Tower type supersaturated gas quick release device

Abstract

The invention discloses a tower type supersaturated gas quick release device, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower. The device comprises a plunge pool energy dissipation pool and a packed tower, a porous packing layer is arranged in the packed tower, an annular water distribution groove is formed in the top of the packed tower, and the annular water distribution groove is communicated with the upper portion of the plunge pool energy dissipation pool through a water passing gallery. After falling into the plunge pool energy dissipation pool for energy dissipation, discharged water flows into the annular water distribution tank through the water gallery and then falls into the packed tower through the annular water distribution tank; when water flows through the porous filler layer, the water is subdivided into a plurality of fine water flows by gaps among the fillers and pore channels in the fillers, and the fine water flows can form various complex flow states such as turbulent flow, backflow and rotational flow in the packed tower, so that an extremely favorable hydraulic condition is created for gas nucleus coalescence and precipitation of supersaturated gas; and the separation and release effects of supersaturated gas in the discharged water flow of the dam are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a tower-type supersaturated gas quick-releasing device, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower. Background Art

[0002] When a high dam discharges floodwater using a diversion method to dissipate energy, water velocities reach as high as 30 to 50 m / s, generating intense turbulence within the spillway and creating a vacuum-like negative pressure zone. This entrains and dissolves nitrogen and oxygen from the air, pushing the dissolved gas saturation of the downstream water to 140 to 160%. The combined effects of low pressure and water temperatures exceeding 25°C significantly reduce the water's solubility. Upon entering the downstream river, dissolved gases carried by the downstream flow form micron-sized bubbles, which continuously precipitate due to the sudden drop in pressure and temperature. Supersaturated gases penetrate fish gills and enter the bloodstream, forming emboli within blood vessels and subsequently causing organ failure. When the total dissolved gas pressure exceeds 110% saturation, salmonid mortality can reach 30% within 48 hours. At 130%, the survival rate of fry is limited to 12 hours. Long-term monitoring data show that in the 50-kilometer river section downstream of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River, the fish species diversity index has dropped from 3.2 before the dam was built to 2.1, and the benthic biomass has decreased by 42%; in addition, the gas supersaturation environment will also change the redox potential of the water body, inhibit algae photosynthesis, and damage the basic links of the food chain.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to promote the rapid release of supersaturated dissolved gas in water bodies, a Chinese patent document with publication number CN120139161A discloses a corridor-type supersaturated gas rapid release device, in which multiple circles of concrete walls are arranged on the top surface of the concrete base plate, and the gap between two adjacent circles of concrete walls forms a corridor area. Inside the innermost circle of concrete walls are multiple water pressure and air pressure destruction components, and a number of energy dissipation bodies are filled. Multiple flow limiting plates are arranged at intervals inside the corridor area. By adopting the above structure, multiple flow distribution areas such as turbulent flow, backflow and swirl can be formed, which greatly increases the medium contact area of ​​the supersaturated gas and accelerates the precipitation of the supersaturated gas.

[0004] However, the flow-limiting plates installed in the corridor area have a very limited effect in promoting the precipitation of supersaturated gases in the water body. Therefore, how to further improve the precipitation and release of supersaturated gases in the water discharge from the dam is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The application discloses a tower type supersaturated gas rapid release device, which comprises a water cushion pond energy dissipation pool and a filler tower.

[0007] The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool is internally provided with a plurality of energy dissipation bodies, and the energy dissipation body is a rough surface concrete structure of four cones, which comprises four concrete cone bodies, and the large ends of the four concrete cone bodies are connected together, and the small ends extend in different directions.

[0008] The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool is internally provided with a plurality of energy dissipation bodies, and the energy dissipation body is a rough surface concrete structure of four cones, which comprises four concrete cone bodies, and the large ends of the four concrete cone bodies are connected together, and the small ends extend in different directions.

[0009] The filler tower comprises a tower barrel, the tower barrel is in a cylindrical shape, a plurality of porous concrete plates are arranged in the tower barrel in a spaced manner from bottom to top, and each porous concrete plate is internally provided with a porous filler layer.

[0010] The thickness of the porous filler layer on the uppermost layer of the porous concrete plates is 1 / 2-3 / 4 of the distance from the porous concrete plate to the upper end surface of the tower barrel, and the thickness of the porous filler layer on the other layers of the porous concrete plates is 1 / 2-3 / 4 of the distance between the adjacent two porous concrete plates.

[0011] The porous filler layer comprises a plurality of porous plastic balls which are irregularly stacked together, and the density of the porous plastic balls is greater than the density of water.

[0012] The tower barrel is internally provided with a filler replacement door at the lower part of each porous filler layer, and is internally provided with a manhole at the upper side of each porous filler layer. The lower end of the tower barrel is circumferentially arranged with a plurality of edge supporting piers, the uppermost layer of the porous concrete plates is connected with the annular water distribution groove through a first central supporting column, the adjacent two porous concrete plates are connected through a second central supporting column, the bottom of the lowermost layer of the porous concrete plates is connected with a central supporting pier through a third central supporting column, the bottom surface of the central supporting pier is coplanar with the bottom surface of the edge supporting pier, and the first central supporting column, the second central supporting column and the third central supporting column are coaxially arranged with the tower barrel.

[0013] The annular water distribution groove comprises an annular water distribution groove wall arranged on the outer wall of the upper end of the tower barrel and an annular sawtooth-shaped water distribution weir arranged on the end surface of the upper end of the tower barrel, and the annular sawtooth-shaped water distribution weir is located on the inner side of the annular water distribution groove wall.

[0014] The annular water distribution groove wall comprises a water blocking cylinder and an annular bottom plate, the water blocking cylinder is coaxially arranged with the tower barrel, and the annular bottom plate is arranged at the lower end of the water blocking cylinder and connected with the outer wall of the tower barrel. The annular bottom plate gradually slopes downward from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the connection line between the annular bottom plate and the tower is located below the annular serrated water distribution weir.

[0015] It also includes a circular water distribution shunt trough and multiple square water distribution shunt troughs. The circular water distribution shunt trough is coaxially arranged with the tower and connected to the upper end of the first central support column. One end of the multiple square water distribution shunt troughs is connected to the circular water distribution shunt trough, and the other end extends in different directions along the radial direction of the circular water distribution shunt trough and is connected to the annular water distribution trough.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. There are many energy dissipators placed in the cushion pond energy dissipation pool. When the dam discharge flow falls into the cushion pond energy dissipation pool, the energy dissipators are four-cone rough concrete structures, which can significantly increase the contact area with the dam discharge flow, reduce the flow rate of the dam discharge flow, and slow down the water energy damage of the dam discharge flow, thereby achieving the purpose of dissipating the energy of the dam discharge flow; in addition, they can also significantly increase the contact area with the supersaturated gas in the dam discharge flow, and make the dam discharge flow form turbulent flow, backflow and swirl and other flow distribution areas in the cushion pond energy dissipation pool, so as to accelerate the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gas in the water body.

[0017] 2. The dam discharge water after energy dissipation treatment in the water cushion pond flows into the annular water distribution trough through the water corridor. With the assistance of multiple square water distribution diversion troughs and circular water distribution diversion troughs, the flow channel surrounded by the water retaining cylinder, annular bottom plate, tower side wall and annular serrated water distribution weir is filled in the entire circumference. Then the water in the flow channel flows into the packing tower evenly and orderly from all the tooth roots of the annular serrated water distribution weir.

[0018] 3. As the water in the packing tower flows downward, it is subdivided into multiple small streams by the gaps between the porous plastic balls in the porous packing layer and the internal channels of the porous plastic balls. This can significantly extend the water's flow time in the packing tower and greatly increase the contact area between the water and the porous plastic balls. At the same time, these small streams will form a variety of complex flow patterns such as turbulence, backflow, and swirl in the packing tower, creating extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gas. The precipitated gas rises along the gaps between the porous plastic balls and is eventually emptied and released. The installation of multiple porous concrete slabs and multiple porous packing layers in the packing tower can further improve the precipitation and release of supersaturated gas in the dam discharge water.

[0019] 4. This device significantly improves the precipitation and release of supersaturated gas in the dam's downstream water flow, reduces the supersaturated gas content in the downstream water flow, and has important practical significance for the protection of downstream aquatic ecosystems, especially the sustainable development of fish resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view along AA; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along BB; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along CC; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipation body of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the porous plastic ball of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1-water cushion pond energy dissipation pool, 2-pool wall, 3-water outlet, 4-water gallery, 5-water distribution trough inlet, 6-annular water distribution trough, 7-annular water distribution trough wall, 70-water retaining cylinder, 71-annular bottom plate, 8-annular serrated water distribution weir, 9-edge pier, 10-filling tower, 100-tower, 11-square water distribution diversion channel, 12-central pier, 13-circular water distribution diversion channel, 14-first central support column, 15-porous concrete slab, 16-energy dissipation body, 160-concrete cone, 17-maintenance manhole, 18-filling replacement door, 19-porous plastic ball, 20-porous filler layer, 21-second central support column, 23-third central support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device described in the present invention includes a water cushion pond energy dissipation tank 1 and a packed tower 10. The packed tower 10 is provided with a porous packing layer 20. The top of the packed tower 10 is provided with an annular water distribution trough 6, which is connected to the upper part of the water cushion pond energy dissipation tank 1 through a water passage 4. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device is built in the water drop area of ​​the dam's downstream water flow, and the water cushion pond energy dissipation tank 1 in the device is aligned with the drop point of the downstream water flow. After falling into the water cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1 for energy dissipation, the downstream water flow flows into the annular water distribution trough 6 through the water corridor 4, and then falls into the packing tower 10 through the annular water distribution trough 6; when the water flows through the porous packing layer 20, it is subdivided into multiple small water flows by the gaps between the packings and the internal channels of the packings, which can significantly prolong the flow time of the water body in the packing tower 10 and greatly increase the contact area between the water body and the packing. At the same time, these small water flows will form a variety of complex flow states such as turbulence, backflow and vortex in the packing tower 10, creating extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the gas nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gas, significantly improving the precipitation and release effect of supersaturated gas in the dam downstream water flow, and reducing the supersaturated gas content in the downstream water flow. It has important practical significance for the protection of downstream aquatic ecosystems, especially the sustainable development of fish resources.

[0024] The water cushion pond energy dissipation tank 1 is provided with a plurality of energy dissipation bodies 16. The energy dissipation bodies 16 are four-cone rough concrete structures, including four concrete cones 160, and the large ends of the four concrete cones 160 are connected together, and the small ends extend in different directions. The energy dissipation bodies 16 are four-cone rough concrete structures, which can significantly increase the contact area with the water flow discharged from the dam, reduce the flow rate of the water flow discharged from the dam, and slow down the water energy damage effect of the water flow discharged from the dam, thereby achieving the purpose of dissipating the energy of the water flow discharged from the dam; in addition, they can also significantly increase the contact area with the supersaturated gas in the water flow discharged from the dam, and cause the water flow discharged from the dam to form a multi-flow distribution area such as turbulence, backflow and vortex in the water cushion pond energy dissipation tank 1, so as to accelerate the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gas in the water body.

[0025] A water outlet 3 is provided on the pool wall 2 of the water cushion pond 1 at a position corresponding to the water passage corridor 4, and a water distribution trough water inlet hole 5 is provided on the outer wall of the annular water distribution trough 6 at a position corresponding to the water passage corridor 4.

[0026] The packing tower 10 includes a cylindrical tower 100. Two porous concrete slabs 15 are spaced apart from each other from bottom to top within the tower 100. Each porous concrete slab 15 is provided with a porous packing layer 20. The porous concrete slabs 15 serve both layering and support functions, ensuring smooth water flow while preventing the porous plastic balls 19 from falling.

[0027] The thickness of the porous filler layer 20 on the top porous concrete slab 15 is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance from the porous concrete slab 15 to the upper end face of the tower 100 , and the thickness of the porous filler layer 20 on the other porous concrete slabs 15 is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between two adjacent porous concrete slabs 15 .

[0028] The porous filler layer 20 includes a plurality of porous plastic balls 19 randomly stacked together, and the density of the porous plastic balls 19 is greater than the density of water.

[0029] The tower 100 is provided with a packing replacement door 18 at the bottom of each porous packing layer 20 and a maintenance manhole 17 at the upper side of each porous packing layer 20; The lower end of the tower 100 is provided with no fewer than three edge buttresses 9 in a circular array. The topmost porous concrete slab 15 is connected to the annular water distribution trough 6 via a first central support column 14. Two adjacent porous concrete slabs 15 are connected via a second central support column 21. The bottom of the bottommost porous concrete slab 15 is connected to the central buttress 12 via a third central support column 23. The bottom surface of the central buttress 12 is coplanar with the bottom surface of the edge buttress 9. The first central support column 14, the second central support column 21, and the third central support column 23 are all arranged coaxially with the tower 100. A packing replacement door 18 is provided at the bottom of each porous packing layer 20 on the tower 100 to facilitate packing replacement. A maintenance manhole 17 is provided on the upper side of each porous packing layer 20 on the tower 100 to facilitate maintenance work within the tower 100. The first central support column 14 , the second central support column 21 and the third central support column 23 improve the structural stability of the packed tower 10 ; the central buttress 12 and the plurality of edge buttresses 9 improve the support stability of the packed tower 10 .

[0030] The annular water distribution trough 6 includes an annular water distribution trough wall 7 provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the tower 100, and an annular serrated water distribution weir 8 provided on the upper end face of the tower 100, with the annular serrated water distribution weir 8 located inside the annular water distribution trough wall 7. The annular serrated water distribution weir 8 cooperates with the annular water distribution trough wall 7 to ensure that water in the annular water distribution trough 6 flows evenly and orderly from all the roots of the teeth of the annular serrated water distribution weir 8 into the packed tower 10.

[0031] The annular water distribution trough wall 7 includes a water retaining cylinder 70 and an annular bottom plate 71. The water retaining cylinder 70 is coaxially arranged with the tower 100. The annular bottom plate 71 is provided at the lower end of the water retaining cylinder 70 and connected to the outer wall of the tower 100. The annular bottom plate 71 gradually slopes downward from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the connecting line between the annular bottom plate 71 and the tower 100 is located below the annular serrated water distribution weir 8 .

[0032] It also includes a circular water distribution shunt 13 and a plurality of square water distribution shunts 11. The circular water distribution shunt 13 is coaxially arranged with the tower 100 and connected to the upper end of the first central support column 14. One end of the plurality of square water distribution shunts 11 is connected to the circular water distribution shunt 13, and the other end extends in different directions along the radial direction of the circular water distribution shunt 13 and is connected to the annular water distribution trough 6. The addition of the circular water distribution shunt 13 and the square water distribution shunt 11 can improve the water distribution uniformity of the annular water distribution trough 6. Specifically, the circular water distribution shunt 13 and the square water distribution shunt 11 work together with the annular serrated water distribution weir 8 and the annular water distribution trough wall 7 to enable the water in the annular water distribution trough 6 to flow into the packed tower 10 more evenly and orderly from all the tooth roots of the annular serrated water distribution weir 8.

[0033] The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device of the present invention has the following working principle or operation process: A large number of energy dissipation bodies 16 are placed in the cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1. When the dam discharge water falls into the cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1, since the energy dissipation body 16 is a four-cone rough concrete structure, it can significantly increase the contact area with the dam discharge water, reduce the flow rate of the dam discharge water, and slow down the water energy destruction effect of the dam discharge water, thereby achieving the purpose of dissipating the energy of the dam discharge water; in addition, it can also significantly increase the contact area with the supersaturated gas in the dam discharge water, and make the dam discharge water form multiple flow distribution areas such as turbulence, backflow and vortex in the cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1, so as to accelerate the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gas in the water body.

[0034] The dam discharge water in the plunge pool 1, which has been subjected to energy dissipation treatment, flows into the annular water distribution trough 6 through the water corridor 4, and with the assistance of multiple square water distribution diversion grooves 11 and circular water distribution diversion grooves 13, fills the flow channel surrounded by the water retaining cylinder 70, the annular bottom plate 71, the side wall of the tower 100 and the annular serrated water distribution weir 8 in the entire circumference. Then, the water in the flow channel flows evenly and orderly from all the tooth roots of the annular serrated water distribution weir 8 into the packed tower 10.

[0035] As the water in the packing tower 10 flows downward, it is subdivided into multiple small streams by the gaps between the porous plastic balls 19 in the porous packing layer 20 and the internal channels of the porous plastic balls 19. This significantly prolongs the flow time of the water in the packing tower 10 and greatly increases the contact area between the water and the porous plastic balls 19. At the same time, these small streams form a variety of complex flow patterns within the packing tower 10, such as turbulence, backflow, and swirl, creating extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gas. The precipitated gas rises along the gaps between the porous plastic balls 19 and is eventually emptied and released. The installation of multiple porous concrete slabs 15 and multiple porous packing layers 20 in the packing tower 10 can further enhance the precipitation and release of supersaturated gas in the dam's downstream water flow.

[0036] This device significantly improves the precipitation and release of supersaturated gas in the dam's downstream water flow, reduces the supersaturated gas content in the downstream water flow, and has important practical significance for the protection of downstream aquatic ecosystems, especially the sustainable development of fish resources.

Claims

1. A tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a water cushion pond energy dissipation tank (1) and a packing tower (10), wherein a porous packing layer (20) is provided in the packing tower (10), and an annular water distribution trough (6) is provided on the top of the packing tower (10), and the annular water distribution trough (6) is connected to the upper part of the water cushion pond energy dissipation tank (1) through a water passage corridor (4).

2. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water cushion pond (1) is provided with a plurality of energy dissipation bodies (16). The energy dissipation bodies (16) are four-cone rough concrete structures, including four concrete cones (160). The large ends of the four concrete cones (160) are connected together, and the small ends extend in different directions.

3. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water outlet (3) is provided on the wall (2) of the water cushion pond (1) at a position corresponding to the water passage corridor (4), and a water distribution trough water inlet hole (5) is provided on the outer wall of the annular water distribution trough (6) at a position corresponding to the water passage corridor (4).

4. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The packed tower (10) comprises a tower barrel (100) which is cylindrical in shape. A plurality of porous concrete slabs (15) are arranged at intervals from bottom to top in the tower barrel (100), and a porous packing layer (20) is provided on each porous concrete slab (15).

5. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the porous filler layer (20) on the uppermost porous concrete slab (15) is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance from the porous concrete slab (15) to the upper end surface of the tower (100), and the thickness of the porous filler layer (20) on the other porous concrete slabs (15) is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between two adjacent porous concrete slabs (15).

6. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The porous filler layer (20) comprises a plurality of porous plastic balls (19) stacked together irregularly, and the density of the porous plastic balls (19) is greater than the density of water.

7. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tower (100) is provided with a packing replacement door (18) at the bottom of each porous packing layer (20), and a maintenance manhole (17) is provided on the upper side of each porous packing layer (20); The lower end of the tower (100) is provided with not less than three edge buttresses (9) in a circular array, the uppermost porous concrete slab (15) is connected to the annular water distribution trough (6) via a first central support column (14), two adjacent porous concrete slabs (15) are connected via a second central support column (21), the bottom of the lowermost porous concrete slab (15) is connected to the central buttress (12) via a third central support column (23), and the bottom surface of the central buttress (12) is coplanar with the bottom surface of the edge buttress (9), and the first central support column (14), the second central support column (21) and the third central support column (23) are all coaxially arranged with the tower (100).

8. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The annular water distribution trough (6) comprises an annular water distribution trough wall (7) provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the tower (100), and an annular serrated water distribution weir (8) provided on the upper end face of the tower (100), wherein the annular serrated water distribution weir (8) is located on the inner side of the annular water distribution trough wall (7).

9. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The annular water distribution trough wall (7) comprises a water retaining cylinder (70) and an annular bottom plate (71), the water retaining cylinder (70) and the tower (100) are coaxially arranged, and the annular bottom plate (71) is provided at the lower end of the water retaining cylinder (70) and connected to the outer wall of the tower (100); The annular bottom plate (71) gradually slopes downward from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the connection line between the annular bottom plate (71) and the tower (100) is located below the annular sawtooth water distribution weir (8).

10. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a circular water distribution shunt groove (13) and a plurality of square water distribution shunt grooves (11), wherein the circular water distribution shunt groove (13) is coaxially arranged with the tower (100) and connected to the upper end of the first central support column (14), and one end of the plurality of square water distribution shunt grooves (11) is connected to the circular water distribution shunt groove (13), and the other end extends in different directions along the radial direction of the circular water distribution shunt groove (13) and is connected to the annular water distribution shunt groove (6).

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