Wind energy refrigerating system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation, operation method and application method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of a permafrost foundation, an operation method and an application method, and belongs to the technical field of permafrost protection. A plurality of sets of refrigeration equipment are arranged along the two sides of a roadbed at intervals, wind energy is captured by a wind energy capturing unit, and the refrigeration unit is driven by the wind energy; the evaporator is used for cooling the permafrost below the roadbed; during operation, the wind energy capturing unit converts wind energy into mechanical energy to drive the refrigeration unit firstly, the remaining mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy driving motor supplements and stabilizes fluctuation of the wind energy to directly drive the refrigeration unit on one hand and assists in starting the wind energy capturing unit in a breeze environment on the other hand. Wind energy is used for driving refrigeration and power generation, the motor supplements mechanical energy for the refrigeration equipment and the wind driven generator, mutual feedback utilization of the mechanical energy and electric energy is formed, the starting performance and the generating capacity of the wind energy capturing unit in the breeze environment are improved, the wind energy capturing efficiency is improved, and the continuity and the stability of the refrigeration equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of permafrost protection, and in particular relates to a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundations, an operating method and an application method. Background Art

[0002] Permafrost is a highly temperature-sensitive soil medium characterized by high temperatures, high ice content, and extreme environmental sensitivity. In the context of global warming, transportation construction in permafrost regions is extremely vulnerable. Construction projects can alter the thermal stability of permafrost, leading to melting and settlement of the ground, causing deformation and damage to upper roadbeds and bridge and culvert structures, thus impairing the safety and capacity of transportation routes. This has led to the current underdevelopment of highways on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, poor transportation capacity, and the difficulty of improving their quality and growth, resulting in a long-term capacity shortage.

[0003] To ensure the accessibility of transportation routes in permafrost areas, protecting the permafrost is a key principle, maintaining it at a low temperature to prevent warming and thawing. Currently, permafrost protection measures used on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway primarily include passive insulation measures such as sunshades and thermal berms, as well as active cooling measures such as heat rods, block stone air-cooling structures, and ventilation ducts. These existing measures offer advantages such as reasonable cost, zero energy consumption, excellent durability, and the need for frequent maintenance during operation, making them suitable for large-scale adoption. However, they suffer from uncontrollable cooling efficiency, making it difficult to cope with sudden thawing subsidence of permafrost foundations. They also struggle to meet the high-quality permafrost protection requirements of key areas such as roadbeds, transition sections, and junctions. These shortcomings have become increasingly evident during recent speed-up improvements to transportation routes. To address this, the transportation industry has begun introducing artificial refrigeration technology to force cooling of the permafrost. For example, patent application number CN201711190185.7 discloses a refrigeration device powered by electrical energy. However, due to the lack of grid power along many transportation routes, it relies on off-grid photovoltaic and wind power generation. This has the disadvantages of high energy loss and low energy utilization during the power generation process. This results in large design capacity for the power generation components, high supporting investment, a large footprint, and poor adaptability to various scenarios. Furthermore, during periods of continuous rain or snow, power outages and refrigeration system shutdowns are common. To address this, patent application number CN202411874964.9 discloses a refrigeration device powered by mechanical energy. This device directly drives the refrigeration cycle through a wind turbine that converts mechanical energy into energy, leveraging the abundant, continuous, and efficient wind energy on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, a major problem identified during application is the inherent instability of wind speeds. When wind speeds are too low, refrigeration is difficult to initiate due to the low torque and speed of the wind turbine. When wind speeds are too high, refrigeration components experience significant wear, internal pressure fluctuations are significant, and refrigeration efficiency is unstable.

[0004] In general, electric energy (photovoltaic and wind power) drives cooling, offering good cooling performance but high energy consumption, while mechanical energy (wind power) drives cooling, offering low energy consumption but less stable cooling performance. Therefore, improving the drive schemes for cooling equipment is key to advancing permafrost refrigeration technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a wind energy refrigeration system, an operation method and an application method for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations comprises a plurality of refrigeration equipment arranged at intervals along the length of the roadbed, the refrigeration equipment comprising a wind energy capture unit, an electric motor and a refrigeration unit, the wind energy capture unit being connected to the refrigeration unit for driving the refrigeration unit; the wind energy capture unit being further capable of capturing wind energy to generate electricity and provide power to the electric motor, the electric motor being used to assist in driving the refrigeration unit and assist in starting the wind energy capture unit in light winds; the evaporators of the plurality of refrigeration units being placed at intervals along the length of the roadbed within the permafrost layer of the permafrost below the roadbed.

[0007] Furthermore, the wind energy capture unit includes an impeller, a generator, a controller and a battery. The impeller includes an upright rotating shaft and multiple blades around it. The multiple blades are arranged vertically and radially evenly distributed around the rotating shaft. The blades are connected to the rotating shaft through a hub; the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to the generator through a planetary speed increase gear, and the rotor of the generator drives the refrigeration unit through a T-type angle converter; the generator is connected to the battery through a controller, and the battery is electrically connected to the electric motor.

[0008] Furthermore, the refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver drier, a throttle and an evaporator, the exhaust port of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver drier, and a fan is provided on the side of the condenser, the outlet of the liquid receiver drier is connected to the inlet of the throttle, the outlet of the throttle is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the return air port of the compressor; the compressor, evaporator, throttle, liquid receiver drier, condenser and compressor are connected in sequence through a medium delivery pipe to form a closed circulation loop, and the closed circulation loop is filled with refrigerant.

[0009] Furthermore, the compressor includes a drive shaft and a compression chamber with a piston inside, one end of the drive shaft is connected to the rotor of the generator and the output end of the motor through a T-type turner, the other end of the drive shaft is connected to the piston, and an electromagnetic clutch is provided on the drive shaft; the compression chamber is provided with a return air port and an exhaust port, the return air port is arranged at the top of the auxiliary tank connected to the side of the compression chamber and the bottom thereof, and the exhaust port is arranged at the top of the compression chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the evaporator is arranged in the buried casing, and the evaporator includes a straight section and a spiral section, and the spiral section is spirally wound outside the straight section.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to the low-speed input shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear (no figure number in the figure) through a coupling, and the high-speed output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the rotor of the generator through a coupling; the lower end of the rotor of the generator is connected to the vertical input shaft of the T-type turner through a coupling, the horizontal input shaft of the T-type turner is connected to the motor through a coupling, and the horizontal output shaft of the T-type turner is connected to the drive shaft of the compressor through a coupling.

[0012] Furthermore, the generator, controller, battery, motor, compressor, condenser, receiver-drier, and throttle are all disposed in a cabinet. The bottom of the cabinet is provided with a base, which is disposed at the bottom of the side of the roadbed. The blades are disposed on the top and outside of the cabinet. The lower end of the rotating shaft passes through the top of the cabinet and is connected to the generator. A pipe connection for cooperating with a medium delivery pipe is provided on the lower side wall of the cabinet. The evaporator is obliquely inserted into the permafrost layer of permafrost below the roadbed. The rotating shaft cooperates with the mounting hole on the top of the cabinet through the fixed shaft, and the rotating shaft rotates with the fixed shaft. A braking device and a planetary speed-increasing gear are provided between the fixed shaft and the generator. The fixed shaft is connected to the planetary speed-increasing gear through the braking device, and the planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the generator. The braking device, planetary speed-increasing gear and generator are all arranged inside the cabinet.

[0013] Furthermore, the interior of the cabinet is provided with an upper tray and a middle tray, the bottom of the cabinet is the lower tray, the condenser, liquid storage dryer, and throttle are all arranged on the lower tray, the T-shaped corner turner, compressor and motor are all arranged on the middle tray, and the compressor and motor are respectively arranged on both sides of the T-shaped corner turner; the battery and controller are both arranged on the upper tray.

[0014] The present invention also provides an operating method for a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost ground. The operating logic of the above-mentioned refrigeration equipment is as follows: First, when the battery storage capacity is greater than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery output end to start powering the motor; conversely, when the storage capacity is less than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery output end to shut down the power supply and the motor stops; when the battery storage capacity is greater than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery storage end to shut down charging; conversely, when the storage capacity is less than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery storage end to start charging, in order to prevent overcharging and over-discharging of the battery; Second, when the permafrost ground temperature falls below the cooling target, the controller activates the brakes and shuts off the generator's power to the motor. This prevents excessive operation of the refrigeration equipment and reduces wear and tear on mechanical components when the permafrost ground is thermally stable. Conversely, when the permafrost ground temperature rises above the cooling target, the controller activates the generator's output and deactivates the brakes. Third, when the battery power storage is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic clutch to open, the compressor drive shaft is in a no-load state, the refrigeration unit is shut down, and it is in a single wind power generation mode; when the battery power storage is greater than 50%, the electromagnetic clutch is engaged, the compressor drive shaft is in a load state, and it is in both wind power generation and refrigeration unit start-up mode.

[0015] The present invention also provides an application method of a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundations, wherein the application of the above-mentioned refrigeration equipment comprises the following steps: Step 1: For the permafrost protection scenario, evaluate the permafrost warming degradation. The evaluation parameters include the plane range, depth range, average temperature, and cooling load of permafrost warming degradation. The depth range of permafrost degradation includes the upper depth. H 1 and lower depth H 2. Cooling load refers to the cooling power corresponding to the permafrost foundation Q , calculated as follows: (1) Where, ρ is the density of permafrost, kg / m 3 ; c is the specific heat capacity of permafrost, J / (kg·℃); A The plane area of ​​the permafrost thermal stability maintenance area, m 2 ; is the temperature increase per unit time in the permafrost protection area, ℃ / s; h is the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of permafrost base surface, W / (m 2 ·℃); Δ T is the hourly difference between the surface temperature of permafrost base and the atmospheric temperature, °C; Step 2: Design and determine the evaporator layout parameters and refrigerant charge of the refrigeration equipment. The evaporator layout parameters include the length of the evaporator. L , layout spacing D ,quantity N ; The depth range of permafrost degradation due to warming is the length of the evaporator L ,Right now L=H 2- H 1; Number of evaporators N The calculation is as follows: (2) Where, q is the cooling power of a single set of refrigeration equipment, W; Evaporator layout spacing D The calculation is as follows: (3) Step 3: Prepare the refrigeration equipment: First, prepare the evaporator according to Step 2. Then, determine the length and diameter of the wind rotor based on the local wind energy resources and prepare the cabinet. Step 4: Install the refrigeration equipment on site: First, according to the length of the evaporator L Drill holes of the same diameter in the foundation, insert the evaporator, and then install the cabinet; Step 5: Connect and debug the refrigeration equipment: First, connect the refrigeration unit to a closed loop. Then, use a vacuum pump to evacuate the closed loop of the refrigeration unit and inject refrigerant. Finally, check that the overall operation of the refrigeration equipment is normal. Step 6: Operation of refrigeration equipment: According to the above operation logic of the refrigeration equipment, based on the battery storage capacity and the real-time status of permafrost, the refrigeration equipment is remotely controlled to enter a dynamic operation state.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advances: The present invention arranges multiple sets of refrigeration equipment at intervals along both sides of the roadbed. The refrigeration equipment uses wind energy capture units to drive the refrigeration units, or uses electric motors to drive the refrigeration units. The permafrost is cooled by inserting an evaporator under the roadbed. During operation, the wind energy capture units are used to convert wind energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy first drives the refrigeration units. At the same time, the remaining mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through a generator. The electrical energy drives the motor to supplement and smooth the volatility of the wind energy directly driving the refrigeration units on the one hand, and to assist in starting the wind energy capture units in a breeze environment on the other hand. The present invention uses wind energy to drive refrigeration and power generation. The electrical energy drives the motor to supplement the mechanical energy of the refrigeration equipment and the wind turbine, forming a mutual feedback utilization of mechanical energy and electrical energy, that is, a cascade recycling utilization of wind energy, which improves the starting performance and power generation of the wind turbine in a breeze environment, improves the wind energy capture efficiency, and improves the continuity and stability of refrigeration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0018] In the attached figure: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the application state of a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundations provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigeration device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind energy capture unit and the interior of the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the wind energy capture unit and the upper support plate in the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the rotating shaft, fixed shaft, planetary speed-increasing gear and generator in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the middle tray in the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the arrangement on the lower tray in the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigeration unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of electrical connection between the wind energy capture unit, the refrigeration unit, and the motor in an embodiment of the present invention; In the picture: 1-cabinet, 101-upper tray, 102-middle tray, 103-lower tray, 104-pipeline port; 2-fixed shaft, 201-annular outer edge, 202-bearing; 3-rotating shaft; 4-wheel hub; 5-blade; 6-brake device; 7-planetary speed increaser gear, 701-low-speed input shaft, 702-high-speed output shaft; 8-coupling; 9-generator, 901-stator, 902-rotor, 903-shaft structure; 10-battery; 11-controller; 12-T type Angle meter, 1201-vertical input shaft, 1202-horizontal input shaft, 1203-horizontal output shaft; 13-compressor, 1301-electromagnetic clutch, 1302-drive shaft, 1303-return air port, 1304-exhaust port; 14-condenser; 15-fan; 16-liquid storage dryer; 17-throttle; 18-evaporator; 19-motor; 20-buried casing; 21-roadbed; 22-permafrost, 2201-active layer, 2202-permafrost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability in permafrost ground. The system comprises multiple sets of refrigeration equipment spaced apart along the length of the roadbed. The refrigeration equipment includes a wind energy capture unit, a motor 19, and a refrigeration unit. The wind energy capture unit is connected to the refrigeration unit to drive the refrigeration unit. The wind energy capture unit can also capture wind energy to generate electricity and provide power to the motor 19, which is used to assist in driving the refrigeration unit and assist in activating the wind energy capture unit during light breezes. The evaporators 18 of the multiple refrigeration units are spaced apart along the length of the roadbed 21 within the permafrost layer 2202 of the permafrost 22 beneath the roadbed 21 to cool the permafrost. The wind energy capture units capture wind energy and convert it into mechanical energy, which first drives the refrigeration units. The remaining mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the wind energy capture unit's generator 9. The electrical energy drives the motor 19, which not only smooths out the fluctuations of wind energy directly driving the refrigeration unit but also assists in activating the wind energy capture unit during light breezes. This solution achieves cascade recycling of wind energy through the mutual feedback of mechanical energy and electrical energy, improves the starting performance and power generation of generators in breeze environments, improves wind energy capture efficiency, and enhances cooling continuity and stability.

[0021] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 、 4, 5, the wind energy capture unit includes an impeller, a generator 9, a controller 11 and a battery 10, the impeller includes an upright rotating shaft 3 and a plurality of blades 5 around it, the plurality of blades 5 are arranged vertically and radially evenly distributed around the rotating shaft 3, the blades 5 are connected to the rotating shaft 3 through a hub 4; the lower end of the rotating shaft 3 is connected to the generator 9 through a planetary speed increase gear 7, and the rotor 902 of the generator 9 drives the refrigeration unit through a T-type angle device 12; the generator 9 is connected to the battery 10 through the controller 11, and the battery 10 is electrically connected to the motor 19, as shown Figure 10 As shown. In this embodiment, there are five blades, equidistantly distributed around the rotating shaft. The wind energy capture unit is a vertical-axis wind turbine, which can leverage the characteristics of vertical-axis wind turbines, such as strong wind direction adaptability, compact structure, and low noise, to improve wind energy capture efficiency.

[0022] When making specific Figure 6 As shown, the lower end of the rotating shaft 3 is connected to the low-speed input shaft 701 of the planetary speed-increasing gear 7 via a coupling 8. The high-speed output shaft 702 of the planetary speed-increasing gear 7 is connected to the rotor 902 of the generator 9 via a coupling 8. The lower end of the rotor 902 of the generator 9 is connected to the vertical input shaft 1201 of the T-rotor 12 via a coupling 8. The horizontal input shaft 1202 of the T-rotor 12 is connected to the motor 19 via a coupling 8. The horizontal output shaft of the T-rotor 12 is connected to the drive shaft 1302 of the compressor 13 via a coupling 8. The stator 901 of the generator 9 is fixed to the lower end of the high-speed output shaft 702 via a coupling 8. The planetary speed-increasing gear is used to increase the speed to match the drive requirements of the generator and the refrigeration unit. The speed-increasing ratio is preferably 1:10.

[0023] The rotor design parameters are designed based on the relationship between rotor speed / torque and wind speed, predicated on meeting the speed and torque requirements of the refrigeration compressor drive shaft. The calculation method follows the relevant requirements of the national standard "Wind Turbine Rotor Blades" (GB / T25383-2010). The wind speed at the application location is queried, tested, and corrected according to the relevant provisions of the national standard "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications, Wind Direction and Speed" (GBT 35227-2017). This will not be repeated here. The rotor design parameters include length and diameter, and the specific design is as follows: (1) When located in a Class I wind energy resource area (the annual average effective wind energy density exceeds 200W / ㎡, and the annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s exceeds 5000 hours), the wind rotor length is 1.6m and the diameter is 0.9m; (2) When located in a Class II wind energy resource area (the annual average effective wind energy density is between 150W / ㎡ and 200W / ㎡, and the annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s is between 3000 and 5000 hours), the wind rotor length is 1.6m and the diameter is 1.2 m; (3) When located in a Class III wind energy resource area (the annual average effective wind energy density is between 50W / ㎡ and 150W / ㎡, and the annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s is between 2000 and 3000 hours), the length of the wind rotor shall be 1.8m and the diameter shall be 0.9m; (4) When located in a Class IV wind energy resource area (the annual average effective wind energy density is less than 50W / ㎡, and the annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s is less than 2000 hours), the length of the wind rotor shall be 1.8m and the diameter shall be 1.2m.

[0024] As a preferred structure, Figure 4 As shown, the generator 9, controller 11, battery 10, motor 19, compressor 13, condenser 14, liquid receiver dryer 16 and throttle 17 are all arranged in the cabinet 1. The bottom of the cabinet 1 is provided with a base, and the base is arranged at the bottom of the side of the roadbed 21; the blade 5 is arranged on the top outside of the cabinet 1, and the lower end of the shaft 3 passes through the top of the cabinet 1 and is connected to the generator 9. The lower side wall of the cabinet 1 is provided with a pipe port 104 that cooperates with the medium delivery pipe; the evaporator 18 is inserted into the permafrost 2 below the roadbed 21. 2 in the permafrost 2202, the arrangement angle of the evaporator 18 can be adjusted to horizontal, inclined or vertical according to the requirements of permafrost protection; the rotating shaft 3 is matched with the mounting hole on the top of the cabinet 1 through the fixed shaft 2, and the rotating shaft 3 is rotated with the fixed shaft 2. A braking device 6 and a planetary speed increaser gear 7 are provided between the fixed shaft 2 and the generator 9. The fixed shaft 2 is connected to the planetary speed increaser gear 7 through the braking device 6, and the planetary speed increaser gear 7 is connected to the generator 9. The braking device 6, the planetary speed increaser gear 7 and the generator 9 are all arranged inside the cabinet 1.

[0025] The cabinet is designed to provide protection. Its concrete base rests on the foundation, supporting the cabinet and maintaining stability and levelness. The dimensions are height x length x width = 100cm x 60cm x 50cm. The heights of the upper, middle, and lower tiers are 40cm, 40cm, and 40cm, respectively.

[0026] like Figure 6As shown, the fixed shaft 2 is a hollow tube with an inner diameter of 40mm and a height of 20cm. Bearings 202 are installed in the inner holes at both ends of the fixed shaft 2. The rotating shaft 3 rotatably engages with the upper and lower bearings 202. The outer and inner diameters of the bearings are 40mm and 20mm, respectively. A protruding annular edge 201 with a width of 30mm is provided at the lower end of the fixed shaft 2 to secure the fixed shaft to the top of the chassis. The upper end of the annular edge 201 extends to the outside of the top of the cabinet 1. The rotating shaft 3 has an outer diameter of 20mm and is axially divided into an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion is located outside the cabinet 1 and is 70cm high. The lower portion is located inside the cabinet 1 and extends 5cm.

[0027] In addition, the braking device 6 employs an electromagnetic brake, installed inside the top of the cabinet 1, surrounding the lower portion of the rotating shaft 3. This serves to lock and protect the wind energy capture unit during downtime maintenance. The shafting structure 903 of the generator 9 is fixed to the upper support plate 101 of the cabinet. The stator 901 is secured within the shafting structure 903, and the rotor 902 is secured to the center of the high-speed output shaft 702 of the planetary speed-increasing gear 7. Preferably, the generator 9 has a power output of 800W and a DC voltage of 24V.

[0028] The battery 10 uses a low-temperature-resistant gel battery. In this embodiment, two 12V 50A·h batteries are selected. The controller 11 has the following functions: first, it prevents overcharging or over-discharging of the battery 10, thereby extending its service life; second, it supplies power to the electromagnetic clutch and motor 19 of the refrigeration unit, ensuring a stable output voltage (DC 24V); and third, it dynamically controls the output power supply based on the preset power supply mode, permafrost cooling requirements, or battery status.

[0029] The function of the T-type angler 12 is to convert the rotational mechanical energy of the vertical input shaft 1201 into the rotational mechanical energy of the horizontal output shaft 1203 with a transmission ratio of 1:2; and to transmit the rotational mechanical energy of the horizontal input shaft with a transmission ratio of 1:1.

[0030] The wind energy capture unit operates as follows: The impeller blades capture natural wind energy, driving the shaft to rotate, thereby converting the wind energy into mechanical energy. This rotation also drives the rotor of the generator, cutting through the stator's magnetic field lines, generating electricity that is stored in a battery. Furthermore, the rotor's mechanical energy is further converted through a T-rotor into mechanical energy for its horizontal output shaft, which drives the refrigeration unit. This design has the beneficial effect of improving the efficiency of mechanical energy utilization.

[0031] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 9As shown, the refrigeration unit includes a compressor 13, a condenser 14, a liquid receiver drier 16, a throttle 17 and an evaporator 18. The exhaust port 1304 of the compressor 13 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 14, the outlet of the condenser 14 is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver drier 16, and a fan 15 is provided on the side of the condenser 14. The outlet of the liquid receiver drier 16 is connected to the inlet of the throttle 17, the outlet of the throttle 17 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 18, and the outlet of the evaporator 18 is connected to the return air port 1303 of the compressor 13; the compressor 13, evaporator 18, throttle 17, liquid receiver drier 16, condenser 14 and compressor 13 are connected in sequence through a medium delivery pipe to form a closed circulation loop, and the closed circulation loop is filled with refrigerant.

[0032] As a preferred structure, Figure 7 As shown, the compressor 13 includes a drive shaft 1302 and a compression chamber with a piston inside. One end of the drive shaft 1302 is connected to the horizontal output shaft 1203 of the T-rotator 12, and the other end is connected to the piston. An electromagnetic clutch 1301 is installed on the drive shaft 1302. The compression chamber is provided with a return port 1303 and an exhaust port 1304. The return port 1303 is located at the top of the auxiliary tank, connected to the side of the compression chamber and the bottom of the chamber, while the exhaust port 1304 is located at the top of the compression chamber. The compressor is a mechanical compressor and serves as the driving source of the refrigeration unit. Its function is to drive the reciprocating motion of the piston in the compression chamber through the rotation of the drive shaft. By changing the internal pressure of the compression chamber, the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator is drawn in through the return port, compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure gas, and discharged to the condenser through the exhaust port. The electromagnetic clutch on the drive shaft operates with a DC 24V power supply and connects or disconnects the power transmission path between the compression chamber and the drive shaft.

[0033] In the specific design, the rated input power of compressor 13 ranges from 300-600W, and the rated speed ranges from 600-3000 rpm. The refrigerant type is R134a, the cooling coefficient ranges from 1.2-1.7, and the rated cooling power ranges from 400-800W. The cooling power is positively correlated with the drive shaft speed. The condenser is an air-cooled fin-tube condenser with a cubic shape. Its function is to cool the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the compressor to form liquid refrigerant. Preferably, the condenser dimensions are height × length × width = 35cm × 35cm × 10cm, and the rated heat rejection power is 1000W.

[0034] The liquid storage drier 16 is a metal drying bottle with a liquid refrigerant storage capacity of 600g. Its function is to store the liquid refrigerant from the condenser and automatically adjust the discharge volume according to the inlet and outlet pressure difference.

[0035] The restrictor 17 is a capillary copper tube with an outer diameter of 1.8 mm, a wall thickness of 0.5 mm, and an inner diameter of 0.8 mm. It is 1.5 m long and coiled into a spiral column. Its function is to control the flow of liquid refrigerant from the receiver-drier and reduce its pressure, converting the liquid refrigerant into a gas-liquid mixture. The medium delivery pipe is a copper tube with an outer diameter of 8 mm, a wall thickness of 1 mm, and an inner diameter of 6 mm to reduce the resistance along the refrigerant flow.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figure 9, the evaporator 18 is arranged in the buried casing 20. The evaporator 18 includes a straight section and a spiral section, and the spiral section is spirally coiled on the outside of the straight section. The function of the evaporator is to make the gas-liquid mixed refrigerant from the throttle absorb heat and vaporize to produce a refrigeration effect. In this embodiment, the evaporator 18 is made of a copper tube with a diameter of 6mm, a wall thickness of 0.6mm, an inner diameter of 4.8mm, and a length between 20-50m. The specific length is determined according to the spatial range of permafrost protection; the diameter of the spiral section is 75mm and the pitch is 5-15cm, which is convenient to prepare and easy to be implanted into the permafrost layer by drilling on site. When the length of the evaporator copper tube is 20m, the refrigerant filling amount is selected to be 300g, and then adjusted according to the ratio of refrigerant mass to copper tube length of 10g / 1m. When the evaporator copper tube is 50m, the refrigerant filling amount is 600g. The burying scheme of the evaporator is as follows: Evaporators are drilled into the permafrost layer, based on the depth and range of permafrost degradation and thawing. Evaporator lengths are determined based on the permafrost protection depth range, ranging from a few meters to more than ten meters, and can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch and diameter. Each evaporator has an effective cooling range of 3.0 meters. For larger permafrost areas, multiple evaporators are deployed in an array at regular intervals, with a maximum spacing of 6.0 meters between adjacent evaporators.

[0037] The selection scheme of the motor is: The motor is a brushless DC motor with a speed range of 600-3000 rpm. It is powered by the wind energy capture unit's controller. Preferably, the motor has a rated power consumption of 120W and includes a stepless speed change function, automatically matching the torque and speed for a fixed input power. It also has a high-speed self-protection function, with a critical protection speed of 3000 rpm.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 、 5As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the interior of the cabinet 1 is provided with an upper tray 101 and a middle tray 102, the bottom of the cabinet 1 is a lower tray 103, the condenser 14, the fan 15, the liquid storage dryer 16, and the throttle 17 are all arranged on the lower tray 103, the T-type turner 12, the compressor 13 and the motor 19 are all arranged on the middle tray 102, and the compressor 13 and the motor 19 are respectively arranged on both sides of the T-type turner 12, constituting a dual-drive scheme in which the compressor is composed of wind mechanical energy and motor mechanical energy; the generator 9, the battery 10 and the controller 11 are all arranged on the upper tray 101.

[0039] Except for the cabinet, fixed shaft, and rotating shaft, which need to be customized, all other components of the above refrigeration equipment are commercial products in the industrial field, which are easy to purchase, low in cost, high in efficiency, reliable in performance, and easy for large-scale production. The assembly plan of the refrigeration equipment is as follows: Step 1: Prepare the cabinet, fixed shaft and rotating shaft, and purchase the required parts according to the design specifications.

[0040] Step 2: Following the aforementioned component layout, securely install the fixed shaft, rotating shaft, hub, and rotor blades on the outside of the cabinet top. Inside the cabinet top, connect the bottom end of the rotating shaft to the input shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear using a coupling. Install the generator stator on the lower outer edge of the fixed shaft, and install the brake device and generator rotor on the output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear.

[0041] Step 3. Remove the various pallets inside the cabinet. Install the controller on the left side of the upper pallet, the generator's shaft structure in the middle, and the battery on the right. Install the motor on the left side of the middle pallet, the T-turner in the middle, and the compressor on the right. Connect the motor's output shaft to the horizontal input shaft of the T-turner through a coupling, and connect the horizontal output shaft of the T-turner to the drive shaft of the compressor. Install the throttle, liquid storage dryer, and condenser on the lower pallet from left to right, and connect the condenser outlet to the liquid storage dryer inlet by welding, and connect the liquid storage dryer outlet to the throttle inlet to ensure a stable connection. After installation, insert the various pallets into the guide grooves on the inner wall of the cabinet and secure them.

[0042] Step 4: Electrically connect the various electrical components within the cabinet. Connect the wind energy capture unit's generator to the controller's input, the controller's energy storage terminal to the battery, and the controller's output to the brake, motor, fan, and compressor's electromagnetic clutch.

[0043] Step 5: Mechanical connection of the mechanical moving parts inside the cabinet. Connect the bottom end of the output shaft of the planetary speed increaser to the top end of the generator rotor through a coupling, and connect the bottom end of the generator rotor to the vertical input shaft of the T-type angler.

[0044] Step 6: Connect the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration unit inside the cabinet. Use a threaded connector to connect the compressor's compression chamber exhaust port to the condenser's inlet for ease of operation and subsequent maintenance.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the component arrangement and assembly scheme of the above-mentioned refrigeration equipment are: First, the upper, middle and lower pallets inside the cabinet mainly play the role of electrical energy conversion and storage, refrigeration power, heat energy conversion and cold output respectively. The functional division of each layer is clear, and the equipment structure is simple and orderly. Second, the pallets on each layer are installed in a modular manner. After the components on the pallet are installed, they are pushed into the cabinet and fixed, which is convenient for large-scale production. Third, the models of the refrigeration unit and the generator unit in the equipment are clear, and the wind energy capture unit is selected in a graded manner according to the distribution conditions of wind energy resources in the location, and a specific selection scheme is given. In actual applications, the number of equipment is designed according to the warming conditions of permafrost, and the scene adaptability is strong. Fourth, the equipment is manufactured and installed in a modular manner, and the pallets are supported by guide rails, which makes equipment maintenance and upgrading convenient.

[0046] Currently, the main technical challenges facing conventional wind turbines and refrigeration compressors are: in light breezes and low wind speeds, the rotor blades drive the shaft at a low speed. Wind turbines have a speed threshold for starting power generation (600 rpm), while refrigeration compressors have a speed threshold for starting cooling. This corresponds to a wind speed of 3-5 m / s. Furthermore, they must reach their rated speeds before they can fully generate power (1500-2000 rpm) and cool (2000-3000 rpm). Further increases in wind speed can lead to excessive speed, excessive wear and damage to the generator and compressor. This rated speed typically corresponds to a wind speed of 12-15 m / s. Therefore, both wind turbines and refrigeration compressors require a reasonable wind speed range. However, wind speeds fluctuate in nature, with frequent changes in direction and unpredictable onset and cessation. Consequently, the operating efficiency of both wind turbines and refrigeration compressors is highly random, difficult to control, and unstable.

[0047] The refrigeration equipment provided by the present invention uses mechanical energy converted from wind energy as the main driving source and electrical energy converted from a wind turbine as the auxiliary driving source, that is, "wind energy-mechanical energy" is the main path for wind energy utilization, and "wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy" is the auxiliary path.

[0048] The benefits of using "wind energy to mechanical energy" as the primary wind energy utilization pathway include: compared to conventional wind power generation systems, it reduces losses in the multi-step energy conversion process and improves wind energy utilization. Compared to conventional wind power generation systems driving electric refrigeration compressors, this approach can reduce the size and number of wind-capturing components, such as rotor blades. This not only allows for adaptability to confined spaces along traffic lines, but also helps reduce equipment investment and costs, improving the practicality and adaptability of permafrost protection technology.

[0049] The beneficial effects of using "wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy" as the auxiliary path for wind energy utilization are: First, while the impeller blades drive the shaft to rotate and drive the refrigeration compressor, the mechanical energy contained in the inertial rotation of the shaft can be collected and converted into electrical energy through the generator, thereby improving the utilization rate of wind energy. Second, the electrical energy of the generator is stored in the battery to drive the electric motor. When the motor is running, the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy and transmitted to the compressor through the T-type angle gear, forming a supplement to the mechanical energy of the compressor drive shaft, which is conducive to balancing the fluctuations caused by the instability of natural wind speed, playing a "valley filling" role, and improving the stability and continuity of wind energy utilization. Third, mechanical transmission components such as planetary speed increase gears and T-type angle gears all have forward and reverse bidirectional transmission functions. While the motor is running, it also helps to maintain the speed and torque level of the shaft. Conventional wind turbines are typically equipped with auxiliary starting mechanisms, which, driven by an additional power source, provide the necessary initial power to assist in starting the wind turbine in low wind speeds. The present invention's "wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy" auxiliary path fulfills this auxiliary starting function in light wind environments, thereby improving the wind turbine's starting performance and power generation efficiency in light and low wind speed conditions. Fourthly, the generator output shaft, compressor drive shaft, and rotor shaft (planetary speed-increasing gear) are linked by a T-type angler, creating a mutually driven and mutually constrained relationship. Consequently, in high wind speeds, the motor's automatic speed limiter function can be used to synchronously limit the speed of the rotor shaft and compressor drive shaft, preventing high-speed wear and damage to components, thus achieving a "peak shaving" effect and improving the safety of wind energy utilization. In short, the addition of this auxiliary path creates a closed-loop energy-feedback model, utilizing mechanical energy as the primary energy source and electrical energy as the secondary energy source. This improves the wind energy utilization efficiency, cooling efficiency, stability, continuity, and safety of wind-powered refrigeration equipment.

[0050] The present invention also provides an operating method for a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability in permafrost ground. The control logic is: Improving the operational continuity of the refrigeration unit is the primary goal, and increasing the battery life is a secondary goal. The controller of the wind energy capture unit uses permafrost temperature and battery capacity as control indicators. The specific operating logic is as follows: First, when the battery storage capacity is greater than 20%, the controller adjusts the output end of the battery to start powering on and the motor runs; conversely, when the storage capacity is less than 20%, the controller adjusts the output end of the battery to shut down powering on and the motor stops; when the battery storage capacity is greater than 95%, the controller adjusts the energy storage end of the battery to shut down charging; conversely, when the storage capacity is less than 95%, the controller adjusts the energy storage end of the battery to start charging; the purpose is to prevent overcharging and over-discharging of the battery.

[0051] Second, when the permafrost foundation temperature falls below the cooling target (the temperature requirement for low-temperature stable permafrost is below -2.5°C), the controller adjusts the brake device to open and then shuts off the generator’s power supply to the motor. This prevents excessive operation of the refrigeration equipment and reduces wear on mechanical components when the permafrost is thermally stable. Conversely, when the permafrost temperature rises above the cooling target, the controller adjusts the generator’s output to open the power supply to the motor and shuts off the brake device.

[0052] Third, when the battery power reserve is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic clutch to open, the compressor drive shaft is in a no-load state, the refrigeration unit is shut down, and it is in a single wind power generation mode; when the battery power reserve is greater than 50%, the electromagnetic clutch is engaged, the compressor drive shaft is in a loaded state, and it is in both wind power generation and refrigeration unit startup mode. The purpose is to target the fluctuating characteristics of wind energy and prevent the refrigeration unit compressor from idling when the speed and torque of the "wind energy-mechanical energy" path alone are insufficient, resulting in substandard refrigeration temperature and refrigeration efficiency, and ineffective energy consumption. By combining electrical energy and mechanical energy, the effective operating time of the refrigeration unit can be indirectly increased in an intermittent operation mode.

[0053] The three control logics above, with decreasing priority from first to third, have the beneficial effect of balancing permafrost protection goals with refrigeration equipment operational performance, including battery overcharge and over-discharge protection, refrigeration equipment shutdown protection, and refrigeration unit operating status continuity protection.

[0054] The present invention also provides an application method of a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundations, wherein the application of the above-mentioned refrigeration equipment comprises the following steps: The first step is to evaluate the permafrost warming and degradation by combining temperature measurement with geological radar for permafrost protection scenarios. The evaluation parameters include the plane range, depth range, average temperature, and cooling load of permafrost warming and degradation. The depth range of permafrost degradation includes the upper depth. H 1 and lower depth H 2. Cooling load refers to the cooling power corresponding to the permafrost foundation Q , calculated as follows: (1) Where, ρ is the density of permafrost, kg / m 3 ; c is the specific heat capacity of permafrost, J / (kg·℃); A The plane area of ​​the permafrost thermal stability maintenance area, m 2 ; is the temperature increase per unit time in the permafrost protection area, ℃ / s; h is the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of permafrost base surface, W / (m 2 ·℃); Δ T is the hourly difference between the surface temperature of permafrost base and the atmospheric temperature, ℃.

[0055] Step 2: Design and determine the evaporator layout parameters and refrigerant charge of the refrigeration equipment. The evaporator layout parameters include the length of the evaporator. L , layout spacing D ,quantity N .

[0056] The depth range of permafrost degradation due to warming is the length of the evaporator L ,Right now L=H 2- H 1. The coil length is determined by a diameter of 75mm and a pitch of 10cm. The refrigerant charge is calculated based on the above recommendations and the evaporator coil length. Number of evaporators N The calculation is as follows: (2) Where, q It is the cooling power of a single set of refrigeration equipment, W; the rated cooling power is 400-800W, which is determined based on the local wind field conditions.

[0057] Evaporator layout spacing D The calculation is as follows: (3) Step 3: Prepare the refrigeration equipment. First, prepare the evaporators of the designed specifications and quantity according to the evaporator layout parameters determined in step 2. Then, according to the local wind energy resource conditions and the wind wheel selection recommendations of the wind energy capture unit, determine the length and diameter of the wind wheel and prepare N Set of refrigeration cabinets.

[0058] Step 4: Install the refrigeration equipment on site; first, according to the evaporator length L 75mm (recommended), drill a hole, and then install the evaporator. Use an end cap to protect the top of the evaporator to prevent damage. Then, level the ground near the evaporator and install the cabinet base and chassis, ensuring the base is stable and level.

[0059] Step 5: Connect and debug the refrigeration equipment. First, connect the throttle outlet to the evaporator inlet and the compressor return air port to the evaporator outlet using threaded connectors, thereby connecting the components of the refrigeration unit into a closed loop. Next, install a check valve in the pipe between the compressor return air port and the evaporator outlet. Connect a vacuum pump through the check valve to evacuate the closed loop of the refrigeration unit and refill it with the refrigerant mass determined in Step 3. Finally, use the controller to verify that the overall equipment is operating normally.

[0060] Step 6: Operation of the refrigeration equipment: According to the aforementioned control logic of the refrigeration equipment, based on the battery storage capacity and the real-time status of the permafrost, the refrigeration equipment is remotely controlled to enter a dynamic operation state.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an equipment solution that can make full use of wind energy to drive the refrigeration cycle. At the same time, in view of the characteristics of wind speed fluctuation, strong randomness, and unstable wind energy-mechanical energy output, a wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy cycle mutual feedback energy utilization solution is provided. Through the electrical control method of the controller combined with the motor, brake device, and electromagnetic clutch, a three-layer control logic is constructed to prevent overcharging and over-discharging of the battery, excessive operation of the refrigeration equipment, and idling of the refrigeration compressor. A reasonable intermittent or alternating operation organization mode between the wind energy capture unit, the refrigeration unit, and the motor is proposed. The cooling output density is increased through the complementarity of mechanical energy and wind energy, and the continuity of the stable operation of the refrigeration equipment is improved, thereby significantly increasing the effective refrigeration time and improving the long-term service life of the equipment. The refrigeration system of the present invention has the technical effects of high wind energy utilization, long effective refrigeration cumulative time, and strong adaptability to wind field fluctuation conditions, thereby achieving the dual goals of permafrost protection and energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundations, characterized by: It includes multiple sets of refrigeration equipment arranged at intervals along the length direction of the roadbed, and the refrigeration equipment includes a wind energy capture unit, an electric motor and a refrigeration unit. The wind energy capture unit is connected to the refrigeration unit and is used to drive the refrigeration unit; the wind energy capture unit can also capture wind energy to generate electricity and provide power to the electric motor, and the electric motor is used to assist in driving the refrigeration unit and assist in starting the wind energy capture unit in a breeze; the evaporators of the multiple sets of refrigeration units are placed at intervals along the length direction of the roadbed in the permafrost layer of the permafrost below the roadbed.

2. A wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind energy capture unit includes an impeller, a generator, a controller and a battery. The impeller includes an upright rotating shaft and multiple blades around it. The multiple blades are arranged vertically and radially evenly distributed around the rotating shaft. The blades are connected to the rotating shaft through a hub; the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to the generator through a planetary speed increase gear, and the rotor of the generator drives the refrigeration unit through a T-type angle converter; the generator is connected to the battery through a controller, and the battery is electrically connected to the electric motor.

3. The wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver drier, a throttle and an evaporator. The exhaust port of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver drier, and a fan is provided on the side of the condenser. The outlet of the liquid receiver drier is connected to the inlet of the throttle, the outlet of the throttle is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the return air port of the compressor; the compressor, evaporator, throttle, liquid receiver drier, condenser and compressor are connected in sequence through a medium delivery pipe to form a closed circulation loop, and the closed circulation loop is filled with refrigerant.

4. The wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The compressor includes a drive shaft and a compression chamber with a piston inside. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the rotor of the generator and the output end of the motor through a T-type angle encoder, and the other end of the drive shaft is connected to the piston. An electromagnetic clutch is provided on the drive shaft; an air return port and an exhaust port are provided on the compression chamber. The air return port is arranged at the top of the auxiliary tank connected to the bottom of the compression chamber on the side of the compression chamber, and the exhaust port is arranged at the top of the compression chamber.

5. The wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The evaporator is arranged in the buried casing, and comprises a straight section and a spiral section, wherein the spiral section is spirally wound outside the straight section.

6. The wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to the low-speed input shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear through a coupling, and the high-speed output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the rotor of the generator through a coupling; the lower end of the rotor of the generator is connected to the vertical input shaft of the T-type turner through a coupling, the horizontal input shaft of the T-type turner is connected to the motor through a coupling, and the horizontal output shaft of the T-type turner is connected to the drive shaft of the compressor through a coupling.

7. The wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The generator, controller, battery, motor, compressor, condenser, receiver-drier, and throttle are all disposed in a cabinet. A base is provided at the bottom of the cabinet, and the base is disposed at the bottom of the side of the roadbed. The blades are disposed on the outside of the top of the cabinet. The lower end of the rotating shaft passes through the top of the cabinet and is connected to the generator. A pipe port for cooperating with a medium delivery pipe is provided on the lower side wall of the cabinet. The evaporator is obliquely inserted into the permafrost layer of permafrost below the roadbed. The rotating shaft cooperates with the mounting hole on the top of the cabinet through the fixed shaft, and the rotating shaft rotates with the fixed shaft. A braking device and a planetary speed-increasing gear are provided between the fixed shaft and the generator. The fixed shaft is connected to the planetary speed-increasing gear through the braking device, and the planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the generator. The braking device, planetary speed-increasing gear and generator are all arranged inside the cabinet.

8. The wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The interior of the cabinet is provided with an upper tray and a middle tray. The bottom of the cabinet is the lower tray. The condenser, liquid storage dryer and throttle are all arranged on the lower tray. The T-shaped corner turner, compressor and motor are all arranged on the middle tray, and the compressor and motor are respectively arranged on both sides of the T-shaped corner turner; the battery and controller are both arranged on the upper tray.

9. A method for operating a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundations, characterized in that: The operating logic of the refrigeration equipment according to claim 7 is as follows: First, when the battery storage capacity is greater than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery output end to start powering the motor; conversely, when the storage capacity is less than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery output end to shut down the power supply and the motor stops; when the battery storage capacity is greater than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery storage end to shut down charging; conversely, when the storage capacity is less than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery storage end to start charging; Second, when the permafrost ground temperature is lower than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the brake device to open and then shuts off the generator's power supply to the motor. Conversely, when the permafrost ground temperature is higher than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the generator's output end to open the power supply and shuts off the brake device. Third, when the battery power storage is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic clutch to open, the compressor drive shaft is in a no-load state, the refrigeration unit is shut down, and it is in a single wind power generation mode; when the battery power storage is greater than 50%, the electromagnetic clutch is engaged, the compressor drive shaft is in a load state, and it is in both wind power generation and refrigeration unit start-up mode.

10. An application method of a wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation, characterized in that: The use of the refrigeration equipment according to claim 7 comprises the following steps: Step 1: For the permafrost protection scenario, evaluate the permafrost warming degradation. The evaluation parameters include the plane range, depth range, average temperature, and cooling load of permafrost warming degradation. The depth range of permafrost degradation includes the upper depth. H 1 and lower depth H 2. Cooling load refers to the cooling power corresponding to the permafrost foundation Q , calculated as follows: （1） Where, ρ is the density of permafrost, kg / m 3 ; c is the specific heat capacity of permafrost, J / (kg·℃); A The plane area of ​​the permafrost thermal stability maintenance area, m 2 ; is the temperature increase per unit time in the permafrost protection area, ℃ / s; h is the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of permafrost base surface, W / (m 2 ·℃); Δ T is the hourly difference between the surface temperature of permafrost base and the atmospheric temperature, °C; Step 2: Design and determine the evaporator layout parameters and refrigerant charge of the refrigeration equipment. The evaporator layout parameters include the length of the evaporator. L , layout spacing D ,quantity N ; The depth range of permafrost degradation due to warming is the length of the evaporator L ,Right now L=H 2- H 1; Number of evaporators N The calculation is as follows: （2） Where, q is the cooling power of a single set of refrigeration equipment, W; Evaporator layout spacing D The calculation is as follows: （3） Step 3: Prepare refrigeration equipment; Step 4: Install refrigeration equipment on site; Step 5: Connect and debug the refrigeration equipment; Step 6: Operation of refrigeration equipment.

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