustained water absorption can be formed, increasing the contact area between the nanoparticles and water, thereby enhancing the water absorption efficiency of the nanoparticles and molecular sieve.
[0028] In some embodiments, the mass percentage ratio of the molecular sieve to the nanoparticles is (0.1%-10%): (90%-99.9%), for example, 0.1%:99.9%, 1%:99%, 2%:98%, 3%:97%, 4%:96%, 5%:95%, 6%:94%, 7%:93%, 8%:92%, 9%:91%, 10%:90%, etc. In this way, the hygroscopic properties and reactivity of the water-absorbing material can be controlled, so that it can continuously and effectively remove moisture during battery use.
[0029] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the nanoparticles is 100 nm-5 mm, for example, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm, 5000 nm, 10000 nm, 50000 nm, 100000 nm, 500000 nm, 1 mm, 5 mm, etc.
[0030] In some embodiments, the thickness of the molecular sieve shell of the nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material is 1 nm-3 mm, for example, it can be 100 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm, 5000 nm, 10000 nm, 50000 nm, 100000 nm, 500000 nm, 1 mm, 3 mm, etc.
[0031] See also Figure 1 In some embodiments, the molecular sieve is disposed within the first shell, and the material of the first shell is soluble in the electrolyte. Because the molecular sieve is granular, disposing the molecular sieve within the first shell can prevent dust from being generated, thereby reducing the impact on battery performance and facilitating rapid and quantitative dosing.
[0032] In some embodiments, the maximum diameter of the first shell is 50 μm-7 mm, for example, 50 μm, 100 μm, 300 μm, 500 μm, 700 μm, 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, etc.
[0033] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first shell is 500 nm-200 μm, for example, it can be 500 nm, 700 nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, etc.
[0034] It can be understood that the first shell can be elliptical, circular, quasi-elliptical, or quasi-circular, and the maximum diameter refers to the maximum value of the distance between two points on the shell surface.
[0035] In some embodiments, the material of the first shell includes one or more of polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS).
[0036] See also Figure 2In some embodiments, the hexane trinitrile is disposed within the second shell, and the material of the second shell is a slow-release material. By disposing the hexane trinitrile within the second shell, contact between the hexane trinitrile and the molecular sieve can be reduced, thereby preventing the hexane trinitrile from clogging the active sites of the molecular sieve, thereby improving the water absorption efficiency of the water-absorbing material. Furthermore, the slow-release material allows the hexane trinitrile in the second shell to be slowly released, thereby extending its duration of action and facilitating rapid quantitative administration.
[0037] In some embodiments, the material of the second shell includes one or more of a porous material, polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF), and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
[0038] In some embodiments, the diameter of the second shell is 50 μm-7 mm, for example, it can be 50 μm, 100 μm, 300 μm, 500 μm, 700 μm, 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, etc.
[0039] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second shell is 500 nm-200 μm, for example, it can be 500 nm, 700 nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, etc.
[0040] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a water-absorbing material, comprising: Molecular sieves, nanoparticles and hexanetrinitrile are provided and first mixed to obtain a water-absorbing material. The nanoparticles include one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
[0041] In some embodiments, before the first mixing, the method further comprises: The nanoparticles are encapsulated in a shell formed by a molecular sieve to obtain a nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material.
[0042] In some embodiments, before the first mixing, the method further comprises: The surface of the nanoparticles is etched with acid, and then the surface of the nanoparticles is modified with a coupling agent.
[0043] In the present application, the surface hydroxyl (-OH) density of the nanoparticles can be increased by acid etching, and the surface of the nanoparticles can be modified by a coupling agent to form an organic-inorganic interface layer, thereby enhancing the binding force between the molecular sieve and the nanoparticles.
[0044] In some embodiments, the molar concentration of the acid is 0.1 mol / L-0.5 mol / L, for example, 0.1 mol / L, 0.2 mol / L, 0.3 mol / L, 0.4 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L, etc.
[0045] As an example, the acid is dilute hydrochloric acid.
[0046] In some embodiments, the coupling agent includes a silane coupling agent.
[0047] As an example, the silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-550.
[0048] In some embodiments, encapsulating the nanoparticles in a shell formed by a molecular sieve comprises: Providing a silicon source, an aluminum source, a template agent, and a dispersant, and mixing the aluminum source, the silicon source, the template agent, and the dispersant to obtain a molecular sieve precursor solution; The nanoparticles are dispersed in a molecular sieve precursor solution, crystallized, washed and dried.
[0049] In the present application, the impregnation-crystallization method can achieve the in-situ growth of molecular sieve on the surface of nanoparticles, thereby better forming nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell materials.
[0050] In this application, the molar ratio of the silicon source to the aluminum source can be adjusted according to the target molecular sieve structure. As an example, the molar ratio of SiO2 / Al2O3 in the molecular sieve is 3-5, and the molar ratio of silicon provided by the silicon source to aluminum provided by the aluminum source is (3-5):2.
[0051] In some embodiments, the aluminum source includes aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OiPr)3).
[0052] In some embodiments, the silicon source includes tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).
[0053] In some embodiments, the template is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), thereby controlling the crystal size and pore structure of the molecular sieve.
[0054] In some embodiments, the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), thereby controlling the particle size and pore structure of the molecular sieve.
[0055] In some embodiments, the dispersion is ultrasonic dispersion, which can make the nanoparticles more uniformly adsorbed in the shell of the molecular sieve.
[0056] In some embodiments, the crystallization treatment temperature is 90° C.-120° C., for example, 90° C., 95° C., 100° C., 105° C., 110° C., 115° C., 120° C., etc., and the crystallization treatment time is 4 h-12 h, for example, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, 9 h, 10 h, 11 h, 12 h, etc. In this way, the thickness and porosity of the molecular sieve layer can be controlled.
[0057] In some embodiments, washing includes washing with deionized water and ethanol alternately to remove unreacted template and impurities.
[0058] In some embodiments, the drying temperature is 80°C-100°C, for example, it can be 80°C, 82°C, 85°C, 87°C, 90°C, 92°C, 95°C, 97°C, 100°C, etc., and the drying time is 4h-6h, for example, it can be 4h, 4.5h, 5h, 5.5h, 6h, etc.
[0059] In some embodiments, after drying, calcination is further performed to remove the template and enhance the stability of the molecular sieve framework, thereby forming nanoparticles@molecular sieve core-shell materials.
[0060] In some embodiments, the calcination temperature is 350°C-450°C, for example, it can be 350°C, 360°C, 370°C, 380°C, 390°C, 400°C, 410°C, 420°C, 430°C, 440°C, 450°C, etc., and the calcination time is 2h-3h, for example, it can be 2h, 2.2h, 2.5h, 2.7h, 2.9h, 3h, etc.
[0061] In some embodiments, before the first mixing, the method further comprises: A first shell is provided, and the nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material is arranged in the first shell to obtain a first material. The material of the first shell is soluble in an electrolyte.
[0062] In some embodiments, before the first mixing, the method further includes: providing a second shell, placing hexane trinitrile in the second shell to obtain a second material, and the material of the second shell is a sustained-release material.
[0063] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrolyte, which includes the above-mentioned water-absorbing material.
[0064] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery comprising the above-mentioned water-absorbing material.
[0065] The following describes the method in conjunction with specific embodiments.
[0066] Example 1 A water-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: (1) Surface pretreatment of magnesium oxide: magnesium oxide nanoparticles (average particle size of 3 μm) were immersed in 0.3 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid, and then a silane coupling agent was added to modify the surface of magnesium oxide to form an organic-inorganic interface layer to obtain modified magnesium oxide nanoparticles; (2) Preparation of molecular sieve precursor solution: Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OiPr)3) were mixed in a molar ratio of 4:2, and then cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to obtain a molecular sieve precursor solution; (3) The modified magnesium oxide nanoparticles were ultrasonically dispersed in the molecular sieve precursor solution, and then transferred to a high-pressure reactor, crystallized at 105°C for 7 hours, and then washed alternately with deionized water and ethanol, followed by drying at 90°C for 5 hours, and then calcined at 400°C for 2.5 hours to obtain magnesium oxide @ molecular sieve core-shell material (the thickness of the molecular sieve shell was 200 nm, and the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to molecular sieve was 0.7:99.3); (4) Filling the magnesium oxide@molecular sieve core-shell material into a polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) shell (200 μm thick and 7 mm in diameter) to obtain a first material; (5) filling hexane trinitrile into a polyethylene oxide (PEO) shell (100 μm thick, 7 mm in diameter) to obtain a second material; (6) The first material and the second material are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a water-absorbing material.
[0067] Example 2 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to molecular sieve in this embodiment is 0.1:99.9.
[0068] Example 3 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to molecular sieve in this embodiment is 10:90.
[0069] Example 4 This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) shell is replaced with a polypropylene carbonate (PPC) shell in this embodiment.
[0070] Example 5 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the polyethylene oxide (PEO) shell is replaced with a polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF) shell in this embodiment.
[0071] Example 6 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that this embodiment does not include a polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) shell.
[0072] Example 7 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that there is no polyethylene oxide (PEO) shell in this embodiment.
[0073] Example 8 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the thickness of the polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) shell in this embodiment is 500 nm.
[0074] Example 9 This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the thickness of the polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) shell in this embodiment is 1 μm.
[0075] Example 10 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the thickness of the polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) shell in this embodiment is 5 μm.
[0076] Example 11 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that step (3) in this embodiment is: ultrasonically dispersing the modified magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the molecular sieve precursor solution, then transferring it to a high-pressure reactor, crystallizing it at 109°C for 10 hours, then washing it alternately with deionized water and ethanol, then drying it at 90°C for 5 hours, and then calcining it at 400°C for 2.5 hours to obtain magnesium oxide @ molecular sieve core-shell material (the thickness of the molecular sieve shell is 500 nm, and the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to molecular sieve is 0.7:99.3).
[0077] Example 12 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that step (3) in this embodiment is: ultrasonically dispersing the modified magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the molecular sieve precursor solution, then transferring it to a high-pressure reactor, crystallizing it at 114°C for 12 hours, then washing it alternately with deionized water and ethanol, then drying it at 90°C for 5 hours, and then calcining it at 400°C for 2.5 hours to obtain a magnesium oxide @ molecular sieve core-shell material (the thickness of the molecular sieve shell is 1 μm, and the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to molecular sieve is 0.7:99.3).
[0078] Example 13 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the average particle size of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles in this embodiment is 10 μm.
[0079] Example 14 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the average particle size of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles in this embodiment is 50 μm.
[0080] Example 15 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the average particle size of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles in this embodiment is 200 μm.
[0081] Example 16 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the average particle size of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles in this embodiment is 500 μm.
[0082] Example 17 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the average particle size of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles in this embodiment is 1 mm.
[0083] Example 18 This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, with the only difference being that the average particle size of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles in this embodiment is 5 mm.
[0084] Test Example: The water-absorbing material obtained in the Example was placed in the electrolyte of a battery, and the battery's capacity retention and calendar life were tested. Five sets of blank experiments were also conducted (i.e., no water-absorbing material was added to the battery's electrolyte). The test data are shown in Table 1.
[0085] Calendar life refers to the percentage of battery capacity after a certain period of time compared to the capacity of the battery in its initial state.
[0086] Capacity retention rate = battery capacity after cycle / initial capacity value * 100% Table 1
[0087] From Table 1 we can see that: Compared with blank experiments 1-5, the embodiment can improve the capacity retention rate and calendar life of the battery by adding water-absorbing materials to the electrolyte of the battery.
[0088] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
Claims
1. A water-absorbing material, characterized in that: The invention comprises molecular sieve, nanoparticles and hexanetrinitrile, wherein the nanoparticles comprise one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
2. The water-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that The nanoparticles include magnesium oxide nanoparticles; and / or The average particle size of the nanoparticles is 100 nm to 5 mm; and / or The molecular sieve is coated on the surface of the nanoparticles to form a nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material.
3. The water-absorbing material according to claim 2, characterized in that The thickness of the molecular sieve shell of the nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material is 1 nm-3 mm; and / or The mass percentage ratio of the molecular sieve and the nanoparticles is (0.1%-10%): (90%-99.9%).
4. The water-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that The molecular sieve is disposed in a first shell, the material of the first shell being soluble in the electrolyte; and / or The hexane trinitrile is disposed in a second shell, and the material of the second shell is a slow-release material.
5. The water-absorbing material according to claim 4, characterized in that The maximum diameter of the first shell is 50 μm-7 mm; and / or The thickness of the first shell is 500 nm-200 μm; and / or The material of the first shell includes one or more of polypropylene carbonate and polystyrene sulfonic acid; and / or The material of the second shell includes one or more of porous material, polyvinylidene fluoride resin and polyethylene oxide; and / or The diameter of the second shell is 50 μm-7 mm; and / or The thickness of the second shell is 500 nm-200 μm.
6. A method for preparing a water-absorbing material, characterized in that: include: Molecular sieves, nanoparticles and hexanetrinitrile are provided and first mixed to obtain a water-absorbing material. The nanoparticles include one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
7. The method for preparing a water-absorbing material according to claim 6, wherein: Before the first mixing, the method further comprises: The nanoparticles are coated in a shell formed by the molecular sieve to obtain a nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material.
8. The method for preparing a water-absorbing material according to claim 7, wherein: Before the first mixing, the method further comprises: The surface of the nanoparticles is etched with acid, and then the surface of the nanoparticles is modified with a coupling agent.
9. The method for preparing a water-absorbing material according to claim 6, wherein: The step of encapsulating the nanoparticles in a shell formed by the molecular sieve comprises: Providing a silicon source, an aluminum source, a template, and a dispersant, and mixing the aluminum source, the silicon source, the template, and the dispersant to obtain a molecular sieve precursor solution; The nanoparticles are dispersed in the molecular sieve precursor solution, subjected to crystallization treatment, and then washed and dried.
10. The method for preparing a water-absorbing material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature of the crystallization treatment is 90° C.-120° C., and the time of the crystallization treatment is 4 h-12 h; and / or The drying temperature is 80°C-100°C, and the drying time is 4h-6h; and / or After the drying, the process further comprises calcination, wherein the calcination temperature is 350° C.-450° C. and the calcination time is 2 h-3 h.
11. The method for preparing a water-absorbing material according to claim 7, wherein: Before the first mixing, the method further comprises: Providing a first shell, placing the nanoparticle@molecular sieve core-shell material in the first shell to obtain a first material, wherein the material of the first shell is soluble in an electrolyte; and / or A second shell is provided, and the hexane trinitrile is disposed in the second shell to obtain a second material, wherein the material of the second shell is a sustained-release material.
12. An electrolyte, characterized in that: The invention comprises the water-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the water-absorbing material prepared by the method for preparing the water-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
13. A battery, characterized in that: The invention comprises the water-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the water-absorbing material prepared by the method for preparing the water-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.