Semi-fixed biological floating island coupling biofilm device for sewage treatment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of water pollution control and aquatic ecological restoration engineering technology, specifically disclosing a semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment. It includes: a floating island platform, comprising a platform frame; a biofilm carrier system suspended below the platform frame, including adsorption valves and several suspended carrier units; an anchoring system located below the platform frame; and an aeration system matched with the suspended carrier units. This device, through the arrangement of the suspended carrier units, can screen and cultivate the most effective denitrifying microbial communities at the source and pre-load them onto the biofilm carrier, achieving the coupling of ultrafiltration membrane-biorope directional mass transfer and pre-acclimation of the moving bed biofilm, as well as closed-loop treatment of pollutants through "retention → decomposition → transport → absorption," overcoming the limitations of traditional floating islands that rely on passive adsorption; and solving the problems of poor fixation and low TN removal efficiency in existing bio-floating island technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water pollution control and water ecological restoration engineering technology. Specifically, it relates to a semi-fixed biological floating island coupled biofilm device for sewage treatment. Background Technology

[0002] Eutrophication is a serious global problem, primarily caused by the excessive discharge of nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) into water bodies through domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. This leads to the abnormal proliferation of autotrophic organisms such as algae (especially cyanobacteria). After the algae die, they are decomposed by microorganisms, consuming large amounts of dissolved oxygen and producing toxic substances, causing water quality deterioration. The death and decay of fish and other organisms further release nutrients, creating a vicious cycle. The serious consequences include: a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen, reduced water transparency (hindering photosynthesis), mass mortality of fish, shrimp, and zooplankton; anaerobic decomposition of bottom organic matter releasing toxic gases; accumulation of nitrates and nitrites threatening human and animal health (causing cancer or poisoning); and a sharp decline in the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] When treating eutrophication, bio-floating island technology, as a novel biological treatment method, has significant advantages over traditional eutrophication water treatment technologies. However, the plant roots in bio-floating islands are mostly floating, thus limiting the attachment space for microorganisms and hindering their accumulation on the floating island, resulting in unsatisfactory wastewater purification effects. Biofilm carriers, as a means of constructing novel biological islands based on traditional artificial floating islands, can effectively provide more habitats for microorganisms, thereby improving the total nitrogen removal efficiency of eutrophic water. However, since the microorganisms on the biofilm mainly grow and reproduce naturally in the water, the growth of microorganisms on the biofilm is passive, resulting in a slow process and limited growth numbers, leading to a still low TN removal efficiency for this system.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention proposes a semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for sewage treatment, in order to establish a bio-island grid system based on domesticated and cultivated biofilm, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with a biofilm device for wastewater treatment, so as to solve the problems of poor fixation effect and low TN removal efficiency in existing bio-floating island technology.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with a biofilm device for wastewater treatment includes:

[0008] The floating island platform, as a carrier platform, includes a floating island platform frame, within which a plant planting space is formed;

[0009] A biofilm carrier system, suspended on the lower side of a floating island platform frame, includes an adsorption valve and several suspended carrier units. The adsorption valve is located on the upper side of the bottom wall of the floating island platform frame and is connected to the suspended carrier units, which are located on the lower side of the bottom wall of the floating island platform frame.

[0010] Anchoring system, located below the floating island platform frame and extending to the seabed;

[0011] The aeration system is installed in the water below the floating island platform frame and is matched with the suspended carrier unit.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the suspension carrier unit includes:

[0013] The bio-rope passes through the insertion hole and adsorption valve on the floating island platform frame at its upper end and is connected to the adsorption valve.

[0014] The protective netting-biofilm carrier filler particles are evenly distributed on the bio-rope and connected to it.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bio-rope comprises:

[0016] The bio-rope body passes through the through-hole and adsorption valve on the floating island platform frame at its upper end, and is connected to the adsorption valve. It is a biocompatible matrix material component.

[0017] The selective protective layer is an ultrafiltration membrane disposed on the outer surface of the bio-rope body.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective net-biofilm carrier filler particle carrier comprises:

[0019] A protective net is placed over the bio-rope and connected to it. Several permeable holes are provided in the protective net.

[0020] Lightweight mobile biofilm packing material is filled inside the protective net, and the particle size of the lightweight mobile biofilm packing material is larger than the diameter of the permeable holes.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lightweight mobile biofilm packing material is a biofilm packing material with sufficient surface load and high activity of microbial film after inoculation and domestication culture.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the floating island platform frame is a frame-shaped platform, and the plant planting space of the floating island platform frame is filled with planting substrate. Several buoyancy units are provided on the outer side of the sidewall of the floating island platform frame.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anchoring system is provided with several components on the underside of the floating island platform frame, including:

[0024] The anchoring chain is a flexible connection chain, with a bolted rod at the upper end that connects to a threaded sleeve located on the lower side of the floating island platform frame, and an anchor hook at the lower end.

[0025] Anchor hooks are matched with underwater anchor points or sand layers on the lower side of the water body.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aeration system includes:

[0027] The solar panel is fixedly installed on the upper outer surface of the protective box within the frame of the floating island platform and is connected to the blower.

[0028] The blower is housed inside the protective box, and its exhaust end is connected to the air collection pipe located inside the floating island platform frame via a flow pump and an air pipe.

[0029] The gas delivery hose is located in the water below the floating island platform frame, connected to the gas collection pipe, and is arranged alternately with the suspended carrier unit.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of exhaust micropores are provided on the surface of the gas delivery hose, and the number of exhaust micropores on the surface of the gas delivery hose increases sequentially along the end of the gas delivery hose away from the floating island platform frame.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method of using the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment includes:

[0032] Initiation and material cycle;

[0033] (1) Solar aeration and oxygen supply: The solar panel drives the blower, and the air is released through the exhaust micro-hole at the end of the air delivery hose;

[0034] (2) Bubble path: It runs through the biofilm carrier region from bottom to top, providing dissolved oxygen and driving aerobic reactions;

[0035] (3) Graded treatment of pollutants;

[0036] Macromolecule retention: Bacteria and proteins in the water are retained by the ultrafiltration membrane on the surface of the bio-rope;

[0037] Biofilm degradation: Dissolved organic matter is oxidized and decomposed by microorganisms on the carrier; ammonia nitrogen is nitrified into nitrate;

[0038] (4) Nutrient transport: Small molecule nutrients are transported to the adsorption valve via the capillary action of the biological rope;

[0039] Plant-based synergistic purification;

[0040] The adsorption valves transport nutrients to the floating island planting area for plant roots to absorb, thus completing nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

[0041] Anti-clogging and hybrid enhancement;

[0042] Dynamic anti-clogging: The aeration bubbles disturb the lightweight packing material, causing it to tumble within the protective net and peel off the aging biofilm; the rising water flow washes the surface of the carrier, reducing clogging;

[0043] Oxygen balance distribution: The micropore density of the gas delivery hose increases with water depth, compensating for oxygen deficiency in deep water areas;

[0044] Seasonal maintenance;

[0045] Plant management: Harvest the above-ground parts of the plant once a month during the growing season to remove accumulated nutrients;

[0046] Carrier maintenance: Check the permeability of the bio-rope ultrafiltration membrane quarterly and backwash with a high-pressure water gun; replace 30% of the packing material and replenish active microorganisms every six months;

[0047] Winter protection: In cold regions, solar panels and blowers are removed, and floating islands are towed to the shore and covered with membranes for insulation.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with biofilm device for wastewater treatment, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. By setting up the suspended carrier unit, the most effective denitrifying microbial community can be screened and cultivated from the source and preloaded onto the biofilm carrier. This realizes the coupling of ultrafiltration membrane-biorope directional mass transfer and pre-acclimation of moving bed biofilm, as well as the closed-loop treatment of pollutants through "retention → decomposition → transport → absorption". This breaks through the limitations of traditional floating islands that rely on passive adsorption and effectively overcomes the problems of slow microbial adaptation to the environment, low efficiency or weak targeting in traditional methods.

[0050] 2. By setting up a protective net-biofilm carrier packing granular carrier, microorganisms can colonize and grow on the surface of the lightweight mobile biofilm packing, forming a stable biofilm and gradually adapting to the water quality pressure of the target water body, so that their denitrification metabolic activity reaches the optimal state, that is, achieving "active biofilm formation" with a sufficient amount of highly active microorganisms. The start-up period is effectively shortened by pre-acclimating the microorganisms, and the TN removal rate is effectively improved. Moreover, the porous surface of the lightweight mobile biofilm packing provides a huge habitat for microorganisms, which facilitates their attachment, growth and reproduction in large quantities to form a biofilm, thereby achieving efficient biodegradation of pollutants.

[0051] 3. The anchoring system enables the floating island platform frame to be suspended and fixed, allowing the floating island to float vertically when the water level changes, while also allowing for a certain range of elastic displacement under the action of wind and waves, thus avoiding structural damage caused by rigid tension; at the same time, it prevents the floating island platform frame from drifting with the waves, ensuring the purification effect on sewage quality.

[0052] 4. By setting up an aeration system, sufficient dissolved oxygen can be provided for the aerobic microorganisms attached to the protective net-biofilm carrier granular carrier. Sufficient oxygen promotes the activity of aerobic microorganisms, thereby efficiently degrading dissolved organic matter in the water and completing nitrification. At the same time, the water flow disturbance generated by the rising bubbles can directly wash the surface of the biofilm carrier above, effectively reducing the risk of clogging and promoting the mixing of the water around the carrier, making the distribution of pollutants and oxygen more uniform.

[0053] This solves the problems of poor fixation and low TN removal efficiency in existing bio-floating island technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the usage status of the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment according to the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the floating island platform of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the floating island platform of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment according to the present invention.

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suspension carrier unit of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified cross-sectional view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0062] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective net-biofilm carrier filler particle carrier of the present invention.

[0063] [Explanation of Key Component Symbols]

[0064] 1. Floating island platform; 2. Biofilm carrier system; 3. Anchoring system; 4. Aeration system; 5. Floating island platform frame; 6. Buoyancy unit; 7. Planting substrate; 8. Solar panel; 9. Divider basket; 10. Protective box; 11. Air collection pipe; 12. Through hole; 13. Through hole; 14. Adsorption valve; 15. Flow pump; 16. Air pipe; 17. Threaded sleeve; 18. Exhaust micropore; 19. Anchoring chain; 20. Anchor hook; 21. Counterweight ball; 22. Air supply hose; 23. Biorode; 24. Protective net - biofilm carrier filler particle carrier; 25. Blower; 26. Selective protective layer; 27. Protective net; 28. Lightweight mobile biofilm filler; 29. ​​Biorode body. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The structure and usage of the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention.

[0066] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0067] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments as described in this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0068] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0069] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0070] To address the problems of poor fixation and low TN removal efficiency in existing bio-floating island technology, the following section, in conjunction with the instruction manual, provides further details. Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 8 The structure of the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment according to the present invention is described.

[0071] A semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with a biofilm device for wastewater treatment comprises a floating island platform 1, a biofilm carrier system 2, an anchoring system 3, and an aeration system 4. The floating island platform 1 serves as the mounting platform and includes a floating island platform frame 5. The floating island platform frame 5 is suspended above the water surface and has space within it for planting plants. The biofilm carrier system 2 is suspended below the floating island platform frame 5 and completely submerged in water, for actively adsorbing and efficiently degrading dissolved organic matter (BOD / COD) and nitrified ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N→NO3). - The anchoring system 3 is located below the floating island platform frame 5 and extends to the bottom anchoring point to achieve "semi-fixation" of the floating island platform frame 5, allowing it to rise and fall with water level fluctuations. The aeration system 4 is located in the water area below the floating island platform frame 5 to supply oxygen to the water body, providing sufficient dissolved oxygen for the aerobic microorganisms attached to the biofilm 2 to enhance pollutant degradation, prevent carrier clogging, and promote water mixing.

[0072] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The floating island platform frame 5 is a frame-shaped platform with a reserved plant planting cavity inside the frame, and the planting cavity is filled with planting substrate 7 for plant planting; several buoyancy units 6 are provided on the outer side wall of the floating island platform frame 5, which are used to provide sufficient buoyancy to support the weight of plants, carriers, auxiliary equipment and personnel maintenance during use.

[0073] Specifically, the plant planting cavity of the floating island platform frame 5 is also equipped with a planting divider basket 9, which is used to divide the plant planting cavity into multiple lightweight, porous, and stable planting baskets to ensure the overall structural stability of the floating island platform frame 5 when planting plants. Simultaneously, the planting baskets are filled with a planting substrate 7, such as a mixture of expanded clay pebbles, volcanic rock, vermiculite, and coconut coir, to provide initial fixation and nutrients for the plants, while also facilitating root penetration and growth. The divider basket 9 is preferably made of materials such as plastic baskets or coconut fiber baskets to ensure cross-regional root growth.

[0074] More specifically, the preferred plants are aquatic / wetland plants with well-developed root systems, strong decontamination capabilities, and adaptability to local climate and water quality. Examples include: reeds, cattails, canna lilies, water onions, irises, sweet flag, and ryegrass. Emergent flowers can be added for aesthetic purposes. Plant density is optimized based on treatment needs and water conditions.

[0075] Specifically, several through holes 12 are evenly arranged on the side wall of the floating island platform frame 5. During use, these holes serve to provide ventilation and dehumidification, which helps maintain the air permeability and suitable humidity environment inside the planting substrate 7, thereby ensuring the activity of microorganisms inside the planting substrate 7.

[0076] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The biofilm carrier system 2 includes an adsorption valve 14 and several suspended carrier units suspended below the floating island platform frame 5. The adsorption valve 14 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom wall of the floating island platform frame 5 and connected to the suspended carrier units. The suspended carrier units are located on the lower side of the bottom wall of the floating island platform frame 5 and are completely submerged in water. In use, the adsorption valve 14 actively adsorbs and transports nutrients adsorbed and decomposed by the suspended carrier units to the interior of the floating island platform frame 5 for absorption by the plant roots in the planting substrate 7. This process improves wastewater treatment efficiency and enables the uniform distribution of nutrients through the adsorption valve 14. The suspended carrier units are specially designed or treated active carrier units that can actively promote the attachment and loading of microorganisms in the water, thereby achieving a more efficient active biofilm formation process.

[0077] Specifically, the suspended carrier unit includes a bio-rope 23 and multiple inoculated and acclimatized protective net-biofilm carrier filler particles 24 disposed on the bio-rope 23. The upper end of the bio-rope 23 passes sequentially through the through-hole 13 on the floating island platform frame 5 and the adsorption valve 14, and is connected to the adsorption valve 14 via a pressure plate located on the upper side of the adsorption valve 14. The protective net-biofilm carrier filler particles 24 are evenly distributed on the bio-rope 23 and fixedly connected to the bio-rope 23. The bio-rope 23 mainly serves to fix the protective net-biofilm carrier filler particles 24 on it; at the same time, it serves as a channel for transferring soluble small molecule nutrients (such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, simple organic matter, etc.) adsorbed and decomposed by microorganisms at the filler pack 24 to the interior of the adsorption valve 14 under the active adsorption action (physical adsorption, concentration gradient driven) of the adsorption valve 14, and finally for absorption and utilization by the plant roots in the planting substrate 7 within the floating island platform frame 5.

[0078] More specifically, the bio-rope 23 includes a bio-rope body 29 and a selective protective layer 26 disposed on the outside of the bio-rope body 29. The bio-rope body 29 is made of a biocompatible matrix material (such as modified polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.); the selective protective layer 26 is an ultrafiltration membrane disposed on the outer composite surface of the bio-rope body 29. The pore size of this ultrafiltration membrane ranges from 0.001 to 0.02 micrometers. The ultrafiltration membrane can effectively retain large molecules (such as proteins, bacteria, etc.) in water, while allowing water molecules and dissolved small inorganic molecules (such as NH4) produced by microbial decomposition to pass through. + NO3 - ,PO4 3- ,K + Plasma (with a size much smaller than 0.001 μm) and small organic molecules (such as acetic acid and glucose) are present. Water and nutrients permeate into the interior or adjacent area of ​​the biorode 23. Subsequently, driven by the active adsorption (physical adsorption, concentration gradient driven) generated by the adsorption valve 14, these small molecule nutrients are directionally transported to the interior of the adsorption valve 14 along the internal channels or interfaces of the biorode 23.

[0079] More specifically, the protective net-biofilm carrier particle carrier 24 includes a protective net 27 and lightweight mobile biofilm filler 28 filled inside the protective net 27. The protective net 27 is fitted over the bio-rope 23 and fixedly connected to it. The protective net 27 has several permeable holes, the diameter of which is designed to be smaller than the particle size of the lightweight mobile biofilm filler 28, ensuring that the filler 28 is confined within the protective net 27. The permeable holes allow water flow, dissolved pollutants, and microorganisms such as bacteria to pass through the protective net 27. When water carrying substances passes through the protective net 27, the lightweight mobile biofilm filler 28 moves under the action of the fluid and comes into full contact with the passing bacteria, dissolved organic matter, and nutrients. The porous surface of the lightweight mobile biofilm packing 28 provides a huge habitat for microorganisms, which facilitates their attachment, growth and reproduction to form a biofilm, thereby achieving efficient biodegradation of pollutants. At the same time, the setting of the protective net 27 can increase the weight of the entire protective net-biofilm carrier packing particle carrier 24, which plays an anti-buoyancy role, allowing the bio-rope 23 to be vertically distributed in the water.

[0080] More specifically, the principle of inoculation and acclimatization culture of the protective net-biofilm carrier filler particle carrier 24 is as follows: based on the characteristics of the target water body, the most effective denitrifying microbial community is screened and cultured from the source, and preloaded onto the biofilm carrier. This method overcomes the problems of slow microbial adaptation to the environment, low efficiency, or weak targeting in traditional methods.

[0081] Its specific process includes:

[0082] Step 1: Microbial screening and target identification;

[0083] Step 1.1: Collect microbial samples from the target water body or similar polluted environment, analyze the polluted water body, and screen out unique microbial species or communities that have the potential to efficiently remove nitrogen pollutants from the target polluted water body (especially those contained therein).

[0084] Step 1.2: Under laboratory conditions, simulate the main characteristics of the target water body (such as pollutant concentration, pH, temperature, salinity, etc.) and set different culture conditions (such as carbon-nitrogen ratio, dissolved oxygen level);

[0085] Step 2: Inoculation and acclimatization culture of biofilm carriers;

[0086] Step 2.1: Inoculate the selected microorganisms onto the lightweight mobile biofilm packing material 28 of the biofilm carrier system 2 (or, if necessary, onto the surface of the adsorption valve 14);

[0087] Step 2.2: Under controlled laboratory or pilot-scale conditions, simulate an environment similar to the actual water body to be treated in the future (key points: such as pollutant concentration range, temperature, hydraulic conditions, etc.) to acclimate and cultivate the biofilm carrier loaded with microorganisms.

[0088] The core of this method is to allow microorganisms to colonize and grow on the surface of the carrier (lightweight mobile biofilm packing 28), forming a stable biofilm, and gradually adapting to the water quality pressure of the target water body, so that its denitrification metabolic activity reaches the optimal state, that is, to achieve "active biofilm formation" with a sufficient load of highly active microorganisms.

[0089] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The anchoring system 3 is provided on the lower side of the floating island platform frame 5, and includes several anchoring chains 19 and anchor hooks 20 to provide semi-fixation for the device. The anchoring chains 19 are flexible connecting chains, with a threaded rod at the upper end that connects to a threaded sleeve 17 located on the lower side of the floating island platform frame 5, and the lower end fixedly connected to the anchor hooks 20. The anchor hooks 20 are used to fix the floating island platform frame 5 at the bottom anchor point or sand layer position on the lower side of the water body during use, so as to achieve the suspension and fixation of the floating island platform frame 5. This allows the floating island to float vertically when the water level changes (such as during rainfall, flood discharge, and evaporation), and at the same time, it has a certain range of elastic displacement under the action of wind and waves, avoiding structural damage caused by rigid pulling.

[0090] Specifically, the underwater anchoring points can be made of concrete blocks, spiral anchors, weights, etc. The length of the anchoring chain 19 needs to be designed according to the maximum water level fluctuation.

[0091] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The aeration system 4 includes a solar panel 8, a blower 25, and an air delivery hose 22. The solar panel 8 is fixedly installed on the upper outer surface of the protective housing 10 within the floating island platform frame 5 and connected to the blower 25 via a power line. The blower 25 is fixedly installed inside the protective housing 10, and its exhaust end is connected to the air collection pipe 11 located within the floating island platform frame 5 via a flow pump 15 and an air pipe 16. The air delivery hose 22 is arranged in the water below the floating island platform frame 5, communicating with the air collection pipe 11 and interleaved with the suspended carrier unit. In use, the solar panel 8 converts solar energy into electrical energy to drive the blower 25. The blower 25 draws in external air along the air holes on the protective housing 10 and delivers it to the air delivery hose 22 via the air pipe 16 and the air collection pipe 11. The air is released from the air delivery hose 22 into the area where the underwater biofilm carrier system 2 is located. Injecting oxygen into the water provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for the aerobic microorganisms attached to the protective net-biofilm carrier granular carrier 24 (and the entire biofilm carrier system 2). Sufficient oxygen promotes the activity of these aerobic microorganisms, thereby efficiently degrading dissolved organic matter (BOD / COD) in the water and completing nitrification (NH3-N→NO3). - ).

[0092] Specifically, the depth to which the gas delivery hose 22 extends into the water body is greater than the length of the bio-rope 23. This design ensures that the venting micropores 18 at the lower end of the surface of the gas delivery hose 22 are located below the protective net-biofilm carrier packing particle carrier 24. When the venting micropores 18 located below the packing carrier 24 release air bubbles, the water flow disturbance generated during the bubble's ascent directly washes the surface of the upper biofilm carrier (protective net 27, lightweight mobile biofilm packing 28), effectively reducing the risk of clogging and promoting water mixing around the carrier, resulting in a more uniform distribution of pollutants and oxygen.

[0093] Specifically, multiple venting micropores 18 are provided on the surface of the air supply hose 22, and the number of venting micropores 18 increases sequentially along the end of the air supply hose 22 away from the floating island platform frame 5. As water depth increases, the background concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water usually decreases, and the oxygen release efficiency during bubble rise may also change. By increasing the micropore density at the end of the air supply hose 22 (deep water area), more air (oxygen) can be released into the deeper water area with less dissolved oxygen per unit time, effectively compensating for the dissolved oxygen demand in this area and ensuring the activity of aerobic microorganisms on biofilms at different depths (especially in the deep part).

[0094] Specifically, a counterweight ball 21 is provided at the lower end of the air supply hose 22. The counterweight ball 21 is detachably installed at the lower end of the air supply hose 22 and is used to ensure the verticality of the air supply hose 22 in water by the gravity of the counterweight ball 21.

[0095] The construction and usage principles of the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment described in this invention include:

[0096] 1: Onshore prefabrication and microbial domestication;

[0097] 1.1: Onshore prefabrication and microbial domestication;

[0098] Carrier pre-inoculation: Lightweight mobile biofilm packing material 28 is placed in a culture tank simulating the target water body, and highly efficient denitrifying bacteria are inoculated. After acclimatization for 2-4 weeks, an active biofilm is formed. The acclimatized packing material 28 is then filled into the protective net 27 to form a protective net-biofilm carrier packing material particle carrier 24.

[0099] Assemble the bio-rope unit: Fix the protective net carrier 24 evenly on the bio-rope 23, and composite the surface of the bio-rope 23 with an ultrafiltration membrane (pore size 0.001~0.02μm); connect the upper end of the bio-rope 23 to the adsorption valve 14 to form a suspended carrier unit.

[0100] Integrated floating island platform: The planting space of the floating island platform frame 5 is filled with substrate and aquatic plants are planted; and an adsorption valve 14 is fixed at the bottom of the floating island platform frame 5 to suspend the biofilm carrier system 2 (including bio-rope 23 and carrier 24).

[0101] 1.2: Installation and anchoring on water;

[0102] Positioning and Anchoring: Tow the floating platform 1 to the target water area and connect it to the underwater anchor block via the elastic ropes of the anchoring system 3, allowing for fluctuations of ±1m in water level. Adjust the tension of the anchoring chain 19 to ensure that the floating platform 1 is partially fixed at the designed position.

[0103] 1.3: Deployment of the aeration system;

[0104] Install a counterweight ball 21 at the end of the gas delivery hose 22 to ensure that the hose sinks vertically to the bottom of the carrier area; install the solar panel 8 facing south on the top of the protective box 10 and connect the blower 25 and the gas collection pipe 11.

[0105] 2: Operating Principles and Workflow

[0106] 2.1: Start-up and Material Cycle;

[0107] Solar-powered aeration and oxygen supply: Solar panel 8 drives blower 25, and air is released through exhaust micro-holes 18 at the end of air delivery hose 22.

[0108] Bubble pathway: It runs from bottom to top through the biofilm carrier region, providing dissolved oxygen (DO > 3 mg / L) and driving aerobic reactions.

[0109] Pollutant classification and treatment;

[0110] Macromolecule retention: Bacteria and proteins in the water are retained by the ultrafiltration membrane on the surface of Biorode 23.

[0111] Biofilm degradation: Dissolved organic matter (BOD / COD) is oxidized and decomposed by microorganisms on carrier 24; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) is nitrified into nitrate (NO3-N). - ).

[0112] Nutrient transport: Small molecule nutrients (NO3) - PO4 3- The contents are transmitted to the adsorption valve 14 via the capillary action of the biological rope 23.

[0113] Plant-based synergistic purification;

[0114] The adsorption valve 14 transports nutrients to the floating island planting area for absorption by plant roots, thus completing nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

[0115] 2.2: Anti-clogging and hybrid enhancement;

[0116] Dynamic anti-clogging: The aeration bubbles disturb the lightweight packing material 28, causing it to tumble within the protective net 27 and peel off the aging biofilm; the rising water flow washes the surface of the carrier, reducing clogging.

[0117] Oxygen balance distribution: The micropore density of the air delivery hose 22 increases with water depth (number of end pores + 30%), compensating for oxygen deficiency in deep water areas.

[0118] 2.3: Seasonal maintenance;

[0119] Plant management: Harvest the above-ground parts of the plant once a month during the growing season to remove accumulated nutrients.

[0120] Carrier maintenance: Check the permeability of the bio-rope 23 ultrafiltration membrane quarterly and backwash with a high-pressure water gun; replace 30% of the packing material 28 every six months and replenish active microorganisms.

[0121] Winter protection: In cold regions, remove solar panels 8 and blowers 25, and tow the floating island to the shore and cover it with a membrane for insulation.

[0122] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with a biofilm device for wastewater treatment, characterized in that, include: The floating island platform (1), as a carrier platform, includes a floating island platform frame (5), and a plant planting space is formed within the floating island platform frame (5); The biofilm carrier system (2) is suspended on the lower side of the floating island platform frame (5), including an adsorption valve (14) and several suspended carrier units. The adsorption valve (14) is located on the upper side of the bottom wall of the floating island platform frame (5) and connected to the suspended carrier units. The suspended carrier units are located on the lower side of the bottom wall of the floating island platform frame (5). Anchoring system (3) is set below the floating island platform frame (5) and extends to the bottom of the water; An aeration system (4) is installed in the water below the floating island platform frame (5) and is matched with the suspended carrier unit; The suspension carrier unit includes: The bio-rope (23) passes through the through hole (13) and the adsorption valve (14) on the floating island platform frame (5) in sequence at its upper end and is connected to the adsorption valve (14). The protective net-biofilm carrier filler particle carrier (24) is evenly distributed on the bio-rope (23) and connected to the bio-rope (23); The bio-rope (23) includes: The bio-rope body (29) passes through the through hole (13) and adsorption valve (14) on the floating island platform frame (5) in sequence at its upper end, and is connected to the adsorption valve (14). It is a biocompatible matrix material component. The selective protective layer (26) is an ultrafiltration membrane disposed on the outer surface of the bio-rope body (29); The protective net-biofilm carrier filler particle carrier (24) includes: A protective net (27) is fitted over the outside of the biological rope (23) and connected to the biological rope (23), and several water-permeable holes are provided on the protective net (27); Lightweight mobile biofilm filler (28) is filled inside the protective net (27), and the particle size of the lightweight mobile biofilm filler (28) is larger than the diameter of the permeable holes.

2. The semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight mobile biofilm packing material (28) is a biofilm packing material with sufficient surface load and high activity of microbial film after inoculation and domestication culture.

3. The semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The floating island platform frame (5) is a frame-shaped platform. The plant planting space of the floating island platform frame (5) is filled with planting substrate (7). Several buoyancy units (6) are provided on the outer side of the side wall of the floating island platform frame (5).

4. The semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device for wastewater treatment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring system (3) is provided with several components on the underside of the floating island platform frame (5), including: The anchoring chain (19) is a flexible connection chain. Its upper end is provided with a screw rod that is connected to the threaded sleeve (17) located on the lower side of the floating island platform frame (5), and its lower end is connected to the anchor hook (20). Anchor hook (20) is matched with the bottom anchor point or sand layer on the lower side of the water body.

5. A semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with a biofilm device for wastewater treatment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration system (4) includes: The solar panel (8) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the upper end of the protective box (10) inside the floating island platform frame (5) and connected to the blower (25); The blower (25) is installed inside the protective box (10), and its exhaust end is connected to the air collection pipe (11) installed in the floating island platform frame (5) through the flow pump (15) and the air pipe (16). The gas delivery hose (22) is arranged in the water below the floating island platform frame (5), connected to the gas collection pipe (11), and interspersed with the suspended carrier unit.

6. A semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled with a biofilm device for wastewater treatment as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple exhaust micropores (18) are provided on the surface of the gas delivery hose (22), and the number of exhaust micropores (18) on the surface of the gas delivery hose (22) increases sequentially along the end away from the floating island platform frame (5).

7. A method of using the semi-fixed bio-floating island coupled biofilm device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: Initiation and material cycle; (1) Solar aeration and oxygen supply: The solar panel drives the blower, and the air is released through the exhaust micro-hole at the end of the air delivery hose; (2) Bubble path: It runs from bottom to top through the biofilm carrier region, providing dissolved oxygen and driving aerobic reactions; (3) Graded treatment of pollutants; Macromolecule retention: Bacteria and proteins in the water are retained by the ultrafiltration membrane on the surface of the bio-rope; Biofilm degradation: Dissolved organic matter is oxidized and decomposed by microorganisms on the carrier; ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate through nitrification; (4) Nutrient transport: Small molecule nutrients are transported to the adsorption valve via the capillary action of the biological rope; Plant-based synergistic purification; The adsorption valves transport nutrients to the floating island planting area for plant roots to absorb, thus completing nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Anti-clogging and hybrid enhancement; Dynamic anti-clogging: The aeration bubbles disturb the lightweight packing material, causing it to tumble within the protective net and peel off the aging biofilm; the rising water flow washes the surface of the carrier, reducing clogging; Oxygen balance distribution: The micropore density of the gas delivery hose increases with water depth, compensating for oxygen deficiency in deep water areas; Seasonal maintenance; Plant management: Harvest the above-ground parts of the plant once a month during the growing season to remove accumulated nutrients; Carrier maintenance: Check the permeability of the bio-rope ultrafiltration membrane quarterly and backwash with a high-pressure water gun; replace 30% of the packing material every six months and replenish active microorganisms. Winter protection: In cold regions, solar panels and blowers are removed, and floating islands are towed to the shore and covered with membranes for insulation.

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