Method for determining a topology of a low-voltage power supply of a vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme determination method, and relates to the technical field of power supply of vehicle auxiliary equipment. The method comprises a forward screening process, a horizontal comparison process and a reverse feedback process. The forward screening process comprises collecting functional safety requirements of vehicle functions; identifying associated functional safety requirements; determining functional safety targets of a low-voltage power supply system; and selecting a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes according to the functional safety targets. The horizontal comparison process comprises evaluating and scoring the predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes based on multiple evaluation items. The reverse feedback process comprises determining weights of the multiple evaluation items according to vehicle model project positioning and vehicle model comprehensive requirements; weighting the scores by using the weights to calculate scheme scores; and selecting a final low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to the scheme scores. The application can comprehensively meet development requirements while reducing vehicle costs and unnecessary safety redundancy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power supply technology for vehicle auxiliary equipment, and more specifically, to a method for determining a low-voltage power supply topology scheme for vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most vehicle platforms still use traditional fuses and relays in their low-voltage electrical system designs to ensure the safety of the entire vehicle's low-voltage wiring harness and low-voltage electrical components. However, with the development of intelligent driving functions and functional safety, traditional low-voltage power supply topologies cannot meet the functional safety requirements of L2++ and L3 and above intelligent driving functions. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce electronic switches to replace traditional fuses and relays, developing low-voltage power supply topologies that differ from traditional solutions.

[0003] However, there are many types of new topology schemes based on electronic switches, isolators, and redundant power supplies. Multiple topology schemes can be selected from various factors. Therefore, there is a need to develop a topology scheme screening method to select the one most suitable for the specific vehicle model. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining a vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme. The method includes: a forward screening process: collecting functional safety requirements for the entire vehicle's functions; identifying functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power supply system from these requirements; determining the functional safety objectives of the low-voltage power supply system based on the functional safety levels of the functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power supply system; selecting a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes based on the functional safety objectives; a lateral comparison process: evaluating and scoring the predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes based on multiple evaluation items, including multiple items such as component cost, part development cost, low-voltage power supply system weight, vehicle availability, robustness, safety, expandability, and installation space; and a reverse feedback process: determining the weights for the multiple evaluation items based on the vehicle model's project positioning and overall vehicle requirements; weighting the scores using the weights of the evaluation items to calculate the scheme scores for the predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes; and selecting the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme from the predetermined number of scheme scores based on the scheme scores.

[0005] In some implementations, selecting the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme from the predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes based on the scheme score includes: if the difference between the scores of the first-ranked and second-ranked schemes is greater than a threshold, selecting the low-voltage power supply topology scheme with the highest scheme score as the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme; if the difference between the scores of the first-ranked and second-ranked schemes is less than or equal to the threshold, selecting the scheme with the highest score in the evaluation item with the largest weight from the first-ranked and second-ranked schemes as the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme.

[0006] In some implementations, identifying functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power system among the functional safety requirements of the vehicle functions includes: classifying the functional safety requirements of the vehicle functions into three levels: related to the low-voltage power system, partially related, and unrelated; and identifying the functional safety requirements of the related and partially related levels as functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power system.

[0007] In some implementations, determining the functional safety objective of a low-voltage power supply system based on the functional safety level of the functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power supply system includes: obtaining the functional safety level of the relevant functional safety requirements as a first functional safety level; breaking down some of the relevant functional safety requirements to obtain the functional safety level of the part related to the low-voltage power supply system as a second functional safety level; and selecting the higher of the first and second functional safety levels as the functional safety objective of the low-voltage power supply system.

[0008] In some implementations, the types of vehicle functions include one or more of electrical functions, body functions, drive functions, intelligent driving functions, and chassis functions.

[0009] In some implementations, vehicle availability assessment includes an evaluation of redundant power supply and power supply isolation for the vehicle model.

[0010] In some implementations, the robustness evaluation score is determined based on the frequency with which the low-voltage power supply topology scheme is used in mass-produced vehicle models.

[0011] In some implementations, the scalability evaluation item is scored based on the following steps: calculating the extent of changes required to apply the low-voltage power supply topology to different platforms, including the number of changed interfaces, the number of changed components, the changed voltage values, and the changed current values.

[0012] In some implementations, the weights of component cost assessment items and part development cost assessment items are determined based on the cost or pricing of this vehicle model and competing vehicle models; and / or the weight of the low-voltage power system weight assessment item is determined based on a comparison of the weight of this vehicle model and competing vehicle models.

[0013] In some implementations, the weights of vehicle availability assessment items are determined based on the vehicle model's functional safety level and / or intelligent driving level, and / or the weights of safety assessment items are determined based on the functional safety objectives of the vehicle's low-voltage power system.

[0014] The low-voltage power supply topology determination method proposed in this invention includes three processes: forward screening, lateral comparison, and reverse feedback. This method offers significant advantages over screening methods that only involve forward screening or a combination of forward and lateral screening. Purely forward evaluation and selection of low-voltage power supply system topologies can lead to unnecessary cost increases and design redundancy. Through multi-faceted lateral evaluation and comparison, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology can be comprehensively understood, reducing unnecessary cost increases to some extent from the perspective of component and development costs. Adding a reverse feedback process allows for a comprehensive consideration of the initial topology selection based on the vehicle's positioning and requirements, better aligning with the current cost-saving requirements of vehicle development. Furthermore, by imposing restrictions on vehicle availability and safety indicators, the safety of the development design can be improved. In summary, the three processes of forward screening, lateral comparison, and reverse feedback can more comprehensively meet development needs while reducing overall vehicle costs and unnecessary safety redundancy.

[0015] The horizontal comparison of the embodiments of the present invention includes eight aspects: component cost, part development cost, low-voltage power system weight, vehicle availability, robustness, safety, scalability, and installation space. It comprehensively considers various influencing factors of topology design and can achieve the goal of selecting the most practical topology scheme.

[0016] The low-voltage power supply topology determination method proposed in this invention employs a weighted scoring approach in the reverse feedback process, emphasizing the importance of both the most critical indicators and the overall score. This approach integrates various design requirements while also considering the most critical needs during vehicle development, such as cost considerations or safety requirements. This solution is more suitable for current automotive manufacturers' practical applications, allowing for the selection and trade-off of certain evaluation items when appropriate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings by way of example and not limitation, wherein:

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining a vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 2A flowchart illustrating the forward screening process according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a lateral comparison process according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 4 A flowchart of the reverse feedback process according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] In the accompanying drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The principles and spirit of the present invention will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0024] In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining a low-voltage power supply topology scheme for a vehicle. (See reference...) Figure 1 This illustrates a flowchart of a method for determining a vehicle low-voltage power supply topology according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes a forward screening process 100, a horizontal comparison process 200, and a reverse feedback process 300.

[0025] refer to Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a forward screening process according to an embodiment of the present invention. The forward screening process 100 includes steps S101-S104.

[0026] In step S101, functional safety requirements for all vehicle functions are collected. As one embodiment of the present invention, the types of vehicle functions include one or more of the following: electrical functions, body functions, drive functions, intelligent driving functions, and chassis functions.

[0027] Before selecting a topology scheme, the functional safety requirements of the entire vehicle are collected. These requirements include functional safety target information. After collection, the information is summarized and analyzed, primarily categorized into five major functional items: electrical functions, body functions, drive functions, intelligent driving functions, and chassis functions.

[0028] In step S102, functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power supply system are identified among the functional safety requirements of the vehicle functions.

[0029] As an embodiment of the present invention, step S102 may include: classifying the functional safety requirements of the vehicle functions into three levels: related to the low-voltage power system, partially related, and unrelated; and determining the functional safety requirements of the related level and the partially related level as functional safety requirements related to the low-voltage power system.

[0030] As an example, identify the functional safety requirements (FSR) related to low-voltage power supply systems from all functional safety requirements of the five functional items.

[0031] For example, a safety objective for a certain function is to prevent the brake lights from turning off unexpectedly when the system is activated. This safety objective is related to low-voltage power systems, where power loss or voltage instability can lead to unexpected brake light shutdown.

[0032] For example, a safety objective for a certain function is to prevent the turn signals from malfunctioning in the opposite direction when the system is activated. Since a fault in the low-voltage power system will not cause the turn signals to malfunction, this safety objective is unrelated to the low-voltage power system.

[0033] For example, Functional Safety Levels (ASILs) can be divided into four levels from low to high: A, B, C, and D. The safety objective of a certain function is to prevent insufficient lateral torque provided by the vehicle when the system is active. Based on the requirements of the Navigate on Autopilot (NOA) function in intelligent driving systems, this safety objective requires ASIL B for high-speed NOA control; therefore, the low-voltage power supply system meets the ASIL B requirement. This safety objective requires ASIL D for the steering system, and since the NOA function requires driver intervention after a failure is detected, it does not require the power supply system to maintain system operation. Therefore, the requirements for the steering system in this safety objective are unrelated to the low-voltage power supply. Thus, this safety objective is partially related to the low-voltage power supply system.

[0034] In step S103, the functional safety objectives of the low-voltage power supply system are determined based on the functional safety level of the functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power supply system.

[0035] As an embodiment of the present invention, step S103 may include: obtaining the functional safety level of the relevant functional safety requirements as a first functional safety level; breaking down the functional safety requirements of some relevant levels to obtain the functional safety level of the part related to the low-voltage power supply system as a second functional safety level; and taking the higher level between the first functional safety level and the second functional safety level as the functional safety target of the low-voltage power supply system.

[0036] For relevant FSRs, three levels of judgment or distinction will be made: Irrelevant, Partially relevant, and Relevant. Irrelevant FSRs will be excluded, and Partially relevant and Relevant FSRs will be analyzed and decomposed to determine the highest ASIL level functional safety requirement related to the low-voltage power supply topology scheme as the functional safety target of the low-voltage power supply system.

[0037] In step S104, a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes are selected based on functional safety objectives.

[0038] As an example, based on the functional safety objectives of the low-voltage power supply system, a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes can be initially selected, for example, no more than three. For instance, by analyzing the functional safety objectives of the entire vehicle, the highest functional safety objective related to the low-voltage power supply system (i.e., Relevant level) is ASIL C. For functions partially related to the low-voltage power supply system (i.e., Partially relevant level), by breaking down the functional safety objective, the highest functional safety requirement for the low-voltage power supply system is ASIL B, then the functional safety requirement for the low-voltage power supply system is ASIL C. Based on the ASIL C safety level, and according to, for example, the VDA450 standard and the specific needs of the vehicle, no more than three power supply topology schemes can be selected.

[0039] refer to Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a lateral comparison process according to an embodiment of the present invention. Taking three low-voltage power supply topologies as an example, namely low-voltage power supply topology 1, low-voltage power supply topology 2, and low-voltage power supply topology 3, the lateral comparison process may include evaluating and scoring a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topologies based on multiple evaluation criteria. In this example, the three topologies are evaluated and scored respectively, resulting in scores 1, 2, and 3. The multiple evaluation criteria include several of the following: component cost, part development cost, low-voltage power supply system weight, vehicle availability, robustness, safety, scalability, and installation space. As an example, Figure 3 The document displays all eight evaluation items. In practical applications, multiple items can be selected from these eight to meet specific needs.

[0040] The following examples illustrate the scoring methods for each evaluation item.

[0041] Component cost refers to the price of mass-produced parts of major components in a low-voltage power supply system (such as batteries, battery sensors, DC / DC converters, isolators, etc.). The prices of each topology scheme are normalized and used as a score. Normalization of the scores here and below can be achieved by reflecting the score of each evaluation item within the same score range.

[0042] Component development cost refers to the development engineering cost and prototype cost of major components in a low-voltage power supply system. The prices of each topology scheme are normalized and then presented as a fraction.

[0043] Weight refers to the evaluation of the weight of low-voltage power supply components, including lead-acid batteries, DC / DC converters, and wiring harnesses. The weight of each topology scheme is normalized and then used as a score.

[0044] Vehicle availability refers to assessing whether the low-voltage power system meets the functional availability requirements of the system during the process of reaching a safe state. As one embodiment of this invention, the vehicle availability assessment includes evaluating the vehicle model's redundant power supply and power supply isolation. If the low-voltage power system causes a common-cause failure that violates the vehicle's safety objectives, the independence of the system's power supply should be ensured during the distribution of the vehicle's low-voltage power supply. For vehicle development focusing on advanced intelligent driving functions, the presence of redundant power supply and power supply isolation results in a higher score; the absence of redundant power supply or power supply isolation results in a lower score; and the absence of both redundant power supply and power supply isolation results in a low score.

[0045] Robustness refers to assessing the maturity and complexity of low-voltage power supply components and systems. In one embodiment of the invention, the robustness evaluation score is determined based on the frequency of use of the low-voltage power supply topology in mass-produced vehicle models. For example, a higher robustness score is awarded if the topology is frequently used in mass-produced vehicles or other main vehicle models, and vice versa.

[0046] Safety refers to the initial decomposition of the overall vehicle-level low-voltage power system safety objectives into individual low-voltage power system components. A preliminary analysis is conducted to determine whether the current low-voltage power system components can meet the assigned safety objectives. The analysis also identifies potential problems and risks associated with the low-voltage power system meeting the safety objectives proposed by ADAS, and outlines corresponding countermeasures. Fault injection simulations are performed on the low-voltage power system. A high score is awarded if there are no risks, a relatively high score if there are risks but solutions are available, and a low score if there are risks without clear solutions or if the solutions are difficult to implement.

[0047] Scalability refers to the scalability of a low-voltage power supply system platform application, enabling it to be adapted for different types of vehicles without major system modifications. Higher scalability results in a higher score. In one embodiment of this invention, the scalability evaluation score is obtained through the following steps: calculating the extent of changes required to apply the low-voltage power supply topology to different platforms, including the number of changed interfaces, components, voltage values, and current values. In practice, the topology can be applied to different platforms, and the number of changes required, including the number of interfaces, components, voltage values, and current values, can be calculated. Fewer changes result in a higher score.

[0048] Installation space refers to the space available for low-voltage power supply components, which may be more critical in compact vehicles. Assess the required installation space for low-voltage power supply components and wiring harnesses, taking into account space and location constraints. Smaller installation space results in a higher score.

[0049] Based on the above eight evaluation items, the three low-voltage power supply topology schemes are evaluated and scored. As an example, the scoring principle can be: each item is scored out of 100, with a maximum score of 100 for each evaluation item. Scoring is done according to the specific parameters and evaluation principles of each item, without weighting, and only the score value of each of the eight evaluation items is displayed.

[0050] Figure 4 A flowchart of a reverse feedback process according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The reverse feedback process 300 may include steps S301-S303.

[0051] In step S301, the weights for multiple evaluation items are determined based on the vehicle model project positioning and overall vehicle model requirements.

[0052] Based on the vehicle model's positioning and overall requirements, eight evaluation items are assigned weights, with weight values ​​ranging from 0 to 1, respectively. cc i dc i w i a i r i s i sc i i .

[0053] First, determine the baseline requirements for low-voltage power supply for this specific vehicle model across the aforementioned eight evaluation items, such as cost requirements, space requirements, and requirements for robustness and safety. Then, determine the weighting based on the level of these baseline requirements.

[0054] As one embodiment of the present invention, the weights of the component cost assessment item and the part development cost assessment item are determined based on the cost or pricing of the current model and competing models. If the model's price is higher than that of competing models, the weight is larger; if the model's price is lower than that of competing models, the weight is smaller; if the model is positioned as a low-cost vehicle, the weight is larger. For example, if the cost of competing models is between 100,000 and 200,000, and the cost requirement for this model is 150,000, the weight would be (150,000 - 100,000) / 100,000 = 0.5.

[0055] As one embodiment of the present invention, the weight of the low-voltage power supply system weight assessment item is determined based on a comparison of the weight of the current vehicle model with that of competing models. If the vehicle model's weight is higher than that of competing models, the weight value is larger; if the vehicle model's weight is lower than that of competing models, the weight value is smaller.

[0056] As one embodiment of the present invention, the weight of the vehicle availability assessment item is determined based on the vehicle model's functional safety level and / or intelligent driving level. If the vehicle model is positioned towards advanced autonomous driving or intelligent driving functions, and has a high functional safety level and intelligent driving level, then the weight value is large; conversely, the weight value is small.

[0057] For the robustness evaluation item, the higher the maturity of the power supply components and the system, the greater the weight value.

[0058] As one embodiment of the present invention, the weights of the safety assessment items are determined based on the functional safety objectives of the vehicle's low-voltage power supply system. The higher the functional safety objective of the vehicle's power supply system, the greater the weight value.

[0059] Regarding the weight of the scalability evaluation item, if the vehicle model is positioned to be expanded in the future to support different levels of intelligent driving, such as changing from L2 to L3, requiring changes to the low-voltage power supply system, then the weight value is large if there is a need for change, and small if there is no need for change.

[0060] Regarding the weight of the installation space assessment item, if the installation space is sufficient and the low-voltage power supply system can be arranged flexibly, the weight value is small; if the installation space is insufficient and it is necessary to assess whether the low-voltage power supply system can be arranged reasonably, the weight value is large.

[0061] The weights of the above evaluation items can be normalized and then weighted accordingly.

[0062] In step S302, the scores are weighted using the weights of the evaluation items to calculate the scheme scores for a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes. A weighted summation method can be used to calculate the scheme scores.

[0063] For example, the scoring weight calculation method is as follows:

[0064] S total =i cc S cc + i dc S dc + i w S w + i a S a + i r S r + i s S s + i sc S sc + i i S i ,

[0065] Among them, S total This is the scheme score for each low-voltage power supply topology scheme, i cc i dc i w i a i r i s i sc i i These are the weights of the eight evaluation items, S cc S dc S w S a S r S s S sc S i These are the scores for eight evaluation items.

[0066] In step S303, the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme is selected from a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes based on the scheme score.

[0067] As an embodiment of the present invention, S303 may include: if the difference between the scores of the first and second ranked schemes is greater than a threshold, selecting the low-voltage power supply topology scheme with the highest score as the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme; if the difference between the scores of the first and second ranked schemes is less than or equal to a threshold, selecting the scheme with the highest score among the evaluation items with the largest weight from the first and second ranked schemes as the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme.

[0068] As an example, if the score difference between the top-ranked and second-ranked solutions after scoring is greater than a threshold m, the top-ranked solution is selected. If the score difference between the first and second-ranked solutions is less than the threshold m, the evaluation item with the highest weight is selected, and the solution with the highest score in that item becomes the final solution. The solution selection process is as follows:

[0069] If S total,1 -S total,2 Since the score is greater than m, the solution with the highest score is chosen.

[0070] If S total,1 -S total,2 <= m, therefore choose to obtain S max The scheme; Smax refers to the highest score value of the evaluation item corresponding to the imax weight, where imax is the largest weight among multiple evaluation items, i max =max(i cc i dc i w i a i r i s i sc i i ).

[0071] The low-voltage power supply topology determination method proposed in this invention is achieved through three processes: forward screening, lateral comparison, and reverse feedback. This method offers significant advantages over screening methods that rely solely on forward screening or a combination of forward and lateral screening. Purely forward evaluation and selection of low-voltage power supply system topologies can lead to unnecessary cost increases and design redundancy. Multi-faceted lateral evaluation and comparison provide a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each topology, reducing unnecessary cost increases to some extent from the perspective of component and development costs. Adding a reverse feedback process allows for a comprehensive consideration of the initial topology selection based on the vehicle's positioning and requirements, better aligning with the current cost-saving requirements of vehicle development. Furthermore, limiting vehicle availability and safety indicators can improve the safety of the development design. In summary, the three processes of forward screening, lateral comparison, and reverse feedback can more comprehensively meet development needs while reducing overall vehicle costs and unnecessary safety redundancy.

[0072] The horizontal comparison of the embodiments of the present invention includes eight aspects: component cost, part development cost, low-voltage power system weight, vehicle availability, robustness, safety, scalability, and installation space. It comprehensively considers various influencing factors of topology design and can achieve the goal of selecting the most practical topology scheme.

[0073] The low-voltage power supply topology determination method proposed in this invention employs a weighted scoring approach in its reverse feedback process, emphasizing the importance of both the most critical indicators and the overall score. This approach integrates various design requirements while also considering the most critical needs during vehicle development, such as cost considerations or safety requirements. When the overall scores are similar, the score of the evaluation item with the highest weight value is taken into account to determine the final topology scheme. This method is more suitable for the actual application of current automakers, allowing for trade-offs of certain evaluation items when appropriate.

[0074] The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been given for illustrative purposes and is not exhaustive, nor is it intended to limit the invention to the exact forms disclosed. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and elements therein can be substituted with equivalents. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the invention without departing from the basic scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention; the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining a vehicle low-voltage power supply topology, characterized in that, The method includes: Forward screening process: Collect functional safety requirements for the entire vehicle; identify functional safety requirements related to the low-voltage power supply system from the functional safety requirements of the entire vehicle; determine the functional safety objectives of the low-voltage power supply system based on the functional safety levels of the functional safety requirements associated with the low-voltage power supply system; select a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes based on the functional safety objectives. Horizontal comparison process: The predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes are evaluated and scored based on multiple evaluation items, including multiple items such as component cost, part development cost, low-voltage power supply system weight, vehicle availability, robustness, safety, scalability and installation space. Reverse feedback process: Based on the vehicle model's positioning and overall requirements, determine the weights for the multiple evaluation items; use these weights to weight the scores, calculating a predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes; and select the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme from the predetermined number of schemes based on the scheme scores. Among the functional safety requirements for the whole vehicle, those related to the low-voltage power supply system include: The functional safety requirements of the entire vehicle are divided into three levels: related to the low-voltage power supply system, partially related, and unrelated. The functional safety requirements of relevant levels and some relevant levels are identified as functional safety requirements associated with low-voltage power supply systems. Furthermore, determining the functional safety objectives of a low-voltage power supply system based on the functional safety level of the functional safety requirements associated with the system includes: Obtain the functional safety level of the relevant functional safety requirements and use it as the first functional safety level. The functional safety requirements of some relevant levels are broken down to obtain the functional safety level of the part related to the low-voltage power supply system, which is used as the second functional safety level. The higher of the first functional safety level and the second functional safety level shall be taken as the functional safety target of the low-voltage power supply system.

2. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the scheme score, the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme is selected from the predetermined number of low-voltage power supply topology schemes, including: If the difference between the scores of the first and second ranked schemes is greater than the threshold, the low-voltage power supply topology scheme with the highest score will be selected as the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme. If the difference between the scores of the first and second ranked schemes is less than or equal to the threshold, the scheme with the higher score in the evaluation item with the largest weight among the first and second ranked schemes shall be selected as the final low-voltage power supply topology scheme.

3. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of vehicle functions include one or more of the following: electrical functions, body functions, drive functions, intelligent driving functions, and chassis functions.

4. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Vehicle availability assessment includes an evaluation of the vehicle model's redundant power supply and power supply isolation.

5. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The robustness evaluation score is determined based on the frequency of use of the low-voltage power supply topology in mass-produced vehicle models.

6. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The scores for the extensibility assessment items are obtained according to the following steps: This section outlines the changes required to adapt low-voltage power supply topologies to different platforms. These changes include the number of interfaces, components, voltage values, and current values ​​that need to be modified.

7. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The weights of component cost assessment items and part development cost assessment items are determined based on the cost or pricing of this vehicle model compared to competing models; and / or The weight of the low-voltage power supply system weight assessment item is determined based on a comparison of the weight of this model with that of competing models.

8. The method for determining the vehicle low-voltage power supply topology scheme according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The weights of vehicle availability assessment items are determined based on the vehicle model's functional safety level and / or intelligent driving level, and / or the weights of safety assessment items are determined based on the functional safety objectives of the vehicle's low-voltage power system.

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