Large-volume aluminum alloy grain hopper car

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-volume aluminum alloy grain hopper car, which relates to the technical field of grain hopper cars, and comprises a car body, a pneumatic control system, a brake system, a car coupler buffer device and a bogie, the vehicle body is of a steel-aluminum structure, and the steel-aluminum structures of the vehicle body are connected in a riveting mode. The vehicle body comprises a bottom frame, a funnel arranged at the bottom of the bottom frame, a bottom door arranged at the bottom of the funnel, two side walls arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom frame, two end walls arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bottom frame, a vehicle roof and a movable top cover, the vehicle roof is arranged on the top of an open box defined by the two side walls and the two end walls, and the movable top cover is located on the vehicle roof. The end walls and the side walls are connected in a riveting mode through stainless steel connecting plates, and opening and closing of the top cover and the bottom door are completed in a pneumatic interlocking mode. The grain hopper car is low in dead weight coefficient, high in unloading speed and good in sealing performance, opening and closing of the top cover and the bottom door are completed in a pneumatic interlocking mode, and good social benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grain hopper vehicles, and more particularly to the technical field of large-volume aluminum alloy grain hopper vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Currently, domestic and international railway grain transport vehicles are primarily covered wagons and specialized grain hopper cars. Most grain hopper cars utilize carbon steel structures, resulting in heavy weight and small volume. The main grain hopper cars used in my country are the 60t L18 and 70t L70 types. Existing patents disclose the following technologies: The patent with publication number CN209833622U and patent name "Car body end wall structure and hopper car" discloses the following content: a car body end wall structure and a hopper car. The car body end wall structure comprises at least two first mounting seats arranged relative to each other on the car body chassis, each first mounting seat having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, the first end of each first mounting seat being close to the middle of the first side of the end wall body, and the second end of each first mounting seat extending away from the end wall body; at least two diagonal braces are arranged relative to each other, the diagonal braces and the first mounting seats are arranged one-to-one, each diagonal brace has a first end and a second end opposite to each other, the first end of each diagonal brace is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first side of the end wall body, and the second end of each diagonal brace is fixedly arranged on the outside of the second end of the corresponding first mounting seat, and each diagonal brace, the corresponding first mounting seat and the end wall body form an installation area; the reinforcement plates and the installation areas are arranged one-to-one, and each reinforcement plate is installed in the corresponding installation area. The utility model can increase the carrying capacity of the hopper car.

[0003] The patent with publication number CN210363813U and patent name "Grain hopper car with side wall composition and end wall composition" discloses the following content: A grain hopper car with side wall composition and end wall composition, including a car body; the car body is provided with two groups of side wall compositions and two groups of end wall compositions; each group of side wall compositions includes wall panels, upper side beams and columns; the upper side beams have a hollow structure with a quadrilateral cross-sectional profile; the hollow structure is formed by vertical side panels located on both sides and arranged in parallel, a horizontal side panel located at the bottom and an inclined side panel located at the top; the inclined side panel is arranged to tilt upward from the outside of the car body to the inside of the car body; the inclined side panel continues to extend upward, and the part exceeding the vertical side panel located on the inside forms a mounting plate; the bottom of the vertical side panel located on the outside extends downward, and the part exceeding the horizontal side panel forms a first guide plate; the first guide plate extends downward along the top outside of the wall panel, and the first guide plate and the wall panel are not in the same vertical plane. The grain hopper car of the utility model has good sealing performance and can prevent rainwater from flowing into the car compartment.

[0004] The common characteristics of the traditional grain hopper car and the hopper car disclosed in the above patent are that they have a large deadweight coefficient, a low unloading rate, poor sealing performance of the bottom door, and the top cover and the bottom door are opened and closed manually.

[0005] How to solve the above problems has become the focus of efforts of those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car in order to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car, comprising a car body, a pneumatic control system, a braking system, a coupler buffer device and a bogie; the car body adopts a steel-aluminum hybrid structure, the car body is a steel-aluminum structure, and the steel and aluminum structures of the car body are connected by riveting; The vehicle body includes a chassis, a funnel arranged at the bottom of the chassis, a bottom door arranged at the bottom of the funnel, two side walls arranged on the left and right sides of the chassis, two end walls arranged at the front and rear ends of the chassis, a roof and a movable top cover. The roof is arranged on the top of an open box surrounded by two side walls and two end walls. The movable top cover is located on the roof. The connection between the end wall and the side wall is connected by riveting with a stainless steel connecting plate, and the opening and closing of the top cover and the bottom door are completed by pneumatic interlocking.

[0008] Specifically, the braking system includes air brakes and hand brakes. The air brake consists of brake elements, air cylinders, and seamless steel pipes; the hand brake comprises a hand brake mechanism and a non-metallic handwheel. The coupler buffer system comprises the coupler, buffer, and other related components. The bogie consists of side frames, bolsters, wheels, axles, and the TMX integrated brake.

[0009] In one embodiment, the chassis includes an end beam assembly, a bolster assembly, a center beam assembly, a side beam assembly, a longitudinal beam, a fender assembly, and a steel floor; The end beam assembly and the side beam assembly form the chassis basic frame. The number of the bolster assembly is two, and they are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the longitudinal bottom of the chassis basic frame. The center beam assembly is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the chassis basic frame. The number of the longitudinal beams is two, and they are longitudinally arranged at the two side edges of the chassis basic frame. The number of the fender assembly and the steel floor is two, and they are symmetrically arranged at the two longitudinal ends of the chassis basic frame. The center beam is a closed box-type variable cross-section structure, which includes a center beam in the middle, a center beam lower cover plate arranged on the lower side of the center beam, and two traction beams respectively arranged at both ends of the center beam.

[0010] Specifically, the center beam is composed of a closed box-type variable-section structure, and the lower cover of the center beam is thickened to improve the bearing capacity of the center beam; a traction beam with equal cross-section height is used to connect the two ends of the center beam to improve the vehicle's bearing capacity and reduce the difficulty of the welding process; P90NQR high-strength weathering steel welding is used to improve the vehicle's bearing capacity.

[0011] In one embodiment, the funnel includes two side funnel plates arranged longitudinally, two end funnel plates connected between the edges of the two side funnel plates, a longitudinal extension plate connected between the middle parts of the two end funnel plates, and a group of transversely arranged central ridges connected between the middle parts of the two side funnel plates. A flange structure is provided at the bottom of each side funnel plate and each end funnel plate, and each side funnel plate is arranged in the side wall in an overlapping manner with the inside higher and the outside lower.

[0012] Specifically, a central spine, longitudinally connected side hopper plates, and end hopper plates are arranged horizontally in the center of the vehicle body to form a small hopper. The side and end hopper plates that come into contact with the grain are made of stainless steel to enhance the vehicle's rigidity and strength. To ensure the hopper's waterproof performance, the side hopper plates are installed within the side walls in an overlapping pattern, with the inner side higher and the outer side lower, and connected by rivets. To improve the interchangeability of the bottom door and enhance the strength and rigidity of the hopper plates, the hopper plates feature a bottom flange structure and are bolted to the bottom door.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bottom door includes a bottom door frame, a bottom door panel, a roller device, and a cylinder assembly. The bottom door frame adopts a duplex multi-door hole structure, and the door frame and the bottom door panel are sealed by a combination of a strip brush and a wear plate. Specifically, the bottom door frame is designed in a modular manner and adopts a duplex multi-door hole structure to increase the unloading area and improve unloading efficiency; a sealing method combining strip brushes and wear plates is used to protect the integrity of fine particle cargo; the strip brushes, end crossbeams and bottom door panels are composed of smaller amounts of grain residue on the vehicle body after unloading; it is connected to the vehicle body through bolts to improve interchangeability and extend the service life of the vehicle.

[0014] In one embodiment, the side wall is a steel-aluminum riveted arc-wrapped plate structure, the side wall includes a side wall panel, a partition wall arranged at equal intervals inside the side wall panel, a number of mounting beams are distributed between the two side wall panels, the side wall panels and the partition wall are connected with rivets, the side wall panel adopts an arc-wrapped aluminum alloy welded structure, the partition wall is an all-steel welded structure, the side wall panel includes multiple horizontally spliced ​​aluminum alloy single-layer panels, an upper side beam is arranged on the top of the side wall panel, and the upper side beam is an inclined aluminum alloy hollow reinforced structure.

[0015] Specifically, the sidewalls are all-aluminum alloy welded structures, while the partitions are all-steel welded structures, connected by rivets. The sidewalls utilize an arc-wrapped aluminum alloy welded structure to increase vehicle volume and reduce vehicle weight. The upper side beams utilize an inclined aluminum alloy hollow reinforced structure to enhance overall vehicle strength and facilitate connection with other major vehicle components. The sidewalls utilize a single-layer aluminum alloy horizontally spliced ​​structure to minimize welding deformation and improve sidewall performance. The sidewall joints utilize an inclined hook-angle structure on the inside of the vehicle body to prevent the accumulation of fine-grained cargo.

[0016] In one embodiment, the end wall is a steel-aluminum riveted plate-column structure, comprising an end wall frame and an end wall panel. The end wall frame and the end wall panel are connected by rivets. The end wall frame and the end wall panel are made of a hybrid structure combining aluminum alloy, high-strength weathering steel, and stainless steel. The parts of the end wall frame and the end wall panel that come into contact with the cargo are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The end wall frame includes the upper end edge, transverse bands, end columns, diagonal braces, columns and connecting plates.

[0017] Specifically, the end wall adopts a hybrid structure combining aluminum alloy, high-strength weathering steel and stainless steel, and the parts of the end wall in contact with the cargo are made of aluminum alloy and stainless steel to improve the anti-corrosion performance and reduce the dead weight.

[0018] In one embodiment, the roof is an arc-shaped roof structure, which includes a roof panel, a plurality of ribs arranged inside the roof panel in an interval manner, a loading port arranged on the roof panel, two loading port longitudinal beams arranged at the longitudinal edge of the loading port, and a loading port end frame arranged at the transverse edge of the loading port. The roof panel, ribs, loading port longitudinal beams and loading port end frame form an all-aluminum alloy welded structure, and the arc-shaped roof panel and the upper side beam are overlapped in a manner where the outside is high and the inside is low.

[0019] Specifically, the roof adopts an arc-shaped roof structure to increase the vehicle volume; the loading port longitudinal beam adopts an integrated aluminum alloy extruded profile to reduce welding deformation and improve the vehicle fatigue life; the all-aluminum alloy welded structure is adopted to reduce the dead weight; the connection with the side wall is riveted, and the arc-shaped roof panel and the upper side beam adopt an outer high inside overlap method to improve the rain protection performance of the vehicle body.

[0020] In one embodiment, a movable top cover is provided at the loading port; The movable top cover includes a top cover, a transmission shaft, multiple cranks arranged in parallel, and a cylinder that drives the transmission shaft to rotate the rod. One end of each crank is connected to the outside of the top cover, and the other end is fixed to the transmission shaft. The fulcrum seat mounting holes at both ends of the top cover adopt a keyhole structure, and the top cover adopts a hollow box-type splicing structure.

[0021] Specifically, the top cover adopts a hollow box-type splicing structure to improve the flatness of the top cover, reduce the weight of the top cover, and improve the welding processability; the crankshaft inside the vehicle body is welded to the drive shaft to reduce the weight and reduce the transition design margin; the mounting hole of the fulcrum seat on the inner side of the top cover adopts a keyhole structure to improve the interchangeability of the top cover and reduce the manufacturing difficulty; the drive shaft has redundant backup for opening and closing to ensure that the strength of the drive shaft is sufficient, and the top cover can also be opened using a single-end cylinder.

[0022] In one embodiment, the pneumatic control system includes pneumatic components, an operation box, and a control box.

[0023] The operation box includes a button valve for opening the top cover, a button valve for closing the top cover, a button valve for opening the bottom door, a button valve for closing the bottom door, a button valve for controlling safety, and a shuttle valve; The control box includes a two-position five-way pneumatic control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the top cover and a two-position five-way pneumatic control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the bottom door.

[0024] Specifically, to prevent the top cover from accidentally opening when the bottom door is not closed, causing grain leakage during loading, the top cover opening has a redundant backup. When the bottom door is completely closed, the limit valve works and the top cover can be opened. When the bottom door is not completely closed, the limit valve does not work and the top cover cannot be opened.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The grain hopper car of the present invention has a low deadweight coefficient, a high unloading rate, and good sealing performance. It adopts a pneumatic interlocking method to complete the opening and closing of the top cover and the bottom door, and has good social benefits.

[0026] 2. This invention utilizes a hybrid steel-aluminum design concept, resulting in a lightweight vehicle body. This vehicle boasts a high payload capacity, low weight, and a large capacity, making it suitable for a wide range of cargo transport applications. The hybrid steel-aluminum design not only reduces vehicle weight but also ensures vehicle strength and fatigue life.

[0027] 3. Lightweight, it adopts a hybrid structure combining aluminum alloy and high-strength weathering steel. The steel and aluminum are connected by riveting. The riveted structure is stronger than the all-aluminum welding method, which improves the interchangeability of the vehicle body, extends the service life of the vehicle, and reduces defects such as body welding cracks.

[0028] 4. Large volume, with arc-clad side walls and a curved roof, increases vehicle volume and improves carrying capacity. The side walls are composed of a steel-aluminum hybrid structure, and the aluminum alloy arc-clad structure is a pioneering example.

[0029] 5. The high-strength vehicle body structure meets heavy-duty load requirements, overcoming the conflict between large volume and low deadweight. The arc-clad aluminum alloy sidewall structure is equipped with multiple sets of partitions and connecting beams to ensure vehicle body strength. Together with the chassis, it bears vertical and longitudinal loads, resulting in a simple structure and excellent corrosion resistance.

[0030] 6. High sealing performance and high unloading efficiency bottom door structure. The unloading area is large and the unloading efficiency is high. The full-enclosed sealing method combining strip brushes and wear plates is adopted. It is targeted at small particle cargoes and protects the integrity of the cargo. At the same time, it improves the processability, reduces the difficulty of welding, and ensures the sealing performance of the bottom door.

[0031] 7. The vehicle bottom door has a large opening size, which enables fast unloading and high cleanliness. The bottom door is a detachable structure, connected to the funnel by bolts, which improves the interchangeability of the bottom door.

[0032] 8. The roof mechanism uses a built-in drive shaft to effectively utilize interior space and reduce vehicle height. The roof is welded from two identical closed box-shaped structures extruded from aluminum alloy, reducing its own weight, lowering the force required to open and close it, simplifying the roof opening and closing system, and improving system efficiency.

[0033] 9. The control system of the bottom door and top cover adopts pneumatic operation. Through the control button module set on the vehicle, it is convenient for the operator to stand on the ground at the end of the vehicle body to perform operations. It is easy to use and simple to operate, reducing labor intensity.

[0034] 10. The top cover and bottom door interlocking control technology realizes the linkage of top cover and bottom door movement, meeting the requirement that the top cover can only be opened and closed when all bottom doors are closed. This ensures driving safety and prevents cargo waste.

[0035] 11. The automatic parking function is realized by adopting the APB braking device, and a single-sided handbrake is configured to ensure manual parking when the APB brake fails, thereby improving the braking safety factor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the vehicle body; Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the chassis; Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the funnel; Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the bottom door; Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the side wall; Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the end wall skeleton; Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the end wall panel; Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of the roof; Figure 10 It is a structural diagram of the back of the roof; Figure 11 It is a structural diagram of the movable top cover; Figure 12 It is a structural diagram of the pneumatic control system; Figure 13 It is a structural diagram of the center beam; Figure 14 It is a structural diagram of the center beam and the center beam lower cover; Figure 15 It is a structural diagram of the traction beam; Reference numerals: 1-car body, 2-pneumatic control system, 3-brake system, 4-coupler buffer device, 5-bogie; 1.1-base frame, 1.2-funnel, 1.3-bottom door, 1.4-side wall, 1.5-end wall, 1.6-roof, 1.7-movable top cover 1.1.1- End beam composition, 1.1.2- Pillar beam composition, 1.1.3- Center beam composition, 1.1.4- Side beam composition, 1.1.5- Longitudinal beam composition, 1.1.6- Fender composition, 1.1.7- Steel floor; 1.1.3.1-center beam, 1.1.3.2-center beam lower cover, 1.1.3.3-traction beam; 1.2.1-Central spine, 1.2.2-End funnel plate, 1.2.3-Side funnel plate, 1.2.4-Longitudinal extension plate; 1.3.1-Bottom door frame assembly, 1.3.2-Bottom door panel assembly, 1.3.3-Roller assembly, 1.3.4-Cylinder assembly; 1.4.1-Side wall panels, 1.4.2-Partition walls, 1.4.3-Mounting beams, 1.4.1.1-Upper side beams; 1.5.1-end wall frame, 1.5.2-end wall panel; 1.5.1.1-Upper end edge, 1.5.1.2-Horizontal strap, 1.5.1.3-End column, 1.5.1.4-Diagonal brace, 1.5.1.5-Vertical column, 1.5.1.6-Connecting plate; 1.6.1-Roof panel, 1.6.2-Stiffener plate, 1.6.3-Loading port longitudinal beam, 1.6.4-Loading port end frame; 1.7.1-top cover, 1.7.2-drive shaft, 1.7.3-crank, 1.7.4-cylinder; 2.1-Pneumatic components, 2.2-Operation box, 2.3-Control box; 3.1-Air brake, 3.2-Hand brake. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0039] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish the descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0042] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 15 As shown, this embodiment provides a large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car, including a car body 1, a pneumatic control system 2, a braking system 3, a coupler buffer device 4 and a bogie 5; the car body 1 adopts a steel-aluminum hybrid structure, and the steel and aluminum structures of the car body 1 are connected by riveting; The vehicle body 1 includes a chassis 1.1, a funnel 1.2 arranged at the bottom of the chassis 1.1, a bottom door 1.3 arranged at the bottom of the funnel 1.2, two side walls 1.4 arranged on the left and right sides of the chassis 1.1, two end walls 1.5 arranged at the front and rear ends of the chassis 1.1, a roof 1.6 and a movable top cover 1.7. The roof 1.6 is arranged at the top of an open box surrounded by the two side walls 1.4 and the two end walls 1.5. The movable top cover 1.7 is located on the roof 1.6. The connection between the end wall 1.5 and the side wall 1.4 is connected by riveting with a stainless steel connecting plate, and the opening and closing of the top cover 1.7 and the bottom door 1.3 are completed by pneumatic interlocking.

[0043] Specifically, the braking system 3 includes an air brake 3.1 and a hand brake 3.2. The air brake 3.1 is composed of brake elements, an air cylinder, and seamless steel pipes; the hand brake 3.2 is composed of a hand brake mechanism and a non-metallic handwheel. The coupler and buffer device 4 consists of the coupler, buffer, and other related components. The bogie 5 is composed of side frames, bolsters, wheels, axles, and a TMX integrated brake.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 1, specifically: The chassis 1.1 comprises an end beam assembly 1.1.1, a bolster assembly 1.1.2, a center beam assembly 1.1.3, a side beam assembly 1.1.4, a longitudinal beam 1.1.5, a fender assembly 1.1.6 and a steel floor assembly 1.1.7; The end beams 1.1.1 and side beams 1.1.4 form the base frame. The bolsters 1.1.2 consist of two pieces, symmetrically arranged at the longitudinal ends of the base frame. The center beams 1.1.3 are longitudinally arranged in the middle of the base frame. The longitudinal beams 1.1.5 consist of two pieces, longitudinally arranged at the two side edges of the base frame. The fenders 1.1.6 and steel floor panels 1.1.7 consist of two sets, symmetrically arranged at the longitudinal ends of the base frame. The center beam assembly 1.1.3 is a closed box-type variable cross-section structure, comprising a center beam 1.1.3.1 in the middle, a center beam lower cover plate 1.1.3.2 arranged below the center beam 1.1.3.1, and two traction beams 1.1.3.3 respectively arranged at both ends of the center beam 1.1.3.1.

[0045] Specifically, the center beam component 1.1.3 is a closed box-type variable cross-section structure, and the center beam lower cover 1.1.3.2 is thickened to improve the load-bearing capacity of the center beam 1.1.3.1; the equal-section height traction beam 1.1.3.3 is connected to the two ends of the center beam 1.1.3.1 to improve the vehicle's load-bearing capacity and reduce the difficulty of the welding process; P690NQR high-strength weathering steel is used for welding to improve the vehicle's load-bearing capacity, such as Figure 13-15 shown.

[0046] Embodiment 3 This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 2, specifically: The funnel 1.2 includes two longitudinally arranged side funnel plates 1.2.3, two end funnel plates 1.2.2 connected between the edges of the two side funnel plates 1.2.3, a longitudinal extension plate 1.2.4 connected between the middle portions of the two end funnel plates 1.2.2, and a group of centrally arranged transversely arranged central ridges 1.2.1 connected between the middle portions of the two side funnel plates 1.2.3. The bottom of each side funnel plate 1.2.3 and each end funnel plate 1.2.2 is provided with a flange structure, and each side funnel plate 1.2.3 is arranged in the side wall 1.4 in a lap joint manner with the inner part being higher and the outer part being lower.

[0047] Specifically, a group of central ridges 1.2.1 is arranged transversely in the center of the vehicle body, and the side funnel plates 1.2.3 and the end funnel plates 1.2.2 form four small funnels with the longitudinal extension plate 1.2.4. The side funnel plates 1.2.3 and the end funnel plates 1.2.2 in contact with the grain are made of stainless steel to improve the rigidity and strength of the vehicle. In order to make the funnel 1.2 have good waterproof performance, the side funnel plates 1.2.3 are arranged in the side wall in a lap joint manner with the inner part being higher and the outer part being lower, and are connected by rivets. In order to improve the interchangeability of the bottom door 1.3 and enhance the strength and rigidity of the funnel plate, the funnel plate is provided with a bottom flange structure and is connected to the bottom door by bolts.

[0048] Embodiment 4 This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 3, specifically: The bottom door 1.3 includes a bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1, a bottom door plate assembly 1.3.2, a roller device 1.3.3, and a cylinder assembly 1.3.4. The bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1 adopts a complex multiple door hole structure, and the door frame assembly 1.3.1 and the bottom door plate assembly 1.3.2 are sealed by a combination of a strip brush and a wear plate. Specifically, the bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1 is designed in a modular manner and adopts a complex multiple door hole structure to increase the unloading area and improve the unloading efficiency. The sealing method combines a strip brush and a wear plate to protect the integrity of small and fine particle cargo. The strip brush, the end beam, and the bottom door plate assembly 1.3.2 make the residual grain on the vehicle body after unloading smaller. The bottom door 1.3 is connected to the vehicle body by bolts to improve interchangeability and prolong the service life of the vehicle. The specific structure of the bottom door 1.3 is as follows: Bottom door 1.3 comprises a bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1, a bottom door panel assembly 1.3.2 longitudinally slidingly disposed within bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1, a wear plate for sealing the connection between bottom door panel assembly 1.3.2 and the side wall of bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1, a cylinder assembly 1.3.4 for driving reciprocating motion of bottom door panel assembly 1.3.2, and a roller assembly 1.3.3 disposed on the outer wall of bottom door frame assembly 1.3.1 for supporting bottom door panel assembly 1.3.2. The bottom door frame component 1.3.1 is a double-layer frame welded together from aluminum alloy profiles. The bottom door panel component 1.3.2 is disposed between the upper and lower frames of the bottom door frame component 1.3.1. The bottom door panel component 1.3.2 is provided with a plurality of transverse door holes arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction. The upper frame is provided with a plurality of transverse ridges arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction. The number of transverse ridges is the same as the number of transverse door holes and they correspond one to one. Each transverse ridge is provided with a transverse brush on both sides of the longitudinal direction of the upper frame for sealing the corresponding transverse door hole. The bottom door panel component 1.3.2 is in direct contact with the wear plate and the transverse brush. The wear plate is arranged between the upper frame and the lower frame of the bottom door frame component 1.3.1 along the longitudinal direction of the bottom door frame component 1.3.1, and the wear plate portion is overlapped on the upper longitudinal side of the bottom door panel component 1.3.2.

[0049] Specifically, this solution ensures the sealing performance of the grain hopper car when transporting fine-grained goods through the sealing form of a combination of wear plates and transverse brushes, thereby improving the fine-grained grain cargo transportation and unloading capacity of the bottom door.

[0050] The bottom door frame component 1.3.1 is a multi-door hole structure of a double-layer frame in which a variety of aluminum alloy profiles are welded together. It adopts a modular design, has a simple structure, high manufacturability and is easy to manufacture.

[0051] For easy maintenance, the wear plate and horizontal brush are bolted to the bottom door frame to form a 1.3.1 connection. When the wear plate and nylon brush are worn, they can be directly replaced, reducing maintenance costs.

[0052] The sealing performance is highly manufacturable. During manufacturing, the matching dimensions of the wear plate, transverse brush and bottom door frame to form 1:3:1 can be adjusted according to the welding deformation to ensure the bottom door gap, improve the bottom door sealing performance and eliminate the uncontrollable influence caused by welding deformation.

[0053] Example 5 This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 4, specifically: The side wall 1.4 is a steel-aluminum riveted arc-clad plate structure. The side wall 1.4 includes a side wall panel 1.4.1 and a partition wall 1.4.2 arranged at equal intervals inside the side wall panel 1.4.1. A number of mounting beams 1.4.3 are evenly distributed between the two side wall panels 1.4.1. The side wall panels 1.4.1 and the partition walls 1.4.2 are connected with rivets. The side wall panel 1.4.1 adopts an arc-clad aluminum alloy welded structure. The partition wall 1.4.2 is an all-steel welded structure. The side wall panel 1.4.1 includes multiple transversely spliced ​​aluminum alloy single-layer panels. An upper side beam 1.4.1.1 is arranged on the top of the side wall panel 1.4.1. The upper side beam 1.4.1.1 is an inclined aluminum alloy hollow reinforced structure.

[0054] Specifically, sidewall panel 1.4.1 is an all-aluminum alloy welded structure, while partition wall 1.4.2 is an all-steel welded structure. Riveted connections are used between sidewall panels 1.4.1 and 1.4.2. Sidewall panel 1.4.1 utilizes an arc-wrapped aluminum alloy welded structure to increase vehicle volume and reduce vehicle weight. Upper side beam 1.4.1.1 utilizes an inclined aluminum alloy hollow reinforced structure to enhance overall vehicle strength and facilitate connection with other major vehicle components. Sidewall panel 1.4.1 utilizes a single-layer aluminum alloy horizontally spliced ​​structure to minimize welding deformation and improve sidewall performance. The joints at the sidewall panels utilize an inclined hook-angle structure on the inside of the vehicle body to prevent the accumulation of fine-grained cargo.

[0055] Example 6 This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 5, specifically: End wall 1.5 is a steel-aluminum riveted plate-column structure. It consists of an end wall frame 1.5.1 and end wall panels 1.5.2. Rivets are used to connect end wall frame 1.5.1 and end wall panels 1.5.2. The material of end wall frame 1.5.1 and end wall panels 1.5.2 is a hybrid structure combining aluminum alloy, high-strength weathering steel, and stainless steel. The parts of end wall frame 1.5.1 and end wall panels 1.5.2 that come into contact with cargo are all made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The end wall frame includes the upper end edge 1.5.1.1, transverse band 1.5.1.2, end column 1.5.1.3, diagonal brace 1.5.1.4, column 1.5.1.5 and connecting plate 1.5.1.6.

[0056] Specifically, the end wall 1.5 adopts a hybrid structure combining aluminum alloy, high-strength weathering steel and stainless steel. The parts of the end wall 1.5 that come into contact with the cargo are made of aluminum alloy and stainless steel, which improves the anti-corrosion performance and reduces the dead weight.

[0057] The roof 1.6 is an arc-shaped roof structure, which includes a roof panel 1.6.1, a plurality of stiffeners 1.6.2 arranged at intervals inside the roof panel 1.6.1, a loading port arranged on the roof panel 1.6.1, two loading port longitudinal beams 1.6.3 arranged at the longitudinal edge of the loading port, and a loading port end frame 1.6.4 arranged at the transverse edge of the loading port. The roof panel 1.6.1, stiffeners 1.6.2, loading port longitudinal beams 1.6.3 and loading port end frame 1.6.4 form an all-aluminum alloy welded structure, and the arc-shaped roof panel 1.6.1 and the upper side beam 1.4.1.1 adopt an outer-high-inner overlap method.

[0058] Specifically, the roof 1.6 adopts an arc-shaped roof structure to increase the vehicle volume; the loading port longitudinal beam 1.6.3 adopts an integrated aluminum alloy extruded profile to reduce welding deformation and improve the vehicle's fatigue life; it adopts an all-aluminum alloy welded structure to reduce its own weight; it is connected to the side wall 1.4 by riveting, and the arc-shaped roof panel 1.6.1 and the upper side beam 1.4.1.1 adopt an outer-high-inner overlap method to improve the vehicle body's rainproof performance.

[0059] The movable top cover 1.7 is set at the loading port; the movable top cover 1.7 includes a top cover 1.7.1, a transmission shaft 1.7.2, multiple cranks 1.7.3 arranged in parallel, and a cylinder 1.7.4 that drives the rotation rod of the transmission shaft 1.7.2. One end of each crank 1.7.3 is connected to the outside of the top cover 1.7.1, and the other end is fixed to the transmission shaft 1.7.2. The fulcrum seat mounting holes at both ends of the top cover 1.7.1 adopt a keyhole structure, and the top cover 1.7.1 adopts a hollow box-type splicing structure.

[0060] Specifically, the top cover 1.7.1 adopts a hollow box-type splicing structure to improve the flatness of the top cover, reduce the weight of the top cover, and improve the welding processability; the crank 1.7.3 inside the vehicle body and the drive shaft 1.7.2 are welded to reduce the weight and reduce the transition design margin; the inner support seat mounting hole of the top cover 1.7.1 adopts a keyhole structure to improve the interchangeability of the top cover and reduce the manufacturing difficulty; the drive shaft 1.7.2 has redundant backup for opening and closing to ensure that the strength of the drive shaft is met, and the top cover can also be opened using a single-ended cylinder 1.7.4.

[0061] Example 7 This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 6, specifically: The pneumatic control system 2 includes pneumatic components 2.1, an operating box 2.2 and a control box 2.3.

[0062] The operating box 2.2 includes a button valve for opening and closing the top cover 1.7.1, a button valve for opening and closing the bottom door 1.3, a button valve for controlling safety, and a shuttle valve. The control box 2.3 includes a two-position five-way pneumatic control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the top cover 1.7.1 and a two-position five-way pneumatic control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the bottom door 1.3.

[0063] Specifically, to prevent grain leakage during loading due to the top cover being accidentally opened when bottom door 1.3 is not closed, a redundant backup is provided for the top cover 1.7.1. When bottom door 1.3 is fully closed, the limit valve activates, allowing the top cover 1.7.1 to open. When bottom door 1.3 is not fully closed, the limit valve does not activate, preventing the top cover 1.7.1 from opening.

Claims

1. A large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car, characterized in that: It comprises a car body (1), a pneumatic control system (2), a braking system (3), a coupler buffer device (4) and a bogie (5); the car body (1) is a steel-aluminum structure, and the steel and aluminum structures of the car body (1) are connected by riveting; The vehicle body (1) comprises a chassis (1.1), a funnel (1.2) arranged at the bottom of the chassis (1.1), a bottom door (1.3) arranged at the bottom of the funnel (1.2), two side walls (1.4) arranged on the left and right sides of the chassis (1.1), two end walls (1.5) arranged at the front and rear ends of the chassis (1.1), a roof (1.6) and a movable top cover (1.7), wherein the roof (1.6) is arranged at the top of an open box body surrounded by the two side walls (1.4) and the two end walls (1.5), and the movable top cover (1.7) is located on the roof (1.6). The end walls (1.5) and the side walls (1.4) are connected by riveting with stainless steel connecting plates, and the top cover (1.7) and the bottom door (1.3) are opened and closed by pneumatic interlocking.

2. A large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis (1.1) includes an end beam assembly (1.1.1), a bolster assembly (1.1.2), a center beam assembly (1.1.3), a side beam assembly (1.1.4), a longitudinal beam (1.1.5), a fender assembly (1.1.6) and a steel floor (1.1.7); The end beam assembly (1.1.1) and the side beam assembly (1.1.4) form a chassis basic frame, the pillow beam assembly (1.1.2) is two in number and symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the longitudinal bottom of the chassis basic frame, the center beam assembly (1.1.3) is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the chassis basic frame, the longitudinal beams (1.1.5) are two in number and both are longitudinally arranged at the two side edges of the chassis basic frame; the fender assembly (1.1.6) and the steel floor (1.1.7) are two in number and are symmetrically arranged at the two longitudinal ends of the chassis basic frame; The center beam component (1.1.3) is a closed box-shaped variable cross-section structure, and the center beam component (1.1.3) includes a center beam (1.1.3.1) in the middle, and a a lower cover plate (1.1.3.2) on the lower side of the middle beam (1.1.3.1) and two traction beams (1.1.3.3) respectively arranged at both ends of the middle beam (1.1.3.1).

3. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 2, characterized in that: The funnel (1.2) comprises two side funnel plates (1.2.3) arranged longitudinally, two end funnel plates (1.2.2) connected between the edges of the two side funnel plates (1.2.3), a longitudinal extension plate (1.2.4) connected between the middle parts of the two end funnel plates (1.2.2), and a group of transversely arranged central ridges (1.2.1) connected between the middle parts of the two side funnel plates (1.2.3). A flange structure is provided at the bottom of each side funnel plate (1.2.3) and each end funnel plate (1.2.2). Each side funnel plate (1.2.3) is arranged in the side wall (1.4) in an overlapping manner with the inner side higher and the outer side lower.

4. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom door (1.3) comprises a bottom door frame component (1.3.1), a bottom door panel component (1.3.2), a roller device (1.3.3) and a cylinder assembly (1.3.4); the bottom door frame component (1.3.1) adopts a duplex multi-door hole structure; the door frame component (1.3.1) and the bottom door panel component (1.3.2) are sealed by a combination of a strip brush and a wear plate.

5. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side wall (1.4) is a steel-aluminum riveted arc-wrapped plate structure, the side wall (1.4) includes a side wall plate (1.4.1), a partition wall (1.4.2) arranged at equal intervals inside the side wall plate (1.4.1), a plurality of mounting beams (1.4.3) are evenly distributed between the two side wall plates (1.4.1), the side wall plates (1.4.1) and the partition wall (1.4.2) are connected by rivets, the side wall plate (1.4.1) adopts an arc-wrapped aluminum alloy welded structure, the partition wall (1.4.2) is an all-steel welded structure, the side wall plate (1.4.1) includes a plurality of transversely spliced ​​aluminum alloy single-layer plates, an upper side beam (1.4.1.1) is arranged on the top of the side wall plate (1.4.1), and the upper side beam (1.4.1.1) is an inclined aluminum alloy hollow reinforced structure.

6. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end wall (1.5) is a steel-aluminum riveted plate-column structure, the end wall (1.5) comprises an end wall frame (1.5.1) and an end wall plate (1.5.2), the end wall frame (1.5.1) and the end wall plate (1.5.2) are connected by rivets, the end wall frame (1.5.1) and the end wall plate (1.5.2) are made of a mixed structure of aluminum alloy, high-strength weathering steel and stainless steel, and the parts of the end wall frame (1.5.1) and the end wall plate (1.5.2) that come into contact with the cargo are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel; The end wall frame includes an upper end edge (1.5.1.1), a transverse band (1.5.1.2), an end column (1.5.1.3), a diagonal brace (1.5.1.4), a column (1.5.1.5) and a connecting plate (1.5.1.6).

7. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 6, characterized in that: The roof (1.6) is an arc-shaped roof structure, comprising a roof panel (1.6.1), a plurality of ribs (1.6.2) arranged in an interval manner inside the roof panel (1.6.1), a loading port arranged on the roof panel (1.6.1), two loading port longitudinal beams (1.6.3) arranged at the longitudinal edge of the loading port, and a loading port end frame (1.6.4) arranged at the transverse edge of the loading port. The roof panel (1.6.1), the ribs (1.6.2), the loading port longitudinal beams (1.6.3), and the loading port end frame (1.6.4) form an all-aluminum alloy welded structure, and the arc-shaped roof panel (1.6.1) and the upper side beam (1.4.1.1) are overlapped in a manner in which the outer side is high and the inner side is low.

8. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 7, characterized in that: The movable top cover (1.7) is arranged at the loading port; The movable top cover (1.7) comprises a top cover (1.7.1), a transmission shaft (1.7.2), a plurality of cranks (1.7.3) arranged in parallel, and a cylinder (1.7.4) for driving a rotation rod of the transmission shaft (1.7.2), one end of each crank (1.7.3) being connected to the outer side of the top cover (1.7.1) and the other end being fixed to the transmission shaft (1.7.2), the fulcrum seat mounting holes at both ends of the top cover (1.7.1) adopt a keyhole structure, and the top cover (1.7.1) adopts a hollow box-type splicing structure.

9. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pneumatic control system (2) comprises a pneumatic element (2.1), an operating box (2.2) and a control box (2.3). The operating box (2.2) includes a button valve for opening the top cover (1.7.1), a button valve for closing the top cover (1.7.1), a button valve for opening the bottom door (1.3), a button valve for closing the bottom door (1.3), a button valve for controlling safety, and a shuttle valve.

10. The large-capacity aluminum alloy grain hopper car according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control box (2.3) includes a two-position five-way pneumatic control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the top cover (1.7.1) and a two-position five-way pneumatic control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the bottom door (1.3).

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