Full-automatic laser marking machine

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of laser marking, and provides a full-automatic laser marking machine which comprises a workbench, a supporting frame is fixedly connected to the workbench, the supporting frame is connected with a connecting plate through a driving assembly, the driving assembly can drive the connecting plate to move horizontally, and the full-automatic laser marking machine further comprises a laser marking assembly which is fixedly connected with the connecting plate and is connected with the laser marking assembly. The laser marking assembly can conduct marking operation on a machined part through laser. The gas guide mechanism is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, and the gas guide mechanism can spray protective gas to the marking position; and the spraying angle adjusting system is used for optimizing the spraying angle of the protective gas. According to the technical scheme, the limitation of traditional fixed-angle injection is broken through, a multi-dimensional state evaluation model is constructed, and the third motor is driven to dynamically adjust the angle of the air outlet pipe. The angle adjusting model can automatically compensate the spraying angle according to the working condition deviation, it is ensured that gas accurately covers the molten pool area, oxidation is restrained, and smoke dust attachment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser marking, and in particular relates to a full-automatic laser marking machine. Background Art

[0002] Laser marking technology, due to its non-contact, high-precision, and permanent marking capabilities, is widely used in surface processing of materials such as metals, plastics, and ceramics. Traditional laser marking machines typically achieve trajectory marking through two-dimensional motion of a worktable or laser head. A protective gas (such as nitrogen or argon) is injected into the marking area to inhibit material oxidation, reduce residual smoke, and improve mark clarity.

[0003] However, the existing technology has the following significant defects:

[0004] Fixed gas injection angle: The shielding gas injection angle cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the marking working conditions. When the laser incident angle, workpiece thickness or moving speed changes, the fixed-angle airflow is difficult to effectively cover the molten pool area, resulting in a decrease in protection effect and problems such as oxidation and smoke adhesion.

[0005] Unoptimized multi-parameter coupling: Marking quality is influenced by multiple parameters, including laser power, travel speed, incident angle, workpiece thickness, surface temperature, and gas jet velocity and temperature. Existing equipment lacks coordinated monitoring and real-time analysis of these parameters, making it impossible to establish a dynamic correlation model between these parameters. This results in a lack of theoretical basis for adjusting the gas jet angle.

[0006] Lack of dynamic response capability: The gas angle adjustment of traditional equipment relies on manual experience and cannot calculate the optimal injection angle in real time according to the marking status, making it difficult to adapt to the needs of high-speed automated production.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fully automatic laser marking machine that can collaboratively optimize the protective gas injection angle in real time. By constructing a multi-parameter state evaluation model and dynamically driving the angle adjustment mechanism, the marking quality and process stability can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a fully automatic laser marking machine, aiming to solve the problem that the gas angle adjustment of traditional equipment relies on manual experience and cannot calculate the optimal injection angle in real time according to the marking state.

[0009] The present invention is implemented as follows: a fully automatic laser marking machine includes a workbench, a support frame fixedly connected to the workbench, the support frame is connected to a connecting plate via a drive assembly, and the drive assembly is capable of driving the connecting plate to move horizontally, and further includes:

[0010] A laser marking assembly is fixedly connected to the connecting plate, and the laser marking assembly can use a laser to perform a marking operation on the workpiece;

[0011] A gas guide mechanism is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, and the gas guide mechanism can spray protective gas to the marking position;

[0012] An injection angle adjusting system is used to optimize the injection angle of the protective gas, and comprises:

[0013] A monitoring module can detect and record the injection speed, injection angle and airflow temperature of the protective gas, the moving speed of the laser marking assembly, the laser emission power and the laser incidence angle, and the thickness and surface temperature of the workpiece;

[0014] A laser marking assembly state evaluation module can construct a laser marking assembly state evaluation model according to the moving speed of the laser marking assembly, the laser emission power and the laser incidence angle, and output a laser marking assembly state evaluation coefficient;

[0015] A workpiece state evaluation module can construct a workpiece state evaluation model according to the thickness and surface temperature of the workpiece, and output a workpiece state evaluation coefficient;

[0016] A marking state evaluation module can construct a marking state evaluation model according to the laser marking assembly state evaluation coefficient and the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, and output a marking state evaluation coefficient;

[0017] An airflow injection state evaluation module can construct an airflow injection state evaluation model according to the injection speed, injection angle and airflow temperature of the protective gas, and output an airflow injection state evaluation coefficient;

[0018] An angle adjusting module can construct an angle adjusting model according to the reference injection angle of the gas guide mechanism, the marking state evaluation coefficient and the airflow injection state evaluation coefficient, and output a target injection angle.

[0019] In this embodiment,

[0020] Further technical solutions, the driving assembly comprises a first motor, a threaded rod and a sliding seat;

[0021] The first motor is fixedly connected with the support frame, the output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with the threaded rod, the threaded rod is threadedly connected with the sliding seat, the sliding seat is slidingly connected with the inner top surface of the support frame, and the sliding seat is fixedly connected with the connecting plate.

[0022] Further technical solutions, the laser marking assembly comprises a laser emitter main body, a second motor and a laser emission tube;

[0023] The laser emitter main body is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, the laser emitter main body is fixedly connected with the second motor, and the output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected with the laser emission tube.

[0024] According to a further technical solution, the air guide mechanism includes a connecting pipe, a third motor, an air outlet pipe and an air pump;

[0025] The connecting pipe and the air pump are both fixedly connected to the connecting plate, and the connecting pipe and the air pump are connected through a pipeline. The connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the No. 3 motor, and the output shaft of the No. 3 motor is fixedly connected to the air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the connecting pipe.

[0026] According to a further technical solution, the monitoring module includes a data processor, and the No. 1 motor, the No. 2 motor, and the laser emitting tube are all electrically connected to the data processor via a PLC controller. The data processor can monitor and record the movement speed of the laser emitting tube and the laser incident angle of the laser emitting tube by monitoring and recording the rotation speed of the No. 1 motor and the rotation angle of the No. 2 motor. The data processor can also monitor and record the laser emission power of the laser emitting tube.

[0027] The real-time moving speed of the laser emitting tube is divided by the reference moving speed to obtain the moving speed index of the laser emitting tube, the real-time laser emission power of the laser emitting tube is divided by the rated laser emission power to obtain the laser power index of the laser emitting tube, and the real-time laser incident angle of the laser emitting tube is divided by the laser reference incident angle to obtain the laser incident angle index of the laser emitting tube;

[0028] The laser marking component status assessment model is:

[0029] S l =w vl v l +w pl p l +w θl θ l ;

[0030] where w vl Represents the movement speed weight coefficient, w pl is the laser power weight coefficient, w θl Represents the laser incident angle weight coefficient, satisfying w vl +w pl +w θl =1;v l Represents the movement speed index, p l represents the laser power index, θ l Represents the laser incident angle index; S l Indicates the laser marking component condition assessment coefficient.

[0031] According to a further technical solution, the monitoring module further includes an infrared distance sensor and a No. 1 temperature sensor, the infrared distance sensor being fixedly connected to the support frame, the infrared distance sensor being able to monitor the thickness of the workpieces in the processing batch, and the No. 1 temperature sensor being fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the workbench, the No. 1 temperature sensor being able to monitor the real-time temperature of the workpieces;

[0032] The thickness of the workpiece of the processing batch is divided by the standard workpiece thickness to obtain the thickness index of the workpiece, and the real-time temperature of the workpiece is divided by the ideal processing temperature of the workpiece to obtain the temperature index of the workpiece;

[0033] The workpiece state assessment model is:

[0034] S w =w dw d w +w Tw T w ;

[0035] where w dw Indicates the thickness weight coefficient of the workpiece, w Tw Represents the weight coefficient of the workpiece surface temperature, satisfying w dw +w Tw =1;d w Indicates the thickness index of the workpiece, T w Indicates the temperature index of the workpiece; S w Represents the workpiece condition assessment coefficient.

[0036] Further technical solution, the marking state evaluation model is:

[0037] S s =αS l +βS w ;

[0038] Where α represents the influence weight of the laser marking component state on the marking state, β represents the influence weight of the workpiece state on the marking state, and satisfies α+β=1; S s Indicates the marking status evaluation coefficient.

[0039] In a further technical solution, the monitoring module further includes a second temperature sensor, which processes the real-time power of the air pump and the diameter of the outlet pipe through a data processor to calculate the injection velocity of the protective gas. The second temperature sensor is arranged in the outlet pipe, and the real-time air flow temperature can be monitored by the second temperature sensor;

[0040] The real-time jet velocity of the shielding gas is divided by the standard jet velocity to obtain the jet velocity index, and the real-time airflow temperature of the shielding gas is divided by the reference airflow temperature to obtain the airflow temperature index;

[0041] The gas flow jet state evaluation model is:

[0042] S g = w vg v g + w Tg T g ;

[0043] wherein w vg represents a weight coefficient of the jet speed, w Tg represents a weight coefficient of the gas flow temperature, and w vg + w Tg = 1; v g represents a jet speed index, T g represents a gas flow temperature index; and S g represents a gas flow jet state evaluation coefficient.

[0044] Further technical solutions, the angle adjustment model is:

[0045] θ target = θ b + k s (S s - S s,ref ) + k g (S g - S g,ref );

[0046] wherein k s represents a sensitive coefficient of the welding state to the angle adjustment, in the unit of rad; k g represents a sensitive coefficient of the gas flow jet state to the angle adjustment, in the unit of rad; S s,ref represents a reference value of the welding state evaluation coefficient, and S g,ref represents a reference value of the gas flow jet state evaluation coefficient.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0048] Gas jet angle dynamic optimization: Break through the limitation of traditional fixed angle jet, build multi-dimensional state evaluation model (including laser component state, workpiece state, gas flow state), drive the third motor to dynamically adjust the angle of the gas pipe. The angle adjustment model can automatically compensate the jet angle according to the working condition deviation, ensure the accurate coverage of the gas to the molten pool area, inhibit oxidation and reduce smoke and dust adhesion.

[0049] Multi-parameter collaborative control improves process stability: Through the weighted fusion algorithm, the coupling influence of laser energy input, workpiece thermal state and gas flow characteristics is quantified, and the protection failure problem caused by isolated parameter adjustment of traditional equipment is solved. The weight coefficient can be dynamically configured according to the material characteristics, realizing process adaptive optimization.

[0050] High-precision mechatronic structure design: The laser marking component and the gas guide mechanism are integrated into the connecting plate and driven by the No. 1 motor through the threaded rod-sliding seat mechanism to ensure the synchronization of the laser head and the gas nozzle movement.

[0051] Real-time response to high-speed automated production needs: The monitoring module realizes millisecond-level data acquisition through the PLC controller and data processor, and realizes high-precision angle correction combined with the sensitivity coefficient of the angle adjustment model to meet the needs of high-speed marking conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the drive assembly in the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the laser marking component and the air guide mechanism in the present invention.

[0056] In the attached figure: 1. Workbench; 2. Support frame; 3. Drive assembly; 31. Motor No. 1; 32. Threaded rod; 33. Sliding seat; 4. Connecting plate; 5. Laser marking assembly; 51. Laser emitter body; 52. Motor No. 2; 53. Laser emitting tube; 6. Air guide mechanism; 61. Connecting pipe; 62. Motor No. 3; 63. Exhaust pipe; 64. Air pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0058] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0059] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a fully automatic laser marking machine provided by one embodiment of the present invention includes a workbench 1, a support frame 2 is fixedly connected to the workbench 1, and the support frame 2 is connected to a connecting plate 4 via a driving assembly 3. The driving assembly 3 can drive the connecting plate 4 to move horizontally, and further includes:

[0060] A laser marking component 5 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4 and can perform a marking operation on the workpiece using a laser;

[0061] An air guide mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4 and is capable of spraying protective gas toward the marking position;

[0062] The spray angle adjustment system is used to optimize the spray angle of the shielding gas, including:

[0063] A monitoring module capable of detecting and recording the jet speed, jet angle, and airflow temperature of the shielding gas, the moving speed, laser emission power, and laser incident angle of the laser marking component 5, as well as the thickness and surface temperature of the workpiece;

[0064] The laser marking component 5 state assessment module can construct a laser marking component 5 state assessment model based on the movement speed, laser emission power and laser incident angle of the laser marking component 5, and output the laser marking component 5 state assessment coefficient;

[0065] A workpiece state assessment module, which can construct a workpiece state assessment module based on the workpiece thickness and workpiece surface temperature, and output a workpiece state assessment coefficient;

[0066] A marking state evaluation module, which constructs a marking state evaluation model based on the state evaluation coefficient of the laser marking component 5 and the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, and outputs the marking state evaluation coefficient;

[0067] An airflow injection state assessment module constructs an airflow injection state assessment model based on the injection velocity, injection angle, and airflow temperature of the shielding gas, and outputs an airflow injection state assessment coefficient;

[0068] The angle adjustment module constructs an angle adjustment model according to the reference injection angle of the air guide mechanism 6, the marking state evaluation coefficient and the airflow injection state evaluation coefficient, and outputs a target injection angle.

[0069] In this embodiment, the technical solution realizes the real-time optimization of the shielding gas injection angle by constructing a dynamic adjustment system with multi-parameter coordination. The laser marking component 5 and the gas guide mechanism 6 are both fixed on the connecting plate 4 controlled by the driving component 3 to ensure the synchronization of their movements. The monitoring module simultaneously collects the moving speed, power, and incident angle of the laser marking component 5, the thickness and temperature of the workpiece, and the injection speed, angle, and temperature of the shielding gas to form a multi-dimensional parameter set. The state evaluation module of the laser marking component 5 quantifies the influence of the laser energy input and motion state on the molten pool through comprehensive modeling of the moving speed, power, and incident angle; the workpiece state evaluation module reflects the thermal conductivity characteristics and current thermal state of the material through thickness and surface temperature analysis. The two are combined to generate a marking state evaluation coefficient to characterize the comprehensive stability of the current processing environment. The airflow injection state evaluation module evaluates the flow characteristics and heat exchange efficiency of the shielding gas based on the injection speed and temperature parameters. The angle adjustment module couples the baseline injection angle with the marking state and airflow state evaluation coefficients to dynamically adjust the injection angle. When the marking state coefficient deviates from the reference value, the baseline angle is corrected using the sensitivity coefficient to compensate for changes in the processing environment. When the airflow state coefficient is abnormal, the angle is further adjusted to optimize the gas coverage range.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving assembly 3 includes a No. 1 motor 31, a threaded rod 32 and a sliding seat 33;

[0071] The No. 1 motor 31 is fixedly connected to the support frame 2, and the output shaft of the No. 1 motor 31 is fixedly connected to the threaded rod 32, and the threaded rod 32 is threadedly connected to the sliding seat 33, and the sliding seat 33 is slidably connected to the inner top surface of the support frame 2, and the sliding seat 33 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4.

[0072] In this embodiment, the technical solution realizes precise horizontal motion control of the connecting plate 4 through an integrated mechanical transmission structure. The No. 1 motor 31 is rigidly connected to the support frame 2 as a power source to prevent the motor vibration from being transmitted to other components; the threaded rod 32 converts the rotational motion of the motor into the linear displacement of the sliding seat 33, and the transmission accuracy is guaranteed by the precise matching of the threaded pair; the sliding connection design between the sliding seat 33 and the inner top surface of the support frame 2 not only constrains the freedom of movement of the sliding seat 33, but also reduces the friction resistance of movement through surface contact, ensuring the smoothness of the horizontal movement of the connecting plate 4. The above structure forms a closed-loop motion transmission path through the rigid linkage of the motor-threaded rod 32-sliding seat 33, which solves the gap error and transmission lag problems existing in the traditional belt drive or gear box structure, and provides a high-precision positioning basis for the laser marking component 5.

[0073] like Figure 3As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser marking assembly 5 includes a laser emitter body 51, a second motor 52 and a laser emission tube 53;

[0074] The laser emitter body 51 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4 . The laser emitter body 51 is fixedly connected to a second motor 52 . The output shaft of the second motor 52 is fixedly connected to a laser emitting tube 53 .

[0075] In this embodiment, the technical solution achieves dynamic control of the laser incident angle by constructing a rotatably adjustable laser emission structure. The fixed connection between the laser emitter body 51 and the connecting plate 4 ensures the stability of the overall assembly's movement. The rigid connection between the second motor 52 and the laser emitter body 51 forms the driving source for angle adjustment. The direct transmission relationship between the laser emission tube 53 and the output shaft of the second motor 52 ensures that the motor's rotation is accurately converted into changes in the spatial angle of the laser emission tube 53. This mechatronic design overcomes the limitations of traditional fixed laser emission structures. Through an electrically controlled rotation mechanism, real-time adjustment of the laser incident angle is achieved, providing a fundamental motion execution unit for the subsequent injection angle adjustment system.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air guide mechanism 6 includes a connecting pipe 61, a third motor 62, an air outlet pipe 63 and an air pump 64;

[0077] The connecting pipe 61 and the air pump 64 are both fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4, and the connecting pipe 61 and the air pump 64 are connected through a pipeline. The connecting pipe 61 is fixedly connected to the No. 3 motor 62, and the output shaft of the No. 3 motor 62 is fixedly connected to the air outlet pipe 63, and the air outlet pipe 63 is connected to the connecting pipe 61.

[0078] In this embodiment, the technical solution realizes dynamic adjustment of the protective gas injection angle through the structural design of the gas guide mechanism 6. The connecting pipe 61 and the air pump 64 are fixed on the connecting plate 4 to ensure the stability of the gas delivery path. At the same time, the outlet pipe 63 is driven to rotate by the third motor 62 to directly change the gas injection direction. The pipeline connection between the connecting pipe 61 and the air pump 64 forms a closed-loop gas circuit system to ensure the continuity of the gas supply. The rigid connection between the third motor 62 and the outlet pipe 63 enables the angle adjustment to have high-precision response capability, and the connection design between the outlet pipe 63 and the connecting pipe 61 maintains the continuity of the gas flow. The synergistic effect of each component enables the protective gas injection angle to be actively adjusted according to the real-time working conditions during the laser marking process, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed-angle injection.

[0079] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring module includes a data processor. Motor 1 31, motor 2 52, and laser emitting tube 53 are all electrically connected to the data processor via a PLC controller. The data processor can monitor and record the movement speed of the laser emitting tube 53 and the laser incident angle of the laser emitting tube 53 by monitoring and recording the rotation speed of motor 1 31 and the rotation angle of motor 2 52. The data processor can also monitor and record the laser emission power of the laser emitting tube 53. Specifically, the data processor collects the speed signal of motor 1 31 in real time through the PLC controller, calculates the movement speed of the laser emitting tube 53 based on the lead parameter of the threaded rod 32, and transmits the rotation angle of motor 2 52 to the data processor via an encoder signal and converts it into a laser incident angle value. The laser power is directly monitored by a sensor inside the emitting tube.

[0080] The real-time moving speed of the laser emitting tube 53 is divided by the reference moving speed to obtain the moving speed index of the laser emitting tube 53. The real-time laser emission power of the laser emitting tube 53 is divided by the rated laser emission power to obtain the laser power index of the laser emitting tube 53. The real-time laser incident angle of the laser emitting tube 53 is divided by the laser reference incident angle to obtain the laser incident angle index of the laser emitting tube 53.

[0081] The state assessment model of the laser marking component 5 is:

[0082] S l =w vl v l +w pl p l +w θl θ l ;

[0083] where w vl Represents the movement speed weight coefficient, w pl is the laser power weight coefficient, w θl Represents the laser incident angle weight coefficient, satisfying w vl +w pl +w θl =1;v l Represents the movement speed index, p l represents the laser power index, θ l Represents the laser incident angle index; S l Represents the status evaluation coefficient of the laser marking component 5.

[0084] In this embodiment, the data processor is a computing unit for receiving and processing multi-source sensor signals. Specifically, it can be implemented as an embedded microcontroller or industrial computer. Its function is to integrate motor speed, rotation angle, and laser power data. The PLC controller is a programmable logic controller that is connected to the motor using an industrial bus communication protocol to achieve real-time communication between the motor operating parameters and the data processor.

[0085] Movement speed index v l It refers to the dimensionless parameter obtained by the ratio of the real-time moving speed to the reference moving speed. The reference moving speed can be the standard processing speed preset by the equipment. Its function is to eliminate the speed dimension difference in different processing tasks. Laser power index p l It refers to the ratio of the real-time laser power to the rated power. The rated power can be the safe working threshold of the laser emitting tube 53. Its function is to quantify the degree of deviation of the energy output state. l It refers to the ratio of the real-time angle to the reference angle. The reference angle can be the base angle of vertical incidence. Its function is to characterize the change in the beam positioning accuracy.

[0086] The laser marking component 5 state assessment model refers to a multi-parameter fusion calculation model based on the weighted sum algorithm, and the weight coefficient w vl 、w pl 、w θl It can be a proportional value set according to process experience, and its function is to comprehensively reflect the comprehensive impact of movement speed, power and angle on the component state.

[0087] This technical solution achieves quantitative analysis of the status of the laser marking assembly 5 by constructing a multi-dimensional parameter monitoring and dynamic evaluation system. The data processor directly collects the speed of motor 1 31 and the rotation angle of motor 2 52 through a PLC controller, converting the mechanical motion parameters into the movement speed and incident angle of the laser tube 53. This establishes a direct mapping between physical parameters and the laser operating status. By normalizing the real-time movement speed, laser power, and incident angle against reference values, these parameters are indexed and comparable, eliminating the computational barriers between parameters of different dimensions.

[0088] The weighted summation model is used to fuse the moving speed index v l , power index p l and the incident angle index θ l , through the weight coefficient allocation, the differential impact of different parameters on the state of the laser marking component 5 is reflected, and finally the comprehensive state evaluation coefficient S is generated. lThis evaluation method based on multi-source data fusion can accurately reflect the coordinated state of the laser marking component 5 in the three dimensions of motion control, energy output, and optical positioning, providing precise input parameters for the subsequent dynamic adjustment of the gas injection angle.

[0089] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring module further includes an infrared distance sensor and a No. 1 temperature sensor. The infrared distance sensor is fixedly connected to the support frame 2. The infrared distance sensor can monitor the thickness of the workpieces in the processing batch. The No. 1 temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the workbench 1. The No. 1 temperature sensor can monitor the real-time temperature of the workpieces.

[0090] The thickness of the workpiece of the processing batch is divided by the standard workpiece thickness to obtain the thickness index of the workpiece, and the real-time temperature of the workpiece is divided by the ideal processing temperature of the workpiece to obtain the temperature index of the workpiece;

[0091] The workpiece state assessment model is:

[0092] S w =w dw d w +w Tw T w ;

[0093] where w dw Indicates the thickness weight coefficient of the workpiece, w Tw Represents the weight coefficient of the workpiece surface temperature, satisfying w dw +w Tw =1;d w Indicates the thickness index of the workpiece, T w Indicates the temperature index of the workpiece; S w Represents the workpiece condition assessment coefficient.

[0094] Among them, the infrared distance sensor refers to a device that obtains the thickness of the workpiece through non-contact measurement. Specifically, it can be implemented by a laser distance sensor, which is installed on the support frame 2 and is used to monitor the thickness deviation of different batches of workpieces in real time. Temperature sensor No. 1 refers to a device for detecting the surface temperature of the workpiece. Specifically, it can be implemented by a thermocouple or an infrared temperature sensor. It is fixed to the surface of the workbench 1 and is used to capture the temperature changes in the processing area. The thickness index refers to the ratio of the actual thickness of the workpiece to the preset standard thickness, which is used to quantify the impact of thickness differences on the gas coverage range. The temperature index refers to the ratio of the real-time temperature of the workpiece to the ideal processing temperature, which is used to evaluate the impact of temperature fluctuations on the degree of oxidation of the material. The weight coefficient refers to the dynamic distribution ratio of thickness and temperature in the state assessment model. For example, when processing thin-walled workpieces, the thickness weight coefficient can be set to a higher value to preferentially adapt to thickness changes.

[0095] Specifically, the infrared distance sensor calculates the distance difference between the workpiece surface and the sensor by emitting and receiving reflected signals, thereby obtaining the actual thickness data of the current batch of workpieces. The thickness index is generated by the ratio of the actual thickness to the standard thickness. When the thickness of the workpiece increases, the thickness index increases accordingly, indicating that the gas injection angle needs to be adjusted to cover a deeper molten pool area. The No. 1 temperature sensor continuously collects temperature data of the processing area. The temperature index is calculated by the ratio of the real-time temperature to the ideal temperature. When the temperature exceeds the threshold, the temperature index rises, indicating that gas protection needs to be enhanced to inhibit oxidation. Thickness weight coefficient w dw and temperature weight coefficient w Tw The sum of is 1, which can be a ratio value set based on process experience. The ratio of the two can be dynamically adjusted according to material characteristics or process requirements. For example, when processing high-temperature sensitive materials, the temperature weight coefficient can be set to 0.7 and the thickness weight coefficient to 0.3, making the state evaluation coefficient more sensitive to temperature changes. The final output of the workpiece state evaluation coefficient S w It is input into the marking state evaluation module to provide data support for the subsequent dynamic adjustment of the gas injection angle.

[0096] Compared to existing technologies, traditional laser marking machines use only fixed parameters to estimate the workpiece's state and are unable to perceive thickness and temperature changes in real time, resulting in a mismatch between the gas injection angle and the workpiece's actual working conditions. This solution uses collaborative monitoring with infrared and temperature sensors to quantify thickness deviations and temperature fluctuations into calculable indices. This, combined with a dynamic weighting model, generates a state assessment coefficient, enabling gas angle adjustment to accurately respond to the workpiece's real-time physical condition.

[0097] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves real-time monitoring and quantitative assessment of workpiece thickness and surface temperature, resolving the issue of insufficient gas coverage due to workpiece thickness variations or temperature fluctuations. Through dynamic weight allocation, the state assessment model can be optimized for different materials or process requirements, ensuring that the shielding gas injection angle always adapts to the actual state of the workpiece, effectively inhibiting material oxidation and improving marking clarity.

[0098] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the marking state evaluation model is:

[0099] S s =αS l +βS w ;

[0100] Where α represents the influence weight of the state of the laser marking component 5 on the marking state, and β represents the influence weight of the workpiece state on the marking state, satisfying α+β=1; S s Indicates the marking status evaluation coefficient.

[0101] Among them, the weight coefficients α and β refer to the proportional factors used to balance the contribution of the state of the laser marking component 5 and the state of the workpiece to the marking quality. Specifically, they can be obtained by regression analysis based on historical process data or machine learning model training, satisfying the normalization constraints to ensure the interpretability of the weight distribution.

[0102] Specifically, by l According to the preset weight S w Perform linear superposition to generate the comprehensive marking state evaluation coefficient S s This coefficient can dynamically reflect the coupling effect between the laser marking component 5 and the workpiece state. For example, when the laser power increases or the surface temperature of the workpiece is abnormal, the weight distribution is adjusted to make S s It can more sensitively reflect changes in key parameters, thereby providing a quantitative basis for the real-time adjustment of the subsequent gas injection angle.

[0103] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods rely solely on fixed rules or manual experience to adjust the gas injection angle, failing to quantify the synergistic impact of the dynamic state of the laser marking assembly 5 and the workpiece on the protection effect. This solution, by establishing a marking state assessment model, combines two types of state parameters into a single assessment coefficient with configurable weights. This enables the system to automatically adjust the gas injection angle based on real-time working conditions. For example, during high-speed marking, it prioritizes the impact of laser movement speed on airflow coverage, or when machining thick plates, it prioritizes the workpiece thickness's requirements for gas penetration depth.

[0104] Through the above technical solution, the present application solves the problem that the gas injection angle cannot be dynamically optimized due to changes in the state of the laser marking component 5 and the workpiece, and realizes adaptive adjustment of the protective gas injection angle under the influence of multi-parameter coupling. For example, when the laser power suddenly increases, the gas coverage area is automatically increased to inhibit oxidation, or when the surface temperature of the workpiece is too high, the airflow direction is adjusted to accelerate heat dissipation, thereby significantly improving the gas protection effect and process stability in the marking area.

[0105] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring module further includes a second temperature sensor. The data processor processes the real-time power of the air pump 64 and the diameter of the outlet pipe 63 to calculate the injection velocity of the protective gas. The second temperature sensor is disposed in the outlet pipe 63 and can monitor the real-time airflow temperature.

[0106] The real-time jet velocity of the shielding gas is divided by the standard jet velocity to obtain the jet velocity index, and the real-time airflow temperature of the shielding gas is divided by the reference airflow temperature to obtain the airflow temperature index;

[0107] Specifically, the second temperature sensor is a sensor device used to directly measure the temperature changes of the protective gas within the outlet pipe 63. It can be implemented as a thermocouple or a thermistor sensor. The temperature signal conversion circuit converts the physical quantity into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the data processor. This feature eliminates the impact of airflow temperature fluctuations on the protective effect, which is often ignored in traditional technologies, ensuring the integrity of airflow status assessment.

[0108] Real-time power monitoring of the air pump 64 involves collecting energy consumption data during operation using an electrical power sensor. This feature, along with the diameter of the outlet pipe 63, is used to calculate the injection velocity. Fluid dynamics formulas are used to establish a mapping between the power of the air pump 63, the diameter of the outlet pipe 63, and the flow rate, resolving the problem of traditional technologies being unable to obtain dynamic flow rates in real time.

[0109] The jet velocity index is the ratio of the actual jet velocity to the preset reference velocity, achieved through a division operation. This parameter quantifies the degree to which the current velocity deviates from the ideal state, providing a normalized indicator for airflow status assessment. The airflow temperature index is the ratio of the measured temperature to the reference temperature. Division eliminates dimensional differences, allowing the temperature parameter to be linearly superimposed with the velocity parameter.

[0110] The airflow injection state evaluation model is:

[0111] S g =w vg v g +w Tg T g ;

[0112] where w vg Represents the weight coefficient of injection velocity, w Tg Represents the weight coefficient of air flow temperature, satisfying w vg +w Tg =1;v g Indicates the injection velocity index, T g Indicates the airflow temperature index; S g Indicates the airflow injection state evaluation coefficient.

[0113] The airflow injection state assessment model is to use the velocity index T g With temperature index S g The weight coefficient is integrated into a mathematical model of a single evaluation value, which is implemented using a linear weighting formula. vg 、w Tg The specific value can be calibrated through production experience.

[0114] The model adapts to different process requirements by adjusting the weight coefficient, such as increasing the temperature weight in the processing of high-temperature sensitive materials, solving the problem that the influence of multi-parameter coupling in traditional technology cannot be quantified. g It reflects the degree of deviation between the current airflow state and the ideal state, and provides dynamic input parameters for the subsequent angle adjustment module. Compared with the existing technology, traditional laser marking machines usually use fixed parameters to estimate the gas flow rate, and do not integrate temperature monitoring functions, resulting in the airflow state evaluation relying only on static data. However, this solution realizes the coordinated monitoring of multiple physical quantities by collecting the power and temperature data of the air pump 64 in real time and dynamically calculating the flow rate in combination with the pipe diameter parameters. In addition, the existing technology lacks comprehensive processing of speed and temperature parameters, while this solution integrates the two types of parameters into a unified evaluation index through a linear weighted model, so that the quantification of the airflow state is more in line with the actual working conditions.

[0115] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application achieves real-time dynamic monitoring of the shielding gas injection velocity and temperature, solving the problem of inaccurate airflow state assessment in traditional technologies. By establishing an airflow injection state assessment model based on multi-parameter fusion, the degree of airflow state anomaly can be accurately quantified, providing reliable data support for the dynamic optimization of the injection angle. As a result, the coverage of the shielding gas can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time working conditions, effectively suppressing oxidation reactions and smoke residues in the processing area, and improving marking clarity and process stability.

[0116] The angle adjustment model is:

[0117] θ target =θ b +k s (S s -S s,ref )+k g (S g -S g,ref );

[0118] where k s Indicates the sensitivity coefficient of welding state to angle adjustment, unit: rad; k g Indicates the sensitivity coefficient of airflow injection state to angle adjustment, unit: rad; S s,ref Indicates the reference value of the welding condition evaluation coefficient, S g,ref Indicates the reference value of the airflow injection state evaluation coefficient.

[0119] Wherein, the reference injection angle θ b It refers to the preset initial gas injection angle, which can be realized by using a preset fixed value or dynamically calculated according to the material of the workpiece. Its function is to provide a basic positioning for angle adjustment. s and k gIt refers to the response weight of the marking state and airflow state to the angle change, which can be obtained through experimental calibration or machine learning training, and is used to quantify the influence of parameter deviation on angle compensation under different working conditions. s,ref and S g,ref It refers to the evaluation coefficient of the marking state and airflow state under standard working conditions. It can be set by theoretical calculation value or historical optimal value. Its function is to provide a benchmark reference for deviation calculation.

[0120] This technical solution achieves real-time optimization of the shielding gas injection angle by building an angle adjustment model and combining the reference injection angle with the dynamic parameter deviation. Specifically:

[0121] 1. Reference injection angle (θ b ) as the initial adjustment benchmark to ensure basic protection effects;

[0122] 2. Marking status evaluation coefficient deviation (S s -S s,ref ) reflects the degree to which the comprehensive state of the laser marking component 5 and the workpiece deviates from the ideal value, and converts it into an angle compensation amount through the sensitivity coefficient to solve the dynamic influence of laser moving speed, power, incident angle and workpiece state changes on the protection effect;

[0123] 3. Airflow injection state evaluation coefficient deviation (S g -S g,ref ) characterizes the degree to which the gas injection velocity and temperature deviate from the standard operating conditions, and converts them into angle compensation through the sensitivity coefficient to solve the problem of insufficient shielding gas coverage caused by fluctuations in airflow parameters;

[0124] 4. Sensitivity coefficient k s With k g By quantifying the sensitivity of different states to angle adjustment, we can weight the impact of multi-parameter coupling and avoid the one-sidedness of single-parameter adjustment. By dynamically superimposing baseline values ​​and deviation compensation values, this model allows the jet angle to be adaptively adjusted based on marking conditions and airflow states, overcoming the limitations of traditional fixed angle adjustment.

[0125] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automatic laser marking machine, comprising a workbench (1), wherein a support frame (2) is fixedly connected to the workbench (1), wherein the support frame (2) is connected to a connecting plate (4) via a driving assembly (3), wherein the driving assembly (3) is capable of driving the connecting plate (4) to move horizontally, and wherein: Also includes: A laser marking assembly (5) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (4), and the laser marking assembly (5) can perform a marking operation on the workpiece using a laser; An air guide mechanism (6) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (4), and the air guide mechanism (6) is capable of spraying protective gas toward the marking position; The spray angle adjustment system is used to optimize the spray angle of the shielding gas, including: A monitoring module capable of detecting and recording the jet speed, jet angle and air flow temperature of the protective gas, the moving speed, laser emission power and laser incident angle of the laser marking component (5), and the thickness and surface temperature of the workpiece; A laser marking component (5) state evaluation module is capable of constructing a laser marking component (5) state evaluation model based on the moving speed of the laser marking component (5), the laser emission power, and the laser incident angle, and outputting a laser marking component (5) state evaluation coefficient; A workpiece state assessment module, which can construct a workpiece state assessment module based on the workpiece thickness and workpiece surface temperature, and output a workpiece state assessment coefficient; a marking state evaluation module, which constructs a marking state evaluation model based on the state evaluation coefficient of the laser marking component (5) and the state evaluation coefficient of the workpiece, and outputs the marking state evaluation coefficient; An airflow injection state assessment module constructs an airflow injection state assessment model based on the injection velocity, injection angle, and airflow temperature of the shielding gas, and outputs an airflow injection state assessment coefficient; An angle adjustment module constructs an angle adjustment model based on a reference injection angle of the air guide mechanism (6), a marking state evaluation coefficient, and an airflow injection state evaluation coefficient, and outputs a target injection angle.

2. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (3) includes a first motor (31), a threaded rod (32) and a sliding seat (33); The first motor (31) is fixedly connected to the support frame (2); the output shaft of the first motor (31) is fixedly connected to a threaded rod (32); the threaded rod (32) is threadedly connected to a sliding seat (33); the sliding seat (33) is slidably connected to the inner top surface of the support frame (2); and the sliding seat (33) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (4).

3. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser marking assembly (5) comprises a laser emitter body (51), a second motor (52) and a laser emission tube (53); The laser emitter body (51) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (4), the laser emitter body (51) is fixedly connected to a second motor (52), and the output shaft of the second motor (52) is fixedly connected to a laser emitting tube (53).

4. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air guide mechanism (6) includes a connecting pipe (61), a third motor (62), an air outlet pipe (63) and an air pump (64); The connecting pipe (61) and the air pump (64) are both fixedly connected to the connecting plate (4), and the connecting pipe (61) and the air pump (64) are connected through a pipeline. The connecting pipe (61) is fixedly connected to the third motor (62), and the output shaft of the third motor (62) is fixedly connected to the air outlet pipe (63), and the air outlet pipe (63) is communicated with the connecting pipe (61).

5. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring module includes a data processor, and the first motor (31), the second motor (52) and the laser emitting tube (53) are all electrically connected to the data processor through a PLC controller. The data processor can monitor and record the moving speed of the laser emitting tube (53) and the laser incident angle of the laser emitting tube (53) by monitoring and recording the rotation speed of the first motor (31) and the rotation angle of the second motor (52). The data processor can also monitor and record the laser emission power of the laser emitting tube (53); The real-time moving speed of the laser emitting tube (53) is divided by the reference moving speed to obtain the moving speed index of the laser emitting tube (53), the real-time laser emission power of the laser emitting tube 5 (3) is divided by the rated laser emission power to obtain the laser power index of the laser emitting tube (53), and the real-time laser incident angle of the laser emitting tube (53) is divided by the laser reference incident angle to obtain the laser incident angle index of the laser emitting tube (53); The state evaluation model of the laser marking component (5) is: S l =w vl v l +w pl p l +w θl θ l ; where w vl Represents the movement speed weight coefficient, w pl is the laser power weight coefficient, w θl Represents the laser incident angle weight coefficient, satisfying w vl +w pl +w θl =1;v l Represents the movement speed index, p l represents the laser power index, θ l Represents the laser incident angle index; S l It represents the status evaluation coefficient of the laser marking component (5).

6. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring module further comprises an infrared distance sensor and a first temperature sensor, wherein the infrared distance sensor is fixedly connected to the support frame (2), and the infrared distance sensor is capable of monitoring the thickness of the workpieces of the processed batch; the first temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the workbench (1), and the first temperature sensor is capable of monitoring the real-time temperature of the workpieces; The thickness of the workpiece of the processing batch is divided by the standard workpiece thickness to obtain the thickness index of the workpiece, and the real-time temperature of the workpiece is divided by the ideal processing temperature of the workpiece to obtain the temperature index of the workpiece; The workpiece state assessment model is: S w =w dw d w +w Tw T w ; where w dw Indicates the thickness weight coefficient of the workpiece, w Tw Represents the weight coefficient of the workpiece surface temperature, satisfying w dw +w Tw =1;d w Indicates the thickness index of the workpiece, T w Indicates the temperature index of the workpiece; S w Represents the workpiece condition assessment coefficient.

7. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The marking state evaluation model is: S s =αS l +βS w ; Where α represents the influence weight of the state of the laser marking component (5) on the marking state, β represents the influence weight of the workpiece state on the marking state, and satisfies α+β=1; S s Indicates the marking status evaluation coefficient.

8. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The monitoring module further includes a second temperature sensor, which can calculate the injection speed of the protective gas by processing the real-time power of the air pump (64) and the diameter of the outlet pipe (63) through the data processor. The second temperature sensor is arranged in the outlet pipe (63) and can monitor the real-time air flow temperature through the second temperature sensor; The real-time jet velocity of the shielding gas is divided by the standard jet velocity to obtain the jet velocity index, and the real-time airflow temperature of the shielding gas is divided by the reference airflow temperature to obtain the airflow temperature index; The airflow injection state evaluation model is: S g =w vg v g +w Tg T g ; where w vg Represents the weight coefficient of injection velocity, w Tg Represents the weight coefficient of air flow temperature, satisfying w vg +w Tg =1;v g Indicates the injection velocity index, T g Indicates the airflow temperature index; S g Indicates the airflow injection state evaluation coefficient.

9. The fully automatic laser marking machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The angle adjustment model is: i target =θ b +k s (S s -S s,ref )+k g (S g -S g,ref ); where k s Indicates the sensitivity coefficient of welding state to angle adjustment, unit: rad; k g Indicates the sensitivity coefficient of airflow injection state to angle adjustment, unit: rad; S s,ref Indicates the reference value of the welding condition evaluation coefficient, S g,ref Indicates the reference value of the airflow injection state evaluation coefficient.

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