Perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft

Abstract

According to the perovskite solar cell packaging structure for the spacecraft and the packaging method, a light incident surface is packaged by a PI film for blocking ultraviolet rays, the upper side and the lower side are symmetrically covered with flexible thin films to form a thermal stress balance structure, and the difference of thermal expansion coefficients is ensured to be minimum by a triple cooperation mechanism of ultraviolet blocking, interface strengthening and low-temperature sealing. And high-low temperature circulation deformation can be resisted, and failures such as demolding and warping are avoided. According to the assembly, the ultraviolet blocking PI film, the first POE adhesive film, the perovskite battery piece, the second POE adhesive film and the common flexible packaging film are sequentially arranged from the light incidence face to the back electrode, the double-layer POE adhesive film and the symmetrical flexible film are combined, the ultraviolet blocking rate is larger than or equal to 99%, aging of the battery and the adhesive films is delayed, and the service life of the assembly is prolonged. The overall structure thickness is smaller than or equal to 500 micrometers, the surface density is smaller than or equal to 1.2 kg / m < 2 >, and the lightweight requirement of spacecrafts is met. A low-temperature and low-pressure laminating process is adopted in preparation, bubbles are eliminated, high-strength bonding is achieved, and the bonding strength is larger than or equal to 20 N / cm. The structure is compatible with an existing flexible assembly production line, the single-line productivity is larger than or equal to 10 MW / year, and the cost is reduced by 30%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic panel or array packaging technology under IPC classification H01L31 / 048, and in particular relates to an improved technology for a perovskite solar cell packaging structure and a packaging method for spacecraft, which is suitable for extreme environments such as outer space with severe thermal stress and strong ultraviolet radiation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of spacecraft energy technology, deep space extreme environment equipment needs to adapt to high and low temperature cycles from -95°C to 120°C and 10 times the ultraviolet intensity on Earth.

[0003] Existing packaging structures often use glass or a high-resistance film combined with POE adhesive to encapsulate cells on one side. In flexible applications, flexible packaging materials have high thermal expansion coefficients and low mechanical strength. The greater the thermal expansion coefficient difference, the more likely they are to deform under alternating high and low temperature conditions, leading to cell layer delamination, mold release, and failure. Furthermore, ultraviolet radiation on the light-incident side accelerates the aging of the packaging material, shortening its service life.

[0004] There are relatively few related patent applications disclosed, such as:

[0005] Patent application 202110194048.0 filed by Zhejiang Zhongju Materials Co., Ltd. describes a high-reflectivity solar cell backplane, comprising an outer PO layer and an inner PO layer. The raw materials for the inner PO layer include at least one of PP, LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, POE, and EVA; the raw materials for the outer PO layer include LDPE, PP, yttrium-doped zirconia, pigment additives, and antioxidants.

[0006] Patent application 201911359865.6 filed by Beijing Tianyu Aerospace New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. provides a packaging method for flexible solar cells for spacecraft, characterized in that the packaging method for flexible solar cells for spacecraft includes: covering the surface of the solar cell body component with a light-transmitting polyimide film; vacuuming the solar cell body component covered with the light-transmitting polyimide film and then heating and laminating the package to form the flexible solar cell component.

[0007] Patent application 201811479017.4 from the Shanghai Space Power Source Research Institute relates to a method for packaging warped flexible solar cell modules for stratospheric aircraft. The warped flexible thin-film solar cells are flatly adhered to a heat-peelable film according to a fabric design, and the cells are welded in series and parallel. After welding, the cell surfaces are sequentially covered with a transparent hot-melt adhesive film and then an upper surface encapsulation film, and then placed in a laminator for lamination. After lamination, the semi-encapsulated cell module is removed, the heat-peelable film removed, and the module is placed face-down. The bottom surface of the cell is sequentially covered with a hot-melt adhesive film and then a lower surface encapsulation film, and then placed in a laminator for lamination. After lamination, the module is removed, completing the packaging of the flexible thin-film solar cell module.

[0008] Patent application 202410579713.1 of the Yangtze River Delta Solar Photovoltaic Technology Innovation Center discloses a packaging film for space solar cells and a preparation method thereof. The packaging film for space solar cells includes a transparent flexible substrate and a coating structure deposited on the surface of the transparent flexible substrate; the coating structure includes a plurality of low-refractive film layers, high-refractive film layers and anti-reflective film layers, and the sum of the number of deposited layers of the low-refractive film layers, high-refractive film layers and anti-reflective film layers is greater than 3, wherein the total thickness of the low-refractive film layer is 582~639nm, the total thickness of the high-refractive film layer is 180~258nm, and the total thickness of the anti-reflective film layer is 292~330nm.

[0009] Patent application 202211494313.8 of the Shanghai Space Power Source Research Institute discloses a wide-temperature range flexible solar cell module and a preparation method, which relates to the field of spacecraft energy systems. The flexible solar cell module includes a flexible transparent packaging film, a transparent adhesive layer, a thin-film solar cell, a negative film adhesive, and a flexible circuit substrate connected in sequence; the thin-film solar cell is adhered to the flexible circuit substrate through the negative film adhesive, and the thin-film solar cell is arranged in modules, and the thin-film solar cells of adjacent modules are connected; the flexible transparent packaging film is adhered to the surface of the thin-film solar cell through a transparent adhesive layer, and a microstructure layer is provided on the side of the flexible transparent packaging film in contact with the transparent adhesive layer, and a SiOx film layer is provided on the other side.

[0010] With the rapid development of perovskite materials in the photovoltaic field, perovskite solar cells have become a key research topic in the aerospace field due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and lightweight characteristics. However, these cells have high requirements for environmental stability, especially in the severe temperature cycles and strong ultraviolet radiation in outer space. Traditional packaging methods cannot guarantee their long-term reliability.

[0011] Traditional aerospace solar cells are encapsulated with glass / metal rigid packaging, which has a load greater than 3kg / m 2 Problems such as large mass and poor thermal shock resistance. Perovskite batteries are prone to the following in extreme environments:

[0012] 1) UV irradiation causes the decomposition of organic components, and the efficiency decay is >40% / 48h;

[0013] 2) Thermal cycling stress induces interlayer delamination of the battery, with a CTE mismatch rate of >200% at -95°C;

[0014] 3) Outgassing of polymer packaging materials contaminates the optical surface;

[0015] The aforementioned prior art involves POE film encapsulation solutions, which fail to address the synergistic effect of deep space UV protection and airtightness. Therefore, a perovskite encapsulation structure that can mitigate thermal deformation and resist UV erosion is urgently needed to meet the high-stability power supply requirements of spacecraft. Summary of the Invention

[0016] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention designs a packaging method for perovskite solar cells for spacecraft and a packaging structure realized by using the packaging method. The packaging structure has strong UV blocking performance, double-sided flexible symmetrical support, and strong anti-demolding ability, thereby greatly improving the reliability and long-term stability of perovskite cells in aerospace applications, and solving the problem in the prior art that perovskite flexible cells are prone to structural deformation, interface peeling and performance degradation in high and low temperature and strong UV environments.

[0017] To this end, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft. The light incident surface of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure component is encapsulated with a PI film that blocks ultraviolet rays, and the upper and lower sides of the perovskite solar cell sheet of the component packaging structure adopt a symmetrical flexible film structure. The triple synergistic mechanism of ultraviolet blocking, interface strengthening, and low-temperature sealing is used to ensure that the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the film materials on the upper and lower sides is minimized, thereby avoiding device deformation under high and low temperature cycling conditions. From the light incident surface to the back electrode surface, the following are included in order:

[0018] a) UV blocking flexible film, comprising a 200±50nm nanolaminate of Al2O3 / SiO2, with a reflectivity of ≥99% in the 200-380nm band and a visible light transmittance of ≥85%;

[0019] b) a first layer of POE film, doped with 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of a benzotriazole UV absorber, with a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm;

[0020] c) Perovskite solar cell: transparent conductive layer, hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer and back electrode layer;

[0021] d) The second layer of POE film is hydrogenated nitrile rubber modified POE, resistant to low temperatures of -196°C, and has a thickness of 0.2mm to 0.4mm;

[0022] e) Ordinary flexible packaging film, which is a multi-layer co-extruded PET film or PI film with a thickness of 50 to 100 μm, and the surface is treated with Ar plasma to form a micro-rough structure; the roughness Ra is 0.2 to 0.5 μm.

[0023] The ultraviolet light blocking flexible film is composed of a polyimide PI substrate and an alternating stack of Al2O3 / SiO2 deposited by magnetron sputtering, with a single layer thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0024] The ultraviolet absorber in the first layer of POE film is one of UV-1, UV-571, UV-1130, UV-360 or UV-329, which forms a nano-scale dispersed phase in the POE matrix.

[0025] The amount of hydrogenated nitrile rubber added to the second layer of POE film is 3-8 wt%.

[0026] The selected perovskite battery:

[0027] Perovskite cells use standard perovskite photovoltaic cells. The cell functional layers include ultra-thin glass substrate, transparent conductive layer, hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer, and metal electrode layer.

[0028] The thickness of the ultra-thin glass substrate is 0.1mm to 0.15mm, and the material is borosilicate or quartz;

[0029] The transparent conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), with a thickness of 150 to 200 nm.

[0030] The hole transport layer is one of PTAA and NiOx. Its main function is to extract holes and quickly transport them to the electrode to reduce recombination losses. The thickness is 10nm to 40nm.

[0031] The perovskite layer is mainly composed of one of FAPbI3 (formamidine lead iodide) and FACsPbI (formamidine-cesium lead iodide perovskite), which is responsible for capturing sunlight and generating electron-hole pairs to achieve photoelectric conversion. The thickness is 400nm to 600nm.

[0032] The electron transport layer is PCBM, C 60 One of ZnO and SnO2 can efficiently extract and transmit photogenerated electrons while blocking hole backflow, thereby improving charge separation efficiency and device performance, with a thickness of 20nm to 40nm;

[0033] The metal electrode layer material includes gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al), and its main function is to collect electrons. The thickness is 100nm to 200nm.

[0034] Furthermore, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also proposes a perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) stacking the layers of materials in order in an atmospheric environment; assembling the package structure by stacking the layers of materials in order in an atmospheric environment, and then performing a lamination process of the package structure: vacuum degree ≤ 10-3Pa, temperature 110±5℃, to avoid thermal decomposition of perovskite;

[0036] (2) Vacuum hot pressing: vacuum degree ≤ 10-3Pa, temperature 110-115℃, pressure -40kPa to -70kPa, time 20min to 25min;

[0037] (3) Edge glue removal: Use ultraviolet laser with a wavelength of 355nm and a pulse energy of 2 to 5mJ for laser scanning; or use a scalpel to cut along the edge of the battery to remove the glue overflow at the edge.

[0038] In particular, the laser scanning path is cutting along the edge line of the ultra-thin glass substrate.

[0039] In particular, the assembly of the package structure includes;

[0040] 1) Cutting the POE film into two thin film sheets of the same size as the perovskite cell according to the size of the cell; the two POE films are sized to cover the front and back of the cell respectively; one POE film in the packaging structure is arranged on the metal electrode layer, and the other is arranged on the light incident surface or the front surface of the cell;

[0041] 2) Cutting the flexible film into two thin film sheets corresponding to the size of the perovskite cell, one corresponding to the front and the other corresponding to the back of the cell; the two flexible films in the packaging structure are respectively arranged on the corresponding POE films;

[0042] 3) Overall assembly of the packaging structure: The flexible film, perovskite cell and POE film are assembled as a whole to form a "UV blocking flexible film-first layer POE film-perovskite cell-second layer POE film-ordinary flexible film" structure, wherein the UV blocking flexible film is located on the front of the perovskite cell and the first layer POE film is located between the two; similarly, the ordinary flexible film is located on the back of the perovskite cell and the second layer POE film is located between the two;

[0043] 4) Overall bonding of the packaging structure: Use a laminator to bond the packaging structure to melt and solidify the POE film to ensure that the flexible film and the battery cell are tightly bonded.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. Effectively blocks UV aging and protects cells: A double-layer POE adhesive film and symmetrical flexible film combine to achieve a UV light blocking rate of ≥99%. A UV-blocking film is applied on the light-incident side to delay aging of the perovskite layer and POE, extending module life. A transparent polyimide film applied to the surface allows the flexible solar cell to absorb light energy while protecting the cell from damage due to environmental issues in special space environments.

[0046] 2. The symmetrical thermal expansion design of the packaging layer structure has excellent thermal stress balance, ensuring that the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the upper and lower film materials is minimal. This can effectively reduce the stress caused by temperature changes, avoid peeling or deformation of the packaging structure due to thermal stress, and thus eliminate warping problems.

[0047] 3. Lightweight and flexible, overall structure thickness ≤500μm, surface density ≤1.2kg / m 2 , adapted to the lightweight requirements of spacecraft. Strong adaptability: The overall structure is thin, light and flexible, adapted to the stringent requirements of lightweight and high specific power of spacecraft.

[0048] 4. Achieve high-strength bonding: A low-temperature, low-pressure lamination process is used during preparation to eliminate bubbles and achieve high-strength bonding, with a bond strength of ≥20N / cm. This achieves bubble-free, high-strength bonding between transparent encapsulation materials and battery components, promoting the application of flexible thin-film rigid solar cells in space engineering.

[0049] 5. Strong manufacturing process compatibility, improving performance and reducing costs: The encapsulation film is a lightweight, flexible film with excellent UV resistance and light transmittance, which can reduce spacecraft costs and improve the conversion efficiency and operating efficiency of space solar arrays. This structure is compatible with existing flexible module production lines, with a single-line production capacity of ≥10MW / year and a 30% cost reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The following drawings are for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. By referring to the following drawings, readers will understand the embodiments of the present invention and further appreciate the advantages and technical features of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the perovskite cell packaging structure in the present invention, showing the layout of the flexible film layer, POE layer, and perovskite cell from the light incident surface to the back electrode surface.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a test chart of the UV blocking performance of the perovskite cell packaging structure in the present invention. It shows the UV shielding effect and transmittance of the PI UV blocking flexible film.

[0053] Figure 3This is a comparison chart of sample efficiency changes after high and low temperature alternating tests, showing a comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention and a single-sided packaging structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] It should be noted that:

[0055] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof are intended to cover other possible options that fall under the same logic. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus. Terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicate positions or locations based on the positions or locations shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or locations in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate description and simplify the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "overhanging" do not necessarily require that a component be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather may be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. The terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can mean fixed, removable, or integral; mechanical or electrical; direct or indirect through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. In the event of a conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0057] In this paper, in response to the extreme challenges faced by spacecraft in deep space environments, such as -95°C to 120°C high and low temperature cycles and strong ultraviolet radiation about 10 times that of the Earth's surface, research has found that the packaging solution designed for perovskite solar cells needs to focus on solving three core issues: thermal stress, ultraviolet degradation, and airtightness:

[0058] Especially for the multi-layer composite flexible hermetic package core packaging solution, the present invention also conducted a comparative study on the selection of substrate and packaging materials:

[0059] The research found that the present invention needs to propose a perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method suitable for spacecraft. The packaging structure includes, from the light incident surface to the back electrode surface, a UV blocking flexible film, a first layer of POE adhesive film, a perovskite solar cell sheet, a second layer of POE adhesive film and an ordinary flexible packaging film.

[0060] The present invention introduces upper and lower dual flexible symmetrical packaging and an incident side UV blocking film, which can effectively alleviate the structural deformation and UV aging problems caused by thermal stress, improve component reliability and service life, and is particularly suitable for spacecraft power systems such as satellites, space stations, and deep space probes.

[0061] POE is widely used in the manufacture of films for photovoltaic module packaging. This film is located between the module's tempered glass / backsheet and the solar cells, playing an important role in packaging and protection.

[0062] The most critical aspect of heat and humidity resistance design is the replacement of a dual-POE film design. At high temperatures, the volume resistivity of POE film is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of EVA film. Furthermore, due to the saturated structure of the POE macromolecular chain and the relatively low number of tertiary carbon atoms in the molecular structure, it exhibits superior heat aging and UV resistance.

[0063] POE film, made primarily from polyolefin elastomers, is used in photovoltaic module encapsulation and other applications. Its excellent flexibility allows it to adapt to the encapsulation requirements of photovoltaic cells of varying shapes, effectively protecting the cells and improving photovoltaic conversion efficiency. EVA and POE resins, key raw materials for encapsulation films, are both synthesized through the copolymerization of ethylene with specific monomers. EVA resin primarily consists of ethylene and vinyl acetate, while POE resin is a random copolymer elastomer formed through coordination polymerization of ethylene with higher-carbon α-olefins. Due to POE's low cohesive energy, its apparent viscosity is similar in temperature sensitivity to that of polyolefin resins. Therefore, when blended with polyolefin resins, it produces smaller particle sizes and a more concentrated particle size distribution, significantly enhancing the material's toughening and impact resistance. POE has been proven to be an excellent toughening agent for PP plastics. In PP / POE blends, POE forms a "sea-island" structure within the PP continuous phase, effectively enhancing the impact strength of PP from low to ambient temperatures.

[0064] The "sea-island" structure refers to the microstructure formed when one polymer is uniformly distributed in the form of a dispersed phase or island phase in another polymer continuous phase or sea phase in a polymer blend. In this structure, PP, as the continuous phase, provides the main framework and strength of the material, while POE, as the dispersed phase, gives the material better flexibility and elasticity. This "sea-island" structure helps to improve the impact strength, flexibility and processing performance of PP materials, especially in the low to room temperature range. Therefore, in the PP / POE blend system, by adjusting the POE content and dispersion state, composite materials with different properties can be prepared to meet various application requirements.

[0065] Currently, direct modification of PP with POE has become its core market application, primarily in the production of automotive parts, appliance housings, and face masks. Furthermore, direct modification of PE with POE is also widely used in the manufacture of waterproof membranes and pipes. POE-grafted materials are primarily used to toughen PA and polyester polymers. This modification method can further enhance the toughness of these polymers, thereby broadening their application range. As a non-polar elastomer, POE is an effective way to enhance the impact performance of linear polymers such as PA and PT when blended with them. However, non-polar POE has poor compatibility with highly polar PA and PT, easily leading to phase separation. To address this issue, polar monomers are often grafted onto the POE molecular chain to improve its compatibility with these polymers. POE grafted with polar monomers primarily comes in two forms: MAH-grafted POE and GMA-grafted POE. These two grafted modifications offer improved compatibility with linear polymers such as PA and PT, thereby enhancing their impact performance.

[0066] The present invention conducts research on enhanced design for resistance to extreme environments;

[0067] UV accelerated aging test: passed 1.5W / m 2 @340nm xenon lamp continuous irradiation for 1000 hours, equivalent to 5 years in Earth orbit, the efficiency decay is controlled within 8%;

[0068] Thermal cycle verification: According to ECSS-Q-ST-70-04C standard, -95℃←→+100℃ cycle 1000 times, no cracking of the package structure;

[0069] Radiation hardening: 0.5wt% cerium oxide (CeO2) is added to the PI layer to improve the radiation tolerance of 100keV high-energy protons by 50%.

[0070] The present invention has found that the performance difference before and after structural encapsulation is obvious: parameter Unpackaged batteries Packaged battery Improvement effect Efficiency retention rate Failure after 100 cycles 1000 cycles >90% Lifespan increased 10 times UV attenuation rate 40% drop in 48 hours 1000 hours down 7.2% Stability improved 10 times Area density ---- <![CDATA[1.2kg / m 2 ]]> 60% lighter than silicone-based Operating temperature range -20～85℃ -95～100℃ Extended 70℃

[0071] The present invention achieves 1.2kg / m 2 Combining lightweight with a long lifespan of >8 years.

[0072] The packaging structure of the present invention specifically includes, from the light incident surface to the back electrode, the following:

[0073] Ultraviolet blocking flexible film: containing 200±50nm nano-laminate of Al2O3 / SiO2, UV-C reflectivity ≥99% (200-280nm), visible light transmittance ≥85%; ultraviolet blocking flexible film may be referred to as PI flexible film or PI film hereinafter.

[0074] The first layer of POE film: modified POE film, adding 0.1-0.5wt% benzotriazole UV absorber, thickness 0.2mm-0.4mm;

[0075] Perovskite solar cell: contains transparent conductive layer, hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer and back electrode layer;

[0076] The second layer of POE film: hydrogenated nitrile rubber modified POE, low temperature resistant to -196℃, thickness 0.2mm~0.4mm;

[0077] Ordinary flexible packaging film: Ordinary flexible packaging film is a multi-layer co-extruded PET film or PI film with a thickness of 50 to 100 μm. The surface is treated with Ar plasma to form a micro-rough structure; the roughness Ra is 0.2 to 0.5 μm.

[0078] The key packaging processes in the present invention include:

[0079] Vacuum lamination packaging: In a vacuum environment of 10-3Pa, the layers are compounded using a low-temperature hot pressing process of less than 120°C to avoid decomposition of the perovskite;

[0080] Laser cutting edge glue overflow: Use 355nm ultraviolet pulse laser to cut the edge of the battery and remove the edge glue overflow.

[0081] In the present invention, the implementation steps include:

[0082] Step 1: Material selection and preparation;

[0083] 1) Select flexible film materials: Choose a flexible film suitable for perovskite cell encapsulation. The light incident surface or front surface uses a flexible film with UV shielding properties. The material selected should have a good light transmittance of >85% and can effectively shield the 200-400nm UV band. Film materials such as polyimide (PI), PVDF composite film or other high-performance optical films. On the back electrode surface or negative side, ordinary flexible films such as polyester film (PET) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film can be used, or the same material as the light incident surface can be used. These flexible materials need to have not only high thermal stability but also a low thermal expansion coefficient. The same or similar thermal expansion coefficients of the upper and lower materials can offset deformation under high and low temperature deformation.

[0084] The thickness of the UV blocking film is similar to that of the ordinary flexible film on the back, which is 50 to 150 μm, to achieve a symmetrical balance of thermal expansion stress and maintain the stability of the battery packaging structure. The specific thickness and size are adjusted according to the packaging requirements.

[0085] 2) Choose POE (polyolefin elastomer) material: POE films are applied to the top and bottom of the cell. The POE film not only serves as an adhesive layer but also provides a buffer, preventing mechanical stress caused by temperature fluctuations from directly impacting the cell, potentially leading to breakage or delamination. Furthermore, POE's high elastic modulus effectively resists deformation of the flexible film in high or low temperature environments, ensuring the mechanical strength of the entire package structure.

[0086] The thickness of the selected POE film is generally 0.2mm to 0.4mm, and the specific thickness and size are adjusted according to the packaging requirements.

[0087] 3) Selecting a perovskite cell: Perovskite cells use standard perovskite photovoltaic cells. The cell's functional layers include an ultra-thin glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode layer. Before packaging, the cells undergo pre-processing, including laser or mechanical trimming to remove excess electrode edges and surface dust removal. The cell size can be selected based on actual needs.

[0088] The thickness of the ultra-thin glass substrate is 0.1mm to 0.15mm and the material is borosilicate or quartz.

[0089] The transparent conductive layer is indium tin oxide ITO or fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO, and its thickness is generally 150 to 200 nm.

[0090] The hole transport layer is one of PTAA and NiOx. Its main function is to extract holes and quickly transport them to the electrode to reduce recombination losses. The thickness is 10nm to 40nm.

[0091] The main component of the perovskite layer is one of FAPbI3 (formamidinium lead iodide) and FACsPbI (formamidinium-cesium lead iodide perovskite), which is responsible for capturing sunlight and generating electron-hole pairs to achieve photoelectric conversion. The thickness is 400nm to 600nm.

[0092] The electron transport layer is PCBM, C 60 One of ZnO and SnO2 can efficiently extract and transmit photogenerated electrons while blocking hole backflow, thereby improving charge separation efficiency and device performance, with a thickness of 20nm to 40nm;

[0093] The metal electrode layer material includes gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al), and its main function is to collect electrons. The thickness is 100nm to 200nm.

[0094] Step 2: Assembly of packaging structure;

[0095] 1) Cutting the POE film: Based on the size of the perovskite cell, cut the POE film into two sheets of the same size as the cell. The two sheets are sized to cover the front and back of the cell, respectively. In the packaging structure, one POE sheet is placed on the metal electrode layer, and the other is placed on the light-incident or front surface of the cell.

[0096] 2) Cutting the flexible film: Based on the size of the perovskite cell, the flexible film is cut into two sheets corresponding to the cell size, one for the front and one for the back of the cell. The two flexible films in the packaging structure are respectively placed on the corresponding POE films.

[0097] 3) Overall assembly of the packaging structure: The flexible film, perovskite cell, and POE film are assembled into a single package to form a "UV-blocking flexible film - first layer of POE film - perovskite cell - second layer of POE film - conventional flexible film" structure. The UV-blocking flexible film is located on the front of the perovskite cell, with the first layer of POE film located between them. Similarly, the conventional flexible film is located on the back of the perovskite cell, with the second layer of POE film located between them.

[0098] 4) Overall bonding of the packaging structure: Use a laminator to bond the packaging structure to melt and solidify the POE film to ensure that the flexible film and the battery cell are tightly bonded. The lamination pressure is -40kPa to -70kPa, the temperature is 110°C to 115°C, and the pressing time is 20min to 25min.

[0099] Test results show that after 500 thermal cycle tests from -95°C to +100°C, the upper and lower double-layer flexible packaging structures used in the present invention have no obvious delamination, warping or performance degradation, and the power loss is less than 10%, which is significantly better than the single-layer flexible packaging structure used in the comparison example, verifying its reliability under aerospace conditions.

[0100] In this invention, the thermal expansion coefficients of different packaging film layer materials in the packaging structure were tested. The inconsistency of thermal expansion coefficients between different material layers in the packaging structure is the fundamental cause of warping. The greater the difference in thermal expansion coefficients, the stronger the internal stress generated during temperature changes, and the more likely it is to cause deformation. Table 1:

[0101] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0102] Example 1: A 50×50 mm sized perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for aerospace applications.

[0103] This example proposes a packaging solution that uses a UV-blocking film and POE film in synergy. The UV-blocking film is applied to the front of the battery to prevent UV rays from directly irradiating the battery's light-absorbing layer, while the POE film acts as a buffer on both sides of the battery, ensuring that the battery is not easily damaged by mechanical stress in high or low temperature environments.

[0104] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the perovskite battery packaging structure used in the present invention, showing the layout of the flexible film layer, POE layer and perovskite battery from the light incident surface to the back electrode surface. This embodiment adopts the "polyimide (PI) flexible film-first layer POE adhesive film-perovskite battery-second layer POE adhesive film-PI polyimide flexible film" structure.

[0105] Step 1: Material selection and preparation;

[0106] 1) Select flexible film material:

[0107] like Figure 2 As shown, the UV blocking performance of polyimide (PI) film was tested to demonstrate the UV shielding effect and transmittance of the PI UV blocking flexible film. The transmittance was >85%, the UV cutoff wavelength was <400nm, and the polyimide (PI) film was used as the light incident surface or front surface and the back electrode surface or negative surface of the flexible film material with a thickness of 50μm.

[0108] 2) Select polyolefin elastomer POE material:

[0109] A POE film with a thickness of 0.2 mm is selected as the buffer layer and adhesive layer on the light incident surface or the front and back electrode surfaces or the negative side to avoid battery damage caused by thermal stress.

[0110] 3) Choose perovskite cells:

[0111] The standard perovskite photovoltaic cell structure is used, with the cell's functional layers comprising an ultra-thin glass substrate, ITO, NiO, FACsPbI light absorption layer, PCBM, and Cu metal electrode layer. Prior to packaging, the cell undergoes pre-treatment, including laser removal of excess electrodes at the edges and surface dust removal.

[0112] The ultra-thin glass substrate is 0.1 mm thick, 50×50 mm in size, and is made of borosilicate.

[0113] The thickness of indium tin oxide (ITO) is 150 nm.

[0114] The thickness of NiO is 10 nm.

[0115] The thickness of FACsPbI is 400 nm.

[0116] The PCBM thickness is 20 nm.

[0117] The Cu thickness is 100 nm.

[0118] Step 2: Assembly of packaging structure;

[0119] 1) Cutting POE film:

[0120] Based on the size of the perovskite cell, the POE film is cut into two 50×50 mm sheets of the same size as the cell, with the two POE films sized to cover the front and back of the cell, respectively. In the package structure, one POE sheet is placed on the metal electrode layer, and the other on the light-incident or front surface of the cell.

[0121] 2) Cutting PI film:

[0122] According to the size of the perovskite cell, the PI is cut into two 50×50mm thin film sheets of the same size as the cell, corresponding to the front and back of the cell respectively. The two flexible films in the packaging structure are respectively placed on the corresponding POE films.

[0123] 3) Overall assembly of the packaging structure:

[0124] The PI film, perovskite cell, and POE film are assembled into a structure of "PI UV-blocking flexible film - first layer of POE film - perovskite cell - second layer of POE film - PI flexible film." The PI UV-blocking flexible film is located on the front of the perovskite cell, with the first layer of POE film located between them. Similarly, the PI flexible film is located on the back of the perovskite cell, with the second layer of POE film located between them.

[0125] 4) Overall bonding of the packaging structure:

[0126] The packaging structure is bonded using a laminator to melt and solidify the POE film to ensure that the PI film and the battery cell are tightly bonded. The lamination pressure is -40 kPa, the temperature is 110° C., and the pressing time is 20 min.

[0127] In this embodiment, the first layer of POE film is doped with 0.1-0.5wt% of a benzotriazole UV absorber. Benzotriazole UV absorbers can strongly absorb ultraviolet light in the range of 270-400nm and almost do not absorb visible light. Therefore, they have significant advantages in protecting materials from ultraviolet damage. Commonly used benzotriazole UV absorbers include UV-P, UV-326, UV-327, and UV-531; however, UV-326 / UV-327 are included in the list of substances of very high concern (SVHC) by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). This means that in the EU market, if a product contains a concentration of UV-326 exceeding 0.1%, the manufacturer or importer needs to fulfill the notification and reporting obligations stipulated in the REACH regulations. In addition, UV-326 / UV-327 are listed as SVHCs mainly because of the potential risks they may pose to the environment and human health. UV-P, composed of 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, has a melting point of 128-130°C and strongly absorbs ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 270-340nm. It is primarily used in resins such as polyester, chlorinated polyester, acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, plexiglass, and polyacrylonitrile.

[0128] Optional green and environmentally friendly UV absorbers include:

[0129] UV-1 (2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-amylphenol) is a liquid formamidine UV absorber with the lightest color. It is suitable for transparent systems such as epoxy varnishes, UV-resistant and yellowing-resistant jewelry, crystal adhesives, epoxy AB adhesives, and polyurethane varnishes. It effectively absorbs UV light in the 240-350nm wavelength range, with a maximum absorption peak at 308nm. It almost completely absorbs UV light in the 300-330nm range, while polyurethane is susceptible to degradation due to radiation in this wavelength range.

[0130] UV-571 (2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol) is a liquid benzotriazole UV absorber that absorbs UV light in the 300-400nm range with a peak absorption at 303-345nm. It exhibits good compatibility, low volatility, and high absorption properties in a variety of polymers.

[0131] UV-1130 (2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole) is a liquid benzotriazole UV absorber that exhibits high-temperature resistance, anti-extraction properties, and easy emulsification. It is suitable for industrial coatings, automotive coatings, and water-based systems requiring high weatherability. It effectively inhibits cracking, blistering, gloss loss, and discoloration in coatings. It can also be used on light-sensitive materials such as wood and plastics. In toluene solution, the maximum absorption wavelength in the UV range is 346nm.

[0132] UV-360 (2,2'-methylenebis[6-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-tert-octylphenol]) offers excellent performance, primarily absorbing ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 300-400 nm, with an absorption peak at 353 nm. Its chemical name is 2,2'-methylenebis(4-tert-octyl-6-benzotriazolephenol), its molecular formula is C₄₁₁₅₀N₆₂O₂, and its CAS number is 103597-45-1.

[0133] UV-329 (2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole) is a benzotriazole UV absorber that absorbs UV light at 270-380 nanometers, with a peak absorption at 345 nanometers. It is non-staining, low-volatility, easily dispersible, has low migration, good thermal stability, and high absorption efficiency. It is suitable for polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, ABS resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, cellulose resin, ethylene vinyl acetate, and polymethyl methacrylate, and is particularly suitable for colorless and light-colored products. The typical dosage is 0.1-0.5%.

[0134] In the present invention, preferably, the ultraviolet absorber is UV-1.

[0135] Reference Attachment Figure 1The comparison chart of sample efficiency changes after high and low temperature alternating tests shows the comparative data of the embodiment of the present invention and the single-sided packaging structure. The test results show that after 500 times of thermal cycle testing at 95°C ~ +100°C, the upper and lower double-layer flexible packaging structure adopted in this embodiment has no obvious delamination, warping or performance degradation, and the power loss is less than 10%, which is significantly better than the single-layer flexible packaging structure adopted in the comparison example. However, in aerospace applications, ultraviolet radiation is strong and the temperature difference is extremely large. Traditional packaging cannot meet these harsh environmental requirements. The battery prepared in this embodiment introduces a design of ultraviolet blocking film and double-sided POE film, which solves the problem of accelerated aging of perovskite batteries in an environment with strong ultraviolet rays in the prior art, and at the same time improves the mechanical strength and stability of the package through the POE film.

[0136] Example 2: This example proposes a double-sided flexible symmetrical packaging structure, using a UV blocking film and a common flexible packaging film of the same thickness to achieve a symmetrical balance of thermal stress and reduce package cracking caused by thermal expansion coefficient mismatch.

[0137] Reference Attachment Figure 1 , showing the layout of the flexible film layer, POE layer and perovskite cell on the light incident surface and the back electrode surface. This embodiment adopts the "polyimide (PI) flexible film-first layer POE adhesive film-perovskite cell-second layer POE adhesive film-polyester film (PET) flexible film" structure.

[0138] Step 1: Material selection and preparation;

[0139] 1) Flexible Film Material Selection: Polyimide (PI) film with a transmittance >85% and a UV cutoff wavelength <400nm was selected as the flexible film material for the light incident surface, or front surface, and polyester (PET) film was selected as the flexible film material for the back electrode surface, or negative electrode. The thickness of both PI and PET was 50μm to ensure a balanced coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).

[0140] 2) Select polyolefin elastomer POE material: Select POE film with a thickness of 0.2mm as the buffer layer and adhesive layer on the light incident surface or the front and back electrode surface or the negative side to ensure the symmetry of the upper and lower packaging materials and reduce structural deformation caused by thermal stress.

[0141] 3) Selecting perovskite cells: Using a standard perovskite photovoltaic cell structure, the cell's functional layers include an ultra-thin glass substrate, ITO, NiO, FACsPbI light absorption layer, PCBM, and a Cu metal electrode layer. Before packaging, the cells undergo pre-treatment, including laser edge removal of excess electrodes and surface dust removal.

[0142] The ultra-thin glass substrate is 0.1 mm thick, 50×50 mm in size, and is made of borosilicate.

[0143] The thickness of indium tin oxide (ITO) is 150 nm.

[0144] The thickness of NiO is 10 nm.

[0145] The thickness of FACsPbI is 400 nm.

[0146] The PCBM thickness is 20 nm.

[0147] The Cu thickness is 100 nm.

[0148] Step 2: Assembly of packaging structure;

[0149] 1) Cutting the POE film: Based on the size of the perovskite cell, cut the POE into two 50×50 mm sheets of film, each sized to cover the front and back of the cell. In the package structure, one POE sheet is placed on the metal electrode layer, and the other on the light-incident or front surface of the cell.

[0150] 2) Cutting the PI and PET films: Based on the size of the perovskite cell, cut the PI and PET films into 50×50 mm sheets, respectively, to match the cell dimensions. Ensure that the PI film is large enough to completely cover the front of the cell, and the PET film is large enough to completely cover the back of the cell. The PI and PET films in the packaging structure are placed on the corresponding POE films.

[0151] Refer to the thermal expansion coefficients of different materials in Table 1. The symmetrical thermal expansion design of the encapsulation layer minimizes the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the upper and lower film materials. This effectively reduces stress caused by temperature changes and prevents peeling or deformation of the encapsulation structure due to thermal stress.

[0152] 3) Overall assembly of the packaging structure: The PI UV-blocking film, PET flexible film, perovskite cell, and POE film are assembled to form a "PI UV-blocking flexible film - first layer of POE film - perovskite cell - second layer of POE film - PET flexible film" structure. The PI is located on the front of the perovskite cell, with the first layer of POE film located between them. Similarly, the PET is located on the back of the perovskite cell, with the second layer of POE film located between them.

[0153] 4) Overall Bonding of the Package Structure: The package structure is bonded using a laminator, allowing the POE film to melt and solidify, ensuring a tight bond between the PI film and the cell, ensuring thermal expansion stress balance, and preventing package material failure. The lamination process is performed at a pressure of -50 kPa, a temperature of 115°C, and a pressing time of 22 minutes.

[0154] This embodiment avoids packaging film tearing or battery deformation caused by inconsistent thermal expansion through a symmetrical packaging structure design, greatly improving the stability and durability of perovskite batteries in a space environment.

[0155] Example 3: This example proposes a multi-layer POE film buffer packaging structure, which forms a buffer layer by thickening the POE film on the upper and lower sides of the perovskite cell to reduce the mechanical stress caused by temperature changes.

[0156] Reference Attachment Figure 1 , showing the layout of the flexible film layer, POE layer and perovskite cell on the light incident surface and the back electrode surface. This embodiment adopts the "polyimide (PI) flexible film-first layer POE adhesive film-perovskite cell-second layer POE adhesive film-polyimide (PI) flexible film" structure.

[0157] Step 1: Material selection and preparation;

[0158] 1) Selection of flexible film material: Select polyimide (PI) film with a transmittance of >85% and a UV cutoff band of <400nm as the flexible film material for the light incident surface or the front surface and the back electrode surface or the negative surface, with a thickness of 50μm to ensure the balance of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).

[0159] 2) Select polyolefin elastomer POE material: Select POE film with a thickness of 0.4mm as the buffer layer and adhesive layer on the light incident surface or the front and back electrode surfaces or the negative side. The increase in thickness can enhance the buffering effect and avoid battery rupture or performance degradation due to external temperature changes.

[0160] 3) Selecting perovskite cells: Using a standard perovskite photovoltaic cell structure, the cell's functional layers include an ultra-thin glass substrate, ITO, NiO, FACsPbI light absorption layer, PCBM, and a Cu metal electrode layer. Before packaging, the cells undergo pre-treatment, including laser edge removal of excess electrodes and surface dust removal.

[0161] The ultra-thin glass substrate is 0.1 mm thick, 50×50 mm in size, and is made of borosilicate.

[0162] The thickness of indium tin oxide (ITO) is 150 nm.

[0163] The thickness of NiO is 10 nm.

[0164] The thickness of FACsPbI is 400 nm.

[0165] The PCBM thickness is 20 nm.

[0166] The Cu thickness is 100 nm.

[0167] Step 2: Assembly of packaging structure;

[0168] 1) Cutting the POE film: Based on the size of the perovskite cell, cut the POE into two 50×50 mm sheets of film, each sized to cover the front and back of the cell. In the package structure, one POE sheet is placed on the metal electrode layer, and the other on the light-incident or front surface of the cell.

[0169] 2) Cutting the PI film: Based on the size of the perovskite cell, cut the PI film into two 50×50 mm sheets of the same size as the cell, ensuring that the PI film is large enough to completely cover the front and back of the cell. The PI films in the packaging structure are respectively placed on the corresponding POE films.

[0170] 3) Overall assembly of the packaging structure: The PI film, perovskite cell, and POE film are assembled to form a "PI UV-blocking flexible film - first layer of POE film - perovskite cell - second layer of POE film - PI flexible film" structure. The PI UV-blocking flexible film is located on the front of the perovskite cell, with the first layer of POE film located between them. Similarly, the PI flexible film is located on the back of the perovskite cell, with the second layer of POE film located between them.

[0171] 4) Overall Bonding of the Package Structure: The package structure is bonded using a laminator, allowing the POE film to melt and solidify, ensuring a tight bond between the PI film and the cell, ensuring thermal expansion stress balance, and preventing package material failure. The lamination process is performed at a pressure of -50 kPa, a temperature of 115°C, and a pressing time of 22 minutes.

[0172] Reference Attachment Figure 3 After 500 cycles of thermal cycling tests at 95°C to +100°C, this example proves that the POE film can effectively alleviate the mechanical stress of the battery caused by temperature differences, ensuring that the perovskite battery can still maintain good structural stability and electrical performance in high and low temperature environments. It is especially suitable for aerospace equipment that operates in extreme environments for a long time.

[0173] Example 4; in Example 3, in particular:

[0174] Overall assembly of the packaging structure: The PI polyimide flexible film, perovskite battery and POE film are assembled as a whole to form a "PI polyimide UV blocking flexible film-first layer of POE film-perovskite battery-second layer of POE film-PI polyimide flexible film" structure. A laminator is used to bond the packaging structure to melt and solidify the POE film, ensuring that the PI polyimide flexible film and the battery cell are tightly bonded, ensuring thermal expansion stress balance, and avoiding failure of the packaging material.

[0175] Based on the above embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft, characterized in that: The light incident surface of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure is encapsulated with a PI film that blocks ultraviolet rays. The upper and lower sides of the perovskite solar cell of the module packaging structure adopt a symmetrical flexible film structure. The triple synergistic mechanism of ultraviolet blocking, interface strengthening and low-temperature sealing ensures that the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the upper and lower film materials is minimized, avoiding device deformation under high and low temperature cycling conditions. From the light incident surface to the back electrode surface, it includes: a) UV blocking flexible film, comprising a 200±50nm nanolaminate of Al2O3 / SiO2, with a reflectivity of ≥99% in the 200-380nm band and a visible light transmittance of ≥85%; b) a first layer of POE film, doped with 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of a benzotriazole UV absorber, with a film thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm; c) a perovskite solar cell comprising a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a back electrode layer; d) The second layer of POE film is hydrogenated nitrile rubber modified POE, resistant to low temperatures of -196°C, and has a thickness of 0.2mm to 0.4mm; e) Ordinary flexible packaging film, which is a multi-layer co-extruded PET film or PI film with a thickness of 50 to 100 μm, and the surface is treated with Ar plasma to form a micro-rough structure; the roughness Ra is 0.2 to 0.5 μm.

2. A perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultraviolet light blocking flexible film is composed of a polyimide PI substrate and an alternating stack of Al2O3 / SiO2 deposited by magnetron sputtering, with a single layer thickness of 0.05 mm.

3. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultraviolet absorber in the first layer of POE film is one of UV-1, UV-571, UV-1130, UV-360 or UV-329, which forms a nano-scale dispersed phase in the POE matrix.

4. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of hydrogenated nitrile rubber added to the second layer of POE film is 3-8 wt%.

5. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Select perovskite cells: Perovskite cells use standard perovskite photovoltaic cells, and the cell functional layers include ultra-thin glass substrate, transparent conductive layer, hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer, and metal electrode layer.

6. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Stack the layers of materials in order in the atmospheric environment to assemble the package structure, and then perform the lamination process of the package structure: vacuum degree ≤10- 3 Pa, temperature 110 ± 5 ° C, to avoid thermal decomposition of perovskite; (2) Vacuum hot pressing: vacuum degree ≤10- 3 Pa, temperature 110~115℃, pressure -40kPa~-70kPa, time 20min~25min; (3) Edge glue removal: Use ultraviolet laser with a wavelength of 355nm and a pulse energy of 2 to 5mJ for laser scanning; or use a scalpel to cut along the edge of the battery to remove the glue overflow at the edge.

7. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the ultra-thin glass substrate is 0.1mm to 0.15mm, and the material is borosilicate or quartz.

8. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transparent conductive layer is indium tin oxide ITO or fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO, and has a thickness of 150 to 200 nm.

9. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hole transport layer is one of PTAA and NiOx. Its main function is to extract holes and quickly transport them to the electrode to reduce recombination losses. The thickness is 10nm to 40nm.

10. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main component of the perovskite layer is one of FAPbI3 (formamidinium lead iodide) and FACsPbI (formamidinium-cesium lead iodide perovskite), which is responsible for capturing sunlight and generating electron-hole pairs to achieve photoelectric conversion. The thickness is 400nm to 600nm.

11. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method for spacecraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electron transport layer is PCBM, C 60 One of ZnO, SnO2, which efficiently extracts and transmits photogenerated electrons while blocking the backflow of holes, thereby improving the charge separation efficiency and device performance. The thickness is 20nm to 40nm.

12. The spacecraft perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The metal electrode layer material includes gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al), and its main function is to collect electrons. The thickness is 100nm to 200nm.

13. The spacecraft perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The laser scanning path is cutting along the edge of the ultra-thin glass substrate.

14. The spacecraft perovskite solar cell packaging structure and packaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The assembly steps of the package structure include: 1) Cut the POE film into two pieces of film with the same size as the perovskite cell according to the size of the cell; the two pieces of POE film are sized to cover the front and back of the cell respectively; One piece of POE in the packaging structure is arranged on the metal electrode layer, and the other piece is arranged on the light incident surface or the front surface of the cell; 2) Cutting the flexible film into two pieces of film corresponding to the size of the perovskite cell, one for the front and the other for the back of the cell; The two flexible films in the packaging structure are respectively arranged on the corresponding POE films; 3) Overall assembly of the packaging structure: The flexible film, perovskite cell and POE film are assembled as a whole to form a "UV blocking flexible film-first layer POE film-perovskite cell-second layer POE film-ordinary flexible film" structure, wherein the UV blocking flexible film is located on the front of the perovskite cell and the first layer POE film is located between the two; similarly, the ordinary flexible film is located on the back of the perovskite cell and the second layer POE film is located between the two; 4) Overall bonding of the packaging structure: Use a laminator to bond the packaging structure to melt and solidify the POE film to ensure that the flexible film and the battery cell are tightly bonded.

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