A device and method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of hydraulic erosion tests, and discloses a device and method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of a slope in an arid and semi-arid area, which comprises a platform plate and a water storage tank, the platform plate is arranged on one side of the water storage tank, a sampling mechanism is arranged on the platform plate, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling pipe, the sampling pipe is arranged at the bottom of the platform plate, two round plates are integrally formed on the platform plate, and a swing plate is arranged between the two round plates. According to the length of the slope, the number of beam rods is increased or reduced to match the test requirements of slopes with different lengths, the beam rods are installed on the slope after the number of the beam rods is selected, the slope is continuously sprayed through a spraying mechanism after installation, the soil of the slope is inserted and sampled through the sampling pipe after spraying, the water absorption of the soil at different depths can be detected, and the test process does not require too much manual participation, so that manpower is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic erosion testing technology, and in particular to a testing device and method for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic erosion is the entire process by which soil, soil bodies, or other ground components are destroyed, eroded, transported, and deposited under the influence of precipitation, surface runoff, and groundwater runoff. It is an important type of soil erosion.

[0003] In arid and semi-arid regions, due to the unique characteristics of these regions, it is crucial to investigate the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes. Slope resistance to hydraulic erosion directly impacts subsequent water storage capacity and resistance to soil erosion under water flow. Current methods for testing slope hydraulic erosion characteristics typically involve waiting for natural rainfall or pumping water to erode the slope, followed by manual measurement and observation of soil changes. This process is often cumbersome and labor-intensive. Therefore, this paper proposes a testing device and method for slope hydraulic erosion characteristics in arid and semi-arid regions to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a test device for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0005] The present invention provides a test device for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A test device for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions includes a platform plate and a water storage tank. The platform plate is disposed on one side of the water storage tank, and a sampling mechanism is provided on the platform plate.

[0007] The sampling mechanism includes a sampling tube disposed at the bottom of a platform plate. Two circular plates are integrally formed on the platform plate, and a swing plate is disposed between the two circular plates. The swing plate is connected to the two circular plates respectively via a rotating shaft. A sleeve is rotatably connected to the swing plate, and the sleeve passes through the swing plate and is rotatably connected to the swing plate. A threaded adjusting rod is disposed at the top of the sampling tube, and the threaded adjusting rod passes through the sampling tube and is threadedly connected to the sampling tube. An installation tube is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded adjusting rod, and the sampling tube extends into the interior of the installation tube and is threadedly connected to the installation tube. Two beams are disposed on the outside of the platform plate.

[0008] The water storage tank is equipped with a spraying mechanism, which includes a submersible pump and a spray head. The submersible pump is placed inside the water storage tank. A drainage frame is fixedly connected to one side of the water storage tank. A support plate is fixedly connected to the top of the beam. The spray head is located between the two support plates. A round rod is fixedly connected to the spray head. The round rod passes through the support plate and is rotatably connected to the support plate.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the number of beams can be increased or decreased according to the length of the slope to match the test requirements of slopes of different lengths. After the number of beams is selected, the beams are installed on the slope. After installation, the slope is continuously sprayed by a spraying mechanism. After the spraying is completed, the slope soil is sampled by inserting a sampling tube. This allows for the detection of water absorption in the soil at different depths. Moreover, the entire test process does not require much manual intervention, which saves manpower.

[0010] Preferably, both ends of the beam are integrally formed with mounting plates, adjacent mounting plates are fitted together and connected by bolts, one mounting plate has a fixing plate on one side, the fixing plate has a connecting plate on one side, the connecting plate extends into the inside of the fixing plate and is connected to the fixing plate by a rotating shaft, the connecting plate has an integrally formed sleeve on one side, the top of the sleeve has a first positioning rod, the first positioning rod passes through the sleeve, and one end of the first positioning rod has an integrally formed impact plate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the sleeve limits the first positioning rod, and after the first positioning rod is hammered into the ground, it provides support for the beam.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing plate penetrates the mounting plate, and the top and bottom walls of the fixing plate are slidably connected with first locking blocks. The first locking blocks extend out of the fixing plate and fit against one side of the mounting plate. The fixing plate is fixedly connected with a first spring sheet, which is fixedly connected to the first locking block.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the first reed provides an elastic force to the first locking block.

[0014] Preferably, a second positioning rod is provided at the bottom of the beam rod, a second impact plate is fixedly connected to one end of the second positioning rod, an assembly rod is fixedly connected to the top of the second impact plate, and the assembly rod extends into the interior of the beam rod and is connected to the beam rod through a rotating shaft.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the stability of the beam is further improved after the second positioning rod is inserted into the ground.

[0016] Preferably, an L-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top of the swing plate, a first motor is fixedly connected to the top of the L-shaped plate, a first gear is fixedly connected to the first motor through an output shaft, a second gear is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve, the first gear is disposed on one side of the second gear and meshes with the second gear, a limiting groove is integrally formed on the threaded adjusting rod, and the L-shaped plate extends into the limiting groove and matches the limiting groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, after the first motor starts working, the first gear rotates and drives the second gear to rotate.

[0018] Preferably, the circular plate has an arc-shaped groove, and a first threaded fixing rod is provided on both sides of the circular plate. The first threaded fixing rod passes through the arc-shaped groove and extends into the interior of the swing plate and is connected to the swing plate by threads.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, after the position of the swing plate is adjusted, the first threaded fixing rod is screwed in to fix it.

[0020] Preferably, the platform plate passes through the beam, and two sliders are slidably connected inside the platform plate. The sliders are disposed inside the beam, and a second threaded fixing rod is fixedly connected to the top of the slider. The second threaded fixing rod extends out of the beam, and a fixing ring is threadedly connected to the outside of the second threaded fixing rod. The fixing ring fits against the top of the beam.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, after the platform plate position is adjusted, a fixing ring is screwed onto the outside of the second threaded fixing rod to fix the platform plate.

[0022] Preferably, a baffle is provided at the top of the drainage frame, the baffle extends into the interior of the drainage frame and fits against the interior of the drainage frame, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the drainage frame, the limiting plate penetrates the top wall of the baffle, a square plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the drainage frame, an electric push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the square plate, and one end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the electric push rod pushes and pulls the baffle up and down after it is working.

[0024] Preferably, the submersible pump output end is fixedly connected to a pipe, the top of the spray head is fixedly connected to a connector, one end of the pipe extends into the connector and matches it, the top of the connector is fixedly connected to a plate, the outside of the pipe is integrally formed with a connecting plate, the plate passes through the connecting plate, a second locking block is slidably connected inside the plate, the second locking block extends out of the plate and fits against the top of the connecting plate, a second spring is fixedly connected inside the plate and is fixedly connected to one side of the second locking block, a limiting hole is provided on the support plate, the limiting holes are evenly distributed around the support plate, a rectangular frame is fixedly connected to the front side of the spray head, a movable plate is slidably connected inside the rectangular frame, the movable plate extends out of the rectangular frame, a limiting rod is fixedly connected to the movable plate, the limiting rod extends into one of the limiting holes and matches it, a spring is fixedly connected inside the rectangular frame, one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the movable plate.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the second spring provides an elastic force to the second locking block.

[0026] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test method for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, Equipment Setup

[0028] Select the corresponding number of beams and poles according to the length of the slope and build them. Then place the water storage tank on the top of the slope and fill the water storage tank with water. After the beams and poles are built, adjust the horizontal position of the platform plate to further adjust the sampling position of the sampling tube.

[0029] S2, Water Spray Simulation

[0030] The water inside the tank is sprayed out through the sprinkler head to simulate natural rainfall. The water is then discharged directly through the drainage box. The water flows in large quantities on the slope to simulate water erosion.

[0031] S3, Soil Sampling

[0032] After continuous slope water spraying or rinsing, sampling tubes are inserted into the slope soil to collect samples. After sampling, the soil absorbs water at different locations in the sampling tube and is analyzed.

[0033] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] A test device and method for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions is disclosed. The number of beams is adjusted according to the length of the slope to meet the test requirements of different slope lengths. After the number of beams is selected, the beams are installed on the slope. After installation, the slope is continuously sprayed by a spraying mechanism. After spraying, soil samples are taken by inserting sampling tubes. This allows for the detection of water absorption in the soil at different depths. The entire test process requires minimal manual intervention, thus saving manpower.

[0035] A test device and method for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions is disclosed. Water in a water storage tank is drawn to the position of a spray head and sprayed downwards to simulate a rainfall scenario. After the control baffle is moved up, the water inside the water storage tank can be directly discharged through the drainage frame to drain and scour the slope, simulating the scenario of water flow scouring. Based on the above steps, different scenarios can be flexibly simulated, enhancing the flexibility and functionality of the test.

[0036] A test device and method for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions is disclosed. The beam structure can be well matched with the inclination angle of different slopes. The spray head and sampling angle are adjustable, which allows for further adjustment of the spray angle and sampling angle according to the slope angle. This effectively matches the precipitation test and sampling requirements of various slopes, thus improving the applicability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the water storage tank in this invention;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the image;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the beam in this invention;

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the image;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the image;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional exploded view of the pipe and connector in this invention;

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point D in the image;

[0045] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the platform plate in this invention;

[0046] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of point E in the image;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the sampling tube and the installation tube are separated in this invention.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Platform plate; 2. Water tank; 3. Sampling mechanism; 31. Sampling tube; 32. Circular plate; 33. Swinging plate; 34. Sleeve; 35. Threaded adjusting rod; 36. Mounting pipe; 37. Beam rod; 38. Mounting plate; 39. Fixing plate; 391. Connecting plate; 392. Sleeve; 393. First positioning rod; 394. First locking block; 395. First spring; 396. Second positioning rod; 397. Second impact plate; 398. Assembly rod; 399. L-shaped plate; 381. First motor; 382. First gear; 3 83. Second gear; 384. Restricting groove; 385. First threaded fixing rod; 386. Slider; 387. Second threaded fixing rod; 388. Fixing ring; 4. Spraying mechanism; 41. Submersible pump; 42. Drainage frame; 43. Support plate; 44. Spray head; 45. Round rod; 46. Baffle; 47. Limiting rod; 48. Electric push rod; 49. Pipe; 491. Connector; 492. Insert plate; 493. Connecting plate; 494. Second locking block; 495. Second spring; 496. Rectangular frame; 497. Movable plate; 498. Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 11 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0050] This invention discloses a testing device for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions. (Refer to...) Figures 1-11 It includes a platform plate 1 and a water storage tank 2. The platform plate 1 is located on one side of the water storage tank 2, and a sampling mechanism 3 is provided on the platform plate 1.

[0051] The sampling mechanism 3 includes a sampling tube 31, which is located at the bottom of the platform plate 1. Two circular plates 32 are integrally formed on the platform plate 1. A swing plate 33 is provided between the two circular plates 32. The swing plate 33 is connected to the two circular plates 32 by a rotating shaft. A sleeve 34 is rotatably connected to the swing plate 33. The sleeve 34 passes through the swing plate 33 and is rotatably connected to the swing plate 33. A threaded adjusting rod 35 is provided at the top of the sampling tube 31. The threaded adjusting rod 35 passes through the sampling tube 31 and is threadedly connected to the sampling tube 31. An installation tube 36 is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded adjusting rod 35. The sampling tube 31 extends into the installation tube 36 and is threadedly connected to the installation tube 36. Two beams 37 are provided on the outside of the platform plate 1.

[0052] A spraying mechanism 4 is provided on the water storage tank 2. The spraying mechanism 4 includes a submersible pump 41 and a spray head 44. The submersible pump 41 is placed inside the water storage tank 2. A drainage frame 42 is fixedly connected to one side of the water storage tank 2. A support plate 43 is fixedly connected to the top of the beam 37. The spray head 44 is located between the two support plates 43.

[0053] A round rod 45 is fixedly connected to the spray head 44. The round rod 45 passes through the support plate 43 and is rotatably connected to the support plate 43. Depending on the length of the slope, the number of beams 37 can be increased or decreased to match the test requirements of different slope lengths. After the number of beams 37 is selected, the beams 37 are installed on the slope. After installation, the slope is continuously sprayed by the spraying mechanism 4. After the spraying is completed, the slope soil is inserted and sampled through the sampling tube 31. This allows for the detection of water absorption in the soil at different depths. The entire test process does not require much manual intervention, which saves manpower.

[0054] Both ends of the beam 37 are integrally formed with mounting plates 38. Two adjacent mounting plates 38 are fitted together and connected by bolts. One of the mounting plates 38 has a fixing plate 39 on one side, and a connecting plate 391 is provided on one side of the fixing plate 39. The connecting plate 391 extends into the inside of the fixing plate 39 and is connected to the fixing plate 39 through a pivot. One side of the connecting plate 391 is integrally formed with a sleeve 392. A first positioning rod 393 is provided at the top of the sleeve 392. The first positioning rod 393 passes through the sleeve 392. One end of the first positioning rod 393 is integrally formed with an impact plate. The sleeve 392 limits the first positioning rod 393. After the first positioning rod 393 is hammered into the ground, it provides support for the beam 37.

[0055] The fixing plate 39 penetrates the mounting plate 38. The top and bottom walls of the fixing plate 39 are slidably connected to the first locking block 394, which extends out of the fixing plate 39 and fits against one side of the mounting plate 38. The fixing plate 399 is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixing plate 39, and the first spring 395 is fixedly connected to the first locking block 394. The first spring 395 provides an elastic force to the first locking block 394. The bottom of the beam rod 37 is provided with a second positioning rod 396. One end of the second positioning rod 396 is fixedly connected to a second impact plate 397, and the top of the second impact plate 397 is fixedly connected to an assembly rod 398. The assembly rod 398 extends into the beam rod 37 and is connected to the beam rod 37 through a pivot. After the second positioning rod 396 is inserted into the ground, the stability of the beam rod 37 is further improved.

[0056] An L-shaped plate 399 is fixedly connected to the top of the swing plate 33. A first motor 381 is fixedly connected to the top of the L-shaped plate 399. A first gear 382 is fixedly connected to the first motor 381 through an output shaft. A second gear 383 is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve 34. The first gear 382 is located on one side of the second gear 383 and meshes with the second gear 383. A limiting groove 384 is integrally formed on the threaded adjusting rod 35. The L-shaped plate 399 extends into the limiting groove 384 and matches the limiting groove 384. After the first motor 381 works, the first gear 382 rotates and drives the second gear 383 to rotate.

[0057] An arc-shaped groove is provided on the circular plate 32. A first threaded fixing rod 385 is provided on both sides of the circular plate 32. The first threaded fixing rod 385 passes through the arc-shaped groove and extends into the swing plate 33 and is connected to the swing plate 33 by threads. After the position of the swing plate 33 is adjusted, the first threaded fixing rod 385 is screwed in to fix it. The platform plate 1 passes through the beam rod 37. Two sliders 386 are slidably connected inside the platform plate 1. The sliders 386 are set inside the beam rod 37. A second threaded fixing rod 387 is fixedly connected to the top of the sliders 386. The second threaded fixing rod 387 extends out of the beam rod 37. A fixing ring 388 is threadedly connected to the outside of the second threaded fixing rod 387. The fixing ring 388 fits against the top of the beam rod 37. After the position of the platform plate 1 is adjusted, the fixing ring 388 is screwed on the outside of the second threaded fixing rod 387 to fix the platform plate 1.

[0058] A baffle 46 is provided on the top of the drainage frame 42. The baffle 46 extends into the interior of the drainage frame 42 and fits against the interior of the drainage frame 42. A limit plate is fixedly connected to the top of the drainage frame 42. The limit plate passes through the top wall of the baffle 46. A square plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the drainage frame 42. An electric push rod 48 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the square plate. One end of the electric push rod 48 is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle 46. After the electric push rod 48 is working, it pushes and pulls the baffle 46 up and down.

[0059] A pipe 49 is fixedly connected to the output end of the submersible pump 41, and a connector 491 is fixedly connected to the top of the spray head 44. One end of the pipe 49 extends into the interior of the connector 491 and matches the connector 491. A plate 492 is fixedly connected to the top of the connector 491. A connecting plate 493 is integrally formed on the outside of the pipe 49. The plate 492 passes through the connecting plate 493. A second locking block 494 is slidably connected inside the plate 492. The second locking block 494 extends out of the outside of the plate 492 and fits against the top of the connecting plate 493. A second spring 495 is fixedly connected inside the plate 492. The second spring 495 is fixedly connected to one side of the second locking block 494.

[0060] Limiting holes are provided on the support plate 43, and the limiting holes are distributed around the support plate 43 at equal intervals. A rectangular frame 496 is fixedly connected to the front side of the spray head 44. A movable plate 497 is slidably connected inside the rectangular frame 496. The movable plate 497 extends out of the rectangular frame 496. A limiting rod 47 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 497. The limiting rod 47 extends into one of the limiting holes and matches the limiting hole. A spring 498 is fixedly connected inside the rectangular frame 496. One end of the spring 498 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 497. A second spring 495 provides an elastic force to the second locking block 494.

[0061] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test method for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1, Workpiece Placement

[0063] In actual operation, when this device is used, first connect the power supply to the device, place the water tank 2 above the slope to be tested, and then build beams 37 in the slope of this area. At this time, select the number of beams 37 according to the length of the slope. When adding beams 37, after attaching the mounting plates 38 at one end of the two beams 37 to be spliced, fix them with bolts. After the beams 37 are spliced, there is a large damping at the pivot connection between the connecting plate 391 and the fixing plate 39 and between the assembly rod 398 and the beam 37. That is, it can only swing after pushing the first positioning rod 393 and the second positioning rod 396 with force. The advantage of this method of adjustment is that the tilt angle of the beams 37 can be flexibly adjusted according to the tilt angle of the slope to make the two match.

[0064] After adjusting the angles of the first positioning rod 393 and the second positioning rod 396, the first positioning rod 393 and the second positioning rod 396 are driven into the ground by striking the first impact plate and the second impact plate 397, thereby fixing the beam rod 37. Then, one end of the pipe 49 is inserted into the plug 491. At this time, the second locking block 494 extends out of the plug plate 492 under the pushing force of the second spring 495, fixing the end of the pipe 49 onto the plug 491. Then, the movable plate 497 is pulled and the angle of the spray head 44 is swung. After the spray head 44 swings to a suitable angle, the most suitable limiting hole within this angle range is selected and stopped at the corresponding position of the limiting rod 47. Under the pulling force of the spring 498, the limiting rod 47 is inserted into the limiting hole, completing the angle adjustment of the spray head 44.

[0065] Water is then injected into the water storage tank 2. After the submersible pump 41 is activated, the water in the water storage tank 2 is extracted and sent to the spray head 44 and sprayed downwards to simulate a rainfall scenario. After the electric push rod 48 is activated, the baffle 46 can be pushed up and down. After the baffle 46 moves up, the water inside the water storage tank 2 can be directly discharged through the drainage frame 42 to drain and scour the slope, simulating the scenario of water scouring. Based on the above steps, different scenarios can be simulated flexibly, enhancing the flexibility and functionality of the experiment.

[0066] After the drainage operation is completed, the changes in the soil layer on the slope surface can be directly observed. If it is necessary to understand the changes in the deeper soil layers, the horizontal position of the platform plate 1 between the two beams 37 is adjusted to adjust the sampling position. After the position is adjusted, the fixing ring 388 is tightened on the outside of the second threaded fixing ring 388. At this time, the slider 386, the platform plate 1 and the beam 37 form a tight fit, completing the adjustment of the sampling position. After the adjustment is completed, the swing plate 33 is swung directly to adjust the sampling angle. After the angle of the swing plate 33 is adjusted, the threaded adjusting rods 35 are screwed into both ends of the swing plate 33 to fix the swing plate 33.

[0067] After the first motor 381 starts working, it drives the first gear 382 to rotate. The first gear 382 drives the second gear 383 to rotate. The second gear 383 drives the sleeve 34 to rotate. Since the L-shaped plate 399 extends into the limiting groove 384, the threaded adjusting rod 35 cannot rotate at this time. After the sleeve 34 rotates, the threaded adjusting rod 35 moves. At this time, the threaded adjusting rod 35 drives the sampling tube 31 to be inserted into the soil for sampling. After the sampling is completed, the overall water erosion resistance characteristics of the slope can be grasped according to the changes in soil water absorption at different depths.

[0068] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions, characterized in that: It includes a platform plate (1) and a water storage tank (2), the platform plate (1) is located on one side of the water storage tank (2), and a sampling mechanism (3) is provided on the platform plate (1). The sampling mechanism (3) includes a sampling tube (31), which is located at the bottom of the platform plate (1). Two circular plates (32) are integrally formed on the platform plate (1). A swing plate (33) is provided between the two circular plates (32). The swing plate (33) is connected to the two circular plates (32) respectively through a rotating shaft. A sleeve (34) is rotatably connected to the swing plate (33). The sleeve (34) passes through the swing plate (33) and is rotatably connected to the swing plate (33). A threaded adjusting rod (35) is provided at the top of the sampling tube (31). The threaded adjusting rod (35) passes through the sampling tube (31) and is threadedly connected to the sampling tube (31). An installation tube (36) is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded adjusting rod (35). The sampling tube (31) extends into the installation tube (36) and is threadedly connected to the installation tube (36). Two beams (37) are provided on the outside of the platform plate (1). The water storage tank (2) is provided with a spraying mechanism (4), which includes a submersible pump (41) and a spray head (44). The submersible pump (41) is placed inside the water storage tank (2). A drainage frame (42) is fixedly connected to one side of the water storage tank (2). A support plate (43) is fixedly connected to the top of the beam (37). The spray head (44) is located between the two support plates (43). A round rod (45) is fixedly connected to the spray head (44). The round rod (45) passes through the support plate (43) and is rotatably connected to the support plate (43). The beam (37) has an integrally formed mounting plate (38) at both ends. Two adjacent mounting plates (38) are fitted together and connected by bolts. One mounting plate (38) has a fixing plate (39) on one side. The fixing plate (39) has a connecting plate (391) on one side. The connecting plate (391) extends into the inside of the fixing plate (39) and is connected to the fixing plate (39) by a pivot. The connecting plate (391) has an integrally formed sleeve (392) on one side. The top of the sleeve (392) has a first positioning rod (393) that penetrates the sleeve (392). One end of the first positioning rod (393) has an integrally formed impact plate. The fixing plate (39) penetrates the mounting plate (38). The top and bottom walls of the fixing plate (39) are slidably connected with first locking blocks (394). The first locking blocks (394) extend out of the fixing plate (39) and are attached to one side of the mounting plate (38). The fixing plate (39) is fixedly connected with a first spring (395). The first spring (395) is fixedly connected to the first locking block (394). The bottom of the beam (37) is provided with a second positioning rod (396), one end of the second positioning rod (396) is fixedly connected to a second impact plate (397), and the top of the second impact plate (397) is fixedly connected to an assembly rod (398). The assembly rod (398) extends into the interior of the beam (37) and is connected to the beam (37) through a rotating shaft. The top of the swing plate (33) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped plate (399), and the top of the L-shaped plate (399) is fixedly connected to a first motor (381). The first motor (381) is fixedly connected to a first gear (382) through an output shaft. The outside of the sleeve (34) is fixedly connected to a second gear (383). The first gear (382) is located on one side of the second gear (383), and the first gear (382) meshes with the second gear (383). The threaded adjusting rod (35) has an integrally formed limiting groove (384). The L-shaped plate (399) extends into the limiting groove (384) and matches the limiting groove (384).

2. The test device for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular plate (32) has an arc-shaped groove, and a first threaded fixing rod (385) is provided on both sides of the circular plate (32). The first threaded fixing rod (385) passes through the arc-shaped groove and extends into the swing plate (33) and is connected to the swing plate (33) by threads.

3. The test device for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform plate (1) passes through the beam rod (37). Two sliders (386) are slidably connected inside the platform plate (1). The sliders (386) are located inside the beam rod (37). A second threaded fixing rod (387) is fixedly connected to the top of the sliders (386). The second threaded fixing rod (387) extends out of the beam rod (37). A fixing ring (388) is threadedly connected to the outside of the second threaded fixing rod (387). The fixing ring (388) fits against the top of the beam rod (37).

4. The test device for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle (46) is provided on the top of the drainage frame (42). The baffle (46) extends into the interior of the drainage frame (42) and fits against the interior of the drainage frame (42). A limiting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the drainage frame (42). The limiting plate penetrates the top wall of the baffle (46). A square plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the drainage frame (42). An electric push rod (48) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the square plate. One end of the electric push rod (48) is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle (46).

5. The test device for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submersible pump (41) is fixedly connected to a pipe (49) at its output end. A connector (491) is fixedly connected to the top of the spray head (44). One end of the pipe (49) extends into the connector (491) and matches it. A plate (492) is fixedly connected to the top of the connector (491). A connecting plate (493) is integrally formed on the outside of the pipe (49). The plate (492) penetrates the connecting plate (493). A second locking block (494) is slidably connected inside the plate (492). The second locking block (494) extends out of the plate (492) and fits against the top of the connecting plate (493). A second... A spring (495) is fixedly connected to one side of the second locking block (494). A limiting hole is opened on the support plate (43), and the limiting holes are distributed in a circumferential manner at equal intervals on the support plate (43). A rectangular frame (496) is fixedly connected to the front side of the spray head (44). A movable plate (497) is slidably connected inside the rectangular frame (496). The movable plate (497) extends out of the rectangular frame (496). A limiting rod (47) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (497). The limiting rod (47) extends into one of the limiting holes and matches the limiting hole. A spring (498) is fixedly connected inside the rectangular frame (496). One end of the spring (498) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (497).

6. A method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions, using the testing apparatus for hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid regions as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, Equipment Setup Select the corresponding number of beams (37) according to the length of the slope and build them. Then place the water tank (2) on the top of the slope and fill the water tank (2) with water. After the beams (37) are built, adjust the horizontal position of the platform plate (1) to further adjust the sampling position of the sampling tube (31). S2, Water Spray Simulation The water inside the tank is sprayed out through the sprinkler head (44) to simulate natural rainfall. The water is discharged directly through the drainage box (42). After the water flows in large quantities on the slope, the water flow scouring is simulated. S3, Soil Sampling After continuous slope water spraying or rinsing, the sampling tube (31) is inserted into the slope soil for sampling. After sampling, the soil absorbs water at different locations in the sampling tube (31) and is analyzed.

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