Lining layer waterproof structure and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of lining layer waterproof structure and construction method, belong to tunnel waterproof structure technical field, lining layer waterproof structure includes primary support layer and tunnel lining layer, tunnel lining layer includes inverted arch structure and lining structure, primary support layer and lining structure form semi-ring type drainage interlayer, between several adjacent and flush support arch piece and upper support structure are fixed by pull rod and complete pull together, all support arch piece forms an arch body, support arch piece and upper support structure are filled to form with pervious concrete layer, at least one drainage blind ditch is arranged between lower support structure and waterproof layer located in inverted arch structure, several drainage floor drains are arranged in drainage interlayer, drainage floor drain is connected to drainage blind ditch by drainage pipe buried in lower support structure, construction method discloses a kind of construction method of lining layer waterproof structure, overcome the technical difficulty of tunnel arch wall construction pervious concrete, realizes the coincidence of material characteristics and construction method.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel waterproof structure. More particularly, the present application relates to a lining layer waterproof structure and construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the tunnel engineering waterproof and drainage system mainly implements the "drainage as the main, combination of drainage and waterproof" drainage mode, the core of which is to lay a waterproof layer between the primary support and the secondary lining, and to form a drainage network with the ring and longitudinal blind pipes to collect the seepage water to the tunnel bottom ditch for drainage. However, this system is highly dependent on the smoothness of the blind pipe. In actual engineering, the blind pipe is easily blocked due to the invasion of cement slurry, calcium crystallization or particle accumulation, resulting in significant attenuation of the tunnel drainage efficiency with the increase of service time. Once the blind pipe fails, static water pressure will accumulate behind the lining structure, not only aggravating the seepage risk, but also causing serious frost heaving damage in cold regions. The frost heaving force directly acts on the lining structure, causing concrete cracking and spalling. In addition, in a highly corrosive environment, if the water containing salt or sulfide is retained for a long time, it will continuously erode the concrete and internal steel, posing a serious threat to the long-term durability of the tunnel structure.

[0003] In order to improve the integrity of the lining structure and the stress state, the industry has explored a technical solution of setting a rigid or semi-rigid interlayer between the primary support structure and the lining structure. Such interlayer can uniformly transfer load and simultaneously protect the blind pipe. However, this concept faces construction challenges in actual application. The working space in the tunnel is limited and the environment is complex. It is difficult to construct an interlayer between an irregular primary support surface and a lining structure under such conditions.

[0004] As a functional material, pervious concrete has been widely used in pervious pavement, slope protection and other projects in sponge city due to its excellent water permeability brought by continuous pore structure. The pervious concrete structure allows water to flow horizontally and be discharged smoothly through the internal interconnected pore network. In order to achieve high water permeability of pervious concrete, the amount of cementitious material is low, and the mixture is dry and hard. The pervious concrete material directly shows very low or even zero slump, almost no flowability, which greatly limits the construction method of pervious concrete. Usually, it is limited to site mixing, site paving, compaction or rolling forming, and it is impossible to apply to tunnel shotcrete process which requires good jetting, cohesiveness and water retention of the material. The contradiction between the material properties and the construction process of pervious concrete hinders the application of pervious concrete as an ideal drainage protection layer behind the tunnel lining.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a lining layer waterproof structure and construction method which can be effectively applied to various tunnel scenes and is efficient and reliable in drainage. SUMMARY

[0006] An object of the present application is to provide a lining layer waterproof structure and construction method, which is effectively applicable to various tunnel scenes and has high drainage efficiency and reliability.

[0007] To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present application, a first aspect of the present application provides a lining layer waterproof structure, comprising a primary support layer and a tunnel lining layer, the tunnel lining layer comprising an inverted arch structure and a lining structure, and the tunnel lining layer being coated with a complete waterproof layer; the primary support layer comprising an upper support structure and a lower support structure, a plurality of hanging rods being anchored in the upper support structure in a matrix manner, one end of each hanging rod extending out of the upper support structure, the lower support structure extending into the tunnel to form a protruding portion, the protruding portion being close to the joint of the lower support structure and the upper support structure, a semi-ring type drainage interlayer being formed between the protruding portion, the upper support structure and the waterproof layer; a plurality of adjacent and flush support arch pieces, each support arch piece being connected and fixed to the upper support structure by the hanging rod, all the support arch pieces forming an arch body in the drainage interlayer, each support arch piece comprising a support plate matching the shape of the upper support structure and being opposite to the upper support structure, a pervious concrete layer being filled between the support plate and the upper support structure, and a transition layer being formed between the support plate and the waterproof layer; at least one drainage blind ditch being arranged between the lower support structure and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure, and a plurality of drainage floor drains being arranged on the surface of the protruding portion on the side of the pervious concrete layer, a drainage pipe being connected to the drainage floor drains and being embedded in the lower support structure, the other end of the drainage pipe extending out of the lower support structure and being connected to the drainage blind ditch.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the drainage pipe extends into the drainage interlayer from the protruding portion, the drainage floor drain comprises a pipe mouth fixing member and a cover body, the pipe mouth fixing member being sleeved on the end of the drainage pipe, and the cover body being connected to the outside of the pipe mouth fixing member, the cover body being a columnar shell or a conical shell with a plurality of holes.

[0009] Preferably, a mortar layer is arranged on the protruding portion, and the lower part of the cover body is embedded in the mortar layer.

[0010] Preferably, the transition layer is a fine stone concrete spraying layer or an anti-permeable mortar plastering layer.

[0011] Preferably, two drainage blind ditches are arranged between the inner side wall of the lower support structure and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure, one drainage main pipe is arranged in the drainage blind ditches, the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage main pipe, a crushed stone filling layer is formed around the drainage main pipe and the drainage pipe, a pervious geotextile is coated on the outside of the crushed stone filling layer, and the pervious geotextile is fixed to the lower support structure by a plurality of anchor nails.

[0012] Preferably, the waterproof layer comprises a lower waterproof layer and an upper waterproof layer, the upper waterproof layer is fixed to the inner wall of the transition layer, and the lower waterproof layer is laid on the upper part of the lower supporting structure and the drainage blind ditch, and the two side edges extend upwards beyond the inverted arch structure and overlap with the upper waterproof layer.

[0013] Preferably, the support arch piece further comprises a fixing sleeve corresponding to each of the hanging rods, the outer end of the hanging rod is provided with a thread, the hanging rod passes through the fixing sleeve and is fixed to the fixing sleeve by a nut, and a strip-shaped rib plate is connected between any two adjacent fixing sleeves, the rib plate structure formed by the combination of all the rib plates is connected to the supporting plate, and the rib plate structure, the fixing sleeve and the nut located on the side of the supporting plate close to the lining structure are embedded in the transition layer.

[0014] Preferably, the supporting plate is a plurality of perforated plate bodies, the two side surfaces of the rib plate are provided with a supporting strip, each supporting plate is arranged in a grid partition enclosed by a plurality of rib plates, one surface of the supporting plate close to the lining structure abuts on the supporting strip, and the supporting plate and the rib plate are fixed by winding a metal wire.

[0015] In a second aspect, the application provides a construction method of a lining layer waterproof structure, which is applied to the above-mentioned lining layer waterproof structure and comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, when the anchor cable and the steel structure of the upper supporting structure are set, the hanging rod is positioned in the steel structure of the upper supporting structure, the outer end of the hanging rod is wrapped, and the construction of the upper supporting structure is completed by spraying concrete;

[0017] S2, the rock mass of the next construction section is excavated to form a construction space of the lower supporting structure, the reinforcing steel bars of the lower supporting structure are bound and tied, and the drainage pipe is pre-embedded, the formwork is supported, and the lower supporting structure of the construction section is poured and constructed;

[0018] S3, after the lower supporting structure reaches 75% of the strength, the drainage blind ditch is constructed on the lower supporting structure, the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage blind ditch through the pipeline, the lower waterproof layer is fully laid on the drainage blind ditch and the related pipeline, and the lower waterproof layer is fixed to the inner wall of the lower supporting structure;

[0019] S4, the reinforcing steel bars of the inverted arch structure are installed, the formwork is supported, and the inverted arch structure of the construction section is poured and constructed;

[0020] S5, the drainage floor drain is installed at the exposed end of the drainage pipe, and the gap between the drainage floor drain and the protruding part is blocked;

[0021] S6, mix the pervious concrete, install the support arch piece row by row from bottom to top, after installing a row of support arch pieces, fill the pervious concrete into the support arch piece and the upper support structure, vibrate and compact and sprinkle water for maintenance, the support arch piece at the vault is installed and filled with pervious concrete from the previous construction section direction after the pervious concrete layer on both sides is filled, until the pervious concrete layer is completely constructed;

[0022] S7, the whole support arch piece is embedded in the transition layer;

[0023] S8, the upper waterproof layer is fixed, and the reinforcement binding of the lining structure is completed;

[0024] S9, the lining trolley enters the field, and the construction of the lining structure is completed.

[0025] Preferably, in step S2, a steel formwork is arranged on the inner side surface of the protruding part in the length direction, the top edge of the steel formwork is higher than the designed position of the protruding part, a reserved pipe hole is arranged on the steel formwork for the drainage pipe to pass out, one side surface of the steel formwork is integrally poured with the protruding part, and the other surface of the steel formwork is used as a formwork of the inverted arch structure.

[0026] The application at least has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] Firstly, the pervious concrete layer, the drainage floor drain and the drainage blind ditch are combined into a three-dimensional comprehensive drainage system, the dependence on the traditional easily-clogged ring and longitudinal drainage blind pipes is abandoned, the seepage water is directly introduced into the pervious concrete layer for drainage, the risk of failure of the traditional blind pipes due to impurity accumulation and cement scaling is avoided, the seepage water flows along the pervious concrete layer under the action of gravity, and finally is collected through the drainage floor drain and is discharged through the pre-buried drainage blind ditch, and the drainage mode of replacing lines with surfaces greatly improves the reliability and long-term stability of the tunnel drainage;

[0028] Secondly, the application is suitable for severe cold and high corrosion and other harsh geological environments, the high porosity and strong drainage capacity of the pervious concrete layer can quickly drain the water outside the lining structure, greatly reducing the amount of frozen water, thereby effectively relieving the frost heaving damage to the lining structure caused by water freezing and expansion from the source, in the high corrosion area, the groundwater rich in chloride ions, sulfate ions and other corrosive media can be quickly drained away, the contact time of the corrosive media with the waterproof layer and the secondary lining concrete is significantly reduced, the isolation protection effect is achieved, and the service life and durability of the main structure are greatly improved;

[0029] Third, the construction method provided by the application can be perfectly embedded in the current mature tunnel construction process, has good compatibility, based on the material characteristics of the dry and non-flowing pervious concrete which cannot be sprayed, adopts the support arch piece as the framework and formwork in the drainage interlayer, adopts the segmented plug filling type construction method to complete the construction of the pervious concrete layer, overcomes the great difficulty of constructing the pervious concrete on the tunnel arch wall, and realizes the high adaptation of material characteristics and construction process.

[0030] Other advantages, objects, and features of the application will be apparent from the following description, and will be understood by persons skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a pouring schematic diagram of the lower supporting structure in one technical solution of the application;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the waterproof layer and the drainage blind ditch under the inverted arch structure in one technical solution of the application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the inverted arch structure after construction in one technical solution of the application;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the pervious concrete layer construction in one technical solution of the application;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the pervious concrete layer layering filling in one technical solution of the application;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the protruding part in one technical solution of the application;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the drainage pipe installation in one technical solution of the application, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the drainage pipe and the internal reinforcement of the protruding part, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the related management of the drainage pipe;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the drainage floor drain in one technical solution of the application, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the drainage floor drain fixation, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the connection between the drainage floor drain and the drainage pipe;

[0039] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the steel formwork in one technical solution of the application, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the outer side of the steel formwork, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the inner side of the steel formwork;

[0040] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the drainage blind ditch installation in one technical solution of the application;

[0041] Figure 11 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the support arch piece installation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 12 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the support arch piece disassembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 13 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the transition layer construction according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram before the transition layer construction, and (b) is a schematic diagram after the transition layer construction;

[0044] Figure 14 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 15 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the section at the joint between the inverted arch structure and the lining structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1 - upper support structure, 2 - lower support structure, 20 - protruding part, 21 - steel formwork, 211 - reserved pipe hole, 212 - peg, 210 - reserved hole, 3 - inverted arch structure, 4 - lining structure, 5 - upper waterproof layer, 51 - lower waterproof layer, 6 - drainage interlayer, 61 - pervious concrete layer, 62 - transition layer, 7 - support arch piece, 70 - fixing sleeve, 71 - rib plate, 72 - bearing strip, 73 - bearing plate, 8 - drainage floor drain, 80 - drainage pipe, 800 - collecting pipe, 81 - cover body, 810 - pipe opening fixing member, 82 - mortar layer, 83 - sealing ring, 9 - drainage blind drain, 90 - drainage main pipe, 91 - gravel filling layer, 92 - pervious geotextile, 93 - anchor, 10 - hoisting rod, 101 - nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement the present application according to the description.

[0048] It should be understood that the terms such as "have", "contain" and "include" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0049] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the structures and components described are commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "arrangement" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixedly connected, arranged, or detachably connected, arranged, or integrally connected, arranged. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only intended to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0050] As shown in Figures 1-15 The present application provides a lining layer waterproof structure, which comprises a primary support layer and a tunnel lining layer, the tunnel lining layer comprises an inverted arch structure 3 and a lining structure 4, and the tunnel lining layer is wrapped with a complete waterproof layer; the primary support layer comprises an upper support structure 1 and a lower support structure 2, a plurality of hanging rods 10 are anchored in the upper support structure 1 in a matrix manner, one end of the hanging rod 10 penetrates out of the upper support structure 1, the lower support structure 2 extends into the tunnel to form a protruding portion 20, the protruding portion 20 is close to the joint of the lower support structure 2 and the upper support structure 1, and a semi-ring type drainage interlayer 6 is formed between the protruding portion 20, the upper support structure 1 and the waterproof layer; a plurality of adjacent and flush support arch pieces 7, the hanging rod 10 is used to pull and fix each support arch piece 7 and the upper support structure 1, and all the support arch pieces 7 form an arch body in the drainage interlayer 6, the support arch piece 7 comprises a supporting plate 73 which is matched with the shape of the upper support structure 1 and opposite to the upper support structure 1, a pervious concrete layer 61 is filled between the supporting plate 73 and the upper support structure 1, and a transition layer 62 is formed between the supporting plate 73 and the waterproof layer; at least one drainage blind ditch 9 is arranged between the lower support structure 2 and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure 3, a plurality of drainage floor drains 8 are arranged on the surface of the protruding portion 20 on the side of the pervious concrete layer 61, a drainage pipe 80 buried in the lower support structure 2 is connected below the drainage floor drain 8, and the other end of the drainage pipe 80 penetrates out of the lower support structure 2 and is connected to the drainage blind ditch 9.

[0051] In the technical solution, the pervious concrete layer 61 is formed by the pervious concrete mixed on site through the tamping method, the gradation of the pervious concrete can refer to the mixing gradation of the mature technology on the market, the pervious concrete can be prepared by using Portland cement as a cementitious material and single-size coarse aggregate, the porosity of the pervious concrete can be greater than 15%, and the strength grade is higher than or equal to the lining structure 4, the construction method of the upper support structure 1 is the same as the existing tunnel support construction method, after the steel arch frame and anchoring measures are completed, the upper support structure 1 is formed by spraying concrete, the hanging rod 10 is positioned and fixed by point welding with the steel arch frame, rock body anchoring and other methods after the steel arch frame is assembled, the hanging rod 10 is formed in the upper support structure 1 together with the steel arch frame, in the construction process of the upper support structure 1, the outer end of the hanging rod 10 is wrapped with non-woven fabric, adhesive tape or other flexible materials to avoid pollution, the support arch piece 7 is a straight or curved frame formed by splicing steel, a supporting plate 73 is fixed on the support arch piece 7 by point welding or other mechanical connection methods, the support arch piece 7 and the hanging rod 10 can be fixed by bolt connection or other mechanical methods, in the technical solution, the support arch piece 7 is used as a tamping template of the pervious concrete layer 61, the installation of the support arch piece 7 needs to follow the construction sequence from bottom to top, after a row of support arch pieces 7 are completed, the tamping work of the corresponding pervious concrete layer 61 of the row is completed in time, after the pervious concrete layer 61 of the lower row is initially cured, the installation of the next row of support arch pieces 7 and the tamping of the pervious concrete layer 61 can continue, for the construction of the pervious concrete layer 61 at the position of the arch top, as shown in the figure, after the pervious concrete layers 61 on both sides of the arch top are constructed, the support arch pieces 7 are installed from the starting position of the previous construction section and the pervious concrete layer 61 is tamped, until the pervious concrete layer 61 of the construction section is completely constructed, the thickness of the pervious concrete layer 61 is controlled to be 15-30 cm, which is convenient for tamping and will not generate excessive load on the support arch piece 7 in the thickness range, the supporting plate 73 can be a steel mesh with dense openings, and the pervious concrete layer 61 is properly maintained by spraying from the inside of the tunnel to the supporting plate 73. Figure 5

[0052] In the technical solution, the waterproof layer can adopt mature waterproof materials such as pre-laid anti-sticking plastic waterproof roll material and waterproof board, and form a full-coating layer structure on the periphery of the tunnel lining layer by step-by-step construction, wherein, before the construction of the inverted arch structure 3, the lower half of the waterproof layer is constructed on the lower support structure 2, after the construction of the pervious concrete layer 61 is completed, the construction of the transition layer 62 can be completed by using anti-permeable mortar plaster, and then the upper half of the waterproof layer is fixed based on the surface of the transition layer 62, wherein, the transition layer 62 embeds the entire frame structure of the support arch piece 7 inside, the thickness of the transition layer 62 is controlled to be 5-10 cm, and the transition layer 62 can also be constructed by spraying fine stone concrete. ​

[0053] In the technical solution, the drain floor drain 8 is used to drain the seepage water of the pervious concrete layer 61 out of the drainage interlayer 6, wherein the drain floor drain 8 can be an existing floor drain structure, the drain floor drain 8 is connected with the end of the drainage pipe 80 protruding from the protruding part 20, and when the construction of the bottommost pervious concrete layer 61 is performed, the drain floor drain 8 can be covered with an isolation cover, a mesh screen or a cloth body with water permeability to avoid the cement slurry from blocking. The drain blind ditch 9 is a water channel arranged on the lower support structure 2, a recessed area can be arranged in the pouring of the lower support structure 2, the drain blind ditch 9 is formed by filling the recessed area with gravel, or the drain blind ditch 9 is installed on the lower support structure 2 by using a prefabricated structure or a finished pipe after the pouring of the lower support structure 2 is completed. Each drainage pipe 80 is connected to the drain blind ditch 9 by a pipeline. Optionally, the drainage pipes 80 in each construction section can be first connected to a collector pipe 800, and the collector pipe 800 is connected to the drain blind ditch 9 by a pipeline. In some tunnels containing gas, the drainage pipe 80 can be first connected to a water-gas separation device, and the separated water is discharged into the drain blind ditch 9. The seepage water of the lower support structure 2 is blocked by the waterproof layer and enters the drain blind ditch 9 under the action of water pressure to be discharged.

[0054] In another technical solution, one end of the drainage pipe 80 protrudes into the drainage interlayer 6 from the protruding part 20, the drain floor drain 8 includes a pipe opening fixing part 810 and a cover body 81, the pipe opening fixing part 810 is sleeved on the end of the drainage pipe 80, and the cover body 81 is connected to the outside of the pipe opening fixing part 810. The cover body 81 is a cylindrical shell or a conical shell with a plurality of holes. In the technical solution, as shown in Figure 8 The end of the drainage pipe 80 is provided with external threads, the pipe opening fixing part 810 is a sleeve structure with internal threads, and is screwed on the end of the drainage pipe 80. The pipe opening fixing part 810 is connected with the cover body 81 by a connecting plate or a connecting part. The cover body 81 is used to isolate the drainage pipe 80 from the pervious concrete layer 61 and avoid the blockage of the drainage pipe 80 in the subsequent use. The cover body 81 can be a cylindrical or conical barrel with a certain height to further increase the contact area of the cover body 81 with the pervious concrete layer 61. When the drain floor drain 8 is installed, a mesh screen or gauze can be first wound on the cover body 81.

[0055] In another technical solution, a mortar layer 82 is laid on the protrusion 20, and the lower part of the cover 81 is buried inside the mortar layer 82. In order to prevent water accumulation in the drainage interlayer 6, a mortar layer 82 is manually applied to the surface of the protrusion 20. The mortar layer 82 is made of readily available impermeable mortar. Before installing the drainage floor drain 8, a waterproof coating such as polyurethane can be applied to the joint between the drainage pipe 80 and the protrusion 20 to form a sealing ring 83. After the drainage floor drain 8 is installed, the mortar layer 82 is applied. The thickness of the mortar layer 82 can be higher than the bottom row of holes of the cover 81, and the mortar layer 82 should be sloped appropriately so that there are no dead corners for water accumulation at the bottom of the drainage interlayer 6.

[0056] In another technical solution, the transition layer 62 is a fine stone concrete spray layer or an impermeable mortar plaster layer.

[0057] In another technical solution, two drainage blind ditches 9 are provided between the inner wall of the lower support structure 2 and the waterproof layer located under the invert arch structure 3. A main drainage pipe 90 is installed within each drainage blind ditch 9. The drainage pipe 80 is connected to the main drainage pipe 90. A ring of gravel filling layer 91 is formed by covering the main drainage pipe 90 and the drainage pipe 80. The gravel filling layer 91 is covered with a permeable geotextile 92, which is fixed to the lower support structure 2 by multiple rows of anchors 93. For example, the gravel filling layer 91 is used to guide seepage water in the lower support structure 2, while the main drainage pipe 90 is used to collect and guide seepage water in the drainage interlayer 6. The main drainage pipe 90 and the gravel filling layer 91 are not interconnected. Before the construction of the invert arch structure 3, if... Figure 10 As shown, the permeable geotextile 92 is first fixed to the inner wall side of the lower support structure 2 with a row of anchors 93. The main drainage pipe 90 is then constructed and connected to the drainage pipe 80. Holes can be made in the permeable geotextile 92 to allow the pipe between the main drainage pipe 90 and the drainage pipe 80 to pass through. After the main drainage pipe 90 is installed, gravel and sand are laid on the surface of the permeable geotextile 92. Then, the permeable geotextile 92, along with the gravel and sand on it, is wrapped around the main drainage pipe 90. After the two sides of the permeable geotextile 92 are overlapped, it is fixed to the inner wall side of the lower support structure 2 again with anchors 93. This forms a combined drainage blind ditch 9 consisting of the main drainage pipe 90, the gravel filling layer 91, and the permeable geotextile 92. Optionally, holes can also be made in the main drainage pipe 90, or a perforated longitudinal pipe can be installed parallel to the main drainage pipe 90 to better organize the drainage of seepage from the lower support structure 2.

[0058] In another technical solution, the waterproof layer comprises a lower waterproof layer 51 and an upper waterproof layer 5, the upper waterproof layer 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the transition layer 62, and the lower waterproof layer 51 is laid on the upper part of the lower support structure 2 and the drainage blind ditch 9, and the two side edges extend upwards to the inverted arch structure 3 and overlap with the upper waterproof layer 5 above. In this technical solution, the lower waterproof layer 51 and the upper waterproof layer 5 can both use waterproof boards or waterproof rolls available on the market. Exemplarily, when the waterproof layer uses finished waterproof boards, a plurality of hot melt pads can be arranged on the upper surface of the lower support structure 2 to non-piercingly fix the lower waterproof layer 51, and a plurality of hot melt pads can be arranged on the inner surface of the transition layer 62 to non-piercingly fix the upper waterproof layer 5 after the construction of the transition layer 62 is completed.

[0059] In another technical solution, the support arch piece 7 further comprises a fixing sleeve 70 corresponding to the hanging pull rod 10 one by one, the outer end of the hanging pull rod 10 is provided with a thread, the hanging pull rod 10 passes out of the fixing sleeve 70 and is fixed to the fixing sleeve 70 through a nut 101, a strip-shaped rib plate 71 is connected between any two adjacent fixing sleeves 70, and a grid structure formed by the combination of all the rib plates 71 is connected with the supporting plate 73. The rib plate 71 structure, the fixing sleeve 70 and the nut 101 located on the side close to the lining structure 4 of the supporting plate 73 are embedded in the transition layer 62. In this technical solution, the support arch piece 7 is a piece structure matching the designed arc of the upper support structure 1 at the corresponding position, and the overall thickness is controlled to be between 5-10 cm. The rib plate 71 is a strip-shaped plate body for preventing the support arch piece 7 from deforming under stress. The inner diameter of the fixing sleeve 70 is greater than the diameter of the hanging pull rod 10. The supporting plate 73 can be fixed to the rib plate 71 by spot welding or clamping. In this technical solution, the support arch piece 7 is embedded and embedded in the transition layer 62 as a whole, and serves as internal steel distribution of the transition layer 62.

[0060] In another technical solution, the supporting plate 73 is a plurality of perforated plate bodies, the two side surfaces of the rib plate 71 are provided with a supporting strip 72, each supporting plate 73 is arranged in a grid partition formed by a plurality of rib plates 71, one side of the supporting plate 73 close to the lining structure 4 abuts on the supporting strip 72, and the supporting plate 73 and the rib plate 71 are fixed by winding a metal wire. Figure 12As shown, the supporting strip 72 can be a round steel bar spot-welded on both sides of the rib plate 71, and the supporting plate 73 is a metal mesh with holes. First, the supporting plate 73 is positioned and placed on the supporting strip 72, and then the metal wire is passed through the holes on the edge of the supporting plate 73, and the edges of the supporting plate 73 are tightly bound to the rib plate 71. In this technical solution, the supporting plate 73 is designed with holes, and the low-flowability pervious concrete will not penetrate from the holes during the filling process. In addition to reducing the amount of welding work, the supporting plate 73 facilitates the spraying maintenance of the pervious concrete layer 61 during the maintenance stage. When installing the supporting plate 73, the supporting plate 73 can be wrapped with a dense mesh.

[0061] In another technical solution, a construction method of a lining layer waterproof structure is applied to the above-mentioned lining layer waterproof structure, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1, when the anchor cable and steel structure of the upper support structure 1 are set, the hoisting rod 10 is positioned and arranged in the steel structure of the upper support structure 1, the outer end of the hoisting rod 10 is wrapped, and the construction of the upper support structure 1 is completed by spraying concrete. Specifically, the outer end of the hoisting rod 10 needs to be temporarily wrapped and protected by a plastic sheath or adhesive tape to prevent the spraying concrete from contaminating the threads. Then, the concrete spraying operation is performed to form a complete upper support structure 1, which ensures that the hoisting rod 10 is firmly anchored therein to provide a force basis for the installation of the support arch piece 7.

[0063] S2, the rock mass of the next construction section is excavated to form a construction space of the lower support structure 2, the steel bars of the lower support structure 2 are bound and tied, and the drainage pipe 80 is pre-buried. The lower support structure 2 of the construction section is supported and poured, and the construction section is completed. Specifically, after the upper support structure 1 is stable, the next section of rock mass is excavated to provide a working space for the lower support structure 2. When binding and tying the steel bars of the lower support structure 2, the drainage pipe 80 needs to be pre-buried at the designed position. One end of the drainage pipe 80 protrudes from the surface design position of the future protruding part 20, and the other end leads to the center line of the tunnel. Before pouring the lower support structure 2, the pipe opening of the drainage pipe 80 needs to be covered to avoid contamination.

[0064] S3, after the lower support structure 2 reaches 75% strength, the drainage blind ditch 9 is constructed thereon, the drainage pipe 80 is connected to the drainage blind ditch 9 through the pipeline, the lower waterproof layer 51 is fully laid on the drainage blind ditch 9 and the related pipeline, and the lower waterproof layer 51 is fixed to the inner wall of the lower support structure 2. Specifically, after the lower support structure 2 reaches 75% strength, the drainage blind ditch 9 is constructed thereon, the pre-buried drainage pipe 80 is connected to the drainage main pipe 90 in the drainage blind ditch 9 through a tee joint or an elbow, and the pervious geotextile 92 and the gravel filling layer 91 are constructed. The gravel filling layer 91 wraps the interface area of the drainage main pipe 90 and the drainage pipe 80. After the construction of the drainage blind ditch 9 is completed, the lower waterproof layer 51 is laid.

[0065] S4, install the reinforcement of the inverted arch structure 3, support the formwork and pour the inverted arch structure 3 of the construction section, specifically, according to the existing relevant specifications and atlas, the reinforcement binding of the inverted arch structure 3 and the setting and connection of the rubber water stop belt and the steel plate water stop belt are carried out according to the requirements, and the pouring of the inverted arch structure 3 is completed.

[0066] S5, install the drain floor drain 8 at the exposed end of the drain pipe 80, and block the gap between the drain floor drain 8 and the protruding part 20, specifically, clean the surface of the protruding part 20 and unfasten the pipe opening protection of the drain pipe 80, construct a sealing ring 83 at the pipe root of the drain pipe 80, put the pipe opening fixing part 810 of the drain floor drain 8 into the end of the drain pipe 80, then smear a layer of mortar 82 on the surface of the protruding part 20 and slope to the position of each drain floor drain 8, the mortar layer 82 should be higher than the bottom of the cover 81, to ensure that the drain floor drain 8 is stable and there is no gap around it, to prevent water seepage short circuit.

[0067] S6, mix the pervious concrete, and install the support arch piece 7 row by row from bottom to top, after installing a row of support arch pieces 7, fill the pervious concrete into the support arch piece 7 and the upper support structure 1, appropriately vibrate and compact and water conservation, the support arch piece 7 at the arch top is installed and filled with pervious concrete from the previous construction section direction after the pervious concrete layer 61 on both sides is filled, until the pervious concrete layer 61 is completely constructed, specifically, the dry pervious concrete is mixed on site according to the design mix ratio, at the same time, the support arch piece 7 is installed row by row upwards from the bottom of the upper support structure 1 on both sides, after installing a row of support arch pieces 7, the pervious concrete is filled into the inside from the gap between the support arch piece 7 and the upper support structure 1 above, the filling process can be moderately vibrated and compacted by using a plane vibrator, and timely water conservation, the pervious concrete layer 61 at the arch top position needs to be constructed after the pervious concrete on both sides is filled and preliminarily stabilized, starting from the previous construction section as the starting point, the support arch piece 7 is installed piece by piece and the pervious concrete is filled, to ensure that the pervious concrete layer 61 is continuous, dense and pervious.

[0068] S7, construction of the transition layer 62, the entire support arch piece 7 is buried in the transition layer 62, specifically, after the pervious concrete layer 61 reaches a certain strength, the transition layer 62 is constructed, a continuous and airtight transition layer 62 is formed inside the support plate 73 of the support arch piece 7 by using sprayed fine stone concrete or artificial troweling impermeable mortar, the construction needs to ensure that the rib plate 71, the fixing sleeve 70, the nut 101 and other components of the support arch piece 7 are completely buried, and the surface of the transition layer 62 is flat, to provide a good base for the subsequent waterproof layer laying.

[0069] S8, fix the upper waterproof layer 5, and complete the reinforcement binding of the lining structure 4.

[0070] S9, the lining trolley enters the field, and the construction of the lining structure 4 is completed.

[0071] In another technical solution, in step S2, a steel formwork 21 is arranged on the inner side surface of the protruding part 20 along the length, the top edge of the steel formwork 21 is higher than the designed position of the protruding part 20, a reserved pipe hole 211 is arranged on the steel formwork 21 for the drain pipe 80 to pass through, one side surface of the steel formwork 21 is integrally poured with the protruding part 20, and the other surface of the steel formwork 21 is used as the formwork of the inverted arch structure 3. In this technical solution, the steel formwork 21 directly serves as the formwork for the pouring and forming of the protruding part 20 and is integrally poured with the protruding part 20, the reserved pipe hole 211 is arranged on the steel formwork 21 for the drain pipe 80 to pass through, a plurality of reserved holes 210 are arranged on the steel formwork 21 for fixing the anchor nails 93 when the subsequent water-permeable geotextile 92 is fixed, a plurality of pegs 212 are welded on the outer side surface of the steel formwork 21 for binding with the reinforcement in the protruding part 20 and forming an embedded fixing with the concrete of the protruding part 20, and the lower waterproof layer 51 can be fixed on the inner side surface of the steel formwork 21 in a non-piercing manner by means of adhesion, hot melting or the like.

[0072] It should be noted that although the above describes the steps in a specific order, it does not mean that the steps must be performed in the above specific order. In fact, some of the steps can be performed concurrently or even in a changed order, as long as the desired function can be achieved. The number of devices and the processing scale described herein are used to simplify the description of the present application, and the application, modification and change of the present application are obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0073] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the application and implementation listed in the specification and embodiments, and can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application. Those skilled in the art can easily realize additional modifications, and therefore the present application is not limited to specific details and the figures shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A construction method for a waterproof lining structure, wherein the waterproof lining structure includes an initial support layer and a tunnel lining layer; The tunnel lining layer includes an inverted arch structure (3) and a lining structure (4), and the tunnel lining layer is covered with a complete waterproof layer. The initial support layer includes an upper support structure (1) and a lower support structure (2). The upper support structure (1) has a matrix anchor with several tie rods (10). One end of the tie rod (10) passes through the upper support structure (1). The lower support structure (2) extends into the tunnel to form a protrusion (20). The protrusion (20) is close to the junction of the lower support structure (2) and the upper support structure (1). A semi-annular drainage interlayer (6) is formed between the protrusion (20), the upper support structure (1), and the waterproof layer. Several adjacent and flush supporting arch pieces (7) are connected and fixed to the upper support structure (1) by a tie rod (10). All supporting arch pieces (7) form an arch in the drainage interlayer (6). The supporting arch pieces (7) include a support plate (73) that matches the shape of the upper support structure (1) and is opposite to it. A permeable concrete layer (61) is filled between the support plate (73) and the upper support structure (1). A transition layer (62) is formed between the support plate (73) and the waterproof layer. At least one drainage ditch (9) is provided between the lower support structure (2) and the waterproof layer located under the arch structure (3). The protrusion (20) is provided with several drainage drains (8) on the surface located on the side of the permeable concrete layer (61). The drainage drains (8) are connected to a drainage pipe (80) buried in the lower support structure (2). The other end of the drainage pipe (80) passes through the lower support structure (2) and is connected to the drainage ditch (9). The waterproof layer includes a lower waterproof layer (51) and an upper waterproof layer (5). The upper waterproof layer (5) is fixed to the inner wall of the transition layer (62). The lower waterproof layer (51) is laid on the upper part of the lower support structure (2) and the drainage blind ditch (9), and its two sides extend upwards from the arch structure (3) and overlap with the upper waterproof layer (5). Its features are, The construction method includes the following steps: S1. When anchoring cables and steel structures are installed in the upper support structure (1), the tie rod (10) is positioned inside the steel structure of the upper support structure (1), the extended end of the tie rod (10) is wrapped, and the construction of the upper support structure (1) is completed by spraying concrete. S2. Excavate the rock mass of the next construction section to form the construction space of the lower support structure (2), tie the steel bars of the lower support structure (2) and pre-embed drainage pipes (80), and form and pour the lower support structure (2) of the construction section. S3. After the lower support structure (2) reaches 75% strength, a drainage blind ditch (9) is constructed on it, and the drainage pipe (80) is connected to the drainage blind ditch (9) through the pipe. The lower waterproof layer (51) is fully laid on the drainage blind ditch (9) and related pipes, and the lower waterproof layer (51) is fixed to the inner wall of the lower support structure (2). S4. Install the reinforcing bars of the inverted arch structure (3), set up the formwork and pour the concrete to complete the construction section of the inverted arch structure (3); S5. Install a drain (8) at the exposed end of the drain pipe (80) and seal the gap between the drain (8) and the protrusion (20); S6. Mix permeable concrete and install the supporting arch pieces (7) row by row from bottom to top. After each row of supporting arch pieces (7) is installed, fill the permeable concrete into the supporting arch pieces (7) and the upper support structure (1), vibrate to compact and sprinkle water for curing. After the permeable concrete layers (61) on both sides of the arch top are filled, install and fill the supporting arch pieces (7) one by one from the direction of the previous construction section until all permeable concrete layers (61) are completed. S7, Construction transition layer (62), in which all the supporting arch pieces (7) are embedded; S8. Fix the upper waterproof layer (5) and complete the steel reinforcement binding of the lining structure (4); S9. The lining trolley enters the site and completes the construction of the lining structure (4).

2. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the drain pipe (80) extends from the protrusion (20) into the drainage interlayer (6). The drain floor drain (8) includes a pipe opening fixing member (810) and a cover (81). The pipe opening fixing member (810) is sleeved on the end of the drain pipe (80). The cover (81) is connected to the outside of the pipe opening fixing member (810). The cover (81) is a cylindrical shell or a conical shell with several holes.

3. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A mortar layer (82) is laid on the protrusion (20), and the lower part of the cover (81) is embedded inside the mortar layer (82).

4. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transition layer (62) is a fine stone concrete spray layer or an impermeable mortar plaster layer.

5. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two drainage blind ditches (9) are provided between the inner wall of the lower support structure (2) and the waterproof layer located under the invert arch structure (3). A drainage main pipe (90) is provided in the drainage blind ditch (9). The drainage pipe (80) is connected to the drainage main pipe (90). The drainage main pipe (90) and the drainage pipe (80) are covered with a ring of crushed stone filling layer (91). The crushed stone filling layer (91) is covered with a permeable geotextile (92). The permeable geotextile (92) is fixed to the lower support structure (2) by multiple rows of anchor nails (93).

6. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting arch plate (7) also includes a fixing sleeve (70) corresponding to the suspension rod (10). The extended end of the suspension rod (10) is threaded. The suspension rod (10) passes through the fixing sleeve (70) and is fixed to the fixing sleeve (70) by the nut (101). A strip-shaped rib plate (71) is connected between any two adjacent fixing sleeves (70). The grid structure formed by all the rib plates (71) is connected to the support plate (73). The rib plate (71) structure, fixing sleeve (70) and nut (101) on the side of the support plate (73) near the lining structure (4) are embedded in the transition layer (62).

7. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support plate (73) consists of several perforated plates. Supporting strips (72) are provided on both sides of the rib (71). Each support plate (73) is matched and set in a grid partition formed by several ribs (71). The side of the support plate (73) near the lining structure (4) abuts against the supporting strip (72). The support plate (73) and the rib (71) are fixed by winding metal wire.

8. The construction method of the waterproof lining structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a steel template (21) is installed along the inner side of the protrusion (20) along its length. The top edge of the steel template (21) is higher than the designed position of the protrusion (20). A reserved pipe hole (211) is opened on the steel template (21) for the drainage pipe (80) to pass through. One side surface of the steel template (21) is integrally cast with the protrusion (20), and the other side of the steel template (21) is used as the template for the inverted arch structure (3).

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