Segmented assembled floating platform and construction operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a segmented assembly type floating platform and a construction operation method thereof. The floating platform comprises an upper floating platform mechanism, a diving mechanism and a middle anchoring mechanism. The upper floating platform mechanism comprises an upper floating body and an upper connecting part fixed to the upper floating body, the diving mechanism comprises a lower floating body, a lower connecting part fixed to the lower floating body and a lower ballast assembly arranged on the lower floating body, a lower ballast water tank is arranged in the lower floating body, and the lower ballast assembly is used for injecting water into the lower ballast water tank or discharging water out of the lower ballast water tank; the floating platform mechanism floats on the water surface, and the submerging mechanism is used for submerging in the water or falling on the water bottom surface; the middle anchoring mechanism is connected with the upper connecting part of the floating platform mechanism and the lower connecting part of the diving mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of offshore engineering equipment, and in particular to a segmented assembled floating platform and a construction and operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As offshore wind power expands into deeper waters, floating wind turbine platforms have become a key supporting technology. Currently, mainstream floating platform structures, such as semi-submersibles, tension-leg platforms, and barge-type platforms, have varying degrees of limitations in adaptability, safety, and ease of construction.

[0003] At present, mainstream floating wind turbine platforms have technical difficulties in the following aspects: 1. Insufficient adaptability: Most existing platforms are of a single structural form, which is difficult to apply to both shallow and deep waters, and has a limited scope of application; 2. High installation complexity: Traditional platforms require a large number of auxiliary ships and precision lifting during installation, are greatly affected by sea conditions, and have poor safety and operability; 3. Single structural material, and it is difficult to balance durability and cost: Pure steel or pure concrete structures are difficult to meet the requirements of corrosion resistance, buoyancy control and structural strength at the same time; 4. The platform's attitude and draft depth adjustment capabilities are weak: it is difficult to meet the dynamic buoyancy requirements of different stages of transportation, transition, installation and operation; 5. The mooring system has a delayed response and a single connection form: unreasonable distribution of anchor chains or unadjustable tension leads to poor platform stability, which is easily affected by wind and waves and causes large drift. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a segmented assembled floating platform and its construction and operation method, which can be applied to waters of different depths, has a wide range of uses, and effectively improves the overall stability and anti-overturning ability.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a segmented assembled floating platform, comprising an upper floating platform mechanism, a lower diving mechanism and an intermediate anchoring mechanism; the upper floating platform mechanism comprises an upper floating body and an upper connecting portion fixed to the upper floating body, the lower diving mechanism comprises a lower floating body, a lower connecting portion fixed to the lower floating body, and a lower ballast assembly arranged on the lower floating body, the lower floating body is provided with a lower ballast water tank, and the lower ballast assembly is used to inject water into or discharge water from the lower ballast water tank; the upper floating platform mechanism floats on the water surface, and the lower diving mechanism is used to dive in the water or land on the bottom of the water; the intermediate anchoring mechanism is respectively connected to the upper connecting portion of the upper floating platform mechanism and the lower connecting portion of the lower diving mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the upper floating body and the lower floating body are both made of concrete.

[0007] Furthermore, the floating platform mechanism also includes an upper ballast assembly arranged on the upper floating body, the upper floating body is provided with an upper ballast water tank, and the upper ballast assembly is used to add water to or discharge water from the upper ballast water tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper connecting part is a steel column.

[0009] Furthermore, the intermediate anchoring mechanism includes an intermediate anchoring cable connecting the upper connecting part and the lower connecting part, and the intermediate anchoring cable is connected to the upper connecting part by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure; the intermediate anchoring cable is connected to the lower connecting part by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the intermediate mooring cable has a tension adjusting unit for adjusting the length and a tension adjusting unit for detecting the tension.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an upper platform anchoring mechanism, which is connected to the upper connecting part of the floating platform mechanism and is used to anchor the floating platform mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which is connected to the lower ballast component control of the diving mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a platform posture monitoring system, which is used to detect the movement status of the floating platform mechanism and the diving mechanism.

[0014] The present invention also provides a construction and operation method of a segmented assembled floating platform, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Prefabrication and assembly: prefabricate and assemble the floating platform mechanism and the diving mechanism;

[0016] S2. Platform transportation and positioning: The upper platform structure floats on the water; the water volume in the lower ballast tank is controlled by the lower ballast assembly to keep the submersible structure in a floating or submerged state; the upper platform structure and the submersible structure are towed in the water to the designated installation waters;

[0017] S3. Sinking and connection of the submersible mechanism: The water volume in the lower ballast tank is controlled by the lower ballast assembly to make the submersible mechanism sink to the specified depth or fall on the bottom of the water; the floating platform mechanism is located above the submersible mechanism, and the floating platform mechanism and the submersible mechanism are connected by the intermediate anchoring mechanism.

[0018] As described above, the floating platform and the construction and operation method thereof according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. It adopts two detachable parts: the floating platform and the submersible mechanism. The submersible mechanism can be selected as bottom-sitting or suspended according to actual needs, and can be flexibly deployed in a variety of environments from shallow offshore waters to deep offshore waters. The floating platform mechanism adopts a semi-submersible configuration, which has good wave adaptability and stability.

[0020] 2. The core load-bearing components of the floating platform mechanism are made of concrete to enhance durability and corrosion resistance. The upper connection part is a steel external column, which is easy to manufacture and transport, and realizes the coordinated optimization of materials and functions. The main part of the diving mechanism is also made of concrete to enhance durability and corrosion resistance.

[0021] 3. Both the floating platform mechanism and the diving mechanism achieve dynamic adjustment of buoyancy and draft through ballast water control. During the installation process, they can realize automatic floating and sinking, position docking and other operations, and the platform attitude stability is further enhanced by the joint counterweight.

[0022] 4. The floating platform structure and the submersible structure are firmly connected by an intermediate anchoring mechanism, and a distributed anchor chain layout combined with an automatic tension adjustment function is adopted to achieve multi-directional stable anchoring. It can quickly adjust in response to changes in sea conditions and improve the platform's anti-drifting ability under the action of wind and waves.

[0023] 5. The modular design allows for segmented manufacturing, transportation, and rapid assembly, significantly reducing construction and operation and maintenance costs. Mechanical quick connections and watertight sealing technology can be used between modules to ensure structural integrity and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the floating platform of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the floating platform mechanism in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the diving mechanism in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the submersible mechanism of the present invention submerged in water.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the submersible mechanism of the present invention sunk to the bottom of the water.

[0029] Explanation of Figure Numbers

[0030] 1 Floating platform mechanism

[0031] 11 floating body

[0032] 111 Upper ballast water tank

[0033] 112 Upper transverse cavity

[0034] 12 Upper connection

[0035] 13 Middle column

[0036] 2 Diving mechanism

[0037] 21 lower floating body

[0038] 211 Lower ballast tank

[0039] 212 Lower transverse cavity

[0040] 22 Lower connection

[0041] 3 Intermediate anchor cable

[0042] 4 Upper platform anchor cable DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0044] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. depicted in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose of the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides a segmented assembled floating platform, including an upper floating platform mechanism 1, a lower submersible mechanism 2 and an intermediate anchoring mechanism; the upper floating platform mechanism 1 includes an upper floating body 11 and an upper connecting portion 12 fixed to the upper floating body 11, the lower submersible mechanism 2 includes a lower floating body 21, a lower connecting portion 22 fixed to the lower floating body 21, and a lower ballast assembly (not shown in the drawings) arranged on the lower floating body 21, the lower floating body 21 is provided with a lower ballast water tank 211, and the lower ballast assembly is used to inject water into or discharge water from the lower ballast water tank 211; the upper floating platform mechanism 1 floats on the water surface, and the submersible mechanism 2 floats in the water or lands on the bottom of the water; the intermediate anchoring mechanism is respectively connected to the upper connecting portion 12 of the upper floating platform mechanism 1 and the lower connecting portion 22 of the submersible mechanism 2.

[0046] The floating platform of the present invention adopts a split design. The upper platform mechanism 1 floats on the water surface to support the water platform and facilities. The submersible mechanism 2 can control the water volume in the lower ballast tank 211 through the lower ballast assembly according to actual needs, so that the submersible mechanism 2 becomes a semi-hanging type suspended in the water at an appropriate depth. Figure 4 , or it can fall on the bottom of the water and sit on the bottom, see Figure 5 The floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 are connected by an intermediate anchoring mechanism to constrain the relative positions of the two. The floating platform is flexible and convenient to use and can be flexibly deployed in a variety of environments from shallow offshore waters to deep offshore waters to meet different usage needs. Since part of the weight of the entire floating platform (the submersible mechanism 2) sinks in the water, the center of gravity of the entire floating platform is low and can be flexibly adjusted, thereby effectively improving the overall stability and anti-overturning ability of the platform, optimizing the center of gravity arrangement and the platform motion response performance. On the basis of maintaining stability, the waterline area of ​​the floating platform mechanism 1 can be reduced accordingly, thereby reducing material consumption and construction costs, and saving production costs. In addition, the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 can be manufactured in sections. During construction, both can float on the water. The floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 can be towed to the designated waters, and then the submersible mechanism 2 is submerged to the designated depth or falls onto the bottom of the water. There is no need for ship carrying and lifting, and the construction is simple and efficient. During maintenance, the water volume in the lower ballast water tank 211 can be regulated by the lower ballast assembly to make the submersible mechanism 2 float up to facilitate maintenance operations. There is no need for deep-water operations, and maintenance is more convenient.

[0047] See also Figures 1 to 5 The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0048] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the floating body 11 is made of high-strength concrete, and is made into an internal hollow pontoon structure on the shore by concrete pouring. The floating body 11 can be composed of a plurality of hollow pontoons, which are placed horizontally, and the cross-sectional shape can be circular, rectangular or polygonal, etc., and the cavity ratio, diameter and wall thickness are reasonably designed. The hollow pontoon can also be of other shapes. An intermediate column 13 is fixedly provided at the center of the floating body 11, and its material is high-strength concrete, which can be cast integrally with the floating body 11. The intermediate column 13 can be used to connect with the operating platform facilities (such as wind turbine towers) installed on the floating platform. As the core bearing components, the intermediate column 13 and the floating body 11 are both made of concrete materials, which can enhance durability and corrosion resistance.

[0049] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the upper buoyant body 11 is further provided with an upper ballast tank 111. Specifically, the internal cavity of the upper buoyant body 11 is arranged in layers. The upper layer constitutes the upper transverse cavity 112, which primarily provides buoyancy, and the lower layer constitutes the upper ballast tank 111. The upper buoyant platform mechanism 1 also includes an upper ballast assembly disposed on the upper buoyant body 11, which is used to add or remove water from the upper ballast tank 111. Preferably, the upper ballast tank 111 is configured to include multiple independent compartments based on the shape and structure of the upper buoyant body 11. Each compartment is distributed at different locations on the upper buoyant body 11 and independently receives and discharges water. By regulating the amount of water in each compartment, the gravity and center of gravity of the upper buoyant body 11 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting its operating posture. With this design, the upper buoyant platform mechanism 1 can flexibly adjust its buoyancy according to the size of the load it carries. The upper buoyant platform mechanism 1 adopts a semi-submersible configuration, which provides excellent wave adaptability and stability. Among them, the upper ballast component can adopt an existing suitable design, and the seawater can be pumped into the upper ballast water tank 111 through a two-way suction pump, or the water in the upper ballast water tank 111 can be pumped out and discharged into the seawater, and the upper ballast component can also be provided with a detection sensor for detecting the water volume in the upper ballast water tank 111.

[0050] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the upper connecting portion 12 is a steel column with a cavity inside. The use of steel columns not only has strong bearing capacity, reliable connection, and convenient manufacturing and transportation, but also has the advantages of controllable weight, flexible processing, simple maintenance, stable performance, and short construction period. The floating platform mechanism 1 can also adopt a steel-concrete composite structure, combining the advantages of the two materials to improve overall performance and economy. In addition, the columns can also be made of concrete or composite materials. Preferably, there are multiple columns, which are arranged at the periphery of the floating body 11, and are preferably evenly arranged in a ring around the center of the floating body 11. In other embodiments, the upper connecting portion 12 can also adopt other suitable structures.

[0051] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the lower buoyancy body 21 is also made of concrete and is cast onshore to form a hollow pontoon structure. The lower buoyancy body 21 can include multiple hollow pontoons fixedly connected to each other. The hollow pontoons are arranged in a horizontally arranged cylindrical shape, with a properly designed cavity ratio, diameter, and wall thickness. The hollow pontoons can also have other shapes. The internal cavity of the lower buoyancy body 21 is arranged in layers. The upper layer constitutes the lower transverse cavity 212, which primarily serves to reduce weight and provide buoyancy, while the lower layer constitutes the lower ballast tank 211 or solid ballast tank. The lower buoyancy body 21 formed by combining multiple hollow pontoons can be triangular or other polygonal in shape, depending on actual needs. The lower connecting portion 22 on the lower buoyancy body 21 can be located between two hollow pontoons. Preferably, there are multiple lower connecting portions 22, the same number as the upper connecting portion 12, and the multiple lower connecting portions 22 are arranged around the periphery of the lower buoyancy body 21, preferably evenly arranged in a circular pattern around the center of the lower buoyancy body 21. In this embodiment, the lower ballast assembly can adopt an existing suitable design, and use a two-way suction pump to pump seawater into the lower ballast water tank 211 or pump water out of the lower ballast water tank 211 and discharge it into the seawater, and the upper ballast assembly can also be provided with a detection sensor for detecting the amount of water in the lower ballast water tank 211.

[0052] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the intermediate anchoring mechanism includes an intermediate anchoring cable 3 connecting the upper connecting portion 12 and the lower connecting portion 22. There are multiple intermediate anchoring cables 3. Two or more intermediate anchoring cables 3 can be connected to one upper connecting portion 12 (steel column), and the other ends of the two intermediate anchoring cables 3 are respectively connected to the two lower connecting portions 22. Conversely, two or more intermediate anchoring cables 3 can be connected to one lower connecting portion 22, and the upper ends of the two intermediate anchoring cables 3 are respectively connected to the two upper connecting portions 12. Preferably, the upper end of the intermediate anchoring cable 3 is connected to the steel column by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure (such as a ball hinge structure). The lower connecting portion 22 is also connected to the lower end of the intermediate anchoring cable 3 by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure (such as a ball hinge structure). In other embodiments, the intermediate anchoring mechanism can also adopt other existing suitable structures that can achieve a stable connection between the floating platform mechanism 1 and the diving mechanism 2.

[0053] In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the intermediate mooring cable 3 adopts a structure capable of automatically extending and retracting to adjust tension. The main portion of the intermediate mooring cable 3 is an anchor chain, and in some cases, a steel wire rope or rope can also be used. The intermediate mooring cable 3 is provided with a tension adjustment unit for adjusting length and a tension adjustment unit for detecting tension. The tension adjustment unit can specifically be a component with a tensile function, such as a cylinder, embedded in the middle of the anchor chain of the intermediate mooring cable 3, or it can also be set at the end of the intermediate mooring cable 3 to shorten the overall length of the intermediate mooring cable 3. The tension adjustment unit can also adopt an existing detection instrument capable of monitoring tensile tension. During the assembly of the floating platform and when operating at sea, the tension of the intermediate mooring cable 3 is detected by the tension adjustment unit. According to the tension condition, the effective working length of the intermediate mooring cable 3 is changed by the tension adjustment unit to meet the required tension.

[0054] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, as a preferred design, it also includes an upper platform anchoring mechanism, which is connected to the upper connecting portion 12 of the floating platform mechanism 1 and is used to connect the floating platform mechanism 1 to an anchor. The upper platform anchoring mechanism includes multiple upper platform anchoring cables 4, which are preferably anchor chains. In some cases, they can also be made of structures such as wire ropes and ropes. The upper ends of the upper platform anchoring cables 4 are connected to the upper connecting portion 12 by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure, or they can also be connected by embedded parts. The lower ends are fixedly connected to the bottom of the water by anchoring parts (such as suction piles, gravity anchors, anchor hammers, etc.). The number of upper platform anchoring cables 4 is set to multiple according to actual needs, and is preferably evenly distributed in a ring around the center of the floating platform mechanism 1. Furthermore, the upper platform anchoring cables 4 also adopt a design structure that can automatically retract and retract to adjust the tension, which is provided with a tension adjustment unit for adjusting the length and a tension adjustment unit for detecting the tension. Its structural principle is the same as that of the above-mentioned intermediate anchoring cables 3. When the floating platform is being assembled and working at sea, the tension of the upper platform anchor cable 4 is detected by the tension adjustment unit. According to the tension, the effective working length of the middle anchor cable 3 is changed through the tension adjustment unit so that the tension meets the requirements, thereby adjusting the motion state of the upper platform mechanism 1.

[0055] In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the floating platform also includes a control system. This control system is connected to the lower ballast assembly of the submersible mechanism 2 and can automatically control the lower ballast assembly to replenish or drain a certain amount of water from the lower ballast tank 211 of the lower buoy 21 as needed, thereby adjusting the gravity and center of gravity of the lower buoy 21, causing it to float, sink, or adjust its posture. Furthermore, the tension detection units in the intermediate mooring cable 3 and the upper platform mooring cable 4 are both communicatively connected to the control system, transmitting tension data to the system.

[0056] In this embodiment, as a preferred design, the floating platform also includes a platform attitude monitoring system, which is used to detect the motion state of the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2. The platform attitude system can specifically adopt existing detection structures, such as GPS positioning device measurement, speed detection sensor, level measuring instrument, etc. as needed. The detected motion state includes translation speed in various directions, rotation speed, levelness, etc. Based on the detection data of the platform attitude monitoring system and the tension data in the intermediate anchor cable 3 and the upper platform anchor cable 4, the movement of the upper ballast assembly and the lower ballast assembly is controlled, thereby controlling the state of the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2, and controlling the extension and retraction of the intermediate anchor cable 3 and the upper platform anchor cable 4.

[0057] The present invention also provides a method for constructing and operating the above-mentioned segmented assembly floating platform, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1. Prefabrication and assembly:

[0059] The floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 are prefabricated and assembled. Specifically, in this embodiment, the floating platform mechanism 1 can be manufactured in a factory or offshore prefabrication yard. The floating platform mechanism 1 and the wind turbine generator set installed thereon can be assembled at a dock or offshore construction platform to form an upper assembly module with integrated transport capabilities. The submersible mechanism 2 is manufactured in a prefabrication yard or dry dock. Due to its self-floating structural design, it can be transported to the designated operating area by tow without the need for a large crane vessel, significantly reducing construction costs and operational risks.

[0060] S2. Platform transportation and positioning:

[0061] The floating platform mechanism 1 floats on the water; the water volume in the lower ballast water tank 211 is controlled by the lower ballast component, so that the submersible mechanism 2 is in a floating or submerged state, that is, the submersible mechanism 2 can be on the water surface or below the water surface at this time; the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 are towed in the water to the designated installation waters.

[0062] During towing, the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 can be connected as a whole and then towed together. In this case, the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 can be connected via a multi-directional flexible hinge mechanism. During connection, the upper and lower ballast assemblies can respectively complete the posture correction and pre-alignment of the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2, ensuring joint alignment and structural stability. The floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 can also be disconnected and towed separately to the designated installation waters.

[0063] In this embodiment, prior to transport of the upper buoyancy platform mechanism 1 and the lower buoyancy platform mechanism 2, preferably, the upper ballast tank 111 in the upper buoyancy body 11 and the lower ballast tank 211 in the lower buoyancy body 21 are both pre-emptied, and the upper and lower ballast assemblies are both in the initialization phase. During platform transportation, both the upper ballast tank 111 and the lower ballast tank 211 must maintain sufficient buoyancy. At this point, the water level in both the upper ballast tank 111 and the lower ballast tank 211 remains low, retaining only the minimum ballast water required to adjust the posture of the upper buoyancy platform mechanism 1 and the lower buoyancy platform mechanism 2, thereby reducing motion resistance and ensuring floating stability.

[0064] S3. Sinking and connection of diving mechanism 2:

[0065] The lower ballast assembly controls the amount of water in the lower ballast tank 211, allowing the submersible mechanism 2 to sink to a specified depth, remaining suspended (i.e., suspended), or resting on the water surface (i.e., sitting on the bottom). After the upper platform mechanism 1 is positioned appropriately above the submersible mechanism 2, the upper platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 are connected using an intermediate anchoring mechanism. Specifically, multiple intermediate anchoring cables 3 are installed, with their upper ends connected to the upper connection portion 12 of the upper platform mechanism 1 and their lower ends connected to the lower connection portion 22 of the submersible mechanism 2.

[0066] In this embodiment, during this process, the upper ballast assembly regulates the water volume in the upper ballast tank 111 of the upper buoyant body 11, while the lower ballast assembly regulates the water volume in the lower ballast tank 211 of the lower buoyant body 21. This allows for fine-tuning of the upper platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 in multiple directions, including trim, heel, and draft, to facilitate the installation and connection of the intermediate anchoring mechanism. Furthermore, the filling and drainage rates and pressures of the upper and lower ballast tanks 111 and 211 are monitored in real time to ensure controlled structural changes and avoid significant sway or displacement.

[0067] S4. Intermediate anchorage tensioning and overall structural optimization:

[0068] By controlling the action of the tension adjustment unit in the intermediate mooring cable 3, the tension of the intermediate mooring cable 3 is adjusted to ensure that the tension of each intermediate mooring cable 3 is reasonably distributed and the force is evenly distributed, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and dynamic stability of the floating platform and forming an integrated platform system.

[0069] S5. Mooring deployment and platform positioning of floating platform mechanism 1:

[0070] After the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 are connected, the mooring phase of the floating platform mechanism 1 begins. The floating platform mechanism 1 is connected to the underwater anchor system via the upper platform anchoring mechanism. Specifically, multiple upper platform anchoring cables 4 are installed. The upper ends of the upper platform anchoring cables 4 are connected to the upper connection portion 12 of the floating platform mechanism 1, and the lower ends are anchored to the underwater surface via anchors (such as suction piles, gravity anchors, and anchor hammers). The tension of the upper platform anchoring cables 4 is adjusted by the tension adjustment units in the upper platform anchoring cables 4 to ensure that the tension of each upper platform anchoring cable 4 is properly distributed, thereby resisting multi-directional wind, wave, and current loads and achieving adaptive and stable positioning of the platform.

[0071] The floating platform can serve as a platform for wind power generation and other offshore operations. After the floating platform is assembled and structural connections and electrical system connectivity are confirmed, the wind power system installed on the floating platform undergoes a commissioning test. Upon successful completion of the test, the wind turbines are officially started and put into operation, and the platform enters a stable power generation phase. The floating platform of this invention is particularly suitable for ultra-large floating wind turbines with capacities of 10 MW and above, offering the combined advantages of high stability, low cost, and strong adaptability.

[0072] S6. Center of gravity and attitude control of floating platform:

[0073] After the platform officially begins operation, the platform's attitude monitoring system monitors wind, wave, and current conditions, as well as the platform's attitude, in real time. When wind speed or wave height fluctuates significantly, the ballast water volume and distribution in the ascending platform mechanism 1 and descending mechanism 2 are adjusted to maintain the platform's center of gravity at the optimal position, ensuring that tower verticality, platform rotation, and pitch response remain within safe ranges during wind turbine operation.

[0074] In this embodiment, both the upper ballast tank 111 and the lower ballast tank 211 include multiple independent compartments arranged at different locations. When the platform is disturbed, the platform maintains stability by adjusting the inflow and outflow of each compartment. The control method for the upper ballast tank 111 and the lower ballast tank 211 is the same, and both introduce the control differential equation for the change of ballast tank water volume:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, i represents the cabin number, m i is the water mass in the cabin; h i is the water level in the cabin; c i is the liquid resistance coefficient, k i is the buoyancy stiffness; F i (t) is the equivalent disturbance force; ΔP i A is the pump pressure / external pressure difference; i is the effective area of ​​the ballast tank.

[0077] S7. Maintenance of floating platform:

[0078] During the operation and maintenance or overhaul phase, the control system is used to control the operation of the lower ballast assembly of the submersible mechanism 2, automatically pumping out the water in the lower ballast tank 211, restoring the high buoyancy state of the submersible mechanism 2, and allowing the submersible mechanism 2 to float, thereby facilitating maintenance and improving the platform's response capability and operational safety during maintenance.

[0079] As can be seen from the above, the floating platform and the construction and operation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0080] 1. It adopts two detachable parts, the floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2. The submersible mechanism 2 can be selected as bottom-sitting or suspended according to actual needs, and can be flexibly deployed in various environments from shallow offshore waters to deep offshore waters; the floating platform mechanism 1 adopts a semi-submersible configuration, which has good wave adaptability and stability.

[0081] 2. The core bearing components of the floating platform mechanism 1 are made of concrete to enhance durability and corrosion resistance. The upper connecting part 12 adopts steel external columns to facilitate manufacturing and transportation, realizing the coordinated optimization of materials and functions. The main part of the diving mechanism 2 is also made of concrete to enhance durability and corrosion resistance.

[0082] 3. Both the floating platform mechanism 1 and the diving mechanism 2 achieve dynamic adjustment of buoyancy and draft through ballast water control. During the installation process, they can realize automatic floating and sinking, position docking and other operations, and the platform attitude stability is further enhanced by the joint counterweight.

[0083] 4. The floating platform mechanism 1 and the submersible mechanism 2 are firmly connected by an intermediate anchoring mechanism. A distributed anchor chain layout combined with an automatic tension adjustment function is used to achieve multi-directional stable mooring. This allows for rapid adjustment in response to changes in sea conditions, improving the platform's ability to resist drifting under wind and waves.

[0084] 5. The modular design allows for segmented manufacturing, transportation, and rapid assembly, significantly reducing construction and operation and maintenance costs. Mechanical quick connections and watertight sealing technology can be used between modules to ensure structural integrity and safety.

[0085] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0086] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A segmented floating platform, characterized by: The invention comprises an upper floating platform mechanism (1), a lower diving mechanism (2) and an intermediate anchoring mechanism; the upper floating platform mechanism (1) comprises an upper floating body (11) and an upper connecting portion (12) fixed to the upper floating body (11); the lower diving mechanism (2) comprises a lower floating body (21), a lower connecting portion (22) fixed to the lower floating body (21), and a lower ballast assembly arranged on the lower floating body (21); a lower ballast water tank (211) is provided in the lower floating body (21); the lower ballast assembly is used to inject water into or discharge water from the lower ballast water tank (211); the upper floating platform mechanism (1) floats on the water surface; the lower diving mechanism (2) is used to float in the water or land on the bottom of the water; the intermediate anchoring mechanism is respectively connected to the upper connecting portion (12) of the upper floating platform mechanism (1) and the lower connecting portion (22) of the lower diving mechanism (2).

2. The segmented assembly floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper floating body (11) and the lower floating body (21) are both made of concrete.

3. The segmented assembly floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating platform mechanism (1) further comprises an upper ballast assembly arranged on the upper floating body (11), wherein the upper ballast water tank (111) is provided in the upper floating body (11), and the upper ballast assembly is used to add water to or discharge water from the upper ballast water tank (111).

4. The segmented assembly floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper connecting portion (12) is a column made of steel.

5. The segmented assembled floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate anchoring mechanism comprises an intermediate anchoring cable (3) connecting an upper connecting portion (12) and a lower connecting portion (22); the intermediate anchoring cable (3) and the upper connecting portion (12) are connected by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure; and the intermediate anchoring cable (3) and the lower connecting portion (22) are connected by a multi-directional flexible hinge structure.

6. The segmented assembly floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate mooring cable (3) has a tension adjusting unit for adjusting the length and a tension adjusting unit for detecting the tension.

7. The segmented assembled floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an upper platform anchoring mechanism, which is connected to the upper connecting portion (12) of the floating platform mechanism (1) and is used to anchor the floating platform mechanism (1).

8. The segmented assembled floating platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control system, which is connected to the lower ballast component of the diving mechanism (2).

9. The segmented assembled floating platform according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: It also includes a platform attitude monitoring system, which is used to detect the movement status of the floating platform mechanism (1) and the diving mechanism (2).

10. A method for constructing and operating a segmented floating platform according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, prefabrication and assembly: prefabricate and assemble the floating platform mechanism (1) and the diving mechanism (2); S2. Platform transportation and positioning: the floating platform mechanism (1) floats on the water; the water volume in the lower ballast tank (211) is controlled by the lower ballast assembly to place the submersible mechanism (2) in a floating or submerged state; the floating platform mechanism (1) and the submersible mechanism (2) are towed in the water to the designated installation waters; S3. Sinking and connection of the submersible mechanism (2): The water volume in the lower ballast water tank (211) is controlled by the lower ballast assembly so that the submersible mechanism (2) sinks to a specified depth or falls onto the bottom of the water; the floating platform mechanism (1) is located above the submersible mechanism (2), and the floating platform mechanism (1) and the submersible mechanism (2) are connected using an intermediate anchoring mechanism.

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