A screen printing auxiliary plate

Abstract

This application relates to the field of screen printing equipment technology, and discloses a screen printing auxiliary plate applied to a screen printing machine. The screen printing machine includes a screen printing platform, a conveyor belt, and a lifting side platform. The lifting side platform has a side platform groove track. The screen printing auxiliary plate is fixedly connected to the lifting side platform via a threaded connection through a fixing hole, and the screen printing auxiliary plate can move back and forth on the lifting side platform along the side platform groove track. A sensor module is used to collect real-time data on the size, position, and height difference of the glass to be printed. A drive mechanism is used to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move along the side platform groove track or to rise and fall with the lifting side platform. A control unit calls the corresponding position parameters based on the size data collected by the sensor module, and controls the drive mechanism to move the screen printing auxiliary plate to the target position, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing. This meets the high-precision and high-efficiency requirements of high-end colored enamel glass production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of screen printing equipment technology, and more particularly to a screen printing auxiliary plate. Background Technology

[0002] In the screen printing process of enamel glass, the screen size is usually larger than the glass size, and there is a transition section between the front and back ends of the glass and the screen. If the lower part of the transition section is suspended, the screen mesh will be worn due to the "bump-like" structure at the front end and the "sloping" structure at the end during squeegee printing, resulting in appearance defects such as jittery prints and bounced prints. The traditional solution is to attach rubber pads to the front and back ends of the screen and fix them with tape to fill the transition section, but this solution has significant drawbacks:

[0003] 1. Unreliable fixation: The rubber pads rely on transparent tape to connect with the screen, and are prone to loosening, displacement, or even falling off due to the friction of the adhesive, resulting in exposed glass or scratches on the surface;

[0004] 2. Poor material compatibility: The hardness of the rubber pad differs greatly from that of the glass, and there is still a sudden change in stiffness in the transition section. When the pressure of scraping the adhesive changes, it is easy to cause the mesh to shake, resulting in uneven glaze layer.

[0005] 3. Low operating efficiency: Each printing requires manual application of adhesive tape and calibration of the rubber pad position. After printing, residual adhesive on the screen needs to be cleaned, which consumes a lot of screen washing water and manpower, and cannot adapt to the rapid switching of multiple sizes of glass.

[0006] In existing technologies, improvements to the transition section defects are limited to mechanical fixation (such as optimizing the material or adhesion method of the rubber pad), failing to address the following core issues: lack of automatic adaptation capability for glass of different sizes, requiring manual measurement and adjustment of the auxiliary pad position; inability to sense pressure changes during the printing process in real time and dynamically compensate for the elastic deformation of the mesh, resulting in uncontrollable shaking errors; and reliance on disposable consumables (adhesive tape, rubber pads), leading to material waste and environmental pollution.

[0007] Therefore, no screen printing auxiliary device integrating size adaptive adjustment, high-level intelligent calibration and dynamic error compensation has been proposed in the existing technology, which makes it difficult to meet the high precision and high efficiency requirements of high-end colored glaze glass production. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application provides a screen printing auxiliary plate, which aims to solve the problem that the existing screen printing auxiliary device, which integrates size adaptive adjustment, high-level intelligent calibration and dynamic error compensation, is difficult to meet the high precision and high efficiency requirements of high-end colored enamel glass production.

[0009] In a first aspect, this application provides a screen printing auxiliary plate for use in a screen printing machine. The screen printing machine includes a screen printing platform, a conveyor belt, and a lifting side platform. The lifting side platform is provided with a side platform groove track. The screen printing auxiliary plate is fixedly connected to the lifting side platform via a fixing hole and a thread, and the screen printing auxiliary plate can move back and forth on the lifting side platform along the side platform groove track. The screen printing machine also includes:

[0010] The sensor module is used to collect in real time the size data, position data, and height difference data between the screen printing auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform of the glass to be printed;

[0011] A drive mechanism, connected to the screen printing auxiliary plate, is used to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move along the side platform groove track or to rise and fall with the lifting side platform.

[0012] The control unit pre-stores auxiliary plate position parameters and height matching parameters corresponding to different glass sizes. Based on the size data collected by the sensor module, it calls the corresponding position parameters to control the drive mechanism to move the screen printing auxiliary plate to the target position. Based on the height difference data, it controls the lifting side platform to lift the screen printing auxiliary plate, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing. The control unit dynamically adjusts the position of the screen printing auxiliary plate based on the pressure data collected in real time during the squeegee printing process to compensate for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh.

[0013] In some embodiments, the sensor module includes a vision sensor, a photoelectric sensor, and a displacement sensor; the vision sensor is used to collect the length and width dimensions of the glass to be printed, the photoelectric sensor is used to collect the position data of the glass to be printed on the conveyor belt, and the displacement sensor is used to monitor the height difference data between the screen printing auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform in real time.

[0014] In some embodiments, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor, a lead screw and nut assembly, and a lifting cylinder. The servo motor is connected to the lead screw and nut assembly to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move back and forth along the side platform groove track. The lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting side platform to drive the lifting side platform to lift the screen printing auxiliary plate.

[0015] For example, the auxiliary plate position parameters pre-stored in the control unit include forward and backward movement distance data corresponding to the glass length; the step of calling the corresponding position parameters according to the size data collected by the sensor module and controlling the drive mechanism to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move to the target position includes: matching the corresponding forward and backward movement distance from a preset database according to the glass length data collected by the vision sensor, generating a drive signal to control the servo motor to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move to the target position.

[0016] For example, the step of dynamically adjusting the position of the screen printing auxiliary plate based on the pressure data collected in real time during the squeegee printing process to compensate for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh includes: acquiring printing pressure data collected in real time by a pressure sensor set on the squeegee or screen; when the pressure data fluctuation exceeds a preset threshold, controlling the servo motor to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move slightly closer to the glass, the moving distance being positively correlated with the elastic deformation of the mesh to compensate for the transition section jitter error.

[0017] In some embodiments, controlling the lifting side platform to lift the screen printing auxiliary plate according to the height difference data, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing, includes: adjusting the stroke of the lifting cylinder according to the height difference data fed back by the displacement sensor in real time, until the upper surface of the screen printing auxiliary plate is at the same level as the upper surface of the screen printing platform and the upper surface of the glass to be printed.

[0018] In some embodiments, the screen printing auxiliary plate is made of insulating bakelite board or aluminum alloy plate, the hardness of the screen printing auxiliary plate and the hardness of the glass to be printed are not more than a preset range, and the thickness of the screen printing auxiliary plate is the same as the thickness of the glass to be printed.

[0019] In some embodiments, the side platform groove track is a dovetail groove or a T-groove structure, and the bottom of the screen printing auxiliary plate is provided with a slider that cooperates with the side platform groove track to achieve smooth sliding of the screen printing auxiliary plate along the track.

[0020] In some embodiments, the fixing holes are provided at both ends of the screen printing auxiliary plate, and the fixing holes at both ends are symmetrically distributed. The fixing holes are threaded into the screw holes on the lifting side platform, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate can be detachably fixed to the lifting side platform.

[0021] In some embodiments, the length direction of the screen printing auxiliary plate covers the ink storage area and the edge of the screen printing buffer zone of the screen. When the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform, the front end and the end end of the screen printing auxiliary plate are respectively aligned with the edge of the screen printing area of ​​the screen to ensure the uniformity of pressure when the squeegee transitions from the auxiliary plate to the glass.

[0022] This application uses a sensor module to collect real-time data on glass size, position, and auxiliary plate height. The control unit automatically drives the auxiliary plate to move and lift according to pre-stored parameters, eliminating the need for manual calibration and significantly improving the adaptation efficiency of multi-size glass. Based on real-time feedback of printing pressure data, the control unit dynamically adjusts the position of the auxiliary plate through a preset algorithm, actively compensating for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the screen mesh, thus solving the printing defects caused by the hardness difference of traditional fixed pads. The auxiliary plate is fixed to the lifting side platform by threads and can be reused, avoiding the consumption of disposable consumables such as adhesive tape, while also reducing the amount of water used for screen washing, thus reducing production costs and environmental pollution. The auxiliary plate material has the same hardness and thickness as the glass and is flush with the screen printing platform, ensuring a uniform transition of squeegee pressure, improving the uniformity of the enamel layer, and significantly improving the appearance quality of the colored enamel glass.

[0023] In summary, by combining mechanical structure innovation with intelligent control technology, the limitations of existing technologies that rely solely on passive material adaptation are overcome, forming a closed-loop control system of "perception-decision-execution". This fundamentally solves the problems of defects and inefficiency in the transition section of traditional screen printing, demonstrating significant technological progress and industrial application value.

[0024] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the first installation structure of the screen printing auxiliary plate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the second mounting structure of the screen printing auxiliary plate provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ink storage area, the screen printing buffer zone, and the screen printing area provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] The flowchart shown in the attached diagram is for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor does it necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, combined, or partially merged, so the actual execution order may change depending on the actual situation.

[0032] It should be understood that, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of the present invention to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0033] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0034] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0035] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0036] In the screen printing process of enamel glass, the screen size is usually larger than the glass size, and there is a transition section between the front and back ends of the glass and the screen. If the lower part of the transition section is suspended, the screen mesh will be worn due to the "bump-like" structure at the front end and the "sloping" structure at the end during squeegee printing, resulting in appearance defects such as jittery prints and bounced prints. The traditional solution is to attach rubber pads to the front and back ends of the screen and fix them with tape to fill the transition section, but this solution has significant drawbacks:

[0037] 1. Unreliable fixation: The rubber pads rely on transparent tape to connect with the screen, and are prone to loosening, displacement, or even falling off due to the friction of the adhesive, resulting in exposed glass or scratches on the surface;

[0038] 2. Poor material compatibility: The hardness of the rubber pad differs greatly from that of the glass, and there is still a sudden change in stiffness in the transition section. When the pressure of scraping the adhesive changes, it is easy to cause the mesh to shake, resulting in uneven glaze layer.

[0039] 3. Low operating efficiency: Each printing requires manual application of adhesive tape and calibration of the rubber pad position. After printing, residual adhesive on the screen needs to be cleaned, which consumes a lot of screen washing water and manpower, and cannot adapt to the rapid switching of multiple sizes of glass.

[0040] In existing technologies, improvements to the transition section defects are limited to mechanical fixation (such as optimizing the material or adhesion method of the rubber pad), failing to address the following core issues: lack of automatic adaptation capability for glass of different sizes, requiring manual measurement and adjustment of the auxiliary pad position; inability to sense pressure changes during the printing process in real time and dynamically compensate for the elastic deformation of the mesh, resulting in uncontrollable shaking errors; and reliance on disposable consumables (adhesive tape, rubber pads), leading to material waste and environmental pollution.

[0041] Therefore, no screen printing auxiliary device integrating size adaptive adjustment, high-level intelligent calibration and dynamic error compensation has been proposed in the existing technology, which makes it difficult to meet the high precision and high efficiency requirements of high-end colored glaze glass production.

[0042] To solve the above problem, please refer to Figures 1-3 This application provides a screen printing auxiliary plate 4, applied to a screen printing machine. The screen printing machine includes a screen printing platform 1, a conveyor belt 2, and a lifting side platform 3. The lifting side platform is provided with a side platform groove track 3-1. The screen printing auxiliary plate is fixedly connected to the lifting side platform via a fixing hole 4-1 and a thread, and the screen printing auxiliary plate can move back and forth on the lifting side platform along the side platform groove track. The screen printing machine also includes: a sensor module for real-time acquisition of the size data, position data, and height difference data between the screen printing auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform of the glass to be printed; and a drive mechanism connected to the screen printing auxiliary plate for driving the screen printing auxiliary plate along the side platform groove track. The side platform groove track moves or rises and falls with the lifting side platform; the control unit pre-stores auxiliary plate position parameters and height matching parameters corresponding to different glass sizes, so as to call the corresponding position parameters according to the size data collected by the sensor module, control the drive mechanism to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move to the target position, and control the lifting side platform to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to rise and fall according to the height difference data, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing; the control unit dynamically adjusts the position of the screen printing auxiliary plate according to the pressure data collected in real time during the squeegee printing process, so as to compensate for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh.

[0043] Specifically, the screen printing auxiliary device provided in this application is integrated into the screen printing machine.

[0044] The screen printing auxiliary plate is threadedly connected to the lifting side platform via fixing holes, allowing it to move back and forth along the side platform's grooved track to fill the gap between the screen and the glass. The surface material of the auxiliary plate matches the rigidity of the screen printing platform and the glass surface (e.g., a hard, smooth material), ensuring no abrupt changes in rigidity during printing. It replaces traditional rubber pads, forming a continuous support surface and preventing wear and vibration of the mesh caused by "rough" or "sloping" structures.

[0045] The sensor module can acquire the following data types: the dimensions of the glass to be printed (length and width, acquired through a vision sensor or laser ranging module); the position data of the glass on the screen printing platform (positioning coordinates, determined through a displacement sensor or image recognition); the height difference data between the auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform (monitored in real time through a height sensor or pressure sensor); and the pressure data of the squeegee during the printing process (through a pressure sensor integrated into the squeegee mechanism or the contact area of ​​the auxiliary plate).

[0046] The drive mechanism drives the auxiliary plate to move back and forth along the side platform groove track via a servo motor or a lead screw and nut mechanism to adapt to the transition section position of different glass sizes; at the same time, by linking with the lifting side platform, the height of the auxiliary plate is adjusted by a cylinder or electric push rod to ensure that it is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface.

[0047] The control unit pre-stores auxiliary plate position parameters (such as the front and rear end extension lengths) and height matching parameters (height compensation values ​​calculated based on glass thickness, screen tension, etc.) corresponding to different glass sizes; based on real-time sensor data, it dynamically calls the pre-stored parameters to drive the mechanism to perform position / height adjustments; at the same time, it compensates for errors caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh in real time through pressure data feedback.

[0048] Size adaptive adjustment uses sensors to acquire glass dimensions, then the control unit calculates the transition section position and drives the auxiliary plate to move to the outer edges of the front and rear ends of the glass, filling the gap between the screen printing plate and the glass, eliminating the need for manual measurement and calibration. Intelligent height calibration uses height difference data to control the lifting platform to adjust the height of the auxiliary plate, ensuring its surface forms a continuous plane with the screen printing platform and the glass surface. This eliminates abrupt stiffness changes caused by hardness differences in traditional rubber pads and avoids screen vibration caused by variations in adhesive pressure.

[0049] Dynamic error compensation collects squeegee pressure data in real time during the printing process. When abnormal pressure fluctuations are detected (reflecting excessive elastic deformation of the mesh), the control unit fine-tunes the position of the auxiliary plate (such as local lifting or horizontal displacement) to offset the jitter error caused by pressure changes in the transition section, ensuring a uniform glaze layer.

[0050] Initialization preparation and corresponding parameter pre-storage: By conducting offline tests on glass of different specifications (size, thickness, glaze type), the optimal position of the corresponding auxiliary plate (distance of the front and rear ends extending from the edge of the glass), height compensation value (height difference with the screen printing platform) and pressure compensation threshold are recorded and stored in the control unit database.

[0051] Glass positioning and data acquisition: The glass is transported to the screen printing platform via a conveyor belt. The sensor module collects the glass dimensions (such as the length of the long side), position (whether it is centered), and the current initial height of the auxiliary plate (the height difference with the screen printing platform) in real time.

[0052] The auxiliary plate position adjustment is achieved by the control unit calling the pre-stored position parameters according to the glass size, and the drive mechanism controls the auxiliary plate to move along the side platform groove track, so that the front end and the end end of the auxiliary plate extend to the transition section area on the outer side of the front and rear ends of the glass (for example, if the distance between the front and rear ends of the glass and the edge of the screen is L, then the auxiliary plate covers the area of ​​distance L).

[0053] Height calibration and plane alignment are based on glass thickness and screen printing platform height. The control unit calculates the target height of the auxiliary plate and adjusts the vertical position of the auxiliary plate by lifting the side platform to make the surface of the auxiliary plate, glass surface and screen printing platform surface flush (height difference ≤ 0.1mm) to form a continuous support surface.

[0054] During the printing process, dynamic compensation is achieved by using a pressure sensor to monitor pressure changes in the contact area between the screen and the auxiliary plate in real time during squeegee printing. If the pressure fluctuation exceeds a threshold (indicating that the elastic deformation of the screen causes vibration), the control unit drives the auxiliary plate to make slight adjustments in height or horizontal direction (accuracy ±0.05mm) to compensate for the elastic deformation of the transition section and maintain stable squeegee pressure.

[0055] After printing is completed, the auxiliary plate automatically resets to its initial position, waiting for the parameter call of the next glass of different sizes, without the need for manual cleaning or replacement of consumables.

[0056] Abandoning the mechanical fixing method of adhesive tape, the auxiliary plate is rigidly fixed through threaded connection and track drive, avoiding loosening and falling off caused by friction from the adhesive scraping, and eliminating defects such as exposed glass or scratches. The surface of the auxiliary plate has the same rigidity as the glass (a soft material, not a rubber pad), eliminating abrupt changes in stiffness in the transition section, uniformly transmitting adhesive scraping pressure, reducing the vibration amplitude of the mesh, and decreasing the uniformity error of the enamel layer thickness.

[0057] Automatically adapts to different glass sizes, eliminating the need for manual pasting and calibration of rubber pads, thus shortening preparation time for each printing run. Eliminating the screen washing and adhesive residue removal process reduces material waste (adhesive tape, rubber pads) and environmental pollution, lowering annual consumable costs per production line. By integrating a closed-loop system of "data acquisition-parameter call-dynamic control," it achieves fully automated operation from glass positioning to error compensation, meeting the demands of Industry 4.0 intelligent manufacturing. Real-time feedback from pressure sensors overcomes the limitations of traditional solutions relying solely on mechanical fixation, actively compensating for mesh elastic deformation and adapting to the precision requirements of high-speed printing (≥500 pieces / hour). Eliminating disposable consumables and using reusable metal or polymer auxiliary plates complies with environmental requirements; simultaneously reducing manual operation and equipment downtime, resulting in an overall production efficiency increase of over 40%.

[0058] This application solves the long-standing appearance defects and efficiency bottlenecks in the printing of high-end colored glaze glass (such as building curtain walls and electronic glass), meets the printing needs of ultra-narrow bezels and high-precision patterns, and promotes the upgrading of screen printing technology towards intelligence and flexibility.

[0059] In some embodiments, the sensor module includes a vision sensor, a photoelectric sensor, and a displacement sensor; the vision sensor is used to collect the length and width dimensions of the glass to be printed, the photoelectric sensor is used to collect the position data of the glass to be printed on the conveyor belt, and the displacement sensor is used to monitor the height difference data between the screen printing auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform in real time.

[0060] The sensor module consists of three types of sensors to achieve multi-dimensional data acquisition: Vision sensors: Utilizing industrial cameras or linear CCD sensors, these sensors extract the length and width dimensions of the glass to be printed using image recognition algorithms, achieving an accuracy of ±0.5mm and solving the error problems associated with traditional manual measurement. Photoelectric sensors: Deployed on both sides of the conveyor belt, these sensors monitor the glass edge position in real time using through-beam or reflective principles, determining the glass's lateral / vertical positioning coordinates on the screen printing platform and preventing misalignment of the auxiliary printing plate due to glass misalignment. Displacement sensors: Employing laser rangefinders or linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), these sensors are installed on the lifting side platform or the bottom of the auxiliary printing plate to measure the height difference between the auxiliary printing plate and the screen printing platform in real time, achieving an accuracy of ±0.02mm and providing precise data for height calibration.

[0061] The vision sensor is vertically installed above the entrance of the screen printing platform. When the glass is transported to the designated position, the sensor is triggered to collect an image of the glass edge. The actual length L and width W are calculated through the edge detection algorithm, and the data is transmitted to the control unit in real time.

[0062] Four sets of photoelectric sensors are symmetrically installed on both sides of the transmission belt (two sets at the front and two sets at the rear). When the glass blocks the light beam, the displacement of the glass is calculated by the time difference triggered by the sensor, and the center position coordinates (X,Y) of the glass on the belt are determined to ensure that the auxiliary plate is aligned with the transition section.

[0063] The displacement sensor is fixed on the guide rail bracket of the lifting side platform. Its probe is vertically aligned with the surface of the screen printing platform, and it provides real-time feedback on the current height H1 of the auxiliary plate. At the same time, it reads the reference height H0 of the screen printing platform and calculates the height difference ΔH=H1-H0 as the basis for lifting and adjusting.

[0064] This system replaces traditional manual measurement of glass dimensions and positions, avoiding human error and improving preprocessing efficiency. A vision sensor ensures size matching, a photoelectric sensor positions the glass, and a displacement sensor calibrates the height. Data fusion from these three sensors controls the position and height adjustment error of the auxiliary plate to within ±0.3mm, eliminating the risk of mesh wear caused by suspended transition sections. It is adaptable to the size acquisition of glass of different shapes (rectangular, irregular), providing a data foundation for printing complex contour glass.

[0065] In some embodiments, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor, a lead screw and nut assembly, and a lifting cylinder. The servo motor is connected to the lead screw and nut assembly to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move back and forth along the side platform groove track. The lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting side platform to drive the lifting side platform to lift the screen printing auxiliary plate.

[0066] The drive mechanism includes two-dimensional motion control components: Horizontal movement unit: Composed of a servo motor and a lead screw and nut assembly. The servo motor drives the lead screw and nut assembly via a synchronous belt or direct connection to convert rotational motion into linear motion, moving the auxiliary plate back and forth along the side platform groove track with a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm. Vertical lifting unit: Employs a lifting cylinder (or electric push rod). The cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected to the lifting side platform. The cylinder stroke is controlled by a pneumatic valve to achieve vertical lifting of the auxiliary plate, with a response speed ≤0.2 seconds, meeting the real-time adjustment requirements of high-speed printing.

[0067] The horizontal movement control receives pulse signals from the control unit via a servo motor. Based on the preset movement distance (such as the front and rear extensions corresponding to the glass length), it drives the lead screw and nut assembly to move the auxiliary plate at a constant speed. After reaching the target position, it is stopped by a limit switch to ensure that the transition section completely covers the suspended areas at the front and rear ends of the glass.

[0068] The vertical lifting control uses a lifting cylinder to switch the air intake direction via a solenoid valve. When the displacement sensor reports a height difference ΔH>0, the cylinder retracts to lower the auxiliary plate height; when ΔH<0, the cylinder extends to raise the auxiliary plate until ΔH=0 (i.e., the auxiliary plate, glass, and screen printing platform surfaces are flush). During the process, the cylinder pressure is precisely controlled by a proportional valve to avoid impact vibration.

[0069] The rigid transmission structure of servo motor and lead screw nut improves position adjustment accuracy by 50 times compared to the traditional manual application of rubber pads, completely solving the problem of glass exposure caused by rubber pad misalignment. Horizontal movement speed can reach 200mm / s, and vertical lifting response time is <0.5 seconds, meeting the needs of rapid switching between multiple glass sizes (switching time <10 seconds). Compared to traditional solutions (requiring 15 minutes of manual adjustment per switch), efficiency is improved by over 90%. Eliminating disposable adhesive tape and using standardized mechanical transmission components extends the maintenance cycle to over one year, reducing equipment downtime maintenance costs.

[0070] For example, the auxiliary plate position parameters pre-stored in the control unit include forward and backward movement distance data corresponding to the glass length; the step of calling the corresponding position parameters according to the size data collected by the sensor module and controlling the drive mechanism to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move to the target position includes: matching the corresponding forward and backward movement distance from a preset database according to the glass length data collected by the vision sensor, generating a drive signal to control the servo motor to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move to the target position.

[0071] The control unit has a built-in preset database that stores the auxiliary plate's forward and backward movement distance D (D=L0-L, where L0 is the effective printing length of the screen) corresponding to different glass lengths L, forming a "glass length-auxiliary plate position" mapping table. The calling logic is as follows: based on the actual glass length L collected by the vision sensor, the corresponding target movement distance D_target is queried from the database; a pulse signal is generated to drive the servo motor, causing the front / end of the auxiliary plate to move to the outer side of the front / back end of the glass at a distance of D_target, filling the gap in the transition section.

[0072] The database was established through an offline testing phase, during which all glass specifications (e.g., lengths from 300mm to 2000mm, with 50mm intervals) were calibrated, and the optimal extension amount of the auxiliary plate for each length was recorded (e.g., when the glass length is 1000mm, the front end of the auxiliary plate needs to extend 50mm beyond the glass edge, the end extends 50mm, and the total moving distance D=100mm), and the data was stored in the control unit's memory.

[0073] The real-time call process outputs the glass length L=1500mm through the vision sensor. The control unit searches the database and matches the corresponding D_target=80mm for L=1500mm. It sends a positive 80mm movement command to the servo motor, which drives the auxiliary plate to move along the track. After reaching the position, it triggers the photoelectric sensor to confirm the position and completes the adaptive adjustment.

[0074] This system completely eliminates the time-consuming manual measurement of glass dimensions and adjustment of rubber pad positions required in traditional solutions. The changeover time for different glass sizes in a single batch is reduced from 20 minutes to 30 seconds, adapting to small-batch, multi-variety production models. Standardized storage of process parameters is achieved through a pre-set database, allowing new glass specifications to be incorporated into the system with only one calibration, avoiding positional deviations caused by human error. Transitional coverage accuracy reaches 100%. It can simultaneously accommodate glass dimensional tolerances of ±10mm (e.g., when the nominal 1000mm glass actually measures 990~1010mm, the system automatically makes fine-tuning compensation), improving the production line's tolerance to fluctuations in incoming glass dimensions.

[0075] For example, the step of dynamically adjusting the position of the screen printing auxiliary plate based on the pressure data collected in real time during the squeegee printing process to compensate for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh includes: acquiring printing pressure data collected in real time by a pressure sensor set on the squeegee or screen; when the pressure data fluctuation exceeds a preset threshold, controlling the servo motor to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move slightly closer to the glass, the moving distance being positively correlated with the elastic deformation of the mesh to compensate for the transition section jitter error.

[0076] The dynamic compensation logic includes installing pressure sensors (such as strain gauge sensors) on the squeegee holder or screen frame to collect the pressure value P in the contact area between the screen and the auxiliary plate during printing in real time; preset pressure fluctuation thresholds [P0-ΔP, P0+ΔP] (P0 is the standard printing pressure); when |P-P0|>ΔP, it is determined that the screen has undergone excessive elastic deformation; the control unit calculates the auxiliary plate compensation movement distance ΔD based on the pressure deviation (ΔD=k×(P-P0), k is the elastic deformation coefficient, calibrated through offline testing), and drives the servo motor to move the auxiliary plate slightly to offset the transition section jitter.

[0077] The pressure sensor is deployed by attaching a miniature pressure sensor at the center of the bottom of the squeegee holder, or by embedding three sets of pressure sensors (front end, middle end, and end end) in the edge area where the screen and the auxiliary plate contact, to monitor the pressure distribution at each point in real time.

[0078] The dynamic compensation trigger is triggered when the pressure in a certain area suddenly drops during the printing process (indicating that the mesh is concave and shaking). The control unit immediately calculates the compensation amount ΔD=+0.05mm (moving towards the glass) and performs micro-movement (accuracy ±0.02mm) through the servo motor to tighten the mesh tension. If the pressure suddenly rises (indicating that the mesh is over-tight), it moves in the opposite direction ΔD=-0.03mm to release the tension, forming a closed-loop feedback control.

[0079] Unlike traditional solutions that rely solely on static support for passive protection, this method actively adjusts the auxiliary plate position through real-time pressure feedback, reducing the mesh vibration amplitude from ±0.5mm in traditional solutions to within ±0.1mm, completely eliminating "shaking prints" and "bouncy prints" defects. The uniformity of the enamel layer thickness is improved from a CV value of 12% in traditional solutions to a CV value of 3%, meeting the stringent requirements of high-end glass (such as electronic glass) for enamel layer thickness tolerances of ±5μm. It is suitable for printing scenarios with varying mesh tensions (18-35N / cm), dynamically compensating for mesh aging or tension fluctuations to extend the screen's lifespan by more than 20%.

[0080] In some embodiments, controlling the lifting side platform to lift the screen printing auxiliary plate according to the height difference data, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing, includes: adjusting the stroke of the lifting cylinder according to the height difference data fed back by the displacement sensor in real time, until the upper surface of the screen printing auxiliary plate is at the same level as the upper surface of the screen printing platform and the upper surface of the glass to be printed.

[0081] By monitoring the height difference between the auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform in real time using a displacement sensor, the lifting cylinder is driven to dynamically adjust the vertical position of the auxiliary plate, ensuring that the upper surfaces of the auxiliary plate, the screen printing platform, and the glass are on the same horizontal plane (flatness error ≤ 0.05mm), thus eliminating the sudden change in stiffness and uneven pressure caused by the height difference in the transition section.

[0082] Key component linkage: Displacement sensor provides real-time feedback of height difference data → Control unit calculates target lifting amount → Lifting cylinder performs height adjustment → Forming a closed-loop control circuit. Calibration accuracy: Based on high-precision measurement by displacement sensor (resolution ±0.01mm), precise leveling is achieved through proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm.

[0083] The displacement sensor deployment and data acquisition involve vertically mounting a laser displacement sensor on a fixed bracket on the lifting side platform, with its measuring end face 50mm above the top surface of the screen printing platform. This sensor collects the height difference ΔH (ΔH = auxiliary plate height - screen printing platform height) between the upper surface of the auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform in real time. Simultaneously, the theoretical height of the upper surface of the glass (screen printing platform height + glass thickness) is calculated using glass thickness data (synchronously acquired by a vision sensor), serving as a calibration benchmark for the auxiliary plate height.

[0084] Lifting Cylinder Control Logic: Initial State: The auxiliary plate descends to its lowest position along with the lifting side platform, and the glass is conveyed to the screen printing platform by the transport belt. Calibration Phase: The control unit calculates the target lifting amount ΔL = (screen printing platform height + glass thickness) - current height of the auxiliary plate based on ΔH and the glass thickness, and sends a command to the lifting cylinder: If ΔL > 0, the cylinder piston rod extends, lifting the auxiliary plate; if ΔL < 0, the cylinder piston rod retracts, lowering the auxiliary plate. Closed-Loop Feedback: ΔH is updated every 0.5 seconds until ΔH ≤ ±0.03mm, at which point adjustment stops to ensure that the surfaces of the three components are flush.

[0085] This system completely solves the height deviation problem caused by uneven adhesion or inconsistent thickness of traditional rubber pads, avoids localized stress concentration caused by the "step-like" structure of the mesh, and reduces mesh wear rate. When the adhesive scraper moves between the auxiliary plate and the glass surface, there are no sudden height changes at the contact plane, and the pressure fluctuation range is reduced from ±15% in traditional solutions to ±5%, improving the consistency of the enamel layer thickness. Regardless of whether the glass thickness is 3mm or 10mm, the system can automatically calculate the target height based on thickness data, eliminating the need for manual adjustments and adapting to mixed-specification glass production lines.

[0086] In some embodiments, the screen printing auxiliary plate is made of insulating bakelite board or aluminum alloy plate, the hardness of the screen printing auxiliary plate and the hardness of the glass to be printed are not more than a preset range, and the thickness of the screen printing auxiliary plate is the same as the thickness of the glass to be printed.

[0087] Insulating bakelite board (Shore D 75-85) or aluminum alloy board (Webster HW 8-12) are used. The difference in hardness between these two materials and ordinary glass (Mohs hardness 6-7, corresponding to Shore D approximately 80-90) is ≤5% (preset range) to ensure continuous stiffness of the transition section. Thickness consistency: The thickness of the auxiliary plate is the same as the thickness of the glass to be printed (e.g., if the glass is 5mm thick, then the auxiliary plate is 5mm thick) to avoid abrupt changes in support stiffness due to thickness differences.

[0088] Design principle: By matching the material and thickness, the auxiliary plate and the glass form an equivalent support stiffness. When the adhesive pressure is applied, the elastic deformation of the mesh in the transition section is consistent with the glass surface, thus suppressing vibration.

[0089] Bakelite sheets are suitable for low-temperature printing applications (≤150℃). They are molded and polished to a roughness Ra≤0.8μm. Hardness is tested using a Shore hardness tester, and sheets with a hardness difference of ≤5% from glass are selected. Aluminum alloy sheets are suitable for high-temperature and wear-resistant applications. They are anodized, and hardness is tested using a Webster hardness tester. Thickness tolerance is controlled within ±0.02mm.

[0090] Pre-installation matching verification: Before putting the new specification glass into production, place the auxiliary plate and the glass on the same plane, and use a dial indicator to measure the surface deflection of both: apply 10 N / cm. 2 Under pressure, the deformation difference between the auxiliary plate and the glass is ≤0.01mm, ensuring that the stiffness matching meets the standard.

[0091] Traditional rubber pads (Shore A hardness 60-70) have a hardness difference of 30%-40% compared to glass, while the auxiliary plate in this embodiment has a hardness difference of less than 5% with glass. This improves the consistency of support stiffness in the transition section by 90%, fundamentally suppressing high-frequency vibrations in the mesh caused by sudden changes in stiffness (vibration frequency reduced from 50Hz to below 10Hz). Bakelite boards are suitable for flexible enamel printing (such as low-temperature inks), and aluminum alloy plates are suitable for high-strength, wear-resistant applications (such as high-temperature tempered glass printing), offering diverse material options to meet various production needs. Uniform support stiffness ensures even distribution of tensile stress in the mesh during the transition section, reducing the mesh breakage failure rate from 0.5 times / day in traditional solutions to 0.1 times / week, thus extending the lifespan of the screen.

[0092] In some embodiments, the side platform groove track is a dovetail groove or a T-groove structure, and the bottom of the screen printing auxiliary plate is provided with a slider that cooperates with the side platform groove track to achieve smooth sliding of the screen printing auxiliary plate along the track.

[0093] The track structure design includes: Groove type: Dovetail groove (suitable for high-precision guidance) or T-groove (suitable for heavy-duty scenarios). The track extends along the length of the lifting side platform, with a surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm and straightness error≤0.05mm / m. Slider matching: A convex slider (dovetail or T-shaped tenon) corresponding to the groove is machined on the bottom of the auxiliary plate. The gap between the slider and the track is controlled at 0.01-0.03mm to ensure smooth sliding without wobbling. Functional advantages: By using a rigid track-slider combination, replacing the flexible connection of traditional adhesive tape, high-precision guidance and positioning of the auxiliary plate's horizontal movement are achieved, avoiding insufficient coverage of the transition section due to sliding jamming or offset.

[0094] Track machining and installation include: Dovetail groove machining: Using a precision milling machine, dovetail grooves are milled on the side of the lifting platform, with a groove depth of 8mm and an angle of 60°. The parallelism error of the guide rails on both sides is ≤0.02mm. T-slot machining: The groove opening width is 12mm, and the groove bottom width is 10mm, suitable for auxiliary plates with a load capacity of over 5kg (such as those made of aluminum alloy). Slider installation: Steel sliders are welded or screwed to the bottom of the auxiliary plate. The slider surface is coated with a molybdenum disulfide lubricating layer to reduce the coefficient of friction to below 0.1.

[0095] Smooth movement is ensured by setting buffer limit blocks at both ends of the track to prevent the auxiliary plate from moving beyond its travel range; before each printing, the auxiliary plate is driven to move idling three times by the control unit to detect the movement resistance (current feedback). If the resistance changes abruptly, a lubrication alarm is triggered.

[0096] The V-shaped guide surface of the dovetail groove eliminates lateral clearance, achieving a positioning accuracy of ±0.05mm, a 40-fold improvement compared to the ±2mm error of traditional manual pushing of rubber pads. This ensures the transition section completely covers the suspended areas at the front and rear ends of the glass. The T-slot structure can support auxiliary plates weighing over 10kg, and with servo motor drive, the maximum moving speed reaches 300mm / s, meeting the rapid positioning needs of large-sized glass (e.g., 2000mm×3000mm). The lubrication cycle is extended to once every 3 months, reducing maintenance workload by 95% compared to the need for replacement of traditional adhesive tape every time, and eliminating the problem of adhesive tape residue pollution.

[0097] In some embodiments, the fixing holes are provided at both ends of the screen printing auxiliary plate, and the fixing holes at both ends are symmetrically distributed. The fixing holes are threaded into the screw holes on the lifting side platform, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate can be detachably fixed to the lifting side platform.

[0098] The fixed structure design includes: Fixing hole layout: Two symmetrically distributed fixing holes (a total of four, arranged in a rectangular pattern) are set at each end of the auxiliary plate, 50mm from the edge. The hole diameter matches the screw holes on the lifting side platform (e.g., M6 threaded holes). The connection method uses high-strength bolts (e.g., 8.8 grade stainless steel bolts) passing through the fixing holes and securely connected to the pre-embedded screw holes on the lifting side platform. The tightening torque is controlled at 8-10 N·m to ensure the auxiliary plate does not loosen or rotate. This symmetrical rigid fixing replaces the traditional single-point adhesive tape bonding, solving the warping and offset problems caused by adhesive friction on the auxiliary plate and ensuring positional stability during printing.

[0099] The machining and installation of the fixing holes include: Auxiliary plate drilling: CNC milling is used to machine the fixing holes, with a hole spacing tolerance of ±0.1mm, ensuring precise alignment with the screw holes of the lifting side platform. Bolt tightening: During installation, the bolts are tightened diagonally alternately (e.g., first left front, then right rear, then right front, left rear) to eliminate installation stress and ensure the auxiliary plate evenly fits the lifting side platform. When replacing the auxiliary plate, only 4 bolts need to be loosened, and disassembly can be completed within 3 minutes, improving efficiency by 70% compared to the 10 minutes required to clean residual adhesive from traditional rubber pads. The edges of the fixing holes are rounded (R2mm) to prevent cracking of the auxiliary plate due to stress concentration.

[0100] The shear strength of the bolted rigid connection exceeds 500N, far surpassing the 50N limit of traditional adhesive tape. Even at an adhesive application speed of 1000mm / s, the auxiliary plate's positional offset is less than 0.01mm, completely resolving the glass exposure defect caused by misalignment. The symmetrical fixing design ensures that the auxiliary plate's positional deviation after each installation is ≤0.03mm, eliminating the need for repeated calibration and making it suitable for scenarios requiring frequent auxiliary plate replacements (such as switching between auxiliary plates of different materials). Compared to the flexible connection of rubber pads relying on adhesive tape, the rigid fixing allows the auxiliary plate to withstand 20N / cm². 2The squeegee pressure is sufficient to meet the printing requirements of high-viscosity glazes.

[0101] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the length of the screen printing auxiliary plate covers the ink storage area and the edge of the screen printing buffer 6 of the screen. When the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform, the front and rear ends of the screen printing auxiliary plate are aligned with the edge of the screen printing area 7 of the screen, respectively, to ensure the uniformity of pressure when the squeegee transitions from the auxiliary plate to the glass.

[0102] Geometric matching includes: Coverage area: The auxiliary plate covers the ink storage area (the area at the front of the screen used to store glaze) and the edge of the screen printing buffer zone (the area at the end of the screen where the squeegee rebounds) along its length, ensuring full-path support for the squeegee stroke. Edge alignment: When the auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform, its front end (the printing start side) and end end (the printing end side) are aligned with the front and rear edges of the screen printing area (error ≤ 0.5mm), ensuring no "skipping" or "overloading" when the squeegee transitions from the auxiliary plate to the glass. By precisely matching the screen printing area, the pressure area of ​​the squeegee on the auxiliary plate and the glass surface is continuous and consistent, avoiding glaze accumulation or missed printing due to interrupted support.

[0103] The size calibration method includes: Screen printing area definition: Using the front and rear edges of the pattern printing area on the screen as a reference, mark them as A (front end) and B (end). Auxiliary plate size design: Auxiliary plate length = effective printing length of the screen + 2 × transition section length (the transition section length is usually the distance between the front and rear ends of the glass and the edge of the screen, such as 50mm each). Alignment calibration: During installation, project the screen edge position using a laser level, adjust the auxiliary plate so that the front / end ends coincide with the marking line, and use a displacement sensor to confirm the alignment accuracy.

[0104] Dynamic alignment verification includes: after each movement of the auxiliary plate, the control unit takes a picture of the edges of the screen and the auxiliary plate using a vision sensor, and uses an image matching algorithm to verify the alignment. If the deviation is greater than 0.5mm, it will automatically make fine adjustments.

[0105] In traditional solutions, rubber pad misalignment often leads to edge chipping at the squeegee tip or slippage at the squeegee tip. This embodiment, through precise edge alignment, reduces the squeegee pressure attenuation rate between the auxiliary plate and the glass surface to less than 3%, improving the edge clarity of the enamel by 40% (reducing the edge jaggedness width from 0.3mm to below 0.1mm). The auxiliary plate covers the ink storage area, preventing enamel accumulation in the suspended area of ​​the transition section, increasing the enamel utilization rate per squeegee stroke from 75% to 90%, and reducing ink waste. It is particularly suitable for printing high-precision patterns (such as narrow borders and fine lines), reducing the positional deviation between the pattern edge and the design draft from ±0.5mm to ±0.1mm, meeting the precision requirements of circuit printing on electronic glass.

[0106] In some embodiments, by constructing a deep learning model that correlates printing quality with positional parameters, the positional parameters of the auxiliary plate can be automatically optimized using historical printing data, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional preset databases.

[0107] Data Input: Glass dimensions acquired by a visual sensor, height difference from a displacement sensor, real-time pressure fluctuations from a pressure sensor, and defect data detected by AOI after printing (such as jagged edges and uneven enamel thickness). Model Structure: A hybrid architecture of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) is adopted. CNN extracts defect image features, LSTM processes temporal pressure data, and outputs the optimal auxiliary plate movement distance compensation amount ΔD*. Self-Optimization Mechanism: After every 100 pieces of glass are printed, the model is incrementally trained using new data, forming a "printing-detection-optimization" closed loop.

[0108] Data acquisition and annotation are performed by deploying AOI visual inspection equipment at the end of the printing production line to acquire images of the glass edges and annotate defect types (such as white showing and ink accumulation) and their location coordinates. A dataset is established: input features include glass length L, initial movement distance D0, height difference ΔH, and pressure fluctuation standard deviation σP; the output label is the defect severity score S (0-10 points, manually annotated).

[0109] Model Training and Inference: Training Phase: The Adam optimizer is used with S as the loss function. Parameter optimization is triggered when S > 5, and ΔD* = f(L, D0, ΔH, σP) is calculated. Real-time Inference: After the current glass printing, if an edge whitening defect is detected (S = 7), the model outputs ΔD* = +0.3mm (increasing the auxiliary plate extension), and updates D0 corresponding to L in the preset database to D0 + ΔD*.

[0110] Control unit integration achieves inference latency of <50ms by embedding lightweight models (such as TensorFlow Lite) into the PLC control unit, meeting the real-time response requirements of the production line.

[0111] Traditional preset databases only cover a limited range of specifications. This embodiment can adapt to uncalibrated glass sizes (such as non-standard glass with a length tolerance of ±20mm), reducing the defect rate from 1.2% in the preset scheme to 0.3%. Through the accumulation of production data, the model achieves a 92% accuracy rate in predicting complex defects (such as periodic vibrations caused by mesh aging), requiring no human intervention and adapting to parameter drift issues in long-term continuous production. It realizes intelligent evolution of "detection results feeding back into control parameters," making it particularly suitable for multi-batch, small-volume production scenarios, reducing parameter debugging time for new product introduction from 4 hours to 30 minutes.

[0112] In some embodiments, a miniature vibration sensor is deployed at the edge of the auxiliary plate to collect the vibration signal of the mesh, and the vibration frequency features are extracted by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The vibration risk is then predicted in real time and compensated in advance by combining it with Support Vector Machine (SVM).

[0113] Vibration monitoring utilizes a triaxial MEMS accelerometer (accuracy ±0.01g) at a sampling frequency of 10kHz to monitor the high-frequency vibration of the mesh under adhesive application pressure (primarily in the 50-200Hz frequency range). The prediction model constructs an SVM classifier, taking the amplitude spectral density and energy entropy of the vibration signal as input, and outputs a jitter risk level (1-5). Pre-compensation is triggered when the level is ≥3. Anti-vibration control, based on the phase difference of the vibration signal, predicts the jitter peak 50ms in advance and adjusts the auxiliary plate position before the adhesive application reaches the transition section, achieving "prediction-compensation" anti-vibration control.

[0114] Sensor deployment and signal processing involved attaching two accelerometers (X / Y axis directions) to the front edge of the auxiliary board, 10mm away from the mesh contact point, to avoid direct contact with the adhesive. Signal preprocessing involved removing noise using a Butterworth low-pass filter (cutoff frequency 200Hz), generating a feature vector (containing energy values ​​of 10 frequency components) every 20ms.

[0115] The predictive compensation process includes: when the SVM model outputs a risk level ≥ 3, the control unit calculates the optimal compensation amount ΔD = k × f (eigenvector) based on historical vibration data, where k is the dynamic compensation coefficient (calibrated through offline modal testing). The actuator responds by rapidly micro-moving ΔD (maximum ±0.2mm) at an acceleration of 1000mm / s via a servo motor, with a response time < 20ms, ensuring that compensation is completed before the adhesive is scraped.

[0116] The self-calibration mechanism includes: using a standard vibration table to perform zero-point calibration on the sensor weekly to avoid drift errors caused by long-term vibration (the drift amount is controlled within ±0.5%).

[0117] Compared to the lag (response delay ≥100ms) of traditional real-time feedback compensation, this embodiment achieves 50ms advance prediction, increasing the transition section jitter suppression rate from 60% to 90%, especially eliminating "micro-crack" defects caused by high-frequency vibrations (above 100Hz). No sensors need to be installed on the mesh or squeegee, avoiding damage to the mechanical structure of the printing mechanism. It has strong compatibility and can be directly modified from existing production lines. In addition to mesh jitter, the model can also identify equipment faults such as lead screw nut wear (characteristic frequency 40Hz) and unstable cylinder air pressure (characteristic frequency 10Hz), triggering maintenance alarms in advance and reducing unplanned downtime by 40%.

[0118] In some embodiments, by constructing a digital twin model of the screen printing production line, and combining discrete event simulation (DES) with genetic algorithm (GA), the auxiliary plate switching strategy during mixed production of multi-specification glass is optimized to minimize changeover time and positioning error.

[0119] Digital Twin Model: Maps sensor data, drive mechanism kinematics models, and auxiliary plate parameter libraries from the physical production line into a virtual space, simulating production efficiency under different scheduling strategies in real time. Scheduling Objective: When the production plan includes N glass specifications (N≥5), the optimal production sequence is solved based on GA to minimize the difference in auxiliary plate movement distance between adjacent specifications (reducing ineffective servo motor movement) while meeting delivery deadline constraints. Parameter Preloading: Based on the scheduling results, the position parameters (D, H) of the next specification's auxiliary plate are preloaded into the control unit, achieving "zero-wait" switching.

[0120] Digital twin modeling: A production line simulation model is built using AnyLogic software, with inputs including glass specification sequence, equipment action time (e.g., auxiliary plate movement time 3s / time, lifting time 2s / time), and quality constraints (positioning error ≤0.1mm). Genetic algorithm encoding: The production sequence is encoded as chromosomes, with the fitness function being the total changeover time plus a positioning error penalty term, 100 generations of iterations, and a population size of 50.

[0121] Dynamic scheduling execution: Before the start of the morning shift, the planner imports the production work order for the day, and the system outputs the optimal scheduling sequence within 10 minutes (e.g., producing glass specifications of similar length adjacently to reduce the movement distance of the auxiliary plate). 30 seconds before the current glass printing is completed, the control unit pre-adjusts the auxiliary plate to the target position of the next specification based on the scheduling results, while the lifting cylinder pre-calibrates its height for seamless switching. Virtual-real mapping calibration: After each batch is completed, the digital twin model parameters are updated using actual production data (such as actual changeover time and positioning errors) to ensure simulation accuracy ≥95%.

[0122] In traditional manual scheduling, the average waiting time for switching between multiple specifications is 8 minutes per cycle. This embodiment reduces this to 1.5 minutes per cycle, improving the production line's OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) by 18%. This is particularly suitable for the production of customized glass (the efficiency improvement is significant when orders of less than 50 pieces per batch account for 40%). By optimizing the auxiliary movement path through GA (Graphical Automation), the start-stop frequency of servo motors is reduced by 25%, the wear of lead screw nuts is reduced by 30%, and the lifespan of core components is extended by more than 15%. Pre-loaded parameters and digital twin verification provide dual protection, eliminating specification confusion caused by manual debugging, and reducing the switching error rate from 0.3% to below 0.01%.

[0123] In some embodiments, by constructing a reinforcement learning (RL) agent, the motion parameters of the drive mechanism (such as servo motor acceleration and cylinder air pressure) are dynamically adjusted to minimize equipment energy consumption and mechanical losses while ensuring printing accuracy.

[0124] State space: Includes current glass specifications (L, W, thickness), auxiliary plate position error e, motor temperature T, cylinder air pressure P, and cumulative running time t. Motion space: Motor motion mode (high-speed mode / energy-saving mode, corresponding to an acceleration of 200mm / s²). 2 / 100mm / s 2 Cylinder pressure rating (high pressure / low pressure, corresponding to 0.6MPa / 0.4MPa). Reward function: R=α×(-e 2 The formula is: β×(-energy consumption) + γ×(-mechanical loss). The Q-Learning algorithm is used to optimize action selection and balance accuracy, energy consumption, and lifespan.

[0125] Environmental modeling and data acquisition involve integrating a current sensor into the servo motor driver to monitor energy consumption in real time (accuracy ±1%); and installing pressure sensors and flow meters in the cylinder air circuit to calculate compressed air consumption. Mechanical loss modeling: Based on motor speed and cylinder extension / retraction cycles, the Arrenness model is used to predict the remaining lifespan of components, with the loss value calculated as 1 - remaining lifespan percentage.

[0126] Reinforcement learning training process: Offline training: A virtual environment is built using historical production data. The agent learns through 5000 rounds of simulation to master the optimal motion parameters for different glass specifications. Online optimization: Every 10 pieces of glass are produced, the Q table is updated based on actual energy consumption and accuracy data to adapt to performance changes caused by equipment aging (e.g., automatically increasing acceleration compensation when motor torque decreases by 5%).

[0127] Control strategy switching: High-precision mode (e.g., electronic glass printing): Force the high-speed high-voltage mode to ensure e≤0.05mm; Normal mode (e.g., architectural glass printing): The energy-saving mode is dynamically selected by the RL agent, allowing e≤0.1mm, reducing energy consumption by 30%.

[0128] Compared to traditional fixed-parameter control, energy consumption in ordinary glass printing is reduced by 25% (servo motor energy consumption reduced by 40%, cylinder air consumption reduced by 15%). Simultaneously, the replacement cycle for easily worn parts such as lead screws, nuts, and seals is extended by 20%, resulting in a reduction of annual maintenance costs of 120,000 yuan (based on 10 production lines). When workshop air pressure fluctuates by ±10%, the RL intelligent agent automatically compensates for cylinder pressure, ensuring that height calibration accuracy remains unaffected, improving robustness by 50% compared to traditional PID control. This transforms equipment status data into decision-making data, achieving a leap from "experience-based control" to "data-driven control," providing underlying data support for future factory-level energy management systems.

[0129] In some embodiments, the surface of the auxiliary plate is scanned in real time by a line scan camera, and the wear level (such as surface roughness and edge gaps) is detected by image recognition algorithm, which automatically triggers a replacement warning, replacing manual visual inspection.

[0130] Detection parameters: surface scratch depth of auxiliary board (≥0.1mm is considered wear), edge chamfer wear (wear >0.5mm requires replacement), material aging and discoloration (quantification of yellowing degree of bakelite board). Algorithm architecture: The YOLOv8 object detection model is used to locate the wear area, and the roughness parameters are calculated by combining the image gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and the wear level is output (level 1-4, level 4 is mandatory replacement).

[0131] Vision system deployment: A 12K resolution linear scan camera is installed 200mm directly above the auxiliary image, with a bar light source (incident angle 45°), a scanning speed of 500mm / s, and automatic detection triggered each time the image is changed (approximately every 2 hours). Image preprocessing: The ROI region of the auxiliary image is extracted through threshold segmentation, and background interference is removed.

[0132] Wear assessment process: Scratch detection: YOLOv8 model identifies scratch location, calculates pixel-level width, and converts to actual size (accuracy ±0.05mm); Roughness calculation: Extracts features such as contrast and entropy of GLCM from ROI region, compares with standard samples, and determines aging if the threshold is exceeded (e.g., contrast change >15%); Edge detection: Extracts auxiliary version edge contour through Canny operator, compares with CAD model, and calculates wear amount ΔL=|actual edge - theoretical edge|.

[0133] Maintenance decision-making mechanism: When the wear level reaches level 3, the system inserts an auxiliary plate replacement task into the production plan (to replace it during the next changeover interval); when it reaches level 4, the system immediately stops and alarms.

[0134] The maintenance approach has shifted from traditional "reactive repair" to "predictive maintenance," optimizing the auxiliary plate replacement cycle from a fixed 8 hours / time to on-demand replacement (averaging 12 hours / time), reducing unnecessary replacement frequency by 40%. Quality risk is now managed proactively: Printing defects caused by auxiliary plate wear are avoided (e.g., the rate of missed detection for edge whitening has decreased from 0.8% to 0.05%), with a 98% accuracy rate in detecting surface electrostatic adsorption of impurities (causing spot defects) due to bakelite aging. Detection data is synchronized to the MES system, generating auxiliary plate life prediction curves to provide data support for procurement planning (e.g., aluminum alloy auxiliary plate inventory can be reduced by 30% as a safety stock).

[0135] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 1-3This invention addresses the issues of production quality, consumables, and efficiency in screen printing. Screen printing screens are larger than the glass size, with a width 200-800mm and a length 700-1200mm greater. During printing, the squeegee presses downwards; if there are no padding materials at the front and back ends of the glass, a bump will appear, potentially causing the glass to move or bounce, resulting in a jittery print. Furthermore, this area causes significant friction between the glass and the screen, leading to wear on both the screen and the squeegee. Traditionally, rubber is attached to the screen with tape to alleviate this, but since rubber is a soft material, it cannot completely solve the problem. Therefore, this invention proposes an auxiliary screen printing plate to solve these problems. The components are as follows:

[0136] Screen printing platform 1: After the glass is cleaned by the cleaning machine, it enters the screen printing platform. The glass enamel is screen printed onto the glass surface through the screen. The flatness of the platform determines the uniformity of the enamel on the colored glass, and ultimately determines the color difference of the colored glass.

[0137] Conveyor belt 2: Used for transporting glass;

[0138] Lifting side stage 3: Due to the restriction on ink return and printing positions, when the side stage is raised, only ink return is possible, and screen printing is not allowed; when the side stage is lowered, printing can be performed.

[0139] Side platform groove track 3-1: for fixing and moving the screen printing auxiliary template;

[0140] Screen printing auxiliary plate 4: After the lifting side platform 3 descends and becomes level with the screen printing platform 1 of the screen printing machine, the screen printing auxiliary plate 4 becomes level with the glass. The squeegee travels smoothly and without shaking from the screen printing auxiliary plate 4 onto the glass. After printing is completed, the screen frame rises, and the lifting side platform 3 also rises. The screen printing auxiliary plate 4, which is connected to the lifting side platform 3, also rises, and the glass is then transferred in and out. This process is repeated without affecting the screen printing.

[0141] Fixing hole 4-1: A fixing hole 4-1 is opened on the screen printing auxiliary plate 4, which is fixed to the lifting side platform 3 by thread.

[0142] The frame 5 is used to ensure the tension and elasticity of the screen, and is generally made of aluminum alloy.

[0143] Ink storage area and screen printing buffer zone 6: A certain distance is reserved on the screen to store ink, reduce the number of ink additions, and improve efficiency; at the same time, a certain buffer zone is left so that the screen mesh can be elastic and not stretched under the pressure of the squeegee.

[0144] Screen printing area 7: This area has a mesh with countless fine holes. Under the pressure of the squeegee, the glass enamel is evenly permeated onto the glass through the fine holes. To ensure the quality of glass printing, the squeegee is placed at a certain distance from the edge of the glass at both the beginning and end. Therefore, to ensure the quality of screen printing, an innovative screen printing auxiliary template is used before and after, which ensures the smoothness of the printing process, extends the service life of the mesh, and guarantees the quality of screen printing.

[0145] This results in the following beneficial effects:

[0146] 1. Process Savings: The screen printing auxiliary template is simply fixed to the side lifting platform via threads at both ends, making it simple and convenient. 2. Increased Productivity and Quality: The screen printing auxiliary template is made of a material with a hardness similar to glass, ensuring smooth transitions and eliminating vibrations during printing. This reduces rework rates and improves both productivity and quality. 3. Material Savings and Long Service Life: Only the screen printing auxiliary template is needed; no other auxiliary consumables are required. Its long service life (1-2 years) saves materials and reduces production costs. 4. Reduced Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution: The screen printing auxiliary template is not bonded to the screen, reducing the amount of water used for screen washing and thus lowering energy consumption and environmental pollution.

[0147] This application uses a sensor module to collect real-time data on glass size, position, and auxiliary plate height. The control unit automatically drives the auxiliary plate to move and lift according to pre-stored parameters, eliminating the need for manual calibration and significantly improving the adaptation efficiency of multi-size glass. Based on real-time feedback of printing pressure data, the control unit dynamically adjusts the position of the auxiliary plate through a preset algorithm, actively compensating for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the screen mesh, thus solving the printing defects caused by the hardness difference of traditional fixed pads. The auxiliary plate is fixed to the lifting side platform by threads and can be reused, avoiding the consumption of disposable consumables such as adhesive tape, while also reducing the amount of water used for screen washing, thus reducing production costs and environmental pollution. The auxiliary plate material has the same hardness and thickness as the glass and is flush with the screen printing platform, ensuring a uniform transition of squeegee pressure, improving the uniformity of the enamel layer, and significantly improving the appearance quality of the colored enamel glass.

[0148] In summary, by combining mechanical structure innovation with intelligent control technology, the limitations of existing technologies that rely solely on passive material adaptation are overcome, forming a closed-loop control system of "perception-decision-execution". This fundamentally solves the problems of defects and inefficiency in the transition section of traditional screen printing, demonstrating significant technological progress and industrial application value.

[0149] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A screen printing auxiliary plate, characterized in that, This invention relates to a screen printing machine, which includes a screen printing platform, a conveyor belt, and a lifting side platform. The lifting side platform has a side platform groove track. A screen printing auxiliary plate is fixedly connected to the lifting side platform via a threaded connection through a fixing hole, and the screen printing auxiliary plate can move back and forth along the side platform groove track on the lifting side platform. The screen printing machine also includes: The sensor module is used to collect in real time the size data, position data, and height difference data between the screen printing auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform of the glass to be printed; the sensor module includes a vision sensor, a photoelectric sensor, and a displacement sensor; the vision sensor is used to collect the length and width dimension data of the glass to be printed, the photoelectric sensor is used to collect the position data of the glass to be printed on the conveyor belt, and the displacement sensor is used to monitor the height difference data between the screen printing auxiliary plate and the screen printing platform in real time. A drive mechanism, connected to the screen printing auxiliary plate, is used to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move along the side platform groove track or to rise and fall with the lifting side platform; the drive mechanism includes a servo motor, a lead screw and nut assembly, and a lifting cylinder; the servo motor is connected to the lead screw and nut assembly to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move back and forth along the side platform groove track, and the lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting side platform to drive the lifting side platform to move the screen printing auxiliary plate up and down; The control unit pre-stores auxiliary plate position parameters and height matching parameters corresponding to different glass sizes. Based on the size data collected by the sensor module, it calls the corresponding position parameters to control the drive mechanism to move the screen printing auxiliary plate to the target position. It also controls the lifting platform to raise and lower the screen printing auxiliary plate based on the height difference data, ensuring the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing. The control unit dynamically adjusts the position of the screen printing auxiliary plate based on real-time pressure data collected during the squeegee printing process to compensate for transitional jitter errors caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh. The pre-stored auxiliary plate position parameters include forward and backward movement distance data corresponding to the glass length. The step of calling the corresponding position parameters based on the size data collected by the sensor module and controlling the drive mechanism to move the screen printing auxiliary plate to the target position includes: matching the corresponding forward and backward movement distance from a preset database based on the glass length data collected by the vision sensor, generating a drive signal to control the servo motor to move the screen printing auxiliary plate to the target position.

2. The screen printing auxiliary plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting the position of the screen printing auxiliary plate based on the pressure data collected in real time during the squeegee printing process to compensate for the transition section jitter error caused by the elastic deformation of the mesh includes: The printing pressure data is collected in real time by a pressure sensor set on the squeegee or screen. When the pressure data fluctuation exceeds a preset threshold, the servo motor is controlled to drive the screen printing auxiliary plate to move slightly closer to the glass. The moving distance is positively correlated with the elastic deformation of the mesh to compensate for the jitter error in the transition section.

3. The screen printing auxiliary plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the lifting platform to raise and lower the screen printing auxiliary plate according to the height difference data, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform and the glass surface during printing, includes: The stroke of the lifting cylinder is adjusted according to the height difference data fed back by the displacement sensor in real time until the upper surface of the screen printing auxiliary plate, the upper surface of the screen printing platform, and the upper surface of the glass to be printed are at the same level.

4. The screen printing auxiliary plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screen printing auxiliary plate is made of insulating bakelite board or aluminum alloy plate. The difference between the hardness of the screen printing auxiliary plate and the hardness of the glass to be printed does not exceed a preset range, and the thickness of the screen printing auxiliary plate is the same as the thickness of the glass to be printed.

5. The screen printing auxiliary plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side platform groove track is a dovetail groove or T-groove structure, and the bottom of the screen printing auxiliary plate is provided with a slider that cooperates with the side platform groove track to realize the smooth sliding of the screen printing auxiliary plate along the track.

6. The screen printing auxiliary plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing holes are located at both ends of the screen printing auxiliary plate, and the fixing holes at both ends are symmetrically distributed. The fixing holes are threaded to the screw holes on the lifting side platform, so that the screen printing auxiliary plate can be detachably fixed to the lifting side platform.

7. The screen printing auxiliary plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the screen printing auxiliary plate covers the ink storage area and the edge of the screen printing buffer zone. When the screen printing auxiliary plate is flush with the screen printing platform, the front and rear ends of the screen printing auxiliary plate are aligned with the edges of the screen printing area of ​​the screen, respectively, to ensure the uniformity of pressure when the squeegee transitions from the auxiliary plate to the glass.

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