Wear-resistant heat-insulating film and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a wear-resistant heat-insulating film and a preparation method thereof. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film comprises a base material layer and a hardened glue layer, the hardened glue layer is formed by curing a coating liquid containing 40%-50% of epoxy resin, 5%-10% of a vinyl reactive diluent, 1%-3% of a cationic initiator, 10%-20% of nano tungsten oxide particles, 0.5%-1% of a titanate chelate, 1%-3% of an ultraviolet light absorber, 0.15%-0.3% of an acidic dispersant, 0.2%-1% of a leveling agent and a solvent, and all the components have a synergistic effect; therefore, the hardened glue layer has high hardness, high wear resistance, ultraviolet resistance, infrared resistance and high visible light transmittance. According to the preparation method, the nano tungsten oxide particles and the titanate chelate are mixed in the solvent, then the other components are added, the steps of coating, curing and the like are performed, the construction temperature is controlled to be 100-130 DEG C, the thickness of a dry film is 1.5-2 microns, the film coating efficiency can be improved, and the production cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermal insulation films, and in particular to a wear-resistant thermal insulation film and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern industry and daily life, thermal insulation film, as a functional film material, plays an important role in architecture, automobiles, electronic displays, and other fields. In particular, in applications with high requirements for thermal insulation and protection, wear-resistant thermal insulation film is experiencing growing market demand due to its ability to effectively block infrared and ultraviolet rays while also offering a certain degree of wear resistance.

[0003] Currently, the industry has developed a variety of technical models for the preparation of wear-resistant and heat-insulating films. One method involves coating the glass surface with a metal layer and sandwiching anti-UV glue between two layers of glass to achieve both infrared and UV protection. This approach leverages the metal layer's reflective properties for infrared radiation and the anti-UV glue's ability to absorb or reflect UV radiation, achieving both thermal insulation and protection. However, this approach requires coating on a rigid glass substrate, resulting in relatively low coating efficiency and difficulty meeting the demands of large-scale, high-efficiency production. Furthermore, the inherent non-foldable nature of glass limits its use in applications requiring flexibility.

[0004] Another common solution is to add a material with certain infrared absorption and reflection properties to the interior of the substrate during the substrate extrusion process, and then apply a hardening layer to the front of the substrate and an anti-UV glue to the back. By incorporating infrared absorption and reflection materials into the substrate, the film can be given a certain degree of heat insulation function. At the same time, the hardening layer on the front can enhance the wear resistance of the film, and the anti-UV glue on the back provides UV protection. However, the production process of this solution is relatively complicated, involving multiple steps such as material addition, substrate extrusion, hardening coating on the front, and coating of anti-UV glue on the back. Each process may introduce certain adverse factors, resulting in insufficient product yield, increased production costs and difficulty in quality control.

[0005] Another approach involves coating the front of the substrate with a metal layer, then applying a layer of hardened glue on top of the metal layer, and then coating the back with UV-resistant glue. The front metal layer provides thermal insulation, the hardened glue enhances wear resistance, and the back UV-resistant glue provides UV protection. However, similar to the first approach, the metallization of the front of the substrate also suffers from low coating efficiency, which hinders improvements in production efficiency.

[0006] In summary, although the existing technology has made certain progress in the preparation of wear-resistant thermal insulation films, it still faces problems such as low coating efficiency, complex production process, and insufficient yield. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a wear-resistant heat-insulating film that has high wear resistance, infrared resistance, and ultraviolet resistance, while also having high coating efficiency and yield. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solution: the wear-resistant heat-insulating film of the present application comprises a substrate layer and a hardened glue layer, wherein the hardened glue layer is formed by curing a coating liquid on the substrate layer, and the coating liquid comprises the following components in weight percentage: Epoxy resin 40%-50% Vinyl reactive diluent 5%-10% Cationic initiator 1%-3% Nano tungsten oxide particles 10%-20% Titanate chelate 0.5%-1% The remaining components are solvents.

[0008] In one embodiment, the coating solution further includes an ultraviolet light absorber, and the weight percentage of the ultraviolet light absorber is 1%-3%.

[0009] In one embodiment, the coating solution further includes an acidic dispersant, and the weight percentage of the acidic dispersant is 0.15%-0.3%.

[0010] In one embodiment, the coating liquid further includes a leveling agent, and the weight percentage of the leveling agent is 0.2%-1%.

[0011] In one embodiment, the titanate chelate is one or more of bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate, and trialkoxybutyl phosphate titanate dimer.

[0012] In one embodiment, the cationic initiator is one or more of aryl diazonium salts, diaryl iodonium salts, triaryl iodonium salts, and aryl ferrocenium salts.

[0013] In one embodiment, the particle size of the nano-tungsten oxide particles is in the range of 100 nm to 300 nm.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness of the substrate layer is in the range of 13-250 μm, and the material of the substrate layer is PET, PC, TAC or COP.

[0015] In addition, the present application further provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant heat-insulating film, comprising: Adding nano-tungsten oxide particles and titanate chelate into a solvent to perform a first raw material mixing to obtain a mixed solution; Adding epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent to the mixed solution, performing a second raw material mixing to obtain a coating solution; Applying the coating liquid on the substrate layer, and forming a hardened glue layer on the substrate layer after the coating liquid is cured; After the coating liquid is applied on the base material layer, the temperature is maintained at 90° C. or higher to solidify the coating liquid.

[0016] In one embodiment, the method further includes adding an acidic dispersant in the first raw material mixing step, and adding a leveling agent and an ultraviolet light absorber in the second raw material mixing step.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: The wear-resistant thermal insulation film of this application comprises a hardened glue layer formed by curing a coating liquid. The coating liquid contains epoxy resin as the primary film-forming substance. Nano-tungsten oxide particles are added to the coating liquid to effectively absorb and reflect infrared and ultraviolet rays. When infrared or ultraviolet rays strike the wear-resistant thermal insulation film, the nano-tungsten oxide particles effectively block these harmful rays, reducing heat transfer and ultraviolet penetration, thereby achieving excellent infrared and ultraviolet resistance.

[0018] The added acidic dispersant ensures uniform dispersion of the nano-tungsten oxide particles and other components in the coating solution, preventing particle agglomeration that could affect the uniformity and density of the adhesive layer, thereby ensuring the overall quality of the hardened adhesive layer. During the curing process, the components tightly bond to form a tightly structured, high-hardness hardened adhesive layer, making the wear-resistant thermal insulation film wear-resistant while effectively resisting friction and scratches.

[0019] The preparation method of this application utilizes a method of coating a substrate layer after mixing the raw materials. The coating liquid is then cured by maintaining a temperature above 90°C to form a hardened adhesive layer. Compared to existing processes such as metal plating on glass, this coating process is simpler to operate and has a shorter process. It does not require complex equipment or difficult operating techniques, and can produce large quantities of films in a short period of time, improving coating efficiency and meeting the needs of large-scale production while reducing production costs and time.

[0020] During the preparation process, two raw material mixing steps are performed: nano-tungsten oxide particles and titanate chelate are first added to the solvent for the first raw material mixing to obtain a mixed solution, and then epoxy resin, vinyl reactive diluent, etc. are added to the mixed solution for the second raw material mixing to obtain a coating liquid. This step-by-step mixing method can ensure that the components are fully mixed and evenly, avoiding unstable coating liquid performance caused by uneven mixing.

[0021] In summary, the wear-resistant heat-insulating film and preparation method thereof of the present application achieve high wear resistance, excellent anti-infrared and anti-ultraviolet capabilities, high coating efficiency and yield, and good substrate applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the wear-resistant heat-insulating film in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the method for preparing the wear-resistant heat-insulating film in the embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals: 100, base material layer; 200, hardened glue layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only some, rather than all, structures related to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] As used herein, the terms "comprise," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements but may optionally include steps or elements not listed, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0026] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0027] As a key material that combines functional protection and performance optimization, especially wear-resistant and heat-insulating films, the market demand for thermal insulation films is constantly increasing as various industries pursue improved product quality. At present, although the industry has explored a variety of preparation technology models for wear-resistant and heat-insulating films, they all have limitations to varying degrees. In view of this, it is necessary to develop a wear-resistant and heat-insulating film and its preparation method that can break through the limitations of existing technologies, have high wear resistance, excellent anti-infrared and anti-ultraviolet capabilities, and have high coating efficiency and yield. This application proposes a new wear-resistant and heat-insulating film and its preparation method, which will be introduced in detail below. Please refer to Figure 1In a preferred embodiment of the present application, a wear-resistant heat-insulating film includes a substrate layer 100 and a hardened glue layer 200. The hardened glue layer 200 is formed by curing a coating liquid on the substrate layer 100. The coating liquid includes the following components in weight percentages: Epoxy resin 40%-50% Vinyl reactive diluent 5%-10% Cationic initiator 1%-3% Nano tungsten oxide particles 10%-20% Titanate chelate 0.5%-1% The remaining components are solvents.

[0028] Epoxy resin, the primary film-forming substance in the coating solution, forms a three-dimensional network structure during the curing process. The choice of different epoxy resins, such as bisphenol A epoxy (such as Cytec UVACURE 1561) or aliphatic epoxy (such as Dow UVR 6110), allows performance adjustments based on specific application scenarios. Bisphenol A epoxy resin offers high strength and chemical resistance, while aliphatic epoxy resins offer excellent flexibility and weather resistance. The network structure formed by the epoxy resin imparts high hardness (capable of exceeding 500 g²H) to the hardened adhesive layer 200, making it resistant to scratches and abrasion, extending the life of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film.

[0029] The primary function of a vinyl-reactive diluent is to reduce the high viscosity of the epoxy resin, improve the fluidity of the coating solution, and enable better coating on substrate layer 100 while also increasing adhesion to the substrate. Suitable options include styrene, vinyl acetate, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone. These diluents not only effectively dilute the epoxy resin but also participate in the reaction during the curing process, forming covalent bonds with the epoxy resin. This further enhances the cohesive force of the hardened adhesive layer 200 and its bond strength to the substrate, ensuring that the wear-resistant thermal insulation film will not easily fall off during use.

[0030] Since the coating liquid of the present application has an anti-ultraviolet effect, it cannot be cured by ultraviolet light, and the wear resistance of heat-curing glue is poor, so a cationic initiator is selected to initiate the curing reaction of double bonds or epoxy to achieve a high wear-resistant effect. Optional cationic initiators such as aryl diazonium salts, diaryl iodonium salts, triaryl iodonium salts, and aromatic ferrocenium salts can produce cationic active centers under heating conditions, initiating the polymerization reaction of vinyl reactive diluent and epoxy resin. This cationic curing method has the advantages of fast curing speed, small shrinkage, and low internal stress. It can form a tightly structured hardened glue layer 200, thereby improving the wear resistance of the wear-resistant heat insulation film.

[0031] As an inorganic nanomaterial, tungsten oxide nanoparticles effectively block infrared radiation. After curing, they exist as a dispersion in the resin. Their small particle size allows for uniform dispersion, forming numerous scattering centers that scatter and absorb infrared radiation, thereby reducing its transmittance. Full optical spectrometer testing shows that infrared transmittance is less than 2% in infrared bands such as 800nm ​​and 900nm, achieving excellent infrared protection and improving thermal insulation performance.

[0032] The main function of titanate chelate is to chelate and connect nano-tungsten oxide particles with resin. The binding force between nano-tungsten oxide particles and resin is weak. Titanate chelate can react with active groups such as hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano-tungsten oxide particles to form chemical bonds. At the same time, it interacts with the resin molecular chain, which can improve the dispersion stability of nano-tungsten oxide particles in the resin and further enhance the wear resistance of the hardened glue layer 200, making it perform well in the wear resistance test (#0000 steel wool 1kg 200 times wear resistance).

[0033] The function of the solvent is to dissolve and disperse the other components in the coating liquid, adjust the viscosity and rheological properties of the coating liquid, and make it suitable for the requirements of the coating process. Optional solvents include one or more mixtures of butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and isobutyl alcohol. These solvents have good solubility and volatility, allowing the coating liquid to evenly cover the substrate layer 100 during the coating process and gradually evaporate during the curing process.

[0034] Through the synergistic effect of the aforementioned components, the hardened glue layer 200 exhibits multiple properties, including high hardness, high wear resistance, and UV and infrared resistance. In wear resistance tests, it withstood 200 friction cycles of 1 kg of #0000 steel wool without significant wear. In terms of UV and infrared resistance, full optical spectrometer testing revealed UV transmittance of less than 2% in the 320nm and 380nm UV bands, and less than 2% in the 800nm ​​and 900nm infrared bands, achieving excellent protection. Furthermore, the hardened glue layer 200 exhibits a high visible light transmittance (greater than 88%), ensuring that the wear-resistant thermal insulation film offers excellent protective properties without significantly affecting light transmission, making it suitable for applications requiring high light transmittance.

[0035] To further enhance the UV resistance of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film, the coating liquid formulation includes the aforementioned epoxy resin, vinyl reactive diluent, cationic initiator, nano-tungsten oxide particles, titanate chelate, and solvent. A UV absorber can be added to the coating liquid in addition to the aforementioned components. The weight percentage of the UV absorber in the coating liquid should be controlled within a reasonable range of 1%-3%. In practical applications, high-performance benzotriazine or benzotriazole UV absorbers can be selected. Examples of benzotriazine UV absorbers include UV-360, while benzotriazole UV absorbers include UV-P.

[0036] By adding 1%-3% by weight of a UV absorber, the wear-resistant thermal insulation film's UV absorption capacity can be further enhanced. Combined with the infrared shielding effect of the aforementioned nano-tungsten oxide particles, the wear-resistant thermal insulation film offers excellent protection across the entire spectrum. In actual testing, this further reduced UV transmittance, minimizing UV damage to the protected object. Prolonged UV exposure can cause film material aging and degradation, reducing its physical properties (such as hardness and flexibility) and chemical properties (such as chemical resistance). UV absorbers absorb UV rays, reducing direct UV exposure to the film material and thus reducing the likelihood of photochemical reactions. The addition of UV absorbers further enhances the stability of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film in UV environments. Furthermore, an appropriate amount of UV absorber in the coating solution can also provide dispersion and stabilization.

[0037] In the coating liquid formulation, an acidic dispersant is incorporated into the coating liquid, in addition to epoxy resin, vinyl reactive diluent, cationic initiator, nano-tungsten oxide particles, titanate chelate, UV absorber, and solvent, to ensure uniform and stable dispersion of the nano-tungsten oxide particles throughout the coating liquid, thereby forming a hardened adhesive layer 200. The weight percentage of the acidic dispersant in the coating liquid is controlled within the range of 0.15% to 0.3%.

[0038] The acidic dispersant has a hydrophilic group at one end of the molecule and a lipophilic group at the other end. Taking the common polycarboxylic acid acidic dispersant as an example, the hydrophilic group interacts with solvent molecules such as water molecules, effectively reducing the surface energy between the nano-tungsten oxide particles and reducing the agglomeration of the particles. The acidic dispersant inhibits particle agglomeration and maintains the uniform dispersion of the particles in the coating liquid, thereby improving the stability of the coating liquid. After adding the acidic dispersant, the coating liquid can maintain stability for a long time during storage and use, is less likely to delaminate and precipitate, ensures the quality consistency of the coating liquid, and facilitates the operation of the coating process. The presence of the acidic dispersant helps the interaction between the nano-tungsten oxide particles and the resin molecules, enhances the interfacial bonding between the two, and after adding the acidic dispersant, the coating liquid can form a more flat and smooth hardened glue layer 200 during the coating process.

[0039] In order to improve the overall performance of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film, a leveling agent is also added, and the weight percentage of the leveling agent in the coating liquid is controlled in the range of 0.2%-1%. Leveling agents can be selected from a variety of types such as polyether modified silicone, polyester modified silicone, alkyl modified silicone, etc. During the coating process, the coating liquid will form a liquid film on the surface of the substrate. Due to the uneven distribution of surface tension, the liquid film is prone to surface defects such as shrinkage holes, orange peel, and sagging. The leveling agent molecules have a lower surface tension. When added to the coating liquid, they will quickly migrate to the surface of the liquid film and reduce the surface tension of the liquid film. By adding a leveling agent, the coating liquid can better wet the surface of the substrate. Even if there are some tiny bumps or defects on the surface of the substrate, it can be evenly covered on the substrate, which helps to improve the adhesion between the hardened glue layer 200 and the substrate, and reduce problems such as film shedding due to insufficient adhesion. During the actual coating process, changes in environmental conditions (such as temperature and humidity) and coating equipment (such as coating speed and coating thickness) may affect the coating effect. Leveling agents can enhance the adaptability of the coating liquid to environmental conditions and coating equipment, and reduce fluctuations in coating quality caused by changes in external factors.

[0040] The titanate chelate is specifically one or more of bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate, and trialkoxybutyl phosphate titanate dimer. These titanate chelates have unique molecular structures. For example, bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate contains acetylacetonato and diisopropoxy ligands. The acetylacetonato group can form a stable chelate ring with metal ions, enhancing the interaction between the titanate and other components in the system. The diisopropoxy group has a certain degree of reactivity and can participate in chemical reactions under specific conditions. Bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate and bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate are structurally similar to bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate. Trialkoxybutyl phosphate titanate dimer has a unique dimer structure, which can play a unique role in catalysis and coupling in the system.

[0041] Due to their high specific surface area and surface energy, nano-tungsten oxide particles are prone to agglomeration in the coating solution. The alkoxy groups in the titanate chelate molecules can react chemically with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nano-tungsten oxide particles, forming chemical bonds, thereby anchoring the titanate chelate to the surface of the nano-tungsten oxide particles. At the same time, ligands such as the acetylacetonate group can provide steric hindrance, preventing the nano-tungsten oxide particles from approaching and agglomerating. The addition of a specific type of titanate chelate allows the nano-tungsten oxide particles to be evenly dispersed in the coating solution, forming a stable suspension. This facilitates uniform distribution of the nano-tungsten oxide particles during the curing process, fully utilizing their infrared blocking function and improving the infrared resistance of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film. It also ensures the stability and uniformity of the coating solution, reducing coating defects caused by particle agglomeration. By enhancing the compatibility between the components, the coating solution can form a more uniform and stable system. Furthermore, the addition of a titanate chelate shortens the curing time of the coating solution, improving production efficiency. During the curing process, the titanate chelate participates in intermolecular crosslinking reactions, increasing the crosslink density of the hardened adhesive layer 200 and enhancing its mechanical properties and chemical stability. This improves the hardness, wear resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance of the hardened adhesive layer 200. The use of specific titanate chelates, such as bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate, or trialkoxybutyl phosphate titanate dimer, in the coating solution promotes the dispersion and stability of tungsten oxide nanoparticles, enhances the compatibility between the components, catalyzes the curing reaction, and improves the properties of the hardened adhesive layer 200.

[0042] The cationic initiator is specifically selected from one or more of aryl diazonium salts, diaryl iodonium salts, triaryl iodonium salts, and aryl ferrocenium salts. Aryl diazonium salts are a class of compounds containing a diazonium group (-N⁺). In their structure, an aryl group is linked to a diazonium group. The diazonium group has high reactivity and can decompose under specific conditions to produce a cationic active center. Both diaryl iodonium salts and triaryl iodonium salts belong to the iodonium salt class of cationic initiators and have a similar core structure, namely, two or three aryl groups bridged by iodine atoms. The iodine-aryl bond in the iodonium salt is easily broken under conditions such as light or heat, releasing cations and free radicals, thereby initiating cationic polymerization. Aryl ferrocenium salts are a new type of cationic photoinitiator. Their molecular structure contains a ferrocenium group and a photolyzable ligand. Under the action of light, the ligand dissociates, producing cationic active species, which in turn initiate cationic polymerization of monomers such as epoxy resins.

[0043] Aryl diazonium salts, diaryliodonium salts, triaryliodonium salts, and ferrocenium salts undergo specific chemical reactions, decomposing to produce cationic active centers. These can rapidly undergo ring-opening reactions with epoxy groups in monomers such as epoxy resins, initiating chain polymerization and interconnecting monomer molecules to form high-molecular-weight polymers, thereby curing the coating solution. Cationic initiators exhibit good compatibility with other components in the coating solution (such as epoxy resins and vinyl reactive diluents).

[0044] In the formulation of the wear-resistant and thermal insulation film coating liquid, nano-tungsten oxide particles serve as functional fillers, and their particle size plays a crucial role in the performance of the final film. The particle size of the nano-tungsten oxide particles is controlled within the range of 100nm-300nm. When the particle size of the nano-tungsten oxide particles is too small, due to their extremely high specific surface area, the number of atoms on the particle surface increases, and the surface energy increases sharply. This leads to strong interactions between the particles, making agglomeration very likely to occur. Once agglomerated to form larger particle clusters, it is difficult to effectively disperse them in the coating liquid through conventional stirring and dispersion methods, resulting in uneven distribution of the nano-tungsten oxide particles in the coating liquid. When the particle size is too large, its scattering effect on visible light will be enhanced, resulting in a significant reduction in the transmittance of visible light.

[0045] In the overall structural design of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film, the substrate layer 100 serves as the supporting and load-bearing component. Its thickness and material selection play a decisive role in the film's performance. The thickness of the substrate layer 100 is controlled within the range of 13-250 μm. The material used for the substrate layer 100 is PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), TAC (triacetyl cellulose), or COP (cycloolefin polymer). If the thickness of the substrate layer 100 is too thin, such as less than 13 μm, the film's mechanical strength will be reduced. If the thickness of the substrate layer 100 is too thick, for example, exceeding 250 μm, the film's flexibility will be reduced.

[0046] In addition, the present application further provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant and heat-insulating film, comprising: adding nano-tungsten oxide particles and titanate chelate to a solvent, performing a first raw material mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent to the mixed solution, performing a second raw material mixing to obtain a coating liquid, coating the coating liquid on the substrate layer 100, and forming a hardened glue layer 200 on the substrate layer 100 after the coating liquid is cured, wherein, after the coating liquid is coated on the substrate layer 100, the temperature is maintained above 90°C to solidify the coating liquid.

[0047] First, nano-tungsten oxide particles and titanate chelate are added to a solvent in a predetermined ratio. After these ingredients are added to the solvent, they are placed in a mixing device with good stirring capabilities and stirred at an appropriate speed for the first mixing of the ingredients. During the mixing process, by controlling the stirring time and speed, the nano-tungsten oxide particles are evenly dispersed in the solvent and the titanate chelate is fully dissolved, ultimately obtaining a uniform and stable mixed solution.

[0048] Secondary Raw Material Mixing: Epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent are then added sequentially to the mixed solution obtained from the first mixing step. Epoxy resin, as the primary film-forming substance, imparts excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability to the wear-resistant thermal insulation film. The vinyl reactive diluent is used to adjust the coating solution's viscosity and improve its application performance. After adding the epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent, the stirring equipment is restarted for the second raw material mixing step. By adjusting the stirring parameters, the epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent are fully integrated into the mixed solution, forming a uniform coating solution.

[0049] Coating and curing: Then, use suitable coating equipment to evenly coat the prepared coating liquid on the pre-prepared substrate layer 100. The material of the substrate layer 100 can be selected according to the specific application requirements, such as PET, PC, TAC or COP, and its thickness is controlled within the range of 13-250μm. After the coating liquid is coated on the substrate layer 100, it enters the curing stage. Since the cross-linking reaction of the titanate chelate requires a relatively high temperature, in order to ensure the curing effect, the construction temperature is preferably controlled within the range of 100-130°C. Maintaining this temperature allows the coating liquid to fully cure, forming a hardened glue layer 200 with excellent performance on the substrate layer 100.

[0050] In a more detailed process operation, the solvent, acidic dispersant, nano-tungsten oxide, and titanate chelate are added to a sealed container in sequence. The acidic dispersant can effectively reduce the surface energy of the nano-tungsten oxide particles, reduce the agglomeration phenomenon between particles, and improve its dispersibility in the system. After addition, the high-speed stirring equipment is started and high-speed stirring is carried out at a speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes to fully disperse the nano-tungsten oxide particles and evenly dissolve the titanate chelate. Subsequently, the resin, diluent, leveling agent, ultraviolet light absorber, and initiator are added in sequence, and high-speed stirring is continued for 1 hour to ensure that all components are fully mixed. Finally, a gravure roller is used to coat the substrate. By precisely controlling the speed and pressure of the gravure roller, the coating liquid is evenly coated on the substrate surface, and the dry film thickness is controlled to be 1.5-2 microns.

[0051] During the initial raw material mixing process, by adding an acidic dispersant to the solvent and employing high-speed stirring, the acidic dispersant adsorbs onto the surface of the nano-tungsten oxide particles, altering the surface charge distribution and increasing the electrostatic repulsion between the particles, thereby effectively preventing particle agglomeration. Simultaneously, the strong shear force generated by high-speed stirring further breaks up any existing agglomerates, allowing the nano-tungsten oxide particles to be evenly dispersed in the solvent. These evenly dispersed nano-tungsten oxide particles in the coating solution can fully demonstrate their infrared radiation blocking function, enhancing the thermal insulation performance of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film. Furthermore, evenly dispersed particles prevent localized performance variations caused by agglomeration, resulting in more stable overall film performance.

[0052] The addition of a vinyl-based reactive diluent adjusts the coating solution's viscosity, ensuring good fluidity and spreadability during the coating process. Furthermore, precise control of the stirring time and speed ensures thorough and uniform mixing of the components, avoiding unstable coating solution properties caused by uneven component distribution. This allows the coating solution to be evenly applied to the substrate layer 100, forming a coating with uniform thickness and a smooth surface. This helps improve the optical and mechanical properties of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film and reduces defects caused by uneven coating, such as bubbles and streaks.

[0053] During the curing stage, the construction temperature is preferably controlled within the range of 100-130°C, which can provide suitable conditions for the cross-linking reaction of the titanate chelate. At this temperature, the titanate chelate can fully react chemically with components such as the epoxy resin to form a highly cross-linked network structure, thereby improving the hardness, wear resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance of the hardened glue layer 200. By using a gravure roller for coating and controlling the speed and pressure of the gravure roller, the amount of coating liquid applied can be controlled. At the same time, during the coating process, the evaporation rate of the solvent will also affect the dry film thickness. By reasonably controlling the construction temperature and ventilation conditions, the evaporation rate of the solvent can be adjusted to ensure that the dry film thickness meets the requirement of 1.5-2 microns. Dry film thickness control can ensure the performance consistency of the film and improve the quality and reliability of the product.

[0054] Specifically, during the preparation of the wear-resistant thermal insulation film, a hardened glue layer 200 is ultimately formed through raw material addition and process control. During the first raw material mixing step, in addition to the nano-tungsten oxide particles and titanate chelate compound being added to the solvent in specific proportions, an acidic dispersant is also added. Due to its unique chemical structure and surface activity, the acidic dispersant improves the dispersion of the nano-tungsten oxide particles in the solvent, effectively reducing interparticle agglomeration and ensuring a uniform and stable suspension of the nano-tungsten oxide particles in the solvent.

[0055] During the second raw material mixing step, epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent are added in sequence, along with a leveling agent and UV absorber. The leveling agent reduces the surface tension of the coating liquid, enhancing its fluidity and wettability, allowing the coating liquid to spread automatically and evenly on the substrate surface, forming a smooth coating and reducing surface defects. The UV absorber absorbs ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength, converting it into harmless heat and releasing it. This prevents UV damage to the hardened glue layer 200, thereby extending the life of the film.

[0056] The hardened glue layer 200 formed after the above-described treatment exhibits excellent properties in many aspects. Hardness testing methods have shown a hardness greater than 500g²H, demonstrating its high resistance to external forces, effectively resisting scratches and compression from external objects, and maintaining a smooth and intact film surface. In terms of wear resistance, a wear test using #0000 steel wool at a pressure of 1kg for 200 cycles revealed that the hardened glue layer 200 remained intact, showing no visible scratches or wear, demonstrating its excellent wear resistance.

[0057] Testing of UV and infrared resistance using a full optical spectrometer revealed transmittances of less than 2% at wavelengths of 320nm, 380nm, 800nm, and 900nm. This data demonstrates that the hardened adhesive layer 200 effectively blocks UV and infrared radiation. Furthermore, the hardened adhesive layer 200 exhibits excellent optical properties, with a visible light transmittance exceeding 88%. Specific embodiments Some specific implementation methods will be further introduced below to further explain the technical solution of this application in detail.

[0059] Example 1 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate chelate were added to butanone and stirred at a speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, bisphenol A epoxy (UVACURE 1561), styrene, and aryl diazonium salt were added. The mixture was stirred at a high speed for 1 hour and coated on the substrate using a gravure roller. The temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of bisphenol A epoxy, styrene, aryl diazonium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate chelate in the coating solution were 50%, 10%, 3%, 20%, and 1%, respectively.

[0060] Example 2 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate chelate were added to butanone and stirred at a speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, bisphenol A epoxy (UVACURE 1561), styrene, and aryl diazonium salt were added and stirred at a high speed for 1 hour. The coating was carried out on the substrate using a gravure roller and the temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of bisphenol A epoxy, styrene, aryl diazonium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate chelate in the coating solution were 40%, 5%, 1%, 10%, and 0.5%, respectively.

[0061] Example 3 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate were added to ethyl acetate and stirred at a high speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, aliphatic epoxy (Dow UVR6110), vinyl acetate, and diaryl iodonium salt were added and stirred at a high speed for 1 hour. The mixture was coated on the substrate using a gravure roller and the temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of aliphatic epoxy, vinyl acetate, diaryl iodonium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate in the coating solution were 40%, 10%, 1%, 20%, and 0.5%, respectively.

[0062] Example 4 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate were added to ethyl acetate and stirred at a high speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, aliphatic epoxy (Dow UVR6110), vinyl acetate, and diaryl iodonium salt were added and stirred at a high speed for 1 hour. The mixture was coated on the substrate using a gravure roller and the temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of aliphatic epoxy, vinyl acetate, diaryl iodonium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate in the coating solution were 50%, 5%, 3%, 10%, and 1%, respectively.

[0063] Example 5 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate were added to isopropyl alcohol and stirred at a high speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, bisphenol A epoxy (UVACURE1561), N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and triaryl iodonium salt were added and stirred at a high speed for 1 hour. The coating was carried out on the substrate using a gravure roller and the temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of bisphenol A epoxy, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, triaryl iodonium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate in the coating solution were 45%, 8%, 2%, 15%, and 0.8%, respectively.

[0064] Example 6 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and trialkoxy butyl phosphate titanate dimer were added to butyl acetate and stirred at a high speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, aliphatic epoxy (Dow UVR6110), vinyl acetate, and aromatic ferrocenium salt were added, and the mixture was stirred at a high speed for 1 hour. The mixture was coated on the substrate using a gravure roller, and the temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of aliphatic epoxy, vinyl acetate, aromatic ferrocenium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and trialkoxy butyl phosphate titanate dimer in the coating solution were 48%, 9%, 2.5%, 18%, and 0.9%, respectively.

[0065] Example 7 Nano-tungsten oxide particles and trialkoxy butyl phosphate titanate dimer were added to propylene glycol methyl ether and stirred at a high speed of 2000 rpm for 60 minutes. After the first mixing was completed, bisphenol A epoxy (UVACURE 1561), N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and aromatic ferrocenium salt were added. The mixture was stirred at a high speed for 1 hour and coated on the substrate using a gravure roller. The temperature was controlled within the range of 100-130°C to allow the titanate to react. The weight percentages of bisphenol A epoxy, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, aromatic ferrocenium salt, nano-tungsten oxide particles, and trialkoxy butyl phosphate titanate dimer in the coating solution were 42%, 6%, 1.5%, 12%, and 0.6%, respectively.

[0066] Example 8 On the basis of Example 1, 1% by weight of benzotriazine (ultraviolet light absorber) UV-360 was added, and the rest remained the same as Example 1.

[0067] Embodiment 9 On the basis of Example 1, 0.15% by weight of a polycarboxylic acidic dispersant DISPERBYK-108 was added, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 1 On the basis of Example 1, no bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate chelate was added. Comparative Example 2 Based on Example 1, the weight percentage of bisphenol A epoxy is selected to be 20%.

[0069] The above embodiments were tested. In the wear resistance test, Examples 1 to 9 could withstand 200 frictions of 1 kg of #0000 steel wool without showing any obvious wear, while Comparative Example 1 showed obvious wear. In terms of UV and infrared resistance, full optical spectrometer tests showed that the transmittances of Examples 1 to 7 and Example 9 at wavelengths of 320 nm, 380 nm, 800 nm, and 900 nm were all less than 2%, and the transmittance of Example 8 at wavelengths of 320 nm, 380 nm, and 900 nm were all less than 1%.

[0070] As can be seen from the foregoing, this application proposes a wear-resistant thermal insulation film and its preparation method that combines high wear resistance, excellent infrared and UV resistance, and high coating efficiency and yield. The wear-resistant thermal insulation film mainly includes a substrate layer and a hardened glue layer formed by curing the coating liquid. The coating liquid mainly contains the following components in weight percentage: 40%-50% epoxy resin, which serves as the main film-forming substance and solidifies to form a three-dimensional network structure, giving the hardened glue layer high hardness (greater than 500g2H). Bisphenol A epoxy or aliphatic epoxy can be selected according to the application scenario; 5%-10% vinyl reactive diluent, which is used to reduce the viscosity of the epoxy resin, improve the fluidity of the coating liquid, increase the adhesion to the substrate, and participate in the curing reaction to enhance the cohesion and bonding strength; 1%-3% cationic initiator, which is selected from aryl diazonium salt, diaryl iodonium salt, triaryl iodonium salt or aromatic ferrocenium salt, which generates cationic active centers under heating conditions, initiates polymerization reaction, and forms a hardened glue layer with a compact structure and excellent performance; 10% -20% nano-tungsten oxide particles, as inorganic nanomaterials, have excellent optical properties and can effectively block infrared rays. Their particle size is controlled at 100nm-300nm, and they are evenly dispersed in the resin to form scattering centers, reducing the infrared transmittance; 0.5%-1% titanate chelate is used to chelate and connect the nano-tungsten oxide particles with the resin, enhance the interfacial bonding force, and improve the dispersion stability and wear resistance; 1%-3% ultraviolet light absorber, which can be benzotriazine (such as UV-360) or benzotriazole (such as UV-P), improves the absorption capacity of ultraviolet rays, reduces ultraviolet transmittance, reduces damage to the protected object, improves the stability of the film in ultraviolet environment, and also plays a certain dispersing and stabilizing role.

[0071] The preparation method includes the following steps: first, nano-tungsten oxide particles, titanate chelate, and acidic dispersant are added to a solvent for a first mixing process to obtain a uniform and stable mixed solution; then, epoxy resin, vinyl reactive diluent, leveling agent, and ultraviolet light absorber are added to the mixed solution for a second mixing process to obtain a uniform coating solution; then, the coating solution is evenly coated onto a substrate layer using a suitable coating device. The substrate layer material can be PET, PC, TAC, or COP, with a thickness controlled within the range of 13-250 μm; after coating, the coating solution is cured by maintaining a temperature above 90°C, preferably within the range of 100-130°C, to form a hardened adhesive layer with excellent performance. In a more detailed process, the solvent, acidic dispersant, nano-tungsten oxide, and titanate chelate are added to a sealed container and stirred at high speed for 60 minutes. Then, the resin, diluent, leveling agent, ultraviolet light absorber, and initiator are added and stirred at high speed for 1 hour. The dry film thickness is precisely controlled to 1.5-2 μm using a gravure roller.

[0072] The hardened glue layer prepared using the above formula and process exhibits multiple properties, including high hardness, high wear resistance, UV resistance, and infrared resistance. In wear resistance tests, it withstood 200 friction cycles with 1kg of #0000 steel wool without showing any noticeable wear. In terms of UV and infrared resistance, full optical spectrometer testing showed transmittance at wavelengths of 320nm, 380nm, 800nm, and 900nm to be less than 2%. Furthermore, it exhibits a high visible light transmittance (greater than 88%), making it suitable for applications requiring high light transmittance.

[0073] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Any other improvements made based on the concept of the present application are considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant heat-insulating film, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base material layer and a hardened glue layer, wherein the hardened glue layer is formed by curing a coating liquid on the base material layer, and the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Epoxy resin 40%-50% Vinyl reactive diluent 5%-10% Cationic initiator 1%-3% Nano tungsten oxide particles 10%-20% Titanate chelate 0.5%-1% The remaining components are solvents.

2. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating solution further comprises an ultraviolet light absorber, and the weight percentage of the ultraviolet light absorber is 1%-3%.

3. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating liquid further includes an acidic dispersant, and the weight percentage of the acidic dispersant is 0.15%-0.3%.

4. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating liquid further comprises a leveling agent, and the weight percentage of the leveling agent is 0.2%-1%.

5. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The titanate chelate is one or more of bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)ethoxyisopropyl titanate, bis(acetylacetonato)isobutoxyisopropoxy titanate, and trialkoxybutyl phosphate titanate dimer.

6. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cationic initiator is one or more of aryl diazonium salt, diaryl iodonium salt, triaryl iodonium salt and aryl ferrocenium salt.

7. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano-tungsten oxide particles is in the range of 100nm-300nm.

8. The wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the substrate layer is in the range of 13-250 μm, and the material of the substrate layer is PET, PC, TAC or COP.

9. A method for preparing a wear-resistant heat-insulating film, characterized in that: include: Adding nano-tungsten oxide particles and titanate chelate into a solvent to perform a first raw material mixing to obtain a mixed solution; Adding epoxy resin and vinyl reactive diluent to the mixed solution, performing a second raw material mixing to obtain a coating solution; Applying the coating liquid on the substrate layer, and forming a hardened glue layer on the substrate layer after the coating liquid is cured; After the coating liquid is applied on the base material layer, the temperature is maintained at 90° C. or higher to solidify the coating liquid.

10. The method for preparing the wear-resistant heat-insulating film according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises adding an acidic dispersant in the first raw material mixing step, and adding a leveling agent and an ultraviolet light absorber in the second raw material mixing step.

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