Novel combined template

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of formworks, and discloses a novel combined formwork which comprises a corrugated aluminum alloy base plate and a modified polypropylene composite panel wrapping the corrugated aluminum alloy base plate. The metal substrate adopts a corrugated structure design, so that the weight is reduced by 40% and the flexural rigidity is improved compared with a traditional steel template; and the surface roughness Ra of the composite panel is less than 0.8 mu m, so that the high-standard requirement of bare concrete is met. Modularized quick-release design is adopted in the formwork, the metal base plate is matched and fixed with the magnetic limiting baffles through the inserting grooves, and the panels are connected in a mortar-leakage-proof mode through the splicing protruding blocks with the multi-cavity sealing strips. Second base plates which are arranged in a crossed mode can be additionally arranged inside to form a grid reinforcing system, and the overall compression resistance and shear resistance are remarkably improved. The formwork has the structural performance of metal materials and the surface characteristics of plastic materials, has the advantages of being light in weight, high in rigidity, good in surface smoothness, convenient to disassemble and assemble and the like, and solves the technical problems of a traditional formwork in the aspects of construction efficiency, forming quality, maintenance cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of templates, in particular to a novel combined template. Background Art

[0002] In the construction industry, the exterior surfaces of tall structures such as chimneys and cooling towers are typically required to meet fair-faced concrete standards. This means that after forming, the concrete surface must be smooth and flat, without noticeable defects, and can be used directly as a decorative surface without the need for secondary plastering or finishing. However, existing formwork technology struggles to simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of structural strength, surface finish, and ease of construction, as exemplified by the following technical issues:

[0003] Although traditional steel formwork has high rigidity and bearing capacity, and can meet the support requirements of large-volume concrete pouring, it has the significant disadvantage of being heavy. Due to the high weight of steel formwork, transportation and installation require reliance on large machinery, resulting in high labor costs and low efficiency. In addition, steel plates are prone to rust, and even after polishing, their surface roughness is still difficult to stably control below 1.6μm. After demolding, the concrete surface often needs to be manually polished or repaired.

[0004] Aluminum formwork, as a lightweight alternative, reduces weight by about 30% compared to steel formwork, but its inherent defects limit its application. The surface microstructure of aluminum is relatively loose, and the concrete contact surface easily forms a rough texture during demoulding, making it difficult to meet the finish requirements of plain concrete.

[0005] Although engineering plastic formwork has the advantages of smooth surface, light weight and corrosion resistance, the elastic modulus of plastic is only 1 / 10 to 1 / 20 of that of metal. It is easy to bend and deform when supporting large spans, and requires dense back ribs for reinforcement, which increases the overall cost.

[0006] Therefore, we propose a new type of combined template to solve the problems in the above background. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a new type of combined formwork, which can solve the problem of poor comprehensive performance caused by the defects of using a single material for construction formwork in the existing technology. For example, although traditional steel formwork has high rigidity and bearing capacity, it has the disadvantage of being heavy and requires large machinery for transportation and installation; although aluminum formwork is about 30% lighter than steel formwork, the surface microstructure of aluminum is relatively loose; although engineering plastic formwork has the advantages of smooth surface, light weight and corrosion resistance, plastic is prone to deflection when supporting large spans.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A new type of combined template includes a metal base plate, which is corrugated and covered with a smooth panel on the outside. Two adjacent smooth panels can be spliced ​​together. A support groove is provided inside the smooth panel. The metal base plate is slidably inserted into the support groove. One end of the smooth panel is closed and the other end is provided with a plug-in opening. A limit baffle for fixing the metal base plate is installed inside the smooth panel near the plug-in opening.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] The new modular formwork of the present invention has successfully solved the technical problem of balancing rigidity, weight and surface finish in traditional formwork technology through innovative structural design. The formwork adopts a combined structure of a corrugated aluminum alloy substrate and a modified polypropylene composite panel. The corrugated metal substrate achieves a 40% weight reduction compared to traditional steel formwork by optimizing the cross-sectional shape while improving the bending rigidity. The externally coated glass fiber reinforced plastic panel not only controls the surface roughness to below Ra < 0.8μm, meeting the high standards of plain concrete, but also significantly reduces the overall weight. The unique modular design realizes the function of rapid disassembly and assembly. The metal substrate is reliably fixed by the combination of the plug-in slot and the magnetic limit baffle. The adjacent panels are connected by nesting the splicing protrusions with multi-cavity sealing strips and the trapezoidal guide structure, which not only ensures the splicing accuracy but also effectively prevents leakage. Furthermore, by arranging a second substrate arranged crosswise inside the panel, a grid-like reinforcement system is formed, which significantly improves the overall compressive and shear resistance of the formwork. This modular formwork combines the structural properties of metal materials and the surface characteristics of plastic materials, and shows significant advantages in construction efficiency, molding quality, maintenance costs, etc. It is particularly suitable for the construction of plain concrete projects with strict requirements on surface quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall splicing structure of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the expanded structure of the template of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the template of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the template of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point B.

[0018] Among them: 11. Metal base plate; 12. Smooth panel; 13. Plug-in opening; 14. Limiting slide groove; 15. Magnetic groove; 16. Splicing protrusion; 17. Trapezoidal space; 18. Support groove; 21. Limit baffle; 22. Limiting section; 23. Magnetic section; 24. First magnetic block; 25. Second magnetic block; 31. Telescopic groove; 32. Overlap block; 33. Anti-slip plate; 34. Connecting groove; 35. First magnetic plate; 36. Second magnetic plate; 41. Second base plate; 42. Guide slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1:

[0021] See also Figure 1-6 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0022] A new type of combined formwork includes a metal base plate 11, which is corrugated and covered with a smooth panel 12 on the outside. Two adjacent smooth panels 12 can be spliced ​​together. A connecting structure is provided between the two smooth panels 12 at both ends and sides for combined splicing of the smooth panels 12. It is suitable for construction of different areas. A support groove 18 is provided inside the smooth panel 12. The metal base plate 11 is slidably inserted into the support groove 18 of the smooth panel 12 to realize combined support of the metal base plate 11 and the smooth panel 12. The metal base plate 11 and the smooth panel 12 can be quickly disassembled, and damaged smooth panels 12 can be replaced.

[0023] In the above scheme, the modular formwork uses a corrugated metal substrate 11 as the core support body, and is wrapped with a lightweight smooth panel 12 on the outside. The metal substrate 11 is slidably inserted into the support groove 18 inside the panel to form a detachable connection. The combination of the two maintains structural rigidity and facilitates the replacement of damaged panels. Adjacent panels are provided with connection structures at both ends and sides, so that the formwork can be spliced ​​and expanded as needed to meet the construction needs of different areas. The corrugated structure improves the bending resistance of the metal substrate 11, replacing traditional steel formwork to reduce weight; the panel surface is smooth and has low roughness, with a surface roughness Ra of less than 0.8μm. The surface is relatively smooth, ensuring a flat concrete molding surface and reducing the need for secondary processing after demolding.

[0024] Furthermore, the smooth panel 12 is constructed from a lightweight plastic—a blend of modified polypropylene and glass fiber—which significantly reduces weight compared to metal panels. The composite material also enhances impact and corrosion resistance. The lightweight design reduces handling costs, while the injection molding process ensures consistent panel dimensions and manageable gaps during splicing, preventing concrete leakage. The addition of glass fiber enhances panel rigidity, creating a "rigid-flexible composite" structure with the corrugated metal substrate 11, ensuring both load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance.

[0025] Furthermore, the metal substrate 11 is an aluminum substrate. The metal substrate 11 is made of aluminum alloy and is designed as a corrugated structure, which is 40% lighter than traditional steel plates. The corrugated geometry improves bending stiffness through the moment of inertia of the section.

[0026] Furthermore, one end of the smooth panel 12 is closed, and the other end is provided with a plug opening 13 . A limiting baffle 21 for fixing the metal substrate 11 is installed inside the smooth panel 12 near the plug opening 13 .

[0027] One end of the smooth panel 12 is closed, while the insertion opening 13 at the other end cooperates with a retaining plate 21 to secure the metal base plate 11 within the support groove 18. During installation, the metal base plate 11 slides through the insertion opening 13 into the support groove 18, where the retaining plate 21 locks in place magnetically or by snapping, preventing the base plate from falling out. This design allows for quick assembly and disassembly of the metal base plate 11 and the smooth panel 12. In the event of partial damage to the smooth panel 12, either the panel or the base plate can be replaced separately, reducing maintenance costs.

[0028] Furthermore, the smooth panel 12 is a rectangular shell, the outer side of the plug opening 13 is provided with a chamfer, the plug opening 13 is provided with a limiting slide groove 14 at the inner side of the chamfer, and the cross section of the limiting slide groove 14 is larger than the cross section of the plug opening 13.

[0029] In the above solution, the outer sides of the smooth panel 12 insertion openings 13 are chamfered to facilitate alignment when adjacent smooth panels 12 are joined. The cross-section of the retaining groove 14 inside the insertion opening 13 is larger than the insertion opening 13, forming a stepped retaining structure. When the retaining plate 21 is inserted into the retaining groove 14, its wider portion is blocked by the inner wall of the retaining groove 14, ensuring that the retaining plate 21 can only move in a direction perpendicular to the support groove 18.

[0030] In another embodiment, one end of the limiting slide 14 is connected to a magnetic groove 15, which is opened on the side of the smooth panel 12. The magnetic groove 15 is perpendicular to the direction of the limiting slide 14, and a first magnetic block 24 is fixedly connected to the inside of the magnetic groove 15. The limiting baffle 21 is L-shaped, which includes a limiting section 22 and a magnetic section 23 perpendicular to the limiting section 22. The limiting section 22 is slidably inserted into the inside of the limiting slide 14, and the magnetic section 23 is adapted to the inside of the magnetic groove 15. A second magnetic block 25 that attracts the first magnetic block 24 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the magnetic section 23.

[0031] In the above scheme, the end of the limiting slide 14 is vertically connected to the magnetic groove 15, and the magnetic groove 15 has a built-in first magnetic block 24. After the magnetic section 23 of the L-shaped limiting baffle 21 is inserted into the magnetic groove 15, its second magnetic block 25 and the first magnetic block 24 generate an adsorption force, which fixes the limiting baffle 21 in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The magnetic connection does not require bolt tightening, and the locking or unlocking operation can be completed by hand, significantly shortening the template assembly time. At the same time, when the smooth panels 12 are connected laterally, the sides of the two smooth panels 12 are in contact, preventing the limiting baffle 21 from shifting, further preventing the metal base plate 11 from loosening, and ensuring the stability of the combined template support.

[0032] Furthermore, a trapezoidal space 17 with an outer opening is formed between the chamfer of the plug-in opening 13 and the limiting section 22 of the limiting baffle 21. A splicing protrusion 16 is fixedly provided at one end of the smooth panel 12 away from the limiting slide groove 14. The splicing protrusion 16 is adapted to the inside of the trapezoidal space 17. A rubber sealing strip is provided circumferentially around the splicing protrusion 16, and the cross-section of the rubber sealing strip has a hollow multi-cavity structure.

[0033] One end of the joint block 16 is designed with a trapezoidal space 17, and the other end is equipped with a joint block 16 with a multi-cavity rubber sealing strip. When the smooth panels 12 are spliced ​​together, the joint block 16 fits into the trapezoidal space 17 of the adjacent panels. The hollow multi-cavity sealing strip deforms under pressure to fill the gap, forming a multi-layer sealing defense line, effectively preventing cement slurry leakage. The trapezoidal beveled plug-in design is self-centering, and even slight misalignment can be corrected by chamfering the guide, reducing the construction precision requirement, making it particularly suitable for novice operators and improving work efficiency.

[0034] In another embodiment, a telescopic groove 31 is provided on one side of the smooth panel 12, and a connecting groove 34 is provided on the other opposite side. A bridge block 32 is slidably connected to the inside of the telescopic groove 31, and a chamfer is provided on the outside of the bridge block 32. An anti-slip plate 33 is fixedly connected to one end of the inner side to prevent the bridge block 32 from detaching from the inside of the telescopic groove 31. The anti-slip plate 33 is slidably connected to the inside of the telescopic groove 31, and a first magnetic plate 35 is fixedly connected to the inside of the connecting groove 34. A second magnetic plate 36 is fixedly connected to one end of the outer side of the bridge block 32.

[0035] The sides of the smooth panels 12 are equipped with telescopic lap blocks 32 and magnetic coupling slots 34. Magnetic force pushes the lap blocks 32 out and into the coupling slots 34 of the adjacent panels, where they are automatically attracted and positioned by first and second magnetic plates 35 and 36. This design allows for rapid side splicing of the smooth panels 12, while the anti-slip plates 33 inside the lap blocks 32 limit their travel, preventing them from completely falling out of the telescopic slots 31.

[0036] Furthermore, a second substrate 41 is provided inside the smooth panel 12, and a guide slot 42 adapted to the outer shape of the metal substrate 11 is opened inside the second substrate 41. The second substrate 41 is arranged perpendicular to the metal substrate 11, and the metal substrate 11 passes through the guide slot 42 of the second substrate 41. The outer shape of the second substrate 41 is corrugated, and the metal substrate 11 and the second substrate 41 are cross-connected.

[0037] A second base plate 41, perpendicular to the metal base plate 11, is added to the smooth panel 12, and the two are connected by intersecting guide slots 42 to form a grid-like reinforcement system. The cross-nodes distribute the load, significantly improving the overall compressive and shear resistance, making it suitable for large-volume concrete pouring in high-rise buildings. While the corrugated metal base plate 11 provides transverse shear support, the second base plate 41, perpendicular to the metal base plate 11, provides longitudinal shear support, improving the overall bending and shear resistance of the modular formwork and enhancing support stability.

[0038] In another embodiment, the second substrate 41 is made of lightweight plastic, and the second substrate 41 is fixedly connected to the inside of the smooth panel 12 .

[0039] When the second substrate 41 is made of plastic and is fixedly connected to the smooth panel 12 , the effects of weight reduction and insulation can be further achieved.

[0040] In another embodiment, the second substrate 41 is an aluminum substrate, and the second substrate 41 is slidably connected to the inside of the smooth panel 12 .

[0041] If the second base plate 41 is a sliding aluminum base plate, the metal base plate 11 and the second base plate 41 provide high-strength compressive support from both the horizontal and vertical directions, compensating for the inherent rigidity and insufficient strength of the plastic formwork. By combining the metal base plate 11 and the second base plate 41 with the smooth panel 12 to form a new modular formwork, the advantages of both the plastic formwork and the aluminum formwork are combined to meet various construction requirements. The metal base plate 11 and the second base plate 41 can both be withdrawn from the inside of the smooth panel 12, facilitating the replacement of the smooth panel 12. The aluminum plate is made into a corrugated shape to increase its rigidity, compensating for the problem that the rigidity of the aluminum plate itself is not sufficient for use as a formwork. In addition, compared to steel formwork, it can be made into a larger size under the same weight, further adapting to different span requirements. The advantage of being easy to quickly splice enhances the flexibility of the modular formwork system.

[0042] The working principle of this modular formwork is as follows: a corrugated metal base plate 11 is inserted into the support groove 18 of the smooth panel 12 to form a detachable supporting body. During installation, the base plate slides into the panel plug-in opening 13 and is magnetically fixed by the limit baffle 21. The adjacent panels are longitudinally docked by nesting the splicing protrusions 16 and the trapezoidal space 17. The sides are horizontally spliced ​​by automatically adsorbing the overlapping blocks 32 in the telescopic groove 31 and the magnetic groove 15 to form a modular combination. During construction, the metal base plate 11 and the crossed second base plate 41 form a grid reinforcement system to jointly bear the concrete load. The corrugated structure enhances the bending stiffness, and the smooth panel 12 ensures the flatness of the demoulding surface. When damaged, the base plate can be pulled out separately to replace the panel, realizing rapid disassembly and assembly and local maintenance.

[0043] The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel modular template, comprising a metal substrate (11), characterized in that: The metal base plate (11) is in a corrugated shape. The metal base plate (11) is covered with a smooth panel (12) on the outside. Two adjacent smooth panels (12) can be spliced ​​together. A support groove (18) is provided inside the smooth panel (12). The metal base plate (11) is slidably inserted into the support groove (18). One end of the smooth panel (12) is closed, and the other end is provided with a plug-in opening (13). A limit baffle (21) for fixing the metal base plate (11) is installed inside the end of the smooth panel (12) near the plug-in opening (13).

2. A new modular formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smooth panel (12) is made of lightweight plastic.

3. A new modular formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal substrate (11) is an aluminum substrate.

4. A new modular formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smooth panel (12) is a rectangular shell, the outer side of the plug opening (13) is provided with a chamfer, the plug opening (13) is provided with a limiting sliding groove (14) at the inner side of the chamfer, and the cross section of the limiting sliding groove (14) is larger than the cross section of the plug opening (13).

5. A new modular formwork according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the limiting slide (14) is connected to a magnetic attraction groove (15), which is opened on the side of the smooth panel (12), and the magnetic attraction groove (15) is perpendicular to the direction of the limiting slide (14). A first magnetic block (24) is fixedly connected inside the magnetic attraction groove (15). The limiting baffle (21) is L-shaped, comprising a limiting section (22) and a magnetic attraction section (23) perpendicular to the limiting section (22). The limiting section (22) is slidably inserted into the limiting slide (14), and the magnetic attraction section (23) is adapted to the inside of the magnetic attraction groove (15). A second magnetic block (25) attracted to the first magnetic block (24) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the magnetic attraction section (23).

6. A new modular formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: A trapezoidal space (17) with an outer opening is formed between the chamfer of the plug opening (13) and the limiting section (22) of the limiting baffle (21); a splicing protrusion (16) is fixedly provided at one end of the smooth panel (12) away from the limiting slide groove (14); the splicing protrusion (16) is adapted to the interior of the trapezoidal space (17); a rubber sealing strip is provided circumferentially of the splicing protrusion (16); and the cross section of the rubber sealing strip is a hollow multi-cavity structure.

7. A new modular formwork according to claim 6, characterized in that: A telescopic groove (31) is provided on one side of the smooth panel (12), and a connecting groove (34) is provided on the other side thereof. A lap block (32) is slidably connected inside the telescopic groove (31), and a chamfer is provided on the outside of the lap block (32). An anti-slip plate (33) is fixedly connected to one end of the inner side thereof for preventing the lap block (32) from escaping from the telescopic groove (31). The anti-slip plate (33) is slidably connected to the inside of the telescopic groove (31), a first magnetic plate (35) is fixedly connected inside the connecting groove (34), and a second magnetic plate (36) is fixedly connected to one end of the outer side of the lap block (32).

8. The novel modular formwork according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second base plate (41) is provided inside the smooth panel (12); a guide slot (42) adapted to the outer shape of the metal base plate (11) is provided inside the second base plate (41); the second base plate (41) and the metal base plate (11) are arranged perpendicularly; the metal base plate (11) passes through the guide slot (42) of the second base plate (41); the outer shape of the second base plate (41) is corrugated; the metal base plate (11) and the second base plate (41) are cross-connected.

9. A new modular formwork according to claim 8, characterized in that: The novel modular formwork according to claim 8 is characterized in that the second base plate (41) is made of lightweight plastic and is fixedly connected to the inside of the smooth panel (12).

10. The novel modular formwork according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second substrate (41) is an aluminum substrate, and the second substrate (41) is slidably connected to the inside of the smooth panel (12).

Images