PCB welding tool and welding method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of welding fixture technology, specifically a PCB board welding fixture and its welding method; it includes a fixture table; a lifting and suspending assembly is provided on the fixture table; the lifting and suspending assembly includes a lifting square tube, which is connected through to the top of a placement frame, and the two are slidably engaged; the end of the lifting square tube near the fixture table is open and slidably connected to a lifting square column; the end of the lifting square tube away from the fixture table contacts the PCB board; an air storage rectangular frame is located on the top of the fixture table; the placement frame is located inside the air storage rectangular frame; the air storage rectangular frame is provided with a light-touch anti-damage device; it avoids displacement caused by excessively loose clamping and damage caused by excessively tight clamping, while reducing surface damage caused by excessive local pressure, reducing material consumption and production costs, and improving the welding qualification rate and effect of the PCB board, thus reducing the limitations of welding fixtures in application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of welding fixture technology, specifically a PCB board welding fixture and its welding method. Background Technology

[0002] PCB soldering fixtures are auxiliary tools specifically designed for the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) soldering process. They are used to fix and position PCB boards and components to ensure the accuracy, efficiency, and consistency of soldering operations, while reducing human error and labor intensity. When using fixtures to fix PCB boards for soldering, the type of PCB board to be soldered must be selected comprehensively based on factors such as product performance requirements, application scenarios, and cost budgets. However, different PCB boards have significantly different pressure-bearing capacities, making it difficult for existing soldering fixtures to apply appropriate clamping force to different boards. This can easily lead to two problems: excessively loose clamping can cause board displacement during soldering, affecting solder joint quality; excessively tight clamping can cause board deformation, cracking, or even damage to internal circuit layers. These problems not only reduce the soldering pass rate and soldering effect of PCB boards, but also, for thinner PCB boards, excessive clamping force is more likely to cause damage, which further increases material waste and production costs, ultimately resulting in a strong limitation in the application of PCB soldering fixtures. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a PCB board welding fixture and welding method thereof, which effectively solves the problems in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a PCB board welding fixture, including a fixture table; a placement frame is mounted on the fixture table, and the PCB board is placed on top of the placement frame; a lifting and suspending assembly is provided on the fixture table, which is used to lift the PCB board to be welded into the air for operation; the lifting and suspending assembly includes a lifting square tube, which is connected through to the top of the placement frame, and the two are slidably engaged; the end of the lifting square tube near the fixture table is open, and a lifting square column is slidably connected thereto; the end of the lifting square tube away from the fixture table is in contact with the PCB board;

[0005] An air-storage rectangular frame is located on top of the tooling table; the placement frame is located inside the air-storage rectangular frame; a light-touch anti-damage device is provided on the air-storage rectangular frame to achieve flexible force when clamping the PCB board; the light-touch anti-damage device includes a braking cylinder, which is installed on the side of the air-storage rectangular frame near the tooling table; a frequency-tuning positioning unit is provided on the lifting cylinder, which provides power for driving the light-touch anti-damage device by connecting to the air-storage rectangular frame; the frequency-tuning positioning unit includes a first limiting plate, which is fixedly installed on the lifting cylinder; the bottom of the placement frame is located on the moving path of the first limiting plate;

[0006] It also includes an E-type air tube, with its central port being the input end, installed on the outer wall of the air storage rectangular frame; the remaining ports are output ends; the output end of the E-type air tube faces the PCB board; a B valve is provided inside the E-type air tube;

[0007] A pressure column is connected to the output port of the E-type endotracheal tube, and the two are slidably fitted together; a first base is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame, which is connected to the E-type endotracheal tube; a pressure base block is fixedly installed on the end of the pressure column away from the E-type endotracheal tube; a pressure spring is sleeved on the pressure column, with one end fixedly connected to the pressure base block and the other end fixedly connected to the pressure base block; the two pressure columns are respectively located at the top and bottom of the gas storage rectangular frame; the two pressure base blocks are connected together to a positioning plate, which is located inside the gas storage rectangular frame; a gas storage rubber bladder is also included, which is fixedly connected to the positioning plate on the side away from the E-type endotracheal tube;

[0008] A corrugated square tube is installed at one end on the positioning plate away from the gas storage rubber bladder, and at the other end on the inner wall of the gas storage rectangular frame; a C valve is provided inside the corrugated square tube; the corrugated square tube and the gas storage rectangular frame are connected; the corrugated square tube is also connected to the gas storage rubber bladder through the positioning plate; the side of the PCB board is located on the moving path of the gas storage rubber bladder.

[0009] Preferably, it includes a mounting bracket connected to the bottom of the tooling table; a drive motor is connected to the mounting bracket;

[0010] A lifting screw is installed on the top of the tooling table; the output end of the drive motor is connected to the lifting screw.

[0011] A displacement threaded block is threadedly connected to a lifting screw; a displacement toothed column is fixedly installed on the displacement threaded block; the displacement toothed column is connected through to the bottom of the tooling table, and the two are slidably engaged.

[0012] Preferably, it includes a displacement gear, which is mounted on the bottom of the tooling table; the displacement gear and the displacement spur are meshed together.

[0013] A lifting connecting block is fixedly connected to the displacement toothed column and located on the top of the tooling table; a retaining block is installed on the lifting connecting block and is fixedly connected to the lifting column.

[0014] A lifting spring is sleeved on the lifting square tube; one end of the lifting spring is fixedly connected to the fixing block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first limiting plate.

[0015] Preferably, it includes a second limiting plate, which is fixedly installed on the brake square tube; the bottom of the placement frame is located on the moving path of the second limiting plate; both the second limiting plate and the placement frame are provided with contact pieces on their opposite surfaces, and the two contact pieces are electrically connected.

[0016] The brake column is slidably connected inside the brake cylinder;

[0017] A brake spring is located inside the brake square tube; one end of the brake spring is fixedly connected to the bottom surface inside the brake square tube, and the other end is fixedly connected to the brake square post.

[0018] The L-shaped square column is fixedly connected at one end to the fixed block and at the other end to the braking square column.

[0019] U-shaped air tube; one end of the U-shaped air tube is connected to the brake square tube, and the two are connected; the other end of the U-shaped air tube is connected to the air storage rectangular frame, and the two are connected; valve A is provided inside the U-shaped air tube; the position of the first limiting plate is higher than that of the second limiting plate.

[0020] Preferably, the displacement gear is provided with a parallel energy absorption mechanism; the parallel energy absorption mechanism includes a first pulley, which is mounted on the displacement gear;

[0021] The second pulley is installed on the outer wall of the gas storage rectangular frame; a guide gear is also connected to the second pulley;

[0022] An elastic transmission belt, one end of which is connected to the first pulley and the other end of which is connected to the second pulley;

[0023] An electric telescopic rod is mounted on a tooling table; a tensioning wheel is mounted on the output end of the electric telescopic rod; the tensioning wheel is located inside the elastic transmission belt and contacts one of the inner surfaces of the elastic transmission belt.

[0024] Guide racks; two guide racks are located on both sides of the guide gear and mesh with each other; guide slide pins are installed on the guide racks; a second base is fixedly installed on the gas storage frame; the guide slide pins are connected through the second base and slide in cooperation with each other; a positioning block is installed on each of the two guide racks.

[0025] Preferably, it includes a positioning L-tube with its output end facing the PCB board; the positioning L-tube is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame and the two are connected;

[0026] A positioning cylinder is connected to the output end of the positioning L-tube, and the two are slidably fitted together; a limiting cross plate is fixedly installed at the end of the positioning cylinder away from the positioning L-tube; a third base is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame, which is installed on the outside of the output end of the positioning L-tube.

[0027] A positioning spring is sleeved on a positioning cylinder; one end of the positioning spring is fixedly connected to a third base, and the other end is fixedly connected to a limiting horizontal plate; a limiting groove is provided on the side of the limiting horizontal plate away from the positioning cylinder, and a limiting sliding column is installed in the limiting groove.

[0028] Preferably, it includes positioning T-plates; two positioning T-plates are symmetrically connected within a limiting groove, and the two are slidably engaged; a limiting spring is sleeved on the limiting slide column, one end of which is connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove, and the other end is connected to the positioning T-plate; two positioning blocks correspond to the positions of the two positioning T-plates respectively; actuating wheels are installed on the opposite sides of the two positioning T-plates, which are located on the moving path of the positioning blocks; a driving cylinder is installed through the opposite surfaces of the two positioning T-plates, and the two are slidably engaged; an energy-absorbing inclined block is installed at the opposite ends of the two driving cylinders; the PCB board is located on the moving path of the energy-absorbing inclined block;

[0029] A drive spring is sleeved on a drive cylinder; one end of the drive spring is fixedly connected to a positioning T-plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to an energy-absorbing inclined block, with its inclined surface facing the side of the PCB board.

[0030] This invention also provides a welding method for a PCB board welding fixture, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Place the PCB board on top of the placement rack, and use the lifting and air-holding assembly to lift the PCB board into the air for multi-faceted operation;

[0032] S2. Operate the light-touch anti-damage device to clamp the PCB board at the current height position, and provide flexible clamping force.

[0033] As can be seen from the above, the PCB welding fixture provided by this invention has the effect of clamping the PCB, and the clamping force on the PCB is flexible. At the same time, the buffering force brought by the air-filled rubber bladder and the compression spring can reduce the impact force caused during PCB welding, thereby improving the stability of PCB welding. The clamping force of the positioning plate is transmitted through the air-filled rubber bladder. The air-filled rubber bladder will generate different compression amounts due to the different space occupied by different thicknesses of the board. Its elastic deformation and buffering characteristics can adaptively match the actual force transmitted to the board with different pressure bearing capacities, avoiding displacement caused by excessively loose clamping and preventing damage caused by excessively tight clamping. At the same time, it reduces surface damage caused by excessive local pressure, reduces material consumption and production costs, and improves the welding qualification rate and welding effect of the PCB. Moreover, after the air-filled rubber bladder comes into contact with the PCB, it deforms, which increases its contact area with the side of the PCB, thereby improving the clamping effect on the PCB and further reducing the limitations of PCB in the application of the fixture. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0035] In the attached diagram:

[0036] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the tooling table of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gas storage rectangular frame structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the E-type trachea structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing inclined block structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is the second schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the U-shaped trachea of ​​the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the gas-storing rubber bladder of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting connection block structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning elongated block structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the L-shaped square column structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning wheel structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the trigger wheel structure of the present invention;

[0049] In the diagram: 1. Tooling table; 2. Placement rack; 3. Lifting square cylinder; 4. Lifting square column; 5. Air storage rectangular frame; 6. Braking square cylinder; 7. First limiting plate; 8. Mounting frame; 9. Drive motor; 10. Lifting screw; 11. Displacement threaded block; 12. Displacement gear; 13. Displacement gear; 14. Lifting connecting block; 15. Fixing block; 16. Lifting spring; 17. Second limiting plate; 18. Contact plate; 19. Braking square column; 20. Braking spring; 21. L-shaped square column; 22. U-shaped air pipe; 23. E-shaped air pipe; 24. Pressing column; 25. First base; 26. Pressing base block; 27. Pressing spring; 28. Positioning plate; 29. ​​Air storage rubber bladder; 30. Corrugated square tube; 31. First pulley; 32. Second pulley; 33. Guide gear; 34. Elastic transmission belt; 35. Electric telescopic rod; 36. Tensioning wheel; 37. Guide rack; 38. Guide slide column; 39. Second base; 40. Positioning long block; 41. Positioning L-tube; 42. Positioning cylinder; 43. Limiting horizontal plate; 44. Third base; 45. Positioning spring; 46. Limiting slide groove; 47. Limiting slide column; 48. Positioning T-plate; 49. Limiting spring; 50. Actuating wheel; 51. Driving cylinder; 52. Energy-absorbing inclined block; 53. Driving spring. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Implementation examples, by Figures 1 to 13 The present invention includes a tooling table 1; a placement rack 2 is mounted on the tooling table 1, and a PCB board is placed on top of the placement rack 2; a lifting and suspending assembly is provided on the tooling table 1, which is used to lift the PCB board to be soldered into the air for operation; the lifting and suspending assembly includes a lifting square tube 3, which is connected through to the top of the placement rack 2, and the two are slidably engaged; the end of the lifting square tube 3 near the tooling table 1 is open, and a lifting square column 4 is slidably connected thereto; the end of the lifting square tube 3 away from the tooling table 1 is in contact with the PCB board;

[0052] An air storage rectangular frame 5 is located on the top of the tooling table 1; the placement rack 2 is located inside the air storage rectangular frame 5; the air storage rectangular frame 5 is equipped with a light-touch anti-damage device to achieve flexible force when clamping the PCB board.

[0053] Mounting bracket 8 is connected to the bottom of tooling table 1; a drive motor 9 is connected to the mounting bracket 8.

[0054] The lifting screw 10 is mounted on the top of the tooling table 1; the output end of the drive motor 9 is connected to the lifting screw 10.

[0055] A displacement threaded block 11 is threadedly connected to a lifting screw 10; a displacement toothed column 12 is fixedly installed on the displacement threaded block 11; the displacement toothed column 12 is connected through to the bottom of the tooling table 1, and the two are slidably engaged.

[0056] A displacement gear 13 is mounted on the bottom of the tooling table 1; the displacement gear 13 is meshed with the displacement gear 12.

[0057] The lifting connecting block 14 is fixedly connected to the displacement toothed column 12 and located on the top of the tooling table 1; a retaining block 15 is installed on the lifting connecting block 14 and is fixedly connected to the lifting column 4.

[0058] A lifting spring 16 is sleeved on the lifting square tube 3; one end of the lifting spring 16 is fixedly connected to the fixing block 15, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first limiting plate 7.

[0059] The operator simply places the PCB board to be soldered on the placement rack 2, and then starts the drive motor 9, causing its output end to drive the lifting screw 10 to rotate. This causes the threaded displacement block 11 to move at the upper limit of the tooling table 1 via the displacement gear 12. Under the action of the lifting connecting block 14, the lifting column 4 moves, which is connected to the lifting cylinder 3 via the lifting spring 16. This allows the lifting cylinder 3 to move at the upper limit of the placement rack 2, thus pushing the PCB board upwards until the first limiting plate 7 on the lifting cylinder 3 contacts the bottom of the placement rack 2, thereby limiting the lifting cylinder 3 to the current height. This limits the PCB board on the lifting cylinder 3 to the current height for operation, allowing the PCB board to be soldered. The aerial operation allows the robotic arm to simultaneously weld the top and bottom of the PCB board using the welding torch, reducing the limitations of the welding fixture and improving the welding effect and efficiency. Furthermore, once the PCB board is moved into the air, there is no significant contact between the bottom and top, facilitating airflow and preventing excessive heat from affecting the PCB board itself, thus improving heat dissipation. Additionally, after the PCB board stops at its current height, the subsequent movement of the air-storing frame 5 allows the light-touch anti-damage device on it to limit and clamp the PCB board, preventing wobbling during welding and reducing welding accuracy, thereby improving the welding precision of the fixture.

[0060] The light-touch anti-damage device in this embodiment includes a brake square tube 6, which is installed on the side of the air storage rectangular frame 5 near the tooling table 1.

[0061] The E-type air tube 23 has a middle port as the input end, which is installed on the outer wall of the air storage rectangular frame 5; the other ports are output ends; the output ends of the E-type air tube 23 face the PCB board; and a B valve is provided inside the E-type air tube 23.

[0062] A pressure column 24 is connected to the output port of the E-type air tube 23, and the two are slidably engaged; a first base 25 is installed on the air storage rectangular frame 5, which is connected to the E-type air tube 23; a pressure base block 26 is fixedly installed at the end of the pressure column 24 away from the E-type air tube 23; a pressure spring 27 is sleeved on the pressure column 24, one end of which is fixedly connected to the pressure base block 26, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the pressure base block 26; the two pressure columns 24 are respectively located at the top and bottom of the air storage rectangular frame 5; the two pressure base blocks 26 are connected together to a positioning plate 28, which is located inside the air storage rectangular frame 5;

[0063] The gas-storing rubber bladder 29 is fixedly connected to the positioning plate 28 on the side away from the E-type air tube 23;

[0064] A corrugated square tube 30 is installed at one end on the positioning plate 28 away from the gas storage rubber bladder 29, and at the other end on the inner wall of the gas storage rectangular frame 5; a C valve is provided inside the corrugated square tube 30; the corrugated square tube 30 and the gas storage rectangular frame 5 are connected; the corrugated square tube 30 is also connected to the gas storage rubber bladder 29 through the positioning plate 28; the side of the PCB board is located on the moving path of the gas storage rubber bladder 29;

[0065] After the gas storage frame 5 is moved to the PCB board by the lifting and suspending assembly, it is positioned inside the gas storage frame 5, which places the side of the PCB board within the working range of the light-touch anti-damage device. At this time, gas continuously flows into the gas storage frame 5 through the frequency modulation positioning unit, and the B valve at the E-type air pipe 23 is opened, allowing the gas entering the gas storage frame 5 to enter the input end of the E-type air pipe 23. This gas then pushes against the pressure column 24 at its output end, causing it to move at the output port of the E-type air pipe 23, thereby moving the positioning plate 28 to move closer to the... The positioning plates 28 move closer to the PCB board and engage with it, causing the compression spring 27 to be in a buffered state. This allows the positioning plates 28 to move closer to the side of the PCB board and engage with it, clamping the PCB board and fixing it at the current height for soldering operations. This prevents instability caused by shaking during use from affecting the soldering effect of the device. Simultaneously, as the positioning plates 28 move closer to the PCB board, they stretch the corrugated square tube 30. This opens the C valve inside the corrugated square tube 30, allowing some of the gas in the gas storage frame 5 to be diverted into the corrugated square tube 30, thus delivering the gas to the storage container. The air-filled rubber bladder 29 expands, allowing the positioning plate 28 to contact the PCB board through the expanded air-filled rubber bladder 29, thus providing a flexible clamping force. Simultaneously, the buffering force provided by the air-filled rubber bladder 29 and the compression spring 27 reduces the impact force during PCB board soldering, improving the stability of the PCB board during soldering. The clamping force of the positioning plate 28 is transmitted through the air-filled rubber bladder 29. The air-filled rubber bladder 29 experiences different compression amounts depending on the thickness of the board material, and its elastic deformation and buffering characteristics allow the actual force transmitted to boards with different pressure capacities to adapt adaptively. This avoids displacement caused by excessively loose clamping and damage caused by excessively tight clamping, while reducing surface damage from excessive local pressure, lowering material consumption and production costs, and improving the PCB board soldering pass rate and soldering effect. Furthermore, the air-filled rubber bladder 29 deforms upon contact with the PCB board, increasing its contact area with the side of the PCB board, further enhancing the clamping effect and reducing the limitations of the PCB board in tooling applications.

[0066] In this embodiment, a frequency modulation positioning unit is provided on the lifting cylinder 3. This unit provides power for driving the light-touch anti-damage device by connecting to the air storage frame 5. The frequency modulation positioning unit includes a first limiting plate 7, which is fixedly installed on the lifting cylinder 3. The bottom of the placement frame 2 is located on the moving path of the first limiting plate 7.

[0067] The second limiting plate 17 is fixedly installed on the brake square tube 6; the bottom of the placement frame 2 is located on the moving path of the second limiting plate 17; the second limiting plate 17 and the placement frame 2 are provided with contact pieces 18 on their opposite sides, and the two contact pieces 18 are electrically connected.

[0068] Braking column 19 is slidably connected inside braking cylinder 6;

[0069] A brake spring 20 is located inside the brake square cylinder 6; one end of the brake spring 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the brake square cylinder 6, and the other end is fixedly connected to the brake square post 19.

[0070] L-shaped square column 21, one end of which is fixedly connected to the fixed block 15, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the braking square column 19;

[0071] U-shaped air tube 22; one end of the U-shaped air tube 22 is connected to the brake square tube 6, and the two are connected; the other end of the U-shaped air tube 22 is connected to the air storage rectangular frame 5, and the two are connected; valve A is provided inside the U-shaped air tube 22; the position of the first limiting plate 7 is higher than that of the second limiting plate 17;

[0072] After the lifting and holding assembly raises the PCB board to a designated height, the first limiting plate 7 on the moving lifting cylinder 3 contacts the bottom of the placement frame 2, preventing the lifting cylinder 3 from moving further upward. This keeps the PCB board on the lifting cylinder 3 at its current height for operation. At this point, by operating the lifting and holding assembly to continue moving the lifting connecting block 14 upward, since the lifting cylinder 3 is limited to its current position and cannot move, the fixing block 15 on the lifting connecting block 14 causes the lifting column 4 to move within the lifting cylinder 3, limiting its movement. This keeps the lifting spring 16 in a buffered state. Simultaneously, because the first limiting plate 7 is higher than the second limiting plate 17, the braking cylinder 6 on the second limiting plate 17 can continue to move, allowing the PCB board on it to... The air storage rectangular frame 5 continues to move upwards until it is positioned behind the PCB board at its current height. This causes the second limiting plate 17 on the brake cylinder 6 to contact the bottom of the placement frame 2, thus fixing the air storage rectangular frame 5 in its current position, i.e., at the PCB board. This allows the light-touch anti-damage device on the air storage rectangular frame 5 to be used for flexible clamping of the PCB board within the air storage rectangular frame 5. At this time, the lifting connecting block 14 continues to move upwards, further fixing the positions of the air storage rectangular frame 5 and the PCB board in their current positions to prevent deviation. Simultaneously, the second limiting plate 17 and the placement frame 2 are both equipped with contact pieces 18, which are used to open valve A and valve B in the E-type air pipe 23 at the light-touch anti-damage device. At this time, the L-shaped rectangular column... The brake column 19 on 21 is limited within the brake cylinder 6, causing the brake spring 20 to be in a buffered state. This compresses the space inside the brake cylinder 6, allowing the gas inside to continuously enter the air storage frame 5 through the U-shaped air pipe 22. This provides power to the tactile anti-damage device, enabling it to clamp the PCB board located within the air storage frame 5. Simultaneously, after the tactile anti-damage device clamps the PCB board, closing valve B prevents the device from dislodging due to non-human factors, reducing the limitations of the device in use. At the same time, opening the valve in the positioning L-pipe 41 at the parallel energy absorption mechanism allows the gas entering the air storage frame 5 to flow into the positioning L-pipe 41, which is used to deflect the energy absorption oblique... Block 52 moves to the top and bottom of the PCB board. At the same time, the braking column 19 is still limited within the braking cylinder 6, so that the displacement tooth column 12 is still in a continuous upward state, which is used to drive the energy-absorbing inclined block 52 to move closer to the top and bottom of the PCB board, thereby reducing the impact force on the PCB board during welding and improving welding stability and accuracy. The entire working process is carried out in batches through the operation of the frequency modulation positioning unit, and the process does not require manual intervention, which improves the welding and use effect of the device. At the same time, after the PCB board is lifted, the air storage frame 5 is moved up to the PCB board so that it is within the air storage frame 5. The air storage frame 5 can facilitate the reference positioning of the robotic arm used for welding, avoiding operational deviations from affecting welding accuracy.

[0073] In this embodiment, a parallel energy absorption mechanism is provided on the displacement gear 13; the parallel energy absorption mechanism includes a first pulley 31, which is mounted on the displacement gear 13;

[0074] The second pulley 32 is installed on the outer wall of the air storage rectangular frame 5; a guide gear 33 is also connected to the second pulley 32.

[0075] The elastic transmission belt 34 has one end connected to the first pulley 31 and the other end connected to the second pulley 32;

[0076] An electric telescopic rod 35 is installed on a tooling table 1; a tension wheel 36 is installed on the output end of the electric telescopic rod 35; the tension wheel 36 is located inside the elastic transmission belt 34 and contacts one of the inner surfaces of the elastic transmission belt 34.

[0077] Guide racks 37; two guide racks 37 are located on both sides of the guide gear 33 and mesh with each other; guide slide pins 38 are installed on the guide racks 37; a second base 39 is fixedly installed on the air storage frame 5; the guide slide pins 38 are connected through the second base 39 and the two slide in fit; a positioning block 40 is installed on each of the two guide racks 37;

[0078] Positioning L-tube 41, with its output end facing the PCB board; the positioning L-tube 41 is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame 5, and the two are connected;

[0079] A positioning cylinder 42 is connected to the output end of the positioning L-tube 41, and the two are slidably fitted together; a limiting cross plate 43 is fixedly installed on the end of the positioning cylinder 42 away from the positioning L-tube 41; a third base 44 is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame 5, which is installed on the outside of the output end of the positioning L-tube 41.

[0080] A positioning spring 45 is sleeved on a positioning cylinder 42; one end of the positioning spring 45 is fixedly connected to a third base 44, and the other end is fixedly connected to a limiting horizontal plate 43; the limiting horizontal plate 43 is provided with a limiting groove 46 on the side away from the positioning cylinder 42, and a limiting sliding post 47 is installed in the limiting groove 46.

[0081] Positioning T-plates 48; two positioning T-plates 48 are symmetrically connected within the limiting slide groove 46, and the two are slidably engaged; a limiting spring 49 is sleeved on the limiting slide column 47, one end of which is connected to the inner wall of the limiting slide groove 46, and the other end is connected to the positioning T-plates 48; two positioning blocks 40 are respectively positioned opposite to the two positioning T-plates 48; actuating wheels 50 are installed on the opposite back surfaces of the two positioning T-plates 48, which are located on the moving path of the positioning blocks 40; driving cylinders 51 are installed through the opposite surfaces of the two positioning T-plates 48, and the two are slidably engaged; energy-absorbing inclined blocks 52 are installed at the opposite ends of the two driving cylinders 51; the PCB board is located on the moving path of the energy-absorbing inclined blocks 52;

[0082] A drive spring 53 is sleeved on a drive cylinder 51; one end of the drive spring 53 is fixedly connected to a positioning T plate 48, and the other end is fixedly connected to an energy-absorbing inclined block 52, with its inclined surface facing the side of the PCB board.

[0083] When the gas storage frame 5 moves upward, the moving displacement pinion 12 meshes with the displacement gear 13 and rotates. Under the action of the first pulley 31 and the elastic transmission belt 34, it drives the second pulley 32 to rotate, causing the guide gear 33 on it to rotate and mesh with the two guide racks 37 to move relative to each other. This causes the guide slide pin 38 to move to the upper limit of the second base 39, thereby causing the two positioning blocks 40 to move relative to each other, both moving closer to the touch wheel 50 and making contact. This pushes the positioning T plate 48 on the touch wheel 50 to move within the limiting slide groove 46 at the limiting horizontal plate 43, so that the limiting spring 49 is in a buffer state, thereby causing the two positioning T plates 48 to move relative to each other. The positioning T plates 48 are essentially set on the gas storage frame 5 and move together. When the gas storage frame 5 is limited to the area around the lifted PCB board, the displacement pinion 12 continues to move, causing the positioning T plates 48 to continue to move. This movement causes the valve (not shown in the figure) in the positioning L pipe 41 to open and gas to gush out. The positioning cylinder 42 is positioned so that it moves within the output end of the positioning L-tube 41, thus placing the positioning spring 45 in a buffer state. This causes the limiting horizontal plate 43 to move closer to the side of the PCB board. The positioning T-plate 48 is set on the limiting horizontal plate 43. In other words, when the gas storage rectangular frame 5 is limited, the movement of the positioning T-plate 48 is diagonal, causing the two positioning T-plates 48 on the limiting horizontal plate 43 to move to the top and bottom of the PCB board respectively. Through the driving cylinder 51 and the driving spring 53, the energy-absorbing inclined block 52 is moved closer to the PCB board, so that the two energy-absorbing inclined blocks 52 contact the PCB board. This supports and positions the PCB board while the buffer force provided by the energy-absorbing inclined block 52 itself and the driving spring 53 further reduces the impact force on the PCB board during welding, improves the stability of PCB board welding, and limits it in multiple directions to avoid deviation of the welding position due to the offset of the PCB board when welding electronic components, thus improving welding accuracy.

[0084] It is worth mentioning that when the air storage frame 5 moves upward and drives the second pulley 32 to move synchronously, the distance between it and the first pulley 31 will increase. At this time, the elastic transmission belt 34 is stretched, causing it to deform without affecting the transmission. When the second pulley 32 moves back to its original position, the elastic transmission belt 34 slowly returns to its original position. However, prolonged use will cause the elastic transmission belt 34 to loosen and affect the transmission efficiency. At this time, by operating the electric telescopic rod 35, it drives the tension wheel 36 to move. The tension wheel 36 contacts the elastic transmission belt 34 and is used to pull the elastic transmission belt 34, which can be used to adjust its tension. This avoids the low transmission efficiency caused by the looseness of the elastic transmission belt 34, which would affect the performance of the parallel energy absorption mechanism.

[0085] This invention also provides a welding method for a PCB board welding fixture, comprising the following steps:

[0086] S1. Place the PCB board on top of the placement rack 2, and use the lifting and air-holding assembly to lift the PCB board into the air for multi-face operation;

[0087] S2. Operate the light-touch anti-damage device to clamp the PCB board at the current height position, and provide flexible clamping force.

[0088] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A PCB board welding fixture, comprising a fixture table; characterized in that: A placement rack is installed on the tooling table, and the PCB board is placed on top of the placement rack. A lifting and suspending assembly is provided on the tooling table, which is used to lift the PCB board to be soldered into the air for operation. The lifting and suspending assembly includes a lifting square tube, which is connected through to the top of the placement rack, and the two are slidably engaged. The end of the lifting square tube near the tooling table is open and is slidably connected to a lifting square column. The end of the lifting square tube away from the tooling table is in contact with the PCB board. An air-storage rectangular frame is located on top of the tooling table; the placement frame is located inside the air-storage rectangular frame; a light-touch anti-damage device is provided on the air-storage rectangular frame to achieve flexible force when clamping the PCB board; the light-touch anti-damage device includes a braking cylinder, which is installed on the side of the air-storage rectangular frame near the tooling table; a frequency-tuning positioning unit is provided on the lifting cylinder, which provides power for driving the light-touch anti-damage device by connecting to the air-storage rectangular frame; the frequency-tuning positioning unit includes a first limiting plate, which is fixedly installed on the lifting cylinder; the bottom of the placement frame is located on the moving path of the first limiting plate; It also includes an E-type air tube, with its central port being the input end, installed on the outer wall of the air storage rectangular frame; the remaining ports are output ends; the output end of the E-type air tube faces the PCB board; a B valve is provided inside the E-type air tube; A pressure column is connected to the output port of the E-type endotracheal tube, and the two are slidably fitted together; a first base is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame, which is connected to the E-type endotracheal tube; a pressure base block is fixedly installed on the end of the pressure column away from the E-type endotracheal tube; a pressure spring is sleeved on the pressure column, with one end fixedly connected to the pressure base block and the other end fixedly connected to the pressure base block; the two pressure columns are respectively located at the top and bottom of the gas storage rectangular frame; the two pressure base blocks are connected together to a positioning plate, which is located inside the gas storage rectangular frame; a gas storage rubber bladder is also included, which is fixedly connected to the positioning plate on the side away from the E-type endotracheal tube; A corrugated square tube is installed at one end on the positioning plate away from the gas storage rubber bladder, and at the other end on the inner wall of the gas storage rectangular frame; a C valve is provided inside the corrugated square tube; the corrugated square tube and the gas storage rectangular frame are connected; the corrugated square tube is also connected to the gas storage rubber bladder through the positioning plate; the side of the PCB board is located on the moving path of the gas storage rubber bladder.

2. The PCB board welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes a mounting bracket connected to the bottom of the tooling table; a drive motor is connected to the mounting bracket. The lifting screw is installed on the top of the tooling table; The output end of the drive motor is connected to the lifting screw. A displacement threaded block is threadedly connected to a lifting screw; a displacement toothed column is fixedly installed on the displacement threaded block; the displacement toothed column is connected through to the bottom of the tooling table, and the two are slidably engaged.

3. The PCB board welding fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: Includes a displacement gear, which is mounted on the bottom of the tooling table; the displacement gear and the displacement spur are meshed together; A lifting connecting block is fixedly connected to the displacement toothed column and located on the top of the tooling table; a retaining block is installed on the lifting connecting block and is fixedly connected to the lifting column. A lifting spring is sleeved on the lifting square tube; one end of the lifting spring is fixedly connected to the fixing block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first limiting plate.

4. The PCB board welding fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that: It includes a second limiting plate, which is fixedly installed on the brake square tube; the bottom of the placement frame is located on the moving path of the second limiting plate; both the second limiting plate and the placement frame are provided with contact pieces on their opposite surfaces, and the two contact pieces are electrically connected. The brake column is slidably connected inside the brake cylinder; A brake spring is located inside the brake square tube; one end of the brake spring is fixedly connected to the bottom surface inside the brake square tube, and the other end is fixedly connected to the brake square post. The L-shaped square column is fixedly connected at one end to the fixed block and at the other end to the braking square column. U-shaped air tube; one end of the U-shaped air tube is connected to the brake square tube, and the two are connected; the other end of the U-shaped air tube is connected to the air storage rectangular frame, and the two are connected; valve A is provided inside the U-shaped air tube; the position of the first limiting plate is higher than that of the second limiting plate.

5. The PCB board welding fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement gear is provided with a parallel positioning energy absorption mechanism; the parallel positioning energy absorption mechanism includes a first pulley, which is mounted on the displacement gear; The second pulley is installed on the outer wall of the gas storage rectangular frame; a guide gear is also connected to the second pulley; An elastic transmission belt, one end of which is connected to the first pulley and the other end of which is connected to the second pulley; An electric telescopic rod is mounted on a tooling table; a tensioning wheel is mounted on the output end of the electric telescopic rod; the tensioning wheel is located inside the elastic transmission belt and contacts one of the inner surfaces of the elastic transmission belt. Guide racks; two guide racks are located on both sides of the guide gear and mesh with each other; guide slide pins are installed on the guide racks; a second base is fixedly installed on the gas storage frame; the guide slide pins are connected through the second base and slide in cooperation with each other; a positioning block is installed on each of the two guide racks.

6. The PCB board welding fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: It includes a positioning L-tube, the output end of which faces the PCB board; the positioning L-tube is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame, and the two are connected; A positioning cylinder is connected to the output end of the positioning L-tube, and the two are slidably fitted together; a limiting cross plate is fixedly installed at the end of the positioning cylinder away from the positioning L-tube; a third base is installed on the gas storage rectangular frame, which is installed on the outside of the output end of the positioning L-tube. A positioning spring is sleeved on a positioning cylinder; one end of the positioning spring is fixedly connected to a third base, and the other end is fixedly connected to a limiting horizontal plate; a limiting groove is provided on the side of the limiting horizontal plate away from the positioning cylinder, and a limiting sliding column is installed in the limiting groove.

7. A PCB board welding fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The system includes two positioning T-plates symmetrically connected within a limiting groove, with a sliding fit between them. A limiting spring is fitted onto each limiting slide post, with one end connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove and the other end connected to the positioning T-plate. Two positioning blocks correspond to the positions of the two positioning T-plates. A trigger wheel is mounted on the opposite back surfaces of each positioning T-plate, positioned along the movement path of the positioning blocks. A driving cylinder is installed through the opposite surfaces of each positioning T-plate, with a sliding fit between them. Energy-absorbing inclined blocks are mounted on the opposite ends of each driving cylinder. The PCB board is located along the movement path of the energy-absorbing inclined blocks. A drive spring is sleeved on a drive cylinder; one end of the drive spring is fixedly connected to a positioning T-plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to an energy-absorbing inclined block, with its inclined surface facing the side of the PCB board.

8. A welding method using a PCB board welding fixture, comprising the PCB board welding fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 1: Place the PCB board on top of the placement rack, and use the lifting and air-holding assembly to lift the PCB board into the air for multi-faceted operation; Step 2: Operate the light-touch anti-damage device to clamp the PCB board at the current height position, and provide flexible clamping force.

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