Solid waste overcapacity filling body and filling method for backfilling and storing electricity in mine goaf

Abstract

The application provides a solid waste super-capacity filling body and a filling method for backfilling and electricity storage of a mine goaf, and relates to the technical fields of ecological restoration and new energy storage. First, the edge of the mine goaf is repaired and the bottom is reinforced, the height of the layered height and the spiral electrode layout of the mine geometry model are optimized in combination with an AI system, a corrosion-resistant insulation pipeline system is pre-buried, cables and liquid delivery channels are laid, a spiral electrode structure is manufactured, a gel electrolyte material is filled in the gap of the spiral electrode structure, capacitors, strain, temperature and humidity, and current and voltage sensors are integrated, the capacitor filling body is connected to the electrodes in series through branch pipes in each layer of pipes, the series connection groups are integrated into a whole parallel connection, and a separate DC / DC converter is connected. A solid waste-based composite material is used for capping, a main cable and a liquid delivery channel are integrated, a power grid and a mine power distribution system are connected, the power demand of the mine is preferentially matched, and intelligent distribution and grid-connected transmission of electric energy are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological restoration and new energy storage technology, and particularly relates to a solid waste over-capacity filling body and a filling method for backfilling and storing electricity in a mine goaf. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of mining mineral resources, the formation of mine pits is an inevitable phenomenon. These mine pits not only destroy the original topography and geomorphology, but also have a serious impact on the surrounding ecological environment. At present, the repair work of mine pits mainly relies on filling methods, including backfilling with soil, gravel, construction waste and other materials. Although this method can restore the basic form of the mine pit to a certain extent and reduce safety hazards, its high cost and limited ecological restoration effect cannot be ignored. A large amount of manpower and material resources are often required during the filling process, and it is difficult to ensure harmonious coexistence with the surrounding natural environment, and the restoration and reconstruction of the original ecological system are limited.

[0003] In addition, current goaf repair projects are generally limited to the restoration of the surface form, and fail to fully exploit the potential value of the goaf as a large-scale energy storage space. The huge underground space system formed by mining activities essentially constitutes an energy storage carrier with natural isolation conditions. This special spatial structure is naturally coupled with energy storage needs. At the same time, a large amount of solid waste generated during the mining process has long been regarded as an environmental burden, but its porous structure and mineral composition characteristics actually provide a raw material basis for the preparation of energy storage materials. It is particularly worth noting that low-grade associated minerals eliminated by traditional beneficiation processes often contain specific elements suitable for the manufacture of energy storage equipment. This resource mismatch phenomenon results in the double loss of environmental governance costs and potential economic benefits.

[0004] On the other hand, with the transformation of global energy structure and the deepening of the concept of sustainable development, the development and utilization of renewable energy such as wind and solar energy have been increasingly valued. However, the power generation process of these new energy sources has obvious intermittency, i.e., the power generation and power generation time are severely affected by natural conditions such as wind speed and light intensity, which makes the stable supply of new energy a problem to be solved.

[0005] In order to solve the intermittency problem of new energy power generation, energy storage technology has emerged. Traditional energy storage devices such as batteries and pumped storage power stations can alleviate the instability of new energy power generation to a certain extent, but their high cost and complex operation and maintenance requirements limit their widespread application.

[0006] In summary, mine pit repair, mine solid waste utilization and new energy storage fields are all facing serious technical challenges. How to maximize the use of mine solid waste to fill the goaf, while combining energy storage with goaf filling, achieving functional repair of the mine pit, achieving a beneficial supplement to the mine power system, and stable storage and utilization of clean energy, ultimately realizing the concept of green mine, has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a solid waste overcapacity filling body and a filling method for backfilling and storing electricity in a mine goaf; through structure optimization, solid waste resource utilization and operation and maintenance technology, the synergistic effect of mine backfilling and energy storage is realized.

[0008] The specific scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0009] On the one hand, a solid waste overcapacity filling body for backfilling and storing electricity in a mine goaf, comprising a spiral electrode structure arranged in layers; the spiral electrode is a double spiral winding electrode, comprising an inner layer negative spiral cavity and an outer layer positive cavity, and a continuous gap is formed between the inner layer negative spiral cavity and the outer layer positive cavity; a foamed nickel framework is arranged in the inner layer negative spiral cavity, and an electrode is formed by filling electrode slurry in the foamed nickel framework; the surface of the foamed nickel framework is covered with a ferromagnetic coating; a three-dimensional ion conduction network is formed by filling PVA-KOH gel electrolyte in the continuous gap; a sensor is embedded in the continuous gap, and a high-pressure-resistant capping reinforcement layer containing chopped basalt fibers covers the top of the spiral electrode, and an insulation pipeline system is pre-embedded in the high-pressure-resistant capping reinforcement layer;

[0010] The electrode slurry takes slag, steel slag and tailing slag as the main solid waste base material, and is compounded with conductive material and magnetically modified clay, wherein the conductive material is graphene or carbon black; the ferromagnetic coating is formed by sintering iron powder and slag powder; the gel electrolyte adopts a PVA-KOH system, wherein the potassium hydroxide concentration is 6mol / L-8mol / L; the sensor includes a capacitance sensor, a strain sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a current and voltage sensor; the insulation pipeline system is a double-channel composite pipeline, the main pipeline is made of PTFE, and is divided into two independent channels inside, and physical isolation is realized by the horizontal plate of PTFE material: the upper layer is a flexible cable channel, and the lower layer is a liquid delivery channel; the high-pressure-resistant capping reinforcement layer is composed of slag, steel slag, tailing slag, chopped basalt fibers and cementitious materials.

[0011] On the other hand, a solid waste overcapacity filling body filling method for backfilling and storing energy in a mine goaf is realized by the foregoing solid waste overcapacity filling body, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: mine repair and structure modeling;

[0013] The edge repair and bottom reinforcement of the mine goaf are carried out, a three-dimensional scanning is used to construct a mine geometric model, and the layering height and spiral electrode layout of the mine geometric model are optimized in combination with an AI system; a corrosion-resistant insulation pipeline system is pre-buried, and a cable and a liquid conveying channel are arranged;

[0014] The step 1 further comprises the following steps: when the mine bottom pre-buried groove construction is carried out, a geothermal well is drilled at the same time; when it is detected that the geothermal water temperature in the geothermal well is less than 60℃, the step 2 is executed; when it is detected that the geothermal water temperature in the geothermal well is greater than or equal to 60℃, an explosion-proof ORC generator set is installed on the mine bottom platform to generate electricity in situ, the electric energy is connected to the main cable input system through a DC / DC converter, and the 45℃-50℃ tail water generated after power generation is used in two ways: one way is through a titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network pre-buried in the gap between the spiral electrodes, the titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network is pre-buried beside the insulation protection pipeline, a micro titanium plate heat exchanger and a cooling fan are installed in advance at the inlet of the titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network, and the AI system is used to automatically maintain the electrolyte in the 25℃-35℃ optimal working interval; when the gel electrolyte temperature in the gap between the spiral electrode structures is lower than 25℃, the micro titanium plate heat exchanger is used to heat the tail water; when the electrolyte temperature is higher than 35℃, the cooling fan is switched; the other way is to connect to the radiation pipe network of the sealing layer, the radiation pipe network is embedded in the sealing layer, and the AI system is used to control the humidity of the maintenance layer; when the humidity of the maintenance layer is less than 85%, the hot tail gas is injected; and the tail water is finally purified and coaxially reinjected into the aquifer;

[0015] Step 2: preparation of the spiral electrode structure;

[0016] The electrode slurry is prepared by using solid waste as a base material, combining conductive materials and magnetically modified clay; the spiral electrode structure is formed in the mold through a segmented pouring and magnetic positioning synergistic process, and the vibration compaction technology is used to ensure the close fit of the electrode and the electrode slurry;

[0017] The spiral electrode structure is prepared by using the formwork method, the solid waste is pretreated, the pretreatment includes drying, grinding, and sieving to a particle size less than a set value, then the solid waste is mixed with magnetically modified clay, conductive materials and alkali activator at a set ratio to prepare electrode slurry; the iron concentrate powder and the slag powder in the mine tailings are mixed on the surface of the preformed nickel foam, and the magnetic ceramic coating is prepared by sintering to form a magnetic response interface; the permanent magnet array is pre-buried at the bottom of the inner layer spiral cavity of the mold, and the foam nickel is adsorbed at the preset position of the mold through the interaction between the ferromagnetic coating and the magnetic field;

[0018] The segmented pouring and magnetic positioning synergistic process specifically comprises the following steps:

[0019] First layer partial pouring and foam nickel fixation: inject electrode slurry into the inner layer of the negative spiral cavity of the mold to a certain height, insert the foam nickel with pre-coated ferromagnetic coating, use the bottom magnetic field to adsorb the lower end and keep it vertical; at the same time, apply low-frequency vibration along the spiral axis to make the slurry preliminarily wrap the foam nickel and remove air bubbles;

[0020] Middle layer vibration densification: continue to inject electrode slurry to 50%-70% height, enhance vibration parameters, through the continuous adsorption and vibration of the magnetic field, the slurry climbs up to fill the gap along the spiral cavity, so that the middle section of the foam nickel is tightly attached to the electrode slurry;

[0021] Top layer full-height pouring and reinforced fixation: after filling the remaining electrode slurry, start combined vibration, i.e. axial vibration plus radial vibration; maintain the magnetic field effect, through the dynamic balance of electrode slurry rheological pressure and magnetic force, suppress the swing of the upper end of the foam nickel, and finally realize full-height fixation;

[0022] After the completion of the segmented pouring, let it stand for pre-curing to preliminarily solidify the electrode slurry to lock the position of the foam nickel; then pour the slurry into the outer layer of the positive cavity, and use the same vibration strategy to remove interface air bubbles;

[0023] The combined vibration specifically includes: first, set up an industrial-grade mechanical vibration table in the mold installation area, generate stable vibration force through motor drive to make the electrode slurry flow fully during pouring, eliminate air bubbles and local settlement; second, install a pneumatic vibration device outside the vibration table, use compressed air pulse to generate local high-frequency vibration to further promote the uniform distribution of the electrode slurry;

[0024] The curing process of the electrode slurry is as follows: dynamically control the temperature and humidity of the electrode slurry, and the curing is divided into three stages: mold curing in the mold, temperature control at 18-22℃, humidity 95%-98%, curing time 24-48h; wet curing stage: continue to water, curing time 2-7 days, while monitoring the electrical conductivity to ensure electrochemical activity; complete curing stage: curing time 7-28 days, use demolding curing, and perform compression, conductivity and ion migration rate tests at 14th and 28th days to ensure strength, and complete curing after passing the test.

[0025] Step 3: electrolyte filling and sensor integration;

[0026] Fill the gel electrolyte material in the gap of the spiral electrode structure, and simultaneously integrate the capacitance, strain, temperature and humidity, and current and voltage sensors; use flexible lines and insulated pipelines to realize sensor signal transmission;

[0027] After the spiral electrode structure is completed, a corrosion-resistant insulating pipe is arranged in the pre-embedded groove below the first layer of electrodes at the bottom of the mine, the corrosion-resistant insulating pipe is made of PTFE or PFA material, a flexible high-conductivity FPC line is arranged inside the upper layer of the pipe in advance, the electrode and the new energy device are connected, two branch interfaces are opened on the side wall of the pipe at the corresponding position of the electrode joint, the electrode joint is connected through the pipe, a waterproof spring needle connector is pre-installed at the branch interface of the pipe, the electrode joint is a socket with a groove, and the socket is directly inserted and rotated by 90 degrees to be locked during installation, and the spring pressure is used to ensure the conductive contact.

[0028] The sensor integration specifically includes that the sensor is installed through a flexible fixing support in a gap region between positive and negative electrodes of the spiral electrode, and is doubly protected by an insulating protection pipe and a hydrophobic protection layer; the insulating protection pipe is made of PFA or PTFE, is fixed in advance along the spiral electrode structure, is tightly matched with the spiral electrode structure through 3D printing or CNC machining, and the sensor signal is connected to a top signal collector through the flexible high-conductivity FPC line through the insulating protection pipe; the hydrophobic protection layer is made of a PEEK coating or a fluorosilicon polymer coating, and uniformly covers the surface of the sensor; when the gel electrolyte material is filled, low-pressure layer-by-layer injection is adopted, and vibration auxiliary technology is used.

[0029] After the spiral electrode structure is prepared, the specific process of filling the gel electrolyte material is as follows: a PVA-KOH gel solution is prepared, a proper amount of PVA powder is heated to 85-90 DEG C in deionized water to be fully dissolved to form a transparent colloid, after the temperature is reduced to 40-50 DEG C, a pre-prepared 6-8 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution is added and continuously stirred until uniform, and then degassing is performed under vacuum conditions to eliminate bubbles; the gel solution is injected into the gap between the spiral electrodes in three steps by using a pressure injection system, and the injection interval is 10 minutes to ensure sufficient penetration, and after the grouting is completed, the gel is crosslinked to form a three-dimensional ion conduction network in a constant temperature environment for 24-48 hours.

[0030] The sensor is connected to a signal collector at the top of each layer through a flexible high-conductivity FPC line; the signal collector adopts a LoRa / Zigbee wireless module, and data is relayed to an AI system on the ground layer by layer, the AI system analyzes the electrode state, electrolyte change and environmental parameters in real time, and provides maintenance warning.

[0031] The sensor includes a capacitance sensor, a strain sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a current sensor and a voltage sensor, which are respectively used for monitoring the internal capacitance attenuation of the super capacitor, the internal structure stress change, the environmental temperature and humidity stability of the filling layer and the electric energy transmission efficiency.

[0032] The first layer of spiral electrode structure is capped with high pressure-resistant substrate, thus completing the filling of the first layer of capacitor filling body;

[0033] The capping specifically refers to: adopting a spiral following arrangement scheme, laying PTFE or PFA pipelines inside the top capping layer along the spiral electrode structure, to ensure that the replenishment system is synchronized with the capacitor structure;

[0034] The replenishment system adopts a main pipeline and a branch pipeline network, reserving electrolyte replenishment interfaces at each layer, and simultaneously monitoring key parameters in real time according to the sensors built-in the spiral electrode structure, including capacitance decay rate, strain, temperature, humidity, current and voltage; when the monitored parameters exceed the set threshold, the AI system will automatically determine the replenishment demand, start the electric control valve to inject the replenishment electrolyte, and simultaneously enable the vibration auxiliary technology to ensure uniform filling;

[0035] The main pipeline is made of PTFE or PFA insulating material, which is divided into two independent channels inside: the upper layer is a flexible cable channel, and the lower layer is a liquid delivery channel; flexible high-conductivity FPC lines are pre-laid in the flexible cable channel to ensure that the positive and negative electrodes 7 at each layer are connected in series to form a series group, and then connected in parallel through the main cable as a whole; while the liquid delivery channel is provided with automatic electric control valves and check devices at each branch interface, so that when the AI system detects local capacitance decay or electrolyte deficiency, the central control system remotely instructs to start the replenishment function, and injects the replenishment liquid through the channel;

[0036] Step 4: circuit connection and dynamic maintenance system;

[0037] Specifically, the electrodes at each 2-3 layers of capacitor filling body are connected in series through the branch pipelines in each layer pipeline to form a plurality of series groups; then the series groups are integrated into a whole parallel connection through the bus bars in the total circuit pipeline, and connected to an independent DC / DC converter for voltage regulation, so as to balance the voltage output of each layer;

[0038] Step 5: capping and energy management;

[0039] The capping uses solid waste-based composite material, integrates cable and liquid delivery channel, connects power grid and mine power distribution system through inverter and bidirectional switching device, preferentially matches mine power demand, and realizes intelligent distribution and grid-connected transmission of electric energy;

[0040] The capping specific scheme is: taking pretreated slag, steel slag and tailing slag as the main body, accounting for 60%-75%, adding cementitious material, mixing and blending 5%-8% of chopped basalt fiber to form high pressure-resistant substrate, first laying a layer of high pressure-resistant substrate, reserving the groove at the pipeline liquid replenishment port and the position of the signal receiver, then laying the corresponding spiral pipeline, laying the pipeline connected with the electrode joint on the side wall, and then completely covering the pipeline with high pressure-resistant substrate;

[0041] The electrical energy of the ground new energy device is stored layer by layer into the capacitor filling body in the mine pit; the main cable is laid along the total circuit pipeline, the electrical energy is stored into the super capacitor through the single-layer circuit pipeline, and the voltage is adjusted through the DC / DC converter to ensure stable charging. The capacitors in each layer are locally connected in series and then connected in parallel to the main cable, preventing single-point failure from affecting overall operation. Intelligent circuit breakers and anti-backflow diodes are installed at the output end of each layer of branch pipeline and connected with the main cable, connected with the DC / DC converter and the inverter system. They are used to protect the capacitor output and prevent overcurrent and reverse current;

[0042] After filling is completed, the top main cable is connected to the national power grid to realize bidirectional energy storage and discharge of the super capacitor; the capacitors in each layer are connected to the national power grid through the power transmission pipeline, the voltage is adjusted through the DC / DC converter, and the output is unified to the grid-connected inverter PCS to convert into alternating current that meets the grid standard. A bidirectional switching switch box is installed at the output end of the grid-connected inverter PC, which integrates two independent outputs: one is connected to the national power grid through a step-up transformer, and the other is directly connected to the mine low-voltage power distribution system through a step-down module; an intelligent switching controller is additionally provided, which detects the real-time power load of the mine and the power grid scheduling instruction: when the mine equipment starts, the controller automatically directs the electrical energy to the mine power distribution line; if the mine power demand is saturated, it is switched to the power grid transmission mode; an electrical isolation protection module is arranged between the two output paths, and a low-voltage cable is connected in parallel to the existing power transmission pipeline to the mine substation;

[0043] The AI system adopts a multi-source monitoring network integrating capacitors, voltage, current, temperature and humidity, strain and geothermal well temperature sensors to collect real-time operation data of each energy storage unit; the AI system uses machine learning and data fusion algorithms to control and manage the geothermal system, dynamically adjusts the tail water heat exchange path of the titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network, specifically, a low-temperature start-up micro titanium plate heat exchanger, a high-temperature switching cooling fan, a temperature interval maintenance electrolyte, a linkage top layer, a humidity control and tail water recharge; at the same time, the charging and discharging state of each layer is analyzed, the charging voltage, time and discharging rate are automatically adjusted, and the energy distribution between layers is dynamically optimized; when the capacitor attenuation, temperature and humidity anomaly or insufficient flow are detected, the system automatically starts the supplementing device, injects appropriate amount of electrolyte to restore the storage performance, synchronously controls the intelligent circuit breaker and the anti-backflow diode to ensure safety, and automatically generates a health report to early warn faults.

[0044] The beneficial effects produced by the above technical scheme are as follows:

[0045] The application provides a solid waste super-capacitor filling body and filling method for backfilling and storing electricity in a mine goaf, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. Combining mine backfilling with energy storage to realize solid waste resource utilization and reduce mine ecological restoration cost;

[0047] 2. The design of spiral electrode and gel electrolyte improves energy storage density and adapts to irregular space structure of mine;

[0048] 3. AI-driven dynamic maintenance system prolongs the service life of energy storage unit, reduces manual intervention, and ensures long-term operation reliability;

[0049] 4. Multi-level circuit layout and intelligent energy distribution strategy improve system charging and discharging efficiency and fault tolerance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 is the overall flowchart of the present application;

[0051] Figure 2 is the overall construction completion cross-sectional view of the present application;

[0052] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the double-channel composite pipe system of the present application;

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sensor module of the present application;

[0054] Figure 5 is a circuit block diagram of the present application;

[0055] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of each layer of pipe of the present application;

[0056] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer two-layer wound structure capacitor of the present application;

[0057] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the positive and negative electrodes of a single-layer capacitor cross-section of the present application;

[0058] Figure 9 is a specific circuit diagram of the present application;

[0059] wherein 1 is a capacitor filling body; 2 is a total circuit pipe; 3 is a single-layer circuit pipe; 4 is a mine pit; 5 is a spiral pipe; 6 is a single-layer capacitor filling body; 7 is each layer of positive and negative electrodes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0061] In one aspect, a solid waste overcapacity filling body for backfilling and storing electricity in a mine goaf, comprising a layered spiral electrode structure; the spiral electrode is a double spiral winding electrode, comprising an inner layer negative spiral cavity and an outer layer positive cavity, and a continuous gap is formed between the inner layer negative spiral cavity and the outer layer positive cavity; a foamed nickel framework is arranged in the inner layer negative spiral cavity, and an electrode is formed by filling electrode slurry in the foamed nickel framework; the surface of the foamed nickel framework is covered with a ferromagnetic coating; the continuous gap is filled with PVA-KOH gel electrolyte to form a three-dimensional ion conduction network; a sensor is embedded in the continuous gap, and the top of the spiral electrode is covered with a high-pressure-resistant capping reinforcement layer containing chopped basalt fibers, and an insulated pipeline system is embedded in the high-pressure-resistant capping reinforcement layer;

[0062] The electrode slurry takes slag, steel slag and tailing slag as the main solid waste base material (mass percentage 60%-75%), and is compounded with conductive material and magnetically modified clay, wherein the conductive material is graphene or carbon black; the ferromagnetic coating is formed by sintering of iron powder (Fe3O4 content >60%) and slag powder; the gel electrolyte adopts PVA-KOH system, wherein the potassium hydroxide concentration is 6mol / L-8mol / L; the sensor includes a capacitance sensor, a strain sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a current and voltage sensor; the insulated pipeline system is a double-channel composite pipeline, the main pipeline is made of PTFE, which is divided into two independent channels, and the physical isolation is realized by the horizontal plate of PTFE material: the upper layer is a flexible cable channel, and the lower layer is a liquid delivery channel; the high-pressure-resistant capping reinforcement layer is composed of slag, steel slag, tailing slag, chopped basalt fibers and cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage of slag, steel slag and tailing slag is 60%-75%, and the chopped basalt fibers are 5%-8%.

[0063] On the other hand, a filling method of a solid waste overcapacity filling body for backfilling and storing energy in a mine goaf is realized by the foregoing solid waste overcapacity filling body, as shown in Figure 1 , comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: mine repair and structure modeling;

[0065] The edge of the mine goaf is repaired and the bottom is reinforced, a three-dimensional scanning is used to construct a mine geometric model, an AI system is used to optimize the layered height and spiral electrode layout of the mine geometric model, a corrosion-resistant insulated pipeline system is embedded, and a cable and a liquid delivery channel are laid;

[0066] In this embodiment, the edge of the mine goaf is repaired at the bottom, a vertical total circuit pipeline 2 is dug from the mine edge to the bottom of the mine, a main trunk line is pre-laid in the pipeline, a pre-embedded groove is arranged below the mine 4, and a corrosion-resistant insulated pipeline is laid in the groove. The overall cross-sectional view of the overall construction completed in this embodiment is shown in Figure 2 .

[0067] In this embodiment, a high-precision three-dimensional laser scanner is used to comprehensively scan the mine goaf, obtaining detailed three-dimensional point cloud data. Professional point cloud processing software is used to filter, segment, and reconstruct the data, forming an accurate mine geometric model. Then, the AI system combines topology optimization algorithms and finite element analysis (FEA) to perform mechanical analysis on the model, automatically optimizing the mine structure, including determining the optimal height of each layer, the arrangement of the spiral electrode structure, and the necessary dimensions. The AI system can consider the geological characteristics and spatial constraints of the mine in real time, calculate the load distribution of the structure, and ensure that the height of each layer matches the stability of the support structure, thereby improving the uniformity of grouting and energy storage efficiency, and ultimately generating a specific layout plan suitable for construction, ensuring long-term effective operation of the system.

[0068] Step 2: Preparation of spiral electrode structure

[0069] Using solid waste such as slag, steel slag, and tailings as the base material, combined with conductive materials and magnetically modified clay to prepare electrode slurry; through the segmented pouring and magnetic positioning collaborative process, a spiral electrode structure is formed in the mold, and vibration compaction technology is used to ensure the close fit of the electrode and electrode slurry;

[0070] In this embodiment, according to the mine geometric model, a mine pit model is established on SolidWorks and the corresponding software, the spiral electrode structure is constructed, and after determining the size, the spiral template is first constructed, and electrode connectors are reserved at the bottom of the template. The electrode connectors are reserved in the center of the spiral structure, and only two positive and negative connectors are needed for each layer. Subsequently, the slurry is injected and cured, and the electrode production is completed.

[0071] The spiral electrode structure is prepared by the formwork method. Due to the height and complex structure characteristics of the spiral electrode, to avoid the deformation of the nickel foam under stress caused by the high height of the one-time pouring slurry, the segmented pouring and magnetic positioning collaborative process is adopted. The solid waste (slag, steel slag) is pretreated, which includes drying, grinding, and sieving to a particle size less than a set value (in this embodiment, the particle size is <0.15 microns). Then, the magnetically modified clay, conductive material (graphene or carbon black), and alkali activator are mixed in a set proportion to prepare electrode slurry with good fluidity. To achieve precise fixation of the nickel foam, before placing the nickel foam, iron powder (Fe3O4 content >60%) in the mine tailings is mixed with slag powder to form a magnetic ceramic coating through sintering, which is resistant to alkalinity and has magnetic adsorption function, forming a magnetic response interface. Permanent magnet arrays (magnetic field strength 50 mT~200 mT) are embedded at the bottom of the inner spiral cavity of the mold. Through the interaction between the ferromagnetic coating and the magnetic field, the bottom of the nickel foam is adsorbed to the preset position (center offset <±0.1 mm) in the mold;

[0072] The segmental pouring and magnetic positioning synergistic process is specifically as follows:

[0073] First-layer partial pouring and foam nickel fixation: electrode slurry of a set height is injected into the inner-layer negative spiral cavity of the mold, foam nickel with a pre-coated ferromagnetic coating is inserted, the lower end of the foam nickel is adsorbed by the bottom magnetic field and kept in a vertical posture, and low-frequency vibration along the spiral axis (in this embodiment, the low-frequency vibration is specifically 20 Hz-30 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm) is synchronously applied to make the slurry preliminarily wrap the foam nickel and remove air bubbles;

[0074] Middle-layer vibration densification: electrode slurry is continuously injected to 50%-70% of the height, and the vibration parameters are enhanced (in this embodiment, the vibration parameters are specifically 30 Hz-50 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.3 mm-0.5 mm), the slurry climbs up to fill the gap along the spiral cavity, and the middle section of the foam nickel is tightly attached to the electrode slurry through the continuous adsorption and vibration of the magnetic field;

[0075] Top-layer full-height pouring and reinforced fixation: after the remaining electrode slurry is injected, combined vibration, i.e., axial vibration plus radial vibration, is started (in this embodiment, the axial vibration plus radial vibration has a frequency of 40 Hz-60 Hz), and the magnetic field action is maintained, the upper end of the foam nickel is inhibited from swinging through the dynamic balance between the rheological pressure of the electrode slurry and the magnetic attraction force, and finally full-height fixation is achieved; (in this embodiment, when the total height is 5 cm-20 cm, the positioning accuracy is ±0.2 mm).

[0076] After the segmental pouring is completed, pre-curing is performed (in this embodiment, the curing conditions are 30°C-40°C, the humidity is >80%, and the time is 4 h-6 h), the electrode slurry is preliminarily solidified to lock the position of the foam nickel; then, the outer-layer positive cavity is filled with slurry, and the same vibration strategy is adopted to remove air bubbles at the interface;

[0077] The combined vibration is specifically as follows: an industrial mechanical vibration table is arranged in the mold installation area, the vibration frequency is adjusted to 20 Hz-60 Hz, stable vibration force is generated through motor driving to make the electrode slurry flow fully during injection, air bubbles and local sedimentation are eliminated, a pneumatic vibration device is installed outside the vibration table, local high-frequency vibration is generated by using compressed air pulses to further promote the uniform distribution of the electrode slurry, and the whole vibration process usually lasts for 3 to 5 minutes; at the same time, a micro vibration sensor is reserved on the inner side of the mold to monitor the vibration effect in real time, and the data is fed back to the control system to automatically adjust the vibration parameters.

[0078] The maintenance process of the electrode paste is as follows: dynamically regulate the temperature and humidity of the electrode paste, and the maintenance is divided into three stages: mold maintenance in the mold, the temperature is controlled at 18-22℃, the humidity is 95%-98%, the maintenance time is 24-48h; wet maintenance stage: continue to water, the maintenance time is 2-7 days, and the electrical conductivity is monitored to ensure the electrochemical activity; complete curing stage: the maintenance time is 7-28 days, and the demolding maintenance is adopted, the compression resistance, conductivity and ion migration rate are tested at the 14th day and the 28th day to ensure the strength, and the detection is passed to complete the maintenance.

[0079] Step 3: electrolyte filling and sensor integration;

[0080] The gap between the spiral electrode structure is filled with gel electrolyte material, and the capacitance, strain, temperature and humidity, and current and voltage sensors are integrated at the same time. Flexible circuit and insulating pipeline are used to realize sensor signal transmission, and hydrophobic coating is used to prevent electrolyte penetration interference.

[0081] After the spiral electrode structure is completed, a corrosion-resistant insulating pipeline is pre-embedded in the pre-embedded groove below the first layer of electrodes at the bottom of the mine. The corrosion-resistant insulating pipeline is made of PTFE or PFA material, and a flexible high-conductivity FPC circuit is pre-arranged inside the upper layer of the pipeline. The pipeline is connected to the electrode and the new energy device, and two branch interfaces are opened on the side wall of the pipeline at the corresponding position of the electrode joint to connect the electrode joint through the pipeline. A waterproof spring needle connector (copper plated silver contact + silicone sealing ring) is pre-installed at the branch interface of the pipeline. The electrode joint is a recessed socket, which is directly inserted and rotated 90° to lock during installation. The spring pressure ensures the conductive contact;

[0082] The sensor integration is as shown in Figure 4 Specifically, the sensors are installed in the gap region between the positive and negative electrodes of the spiral electrode through flexible fixing supports, and are double protected by insulating protective pipelines and hydrophobic protective layers. The insulating protective pipeline is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant perfluoroalkoxy polymer PFA or polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE. The insulating protective pipeline is pre-embedded and fixed along the spiral electrode structure, and is tightly fitted with the spiral electrode structure through 3D printing or CNC machining to avoid electromagnetic interference and mechanical damage. The sensor signal is connected to the top signal collector through the insulating protective pipeline through the flexible high-conductivity FPC circuit, ensuring long-term stable transmission. The hydrophobic protective layer is coated with nano-scale polyether ether ketone PEEK or fluorosilicon polymer, which uniformly covers the surface of the sensor to prevent gel penetration and affect the measurement accuracy, while enhancing the anti-fouling and corrosion resistance. When filling the gel electrolyte material, low-pressure layer-by-layer injection is adopted, and vibration auxiliary technology is used to avoid impact damage to the sensor. In this embodiment, the existing vibration auxiliary technology is used, and the vibration auxiliary technology is used for basic purposes such as mixing and degassing in the preparation of electrode materials;

[0083] The PVA-KOH gel solution (not limited to a single electrolyte system) is prepared by heating a proper amount of PVA powder in deionized water to 85-90°C to dissolve the PVA powder sufficiently to form a transparent colloid, adding a pre-prepared 6-8 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution when the temperature drops to 40-50°C, and continuously stirring until uniform, and then degassing under vacuum to eliminate bubbles; the gel solution is injected into the gap between the spiral electrodes in three steps using a pressure injection system, with an interval of 10 minutes between each injection to ensure sufficient penetration, and the gel is allowed to crosslink to form a three-dimensional ion conduction network under constant temperature for 24-48 hours,

[0084] As shown in Figure 5 , the sensor is connected to a signal collector at the top of each layer through a flexible high-conductivity FPC line; the signal collector uses a LoRa / Zigbee wireless module to relay data to the AI system on the ground layer by layer, and the AI system analyzes the electrode state, electrolyte changes and environmental parameters in real time, and provides maintenance warnings.

[0085] The sensor includes a capacitance sensor, a strain sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a current sensor and a voltage sensor, which are used to monitor the internal capacitance attenuation, internal structure stress changes, environmental temperature and humidity stability of the filling layer and the efficiency of electric energy transmission.

[0086] The first layer of spiral electrode structure is capped with a high-pressure-resistant substrate, and the filling of the first layer of capacitor filling body 1 is completed; in this embodiment, the high-pressure-resistant substrate mainly uses pretreated slag, steel slag and tailings, accounting for 60-75%, and a cementing material is added, mixed with 5-8% chopped basalt fibers to form a high-pressure-resistant substrate. The height of each layer is controlled to be 2-2.5 m according to the mine structure, which ensures the structural strength and reduces the construction frequency, and the filling of the single-layer capacitor filling body 6 is completed, as shown in Figure 7 . Each layer is two meters high and requires a pipeline to supplement the corresponding electrolyte. For a goaf of more than 100 m, the number of pipelines is too large and the information is too complex. A further optimized scheme is to use a main pipe + branch pipe layout to set 2-4 main pipes (depending on the width of the mine) throughout the goaf, and each layer is connected to the main pipe through horizontal branch pipes, with 2-4 supplement points in each layer. An electric control valve is installed on each branch pipe in each layer, which can remotely or automatically control the supplement amount. The above steps are repeated until the mine is completely filled, as shown in Figure 8 .

[0087] The capping is specifically: a spiral following arrangement scheme is used, and PTFE or PFA pipes are laid along the spiral electrode structure inside the top capping layer to ensure that the supplement system is synchronized with the capacitor structure;

[0088] The supplement system adopts a main pipeline and a branch pipeline network, electrolyte supplement interfaces are reserved at each layer, atomizing nozzles are arranged at the interfaces, the nozzles are porous ceramic atomizing heads, the surfaces of the nozzles are coated with hydrophobic PTFE films (thickness 0.1 mm) to form vapor barrier layers, meanwhile, key parameters are monitored in real time according to sensors built in the spiral electrode structure, including a capacitance decay rate, a strain, a temperature (target range 20℃-30℃), a humidity (maintained above 85%), an electric current and a voltage; when the monitored parameters exceed set threshold values, in this embodiment, when the sensors detect that the capacitance decreases by more than 1%, the voltage deviation is more than ±5% or the ambient temperature and humidity are abnormal, the AI system will automatically determine the supplement demand, start the electric control valve to inject the corresponding electrolyte solution, and atomize the electrolyte solution into charged droplets with a particle size of 3μm-5μm under the conditions of a low temperature of 35℃-40℃ and a certain pressure, the charged droplets are gathered into a nanoscale water film on the surface of the PTFE film due to the electrostatic adsorption effect, and then slowly penetrate into the gel inside through capillary action, meanwhile, vibration auxiliary technology is started to promote uniform diffusion of the vapor, so that dynamic maintenance is realized, the service life of the energy storage unit is prolonged, and long-term stable and efficient operation of the whole system is ensured.

[0089] To realize the functions of circuit connection and supplement of the positive and negative electrodes 7 of each layer by using a single pipeline, a double-channel composite pipeline system is designed in this embodiment. Specifically, the main pipeline is made of high corrosion-resistant and excellent insulating materials such as PTFE or PFA, and is divided into two independent channels inside, the physical isolation is realized through the horizontal plate of PTFE material: the upper layer is a flexible cable channel, and the lower layer is a liquid delivery channel; flexible high-conductivity FPC lines are pre-arranged in the flexible cable channel, to ensure that the positive and negative electrodes 7 of each layer are connected in series locally to form series groups, and then connected in parallel as a whole through the main cable; while the liquid delivery channel is provided with automatic electric control valves and check devices at each branch interface, when the AI system detects local capacitance decay or electrolyte deficiency, the central control system remotely instructs to start the supplement function, and injects the supplement liquid through the channel. The two channels are separated by a physical partition to avoid liquid flow interference with electrical signals.

[0090] Step 4: circuit connection and dynamic maintenance system;

[0091] A double-channel composite pipeline system is constructed, as shown in Figure 3 , to realize local series connection and overall parallel connection of the electrodes, and to adjust the voltage through a DC / DC conversion module; based on the real-time monitoring of the state of the capacitor filler 1 by the AI system, electrolyte supplement and vibration maintenance are dynamically triggered to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0092] Specifically, every 2-3 layers of capacitor fillers are connected in series locally through branch pipelines in each layer pipeline to form a plurality of series groups; then the series groups are integrated into overall parallel connection through the bus bars in the main pipeline 2, and are connected to independent DC / DC converters for voltage regulation, so as to balance the voltage output of each layer.

[0093] The roof is constructed using solid waste-based composite materials, and integrates cable and liquid transport channels. It connects to the power grid and the mine's power distribution system via inverters and bidirectional switching devices, prioritizing the mine's power demand and achieving intelligent power distribution and grid-connected transmission.

[0094] The specific capping scheme is as follows: Pretreated slag, steel slag, and tailings slag constitute 60%–75% of the material, with added cementitious materials and 5%–8% chopped basalt fiber mixed in to form a high-compression-strength substrate. A layer of this high-compression-strength substrate is laid flat, with grooves reserved at the pipe inlet (for installing atomizing nozzles) and a reserved location for a signal receiver. Then, the corresponding spiral pipes 5 are laid, such as… Figure 6 As shown, pipes connected to electrode connectors are laid on the side wall, and then the pipes are completely covered with a high-compression-resistant substrate.

[0095] This embodiment employs a "main cable + branch transmission pipeline + intelligent control" approach to store the electrical energy of the ground-based new energy device layer by layer into the capacitor pack within the mine pit. The main cable is laid along the main circuit pipeline 2, which contains several main pipelines. Electrical energy is stored in the supercapacitors through single-layer circuit pipelines 3, and the voltage is adjusted by a DC / DC converter to ensure stable charging. Capacitors in each layer are locally connected in series and then connected in parallel to the main cable to prevent single-point failures from affecting overall operation. Intelligent circuit breakers and anti-reverse diodes are installed at the output end of each branch pipeline and connected to the main cable, thus connecting to the DC / DC converter and inverter system. They are used to protect the capacitor output from overcurrent and reverse current.

[0096] After filling in the blanks, follow the specific circuit diagram, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the top main cable connects to the national power grid, enabling bidirectional energy storage and discharge of the supercapacitors. Energy from each layer of capacitors is collected through transmission pipelines, regulated by a DC / DC converter, and uniformly output to the grid-connected inverter PCS, where it is converted into AC power conforming to grid standards. A bidirectional switching switch box is installed at the output of the grid-connected inverter PCS, integrating two independent outputs: one connected to the national power grid via a step-up transformer, and the other directly connected to the mine's low-voltage power distribution system via a step-down module. An intelligent switching controller is added, which detects the mine's real-time power load and grid dispatch commands: when mining equipment (such as crushers and fans) starts, the controller automatically prioritizes power to the mine's power distribution lines; if the mine's power demand is saturated, it switches to grid transmission mode. An electrical isolation protection module is installed between the two outputs to prevent grid fluctuations from impacting the mining equipment. Simultaneously, a low-voltage cable is connected in parallel to the existing transmission pipeline to the mine substation, achieving a "dual-use" function. The AI ​​system intelligently adjusts the discharge power, optimizes energy utilization efficiency, and remotely monitors the operating status.

[0097] The AI system adopts an AI monitoring system integrating capacitive, voltage, current, temperature and humidity, and strain sensors to collect real-time operation data of each energy storage unit; the AI system analyzes the charge and discharge states of each layer using machine learning and data fusion algorithms, automatically adjusts the charging voltage, duration, and discharge rate, and dynamically optimizes the energy distribution between layers; when detecting capacitive attenuation, abnormal temperature and humidity, or insufficient flow, the system automatically starts the replenishment device, injects appropriate electrolyte through the electric control valve to restore the storage performance, adjusts the intelligent circuit breaker and anti-flow diode to ensure safety, and automatically generates a health report to provide early warning of faults. Through predictive maintenance and real-time feedback, the system realizes intelligent control of the charging and discharging process, maximizes overall energy utilization efficiency, and prolongs the service life of the energy storage device.

[0098] In this embodiment, the "main pipe + branch pipe + AI management" is adopted, combined with sensor monitoring, automatic replenishment, and remote operation and maintenance, to ensure long-term stable operation of the supercapacitor energy storage system in the goaf. The sensor is embedded in the spiral electrode structure to monitor key data such as capacitive attenuation, structural stress, temperature and humidity, current and voltage, and through AI analysis of historical trends, predict electrolyte consumption and electrode wear, and trigger the replenishment strategy in advance. The AI automatically calculates the optimal replenishment amount and frequency, and adjusts the strategy in combination with environmental data to prevent excessive or uneven filling. During operation and maintenance, real-time monitoring is performed through the Web / mobile terminal, the AI system automatically generates a health report, and early warning of faults such as pipe blockage and capacitive decline is provided to ensure efficient operation of the system, reduce maintenance costs, and improve energy storage stability and life.

[0099] The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and the explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the application involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combinations of the above technical features, and should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above inventive concept. For example, the above features and the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure (but not limited to) are replaced with each other to form a technical solution.

Claims

1. A solid waste overpack filling body for backfilling and storing electricity in a mine goaf, characterized in that, The spiral electrode structure comprises a layered structure; The spiral electrode is a double spiral winding electrode, comprising an inner layer of negative spiral cavity and an outer layer of positive cavity, and a continuous gap is formed between the inner layer of negative spiral cavity and the outer layer of positive cavity; a foamed nickel framework is arranged in the inner layer of negative spiral cavity, and the foamed nickel framework is filled with electrode slurry to form an electrode; the surface of the foamed nickel framework is covered with a ferromagnetic coating; the continuous gap is filled with PVA-KOH gel electrolyte to form a three-dimensional ion conduction network; a sensor is embedded in the continuous gap, and the top of the spiral electrode is covered with a high-pressure-resistant sealing and reinforcing layer containing chopped basalt fibers, and an insulated pipeline system is embedded in the high-pressure-resistant sealing and reinforcing layer; The electrode slurry takes slag, steel slag and tailing slag as main solid waste base materials, and is compounded with conductive materials and magnetic modified clay, wherein the conductive materials are graphene or carbon black; the ferromagnetic coating is formed by sintering of iron powder and slag powder; the gel electrolyte adopts PVA-KOH system, wherein the concentration of potassium hydroxide is 6mol / L-8mol / L; the sensor comprises a capacitance sensor, a strain sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a current and voltage sensor; the insulated pipeline system is a double-channel composite pipeline, the main pipeline is made of PTFE, which is divided into two independent channels, and the physical isolation is realized by the horizontal plate of PTFE material: the upper layer is a flexible cable channel, and the lower layer is a liquid delivery channel; the high-pressure-resistant sealing and reinforcing layer is composed of slag, steel slag, tailing slag, chopped basalt fibers and cementitious materials.

2. A solid waste super-capacity filling body filling method for backfilling and energy storage of a mine goaf, which is implemented by the solid waste super-capacity filling body of claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: mine repair and structure modeling; The edge of the mined-out area is repaired and the bottom is reinforced, a three-dimensional scanning is used to construct a mine geometric model, an AI system is used to optimize the layered height and spiral electrode layout of the mine geometric model, a corrosion-resistant insulated pipeline system is embedded, and a cable and liquid delivery channel are arranged; Step 2: preparation of spiral electrode structure; The electrode slurry is prepared by taking solid waste as base material, combining conductive materials and magnetic modified clay; the spiral electrode structure is formed in the mold by the process of segmented pouring and magnetic positioning, and the vibration compaction technology is used to ensure the close fit of the electrode and the electrode slurry; The spiral electrode structure is prepared by using the formwork method, the solid waste is pretreated, the pretreatment includes drying, grinding, sieving to a particle size less than a set value, then mixed with magnetic modified clay, conductive materials and alkali activator in a set proportion to prepare electrode slurry; the iron powder and slag powder in the mine tailings are mixed on the surface of the prefabricated foamed nickel, and the magnetic ceramic coating is prepared by sintering to form a magnetic response interface; a permanent magnet array is embedded at the bottom of the inner layer spiral cavity of the mold, and the foamed nickel is adsorbed at the preset position of the mold through the interaction of the ferromagnetic coating and the magnetic field; Step 3: electrolyte filling and sensor integration; The gel electrolyte material is filled in the gap of the spiral electrode structure, and the capacitance, strain, temperature and humidity, and current and voltage sensors are integrated at the same time; the flexible circuit and the insulated pipeline are used to realize the transmission of sensor signals; the first layer of spiral electrode structure is capped with high-pressure-resistant base material, and the filling of the first layer of capacitor filling body is completed. After the spiral electrode structure is completed, a corrosion-resistant insulating pipe is arranged in the pre-embedded groove below the first layer of electrodes at the bottom of the mine, the corrosion-resistant insulating pipe is made of PTFE or PFA material, a flexible high-conductivity FPC line is arranged in the upper layer of the pipe in advance, the electrode and the new energy device are connected, two branch interfaces are opened on the side wall of the pipe at the corresponding position of the electrode joint, the electrode joint is connected through the pipe, a waterproof spring needle connector is pre-installed at the branch interface of the pipe, the electrode joint is a socket with a groove, and the socket is directly inserted and rotated by 90 degrees to be locked during installation, and the conductive contact is ensured through the spring pressure; Step 4: circuit connection and dynamic maintenance system; Specifically, each 2-3 layers of capacitor filling bodies are locally connected in series through branch pipes in each layer of pipes to form a plurality of series groups; and the series groups are integrated into overall parallel connection through bus bars in the main circuit pipes and connected to independent DC / DC converters for voltage regulation, so as to balance the voltage output of each layer; Step 5: capping and energy management; The solid waste-based composite material is used for capping, the main cable and the liquid delivery channel are integrated, the inverter and the bidirectional switching device are used to connect the power grid and the mine power distribution system, the mine power demand is preferentially matched, and intelligent distribution and grid-connected transmission of electric energy are realized.

3. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the following is further included: when the geothermal well is constructed synchronously during the construction of the pre-embedded groove at the bottom of the mine, when the temperature of the geothermal water in the geothermal well is less than 60 DEG C, step 2 is executed; when the temperature of the geothermal water in the geothermal well is greater than or equal to 60 DEG C, an explosion-proof ORC generator set is installed on the platform at the bottom of the mine to generate electricity in situ, the electric energy is connected to the main cable input system through the DC / DC converter, the 45 DEG C-50 DEG C tail water generated after power generation is used in two ways: one way is through a titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network pre-embedded in the gap between the spiral electrodes, the titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network is pre-embedded beside the insulating protective pipe, a micro titanium plate heat exchanger and a cooling fan are installed in advance at the inlet of the titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network, and an AI system is used to automatically maintain the electrolyte in the optimal working interval of 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, when the temperature of the gel electrolyte in the gap between the spiral electrode structures is lower than 25 DEG C, the micro titanium plate heat exchanger is used to heat the tail water, and when the temperature of the electrolyte is higher than 35 DEG C, the cooling fan is switched; the other way is to connect the tail water to the radiation pipe network in the capping layer, the radiation pipe network is embedded in the capping layer, and the AI system is used to control the humidity of the curing layer, when the humidity of the curing layer is less than 85%, the wet hot tail gas is injected, and the tail water is finally backfilled to the aquifer after purification.

4. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, The segmented pouring and magnetic attraction positioning process in step 2 is specifically as follows: First layer partial pouring and foam nickel fixation: electrode slurry of a set height is injected into the negative spiral cavity of the inner layer of the mold, foam nickel with a pre-coated ferromagnetic coating is inserted, the lower end of the foam nickel is adsorbed by the bottom magnetic field and kept in a vertical posture; at the same time, low-frequency vibration along the spiral axis is applied to make the slurry preliminarily wrap the foam nickel and remove air bubbles; Middle layer vibration densification: continue to inject electrode slurry to 50%-70% height, enhance vibration parameters, and through the continuous adsorption and vibration of the magnetic field, the slurry climbs to fill the gap along the spiral cavity, so that the middle section of the foam nickel is tightly attached to the electrode slurry; Top full height pouring and strengthening fixation: after filling the remaining electrode paste, start the combined vibration, that is, axial vibration plus radial vibration; maintain the magnetic field effect, suppress the upper end swing of the foamed nickel through the dynamic balance of the electrode paste rheological pressure and magnetic force, and finally realize the full height fixation; After the segmented pouring is completed, pre-curing is performed to make the electrode paste preliminarily solidify to lock the position of the foamed nickel; then, the outer positive electrode cavity is filled with paste, and the same vibration strategy is adopted to remove the interface bubbles; The combined vibration is as follows: first, an industrial mechanical vibration table is arranged in the mold installation area, a stable vibration force is generated through motor driving, the electrode paste flows fully during injection, and bubbles and local settlement are eliminated; second, a pneumatic vibration device is installed on the vibration table, local high-frequency vibration is generated by using compressed air pulse, and the electrode paste is further uniformly distributed; The curing process of the electrode paste is as follows: dynamically control the temperature and humidity of the electrode paste, and the curing is divided into three stages: mold curing in the mold, the temperature is controlled at 18-22 DEG C, the humidity is 95%-98%, and the curing time is 24-48 hours; wet curing stage: continue to water, the curing time is 2-7 days, while monitoring the electrical conductivity to ensure the electrochemical activity; complete curing stage: the curing time is 7-28 days, and the demolding curing is adopted, the compression resistance, conductivity and ion migration rate are tested at the 14th day and the 28th day to ensure the strength, and the detection is completed after passing the test.

5. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, The sensor integration in step 3 is as follows: the sensor is installed in the gap area between the positive and negative electrodes of the spiral electrode through a flexible fixing support, and double protection is performed by using an insulating protection pipeline and a hydrophobic protective layer; the insulating protection pipeline is made of perfluoroalkoxy polymer PFA or polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, the insulating protection pipeline is fixed along the spiral electrode structure, 3D printing or CNC machining is used to ensure that the spiral electrode structure is closely fitted, the sensor signal is connected to the top signal collector through a flexible high-conductivity FPC line through the insulating protection pipeline; the hydrophobic protective layer adopts polyether ether ketone PEEK coating or fluorosilicon polymer coating, which uniformly covers the surface of the sensor; when the gel electrolyte material is filled, low-pressure layer-by-layer injection is adopted, and vibration auxiliary technology is used; After the spiral electrode structure is prepared, the specific process of filling the gel electrolyte material is as follows: prepare the PVA-KOH gel solution, heat a proper amount of PVA powder in deionized water to 85-90 DEG C to dissolve completely to form a transparent colloid, add the pre-prepared 6-8 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution when the temperature drops to 40-50 DEG C and continuously stir until uniform, then degas under vacuum conditions to eliminate bubbles; use a pressure injection system to inject the gel solution into the gap between the spiral electrodes in three steps, each injection interval is 10 minutes to ensure full penetration, and the gel is crosslinked to form a three-dimensional ion conduction network after standing for 24-48 hours in a constant temperature environment after injection.

6. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, The sensor in step 3 is connected to the signal collector at the top of each layer by flexible high-conductivity FPC lines; the signal collector uses LoRa / Zigbee wireless modules to relay data to the AI system on the ground layer by layer, and the AI system analyzes the electrode state, electrolyte changes and environmental parameters in real time and provides maintenance warnings; The sensor includes a capacitance sensor, a strain sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a current sensor and a voltage sensor, which are used to monitor the internal capacitance attenuation, internal structure stress changes, environmental temperature and humidity stability and power transmission efficiency of the super capacitor, respectively.

7. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, The capping in step 3 is specifically: using a spiral following arrangement scheme, laying PTFE or PFA pipes inside the top capping layer along the spiral electrode structure to ensure that the replenishment system is synchronized with the capacitor structure; The replenishment system uses a main pipeline and a branch pipeline network, and reserves an electrolyte replenishment interface at each layer, while real-time monitoring of key parameters, including capacitance decay rate, strain, temperature, humidity, current and voltage, is carried out according to the sensors built-in the spiral electrode structure; when the monitored parameters exceed the set threshold, the AI system will automatically determine the replenishment requirement, start the electric control valve to inject the replenishment electrolyte, and at the same time enable the vibration auxiliary technology to ensure uniform filling; The main pipeline is made of PTFE or PFA insulating material, which is divided into two independent channels inside: the upper layer is a flexible cable channel, and the lower layer is a liquid delivery channel; flexible high-conductivity FPC lines are pre-laid in the flexible cable channel to ensure that the positive and negative electrodes of each layer are connected in series to form a series group, and then connected in parallel through the main cable as a whole; while the liquid delivery channel is provided with automatic electric control valves and check devices at each branch interface, so that when the AI system detects local capacitance decay or electrolyte deficiency, the central control system remotely instructs to open the replenishment function to inject the replenishment liquid through the channel.

8. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, The capping in step 5 is specifically: using pretreated slag, steel slag and tailing slag as the main body, accounting for 60% to 75%, adding cementitious materials, and mixing chopped basalt fibers 5% to 8% to form a high compression-resistant base material, first laying a layer of high compression-resistant base material, and at the same time reserving grooves at the pipe liquid replenishment port and reserving the position of the signal receiver, then laying the corresponding spiral pipe, laying the pipe connected with the electrode joint on the side wall, and then completely covering the pipe with the high compression-resistant base material; The electrical energy of the ground new energy device is stored layer by layer into the capacitor filling body in the mine pit; The main cable is laid along the total circuit pipeline, and the electrical energy is stored into the super capacitor through the single-layer circuit pipeline and adjusted by the DC / DC converter to ensure stable charging; the local series connection of each layer of capacitor and the overall parallel connection of the main cable prevent single-point failure from affecting the overall operation; the intelligent circuit breaker and the anti-backflow diode are installed at the output end of each layer of branch pipeline and connected with the main cable, and are connected with the DC / DC converter and inverter system; they are used to protect the capacitor output and prevent overcurrent and reverse current; After filling is completed, the top main cable is connected to the national power grid to realize the bidirectional energy storage and discharge of the super capacitor; Each layer of capacitor collects energy through power transmission pipeline, adjusts voltage through DC / DC converter, and outputs to grid-connected inverter PCS to convert into AC power meeting grid standard. A bidirectional switching box is installed at the output end of the grid-connected inverter PCS, which integrates two independent outputs: one is connected to the national power grid through a step-up transformer, and the other is directly connected to the mine low-voltage distribution system through a step-down module. An intelligent switching controller is added to detect the real-time power load of the mine and the grid dispatching instructions. When the mine equipment starts, the controller automatically directs the power to the mine distribution line. If the mine power demand is saturated, it switches to the grid power transmission mode. An electrical isolation protection module is set between the two outputs, and a low-voltage cable is connected to the mine substation in parallel with the existing power transmission pipeline.

9. The solid waste overpack filling method for mine goaf backfilling and energy storage of claim 2, characterized in that, The AI system adopts a multi-source monitoring network integrating capacitors, voltage, current, temperature and humidity, strain and geothermal well temperature sensors to collect real-time operation data of each energy storage unit. The AI system uses machine learning and data fusion algorithms to control and manage the geothermal system, dynamically adjust the tail water heat exchange path of the titanium alloy micro-channel pipe network, specifically, start the low-temperature micro-titanium plate heat exchanger, switch the cooling fan at high temperature, maintain the electrolyte temperature interval, link the top layer, and control humidity and tail water recharge. At the same time, the charging and discharging state of each layer is analyzed, and the charging voltage, duration and discharging rate are automatically adjusted, and the energy distribution between layers is dynamically optimized. When the capacitor attenuation, temperature and humidity anomaly or insufficient flow are detected, the system automatically starts the supplement device, starts the electric control valve to inject appropriate electrolyte to restore the storage performance, synchronously controls the intelligent circuit breaker and anti-backflow diode to ensure safety, and automatically generates a health report to provide early warning of faults.

Images