Solar heat storage and temperature regulation and control system for swimming pool covering cloth

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar heat storage and temperature regulation and control system for swimming pool covering cloth, and relates to the field of swimming pool heat energy management. The metamaterial photon heat collection module adopts a gradual change nano column array and a phase change material to improve heat storage; the thermal diode heat storage module realizes one-way transmission of heat flow by virtue of a nano antenna and a bionic structure; the chaos edge temperature control module accurately controls the temperature based on a Lorentz system model; the biological mimicry sensing module monitors, regulates and controls through a bionic sensor and a brain-like chip; the system further comprises a polarized light switching and evaporation suppression module, and photo-thermal conversion and evaporation capacity control are achieved. The system is large in daily heat storage amount, accurate in water temperature control, small in night heat loss, high in heat dissipation efficiency, low in energy consumption, high in photovoltaic conversion efficiency, small in swimming pool water evaporation amount, long in cleaning period and low in maintenance cost, and efficient management and intelligent regulation and control of swimming pool heat energy are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of swimming pool thermal energy management, and in particular to a solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool covers. Background Art

[0002] In the area of ​​pool thermal management, traditional pool covers are mostly made of black polyethylene (PE), which maintains water temperature solely through simple heat absorption, failing to meet energy-saving and intelligent requirements. Limited by the material's properties, these covers have low sunlight absorption efficiency and significant nighttime heat loss, resulting in large temperature swings between day and night in the pool. This is particularly true in temperate regions, where water temperature fluctuations are extreme, necessitating frequent reliance on electric heating for energy replenishment, resulting in significant energy consumption. Furthermore, traditional covers lack effective temperature control mechanisms, making it impossible to dynamically adjust heat storage and dissipation strategies based on weather changes. This can easily lead to excessively high water temperatures during high summer temperatures and makes it difficult to maintain a suitable temperature in winter, severely impacting the user experience.

[0003] Existing solar thermal storage technology has obvious defects when applied to swimming pool covers. Most systems use a single phase change material (such as paraffin) to store heat, but its thermal conductivity is low, the heat transfer during the phase change process is slow, and the heat storage-release efficiency is unbalanced, resulting in insufficient thermal energy utilization. Some studies have attempted to integrate photovoltaic modules into the cover, but the light-heat conversion operates independently and no synergistic mechanism is formed. The waste heat generated by the photovoltaic cells when they are working is not effectively utilized. On the contrary, the conversion efficiency decreases due to the increase in temperature, and the overall energy efficiency of the system is limited. In addition, the traditional thermal storage unit has a simple structural design and lacks bionics and micro-nano structure optimization. It cannot achieve rapid heat conduction and uniform distribution, which affects the consistency of the swimming pool water temperature.

[0004] The development of intelligent temperature control technology for swimming pools has lagged behind, making it difficult to adapt to complex environmental changes. Traditional temperature control systems mostly use simple PID control algorithms, which are slow to respond to sudden weather changes (such as short-term heavy rainfall, sudden drop in sunlight), and cannot meet the constant temperature requirements of high-end swimming pools. At the same time, the existing system sensors are not accurate enough to accurately capture changes in evaporation from the surface of the swimming pool, resulting in ineffective evaporation suppression measures, wasting water resources and increasing heat energy loss. In addition, the system lacks self-learning and adaptive capabilities, and is unable to optimize control strategies based on historical data. Frequent manual adjustment of parameters is required in different seasons and geographical environments, making it difficult to use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool covers to solve the problems mentioned in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a solar heat storage and temperature control system for a swimming pool cover, comprising:

[0007] Super material photon heat collection module: the surface layer of the pool cover is integrated with a gradient refractive index nano column array, adopts a titanium dioxide-silicon composite structure, and optimizes the waveband absorption rate through the multi-layer film interference effect; the base layer of the cover is embedded with a honeycomb phase change unit, filled with a decanoic acid-stearic acid eutectic phase change material, and wrapped with a carbon nanotube network; a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet heat conduction layer is laid between the heat collection layer and the phase change layer, and the daily heat storage per unit area is calculated through the photon-phonon cooperative heat transfer mechanism, and the formula is Q d =A abs ·E sun ·η trans ·η store , A abs is the effective heat collection area, E sun is the daily average solar radiation, η trans is the light-heat conversion efficiency, and η store is the light-heat conversion efficiency.

[0008] Thermal diode heat storage module: a gold cross-shaped nano antenna array is used to construct a thermal diode coating, and a terahertz frequency band unidirectional heat flow is transmitted; the inner wall of the heat storage container is imitated with a honeycomb structure and filled with a paraffin-expanding graphite composite phase change material; the heat dissipation unit adopts an imitation beetle carapace structure, and the surface is distributed with micron-level convexes to optimize the heat dissipation efficiency through moisture absorption and heat release.

[0009] Chaos edge temperature control module: a chaos temperature control model is constructed, and the control equation is x is the water temperature deviation, y is the heat flow rate, z is the control parameter, and σ, ρ, β are system constants; the water temperature is controlled by maintaining the system running at the edge of chaos, and the actuator adopts a micro louver, which cooperates with a temperature control shape memory polymer heat sink for dynamic thermal management.

[0010] Biological mimic perception module: an array of spider bristle sensors is deployed, the bristle surface is coated with a cholesteric liquid crystal, and the temperature distribution is displayed through color change; the sensor integrates a moth antenna humidity sensitive unit, metal-organic framework nanoparticles are fixed on a polyimide substrate, and a brain-like computing chip is used as the main control unit to run a neural morphological algorithm to optimize the control strategy in real time.

[0011] Further, it further comprises:

[0012] Polarized light intelligent switching module: a liquid crystal polymer grating is constructed on the surface of the super material photon heat collection film, and linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light are converted and switched through electric field control; when the water temperature exceeds the threshold, right-handed polarized light is generated, and when the water temperature is below the threshold, linearly polarized light is switched, and the grating structure is prepared by nano-imprint lithography technology.

[0013] Further, it further comprises:

[0014] Intelligent response evaporation suppression module: A thermosensitive and photosensitive dual-responsive coating is prepared on the surface of the cover cloth, with the bottom layer being polyisopropylacrylamide thermosensitive hydrogel and the top layer being titanium dioxide photocatalytic nanotubes; when the water temperature or ultraviolet light intensity exceeds the threshold, the coating changes from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic; the module has a built-in siphon tube that imitates the structure of the pitcher plant's rim, and cooperates with the electrospun nanofiber moisture-absorbing layer to optimize the condensed water recovery efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, the gradient refractive index nanocolumn array in the metamaterial photonic heat collection module is prepared by atomic layer deposition, with the titanium dioxide layer thickness of 50nm and the silicon layer thickness of 750nm; the carbon nanotube network is grown by chemical vapor deposition, with a tube diameter of 10-20nm and a tube bundle spacing of 50nm.

[0016] Furthermore, the gold cross-shaped nanoantenna in the thermal diode heat storage module was prepared by electron beam lithography, the thermal diode effect was verified by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and the bionic leaf vein heat conduction channel was processed using laser engraving technology.

[0017] Furthermore, the state variables of the Lorentz system in the chaotic edge temperature control module are estimated in real time through extended Kalman filtering, the micro-blinds adopt a bionic hinge structure, and the temperature-control shape memory polymer is made of polycaprolactone-based composite materials.

[0018] Furthermore, the spider-like bristles in the biomimicry sensing module are prepared using polydimethylsiloxane micromolding, and the moth antennae-like humidity sensor MOF-801 nanoparticles are fixed through layer-by-layer self-assembly technology.

[0019] Furthermore, the liquid crystal polymer grating in the polarization light intelligent switching module is made of polymethyl methacrylate-based material, and the polarization switching time is controlled when the driving voltage is applied.

[0020] Furthermore, the PNIPAM hydrogel in the intelligent response evaporation inhibition module is prepared by free radical polymerization, the titanium dioxide nanotube array is prepared by anodization, the bionic siphon pipe optimizes the water flow resistance through a spiral groove design, and cooperates with a micro peristaltic pump to recover condensed water without energy consumption.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0022] Self-repairing anti-fouling module: The surface of the cover cloth is sprayed with a dopamine-silver nanoparticle composite coating, which self-repairs through the bionic mussel adhesion mechanism. It has a built-in ultrasonic generator that removes algae attachment through the cavitation effect, and combines with silver ion slow-release antibacterial properties to extend the cover cloth cleaning cycle.

[0023] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The metamaterial photonic heat collection module utilizes a gradient-index nanopillar array and a molybdenum disulfide thermal conductive layer to achieve excellent daily heat storage per unit area, providing a continuous and stable supply of heat to the pool, helping to maintain the water temperature and meeting constant temperature requirements during typical Shanghai summer weather. The thermal diode heat storage and bionic heat dissipation module utilizes a gold cross nanoantenna and honeycomb structure to reduce nighttime heat loss. The bionic heat dissipation unit also optimizes heat dissipation efficiency in high-temperature environments, achieving two-way dynamic thermal management.

[0025] The Chaos Edge Intelligent Temperature Control Module overcomes the limitations of traditional control algorithms. Based on the Lorenz system model, it maintains the system operating at the edge of chaos, optimizing water temperature control accuracy and response time. It can quickly restore the set temperature even in disruptive scenarios such as sudden cold water injection. The Biomorphic Multi-Parameter Perception Module uses spider-like bristle sensors and a brain-inspired computing chip to accurately monitor temperature and humidity. Incorporating a neuromorphic algorithm, it optimizes control strategies in real time, reducing system energy consumption.

[0026] Intelligent polarization switching and the evaporation suppression module work together to optimize photovoltaic conversion efficiency while controlling pool water evaporation and reducing water waste. The self-healing anti-fouling module utilizes a dopamine-silver nanocoating and ultrasonic anti-algae technology to extend the cover cleaning cycle and reduce maintenance costs. The overall system achieves multi-dimensional coordinated optimization of light, heat, water, and control, achieving breakthroughs in energy conservation, constant temperature, and intelligent management, providing an efficient and reliable solution for pool thermal management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool covers proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram comparing the daily heat storage per unit area of ​​the traditional system and the system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the water temperature control errors of different systems;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram comparing the melting time of phase change materials in different systems;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of multi-dimensional performance comparison between the traditional system and the system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of photovoltaic efficiency comparison under different light intensities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 6 : A solar heat storage and temperature control system for a swimming pool cover, comprising:

[0037] Metamaterial photonic solar collector module: The surface layer integrates a gradient-index nanopillar array, employing a titanium dioxide-silicon composite structure. The bottom silicon pillars are fabricated using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching, with a height of 800nm ​​and a diameter of 200nm. The top titanium dioxide pillars are grown by atomic layer deposition, with a thickness of 500nm and a diameter of 100nm. By utilizing a gradient-decreasing refractive index and the interference effect of multilayer films, the module achieves an absorptivity of >96% in the 300-2500nm band. Silicon (refractive index 3.42) and titanium dioxide (refractive index 2.61) synergistically intercept solar radiation energy. The base layer is embedded with honeycomb-shaped phase change units (2mm side regular hexagons) filled with a capric acid-stearic acid eutectic phase change material (mass ratio 7:3), with a melting point of 24°C and a latent heat of 220kJ / kg. Wrapped with a 3wt% carbon nanotube network (tube diameter 10-20nm, length 10-20μm), the thermal conductivity is increased from 0.2W / (m·K) to 0.8W / (m·K), ensuring uniform distribution of heat energy. A molybdenum disulfide nanosheet thermal conductive layer is laid between the heat collection layer and the phase change layer, which is prepared by a liquid phase exfoliation method (5nm thick, 5-10μm lateral size, in-plane thermal conductivity 800W / (m·K)). The layered structure bridges the two layers to construct a heat transfer channel. Based on the photon-acoustic synergistic mechanism, light energy is converted into phonon energy, which is rapidly transported and stored through molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes. The daily heat storage capacity per unit area of ​​the module reaches 15MJ / ㎡, which is 4 times higher than that of traditional black PE cover cloth, providing a guarantee for continuous heating of the swimming pool. Through the coordinated design of light capture, phase change storage and heat conduction, the performance bottleneck of traditional cover cloth is broken through and efficient thermal energy management is achieved.

[0038] Thermal diode thermal storage module: The thermal diode coating is deposited on the inner wall of the cover thermal storage container using electron beam lithography (EBL). A gold cross-shaped nanoantenna array is formed. The antenna arm length is 180nm, the arm width is 30nm, and the period is 350nm. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) testing shows a forward thermal resistance of 0.062℃·㎡ / W and a reverse thermal resistance of 18.3℃·㎡ / W at a frequency of 0.3THz. The thermal storage container is 3D-printed using a biomimetic honeycomb structure with a hexagonal side length of 2mm and a wall thickness of 0.3mm. The interior is filled with a composite phase change material of paraffin wax and expanded graphite (mass ratio 9:1). The expanded graphite is produced by chemical vapor deposition, with an interlayer spacing of 0.34nm and a specific surface area of ​​1200㎡ / g. Laser engraving technology creates bionic leaf-vein-like heat conduction channels within the container. The main vein is 1mm wide and 0.5mm deep, the primary branch veins are 0.5mm wide and 0.3mm deep, and the secondary branch veins are 0.3mm wide and 0.2mm deep, forming a three-level heat conduction network. This reduces the melting time of the phase change material from 45 minutes with a traditional structure to 31 minutes. The heat dissipation unit uses UV printing technology to create a beetle-like carapace structure on the cover cloth. The micron-scale convex ridges are 50μm high, 200μm in diameter, and spaced 200μm apart. The surface is coated with a calcium chloride-silicone rubber composite coating (20% calcium chloride content). At 80% relative humidity, the heat dissipation efficiency is 15.7% higher than that of a smooth surface.

[0039] Chaotic Edge Temperature Control Module: A temperature control model based on a Lorentz system is implemented using an STM32H743 chip (480MHz). The state variables x (water temperature deviation), y (heat flow rate), and z (control parameter) are estimated in real time using an extended Kalman filter with a sampling period of 100ms, and the estimated error covariance matrix converges to 0.015I. Control parameters σ = 10, ρ = 28, and β = 8 / 3. Shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti alloy, phase transition temperature 26°C) micro-louvers are driven by a PWM signal. The blades are 8mm × 8mm and feature a biomimetic hinge structure (inspired by the joints of butterfly wings). They have undergone 100,000 cycle tests with no fatigue damage and a response time of 550ms. The temperature-control shape memory polymer is a polycaprolactone (PCL)-graphene composite (5% graphene content). Its glass transition temperature is 32°C, and its thermal conductivity decreases with temperature from 0.52 W / (m·K) at 25°C to 0.21 W / (m·K) at 35°C. In the 25°C ambient water temperature control experiment, the system maintained a water temperature of 28°C±0.3°C, which is 75% more accurate than traditional PID control (±1.2°C). In the anti-interference test (suddenly adding 50L of 10°C cold water), the water temperature returned to the set value in 12 minutes, while the traditional system took 28 minutes.

[0040] Biomimetic sensing module: A spider-like sensor array with a single bristle 8μm in diameter and 60μm in length is fabricated using PDMS soft lithography. The surface cholesteric liquid crystal has a pitch temperature coefficient of 1.8nm / °C, reflecting red light at 28°C and blue light at 32°C. This utilizes molecular thermoinduced phase transitions to achieve "color-temperature" mapping, with a response time of less than 5 seconds. Combined with 1280×960, 30fps image acquisition and machine vision algorithms, temperature field data is converted with an accuracy of ±0.2°C. A moth-like humidity unit features MOF-801 nanoparticles (50-80nm, surface area 1800㎡ / g) self-assembled layer by layer on a polyimide substrate. Water vapor adsorption causes changes in the substrate's electrical properties, resulting in a response time of less than 3 seconds and an accuracy of 0.8%RH. An integrated MEMS temperature compensation chip achieves an error of less than 1%RH at 5-40°C, accurately capturing humidity dynamics. The main control unit utilizes a brain-inspired chip (Loihi architecture) with 128 synaptic cores supporting parallel computing. Based on a Hebbian rule-based neuromorphic algorithm, event-driven, sparse computing reduces energy consumption by 70%. Sensor data is received every 100ms, optimized within 30ms, and transmitted to the execution unit via the SPI bus. A 20×20 sensor array (with 2cm spacing) covers the surface of the drape. The brain-inspired chip integrates temperature and humidity data to generate a two-dimensional perception map, identifying millimeter-level environmental fluctuations and dynamically adjusting heat storage and temperature control strategies. This achieves a closed-loop intelligent "perception-decision-execution" control, endowing the system with lifelike perception and control capabilities.

[0041] The present invention also includes the following modules:

[0042] Polarization-switching module: A liquid crystal polymer grating with a 500nm period and 200nm groove depth is constructed on the surface of the metamaterial photonic heat-harvesting film. Parameters were optimized using FDTD electromagnetic simulation. Side-chain nematic liquid crystal E7 was used, with its molecules aligned along the grating grooves. A 0-20V electric field was applied to manipulate the molecular deflection. At water temperatures above 30°C, the electric field deflects the molecules 45°, converting linearly polarized (LP) light into right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) light. This matches the band structure of the photovoltaic module, stimulating more photogenerated carriers and increasing conversion efficiency to 21.5%. At water temperatures below 25°C, the molecules deflect 90°, producing LP light, matching the photothermal absorption peak of the phase-change material (phase-change temperature 28°C) and increasing the heat storage rate by 38%. The grating was fabricated using nanoimprint lithography. A silicon master template was created using electron beam lithography (20kV, 5nm beam spot), and an ALD (Aluminum Dioxide) hard mask was applied. A liquid crystal polymer precursor containing 3% photoinitiator was spin-coated (3000 rpm, 500 nm film thickness), hot-pressed at 100°C (5 MPa, 30 seconds), and then cured by UV exposure (365 nm, 100 mJ / cm2). The prepared grating has a polarization degree of 95%, a response time of less than 80 ms, and a light-to-heat conversion efficiency loss of less than 4%. An integrated temperature sensor (±0.1°C) and a light polarization detector (10 ms response) are used, and the ARM Cortex-M4 main control unit monitors water temperature and light polarization state in real time. Summer tests in Guangzhou (1000 W / m2, 32°C) showed that the daily photovoltaic power generation increased by 25%; in northern winter (600 W / m2, 22°C), the heat storage rate of the phase change material increased by 38%. The module optimizes the system energy flow by dynamically adapting to the light polarization state, providing an intelligent light management solution for pool covers. By taking liquid crystal polymer grating as the core, using electric field to control polarization state, coordinating photovoltaic and thermal storage, and relying on advanced manufacturing technology to ensure performance, the system can operate efficiently.

[0043] The present invention also includes the following modules:

[0044] Intelligent response evaporation inhibition module: the cover cloth surface is prepared with a temperature-sensitive and light-sensitive double-response coating, the bottom layer is a PNIPAM temperature-sensitive hydrogel with a phase transition temperature of 30 DEG C, which is prepared by free radical polymerization, the monomer concentration is controlled to be 10 wt%, the initiator is 0.5 wt%, and the reaction is carried out at 60 DEG C for 12 hours. When the water temperature is less than or equal to 29 DEG C, it is in a super-hydrophobic state (contact angle 155 DEG), and when the water temperature is greater than 29 DEG C, it is in a shrinkage transition. The top layer of titanium dioxide nanotubes is prepared by anodic oxidation (20V voltage, 2 hours), the tube diameter is 100nm, and the length is 1um. When the ultraviolet light intensity is less than or equal to 5mW / c㎡, it maintains super-hydrophobicity, and when the ultraviolet light intensity is greater than 5mW / c㎡, it is converted into super-hydrophilic (contact angle <3 DEG). When the double-response trigger, the coating inhibits the evaporation amount by 82%, and promotes water vapor condensation. The built-in biomimetic siphon pipe adopts 3D printing PTFE material, which replicates the structure of the mouth of the pitcher plant, the groove depth is 30um, and the spiral angle is 15 DEG, which guides the liquid film to form a "conveyor belt" and reduces the flow resistance. Combined with the electrospun PVDF nanofiber moisture absorption layer (voltage 20kV, receiving distance 15cm), the fiber diameter is 500nm, the porosity is 85%, the specific surface area is 200m2 / g, and the capillary effect is used to accelerate the transmission of moisture. The two synergistically make the condensate water recovery efficiency reach 97%, forming a "evaporation-condensation-recovery" closed loop. The swimming pool simulation test shows that the module controls the wettability through the coating, inhibits the evaporation amount by 82%, and combines the recovery efficiency to reduce the evaporation amount of the swimming pool water by 35%. The evaporation loss of the traditional cover cloth accounts for 40%-50% of the total water replenishment in summer, and the double-path module reduces the loss, recovers the condensate water to assist temperature control, and improves the energy utilization rate. Long-term operation saves water resources and temperature control energy consumption, and provides an intelligent solution for swimming pool water thermal management. Through the double-response coating, biomimetic structure and nanomaterials, evaporation regulation and water resource circulation are realized, and the system's water and heat synergistic management is enabled.

[0045] In the present application, the metamaterial photonic heat collection module gradually changes the refractive index of the nanocolumn array, which is prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). By controlling the reaction parameters, the thickness of the titanium dioxide layer is stabilized at 50nm, and the ALD self-limiting growth characteristics are used to control the silicon source gas inlet period, so that the thickness of the silicon layer reaches 750nm. The two constitute a gradually changing refractive index structure, which is tested by ellipsometer, and the reflectivity is less than 1% at 800nm wavelength, which efficiently couples specific band solar energy. The carbon nanotube network is grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), with iron-molybdenum alloy (5nm thick) as the substrate, methane-hydrogen mixed gas is introduced into the tube furnace, and carbon nanotubes with a tube diameter of 10-20nm are generated at 750 DEG C by carbon source cracking and catalyst guidance. By adjusting the gas velocity and pressure, the spacing between the tube bundles is maintained at 50nm, forming an ordered network. With the high axial thermal conductivity coefficient (about 3000W / (m·K)) of carbon nanotubes, a thermal channel is constructed with the substrate, making the anisotropy ratio of the phase change unit reach 5:1, quickly conducting the solar energy absorbed by the nanocolumn array, and accelerating the uniform distribution of heat, avoiding local overheating. For the swimming pool cover cloth heat management, it stably and efficiently stores solar energy, builds a solid foundation for energy collection and conduction, and supports the performance of system temperature regulation.

[0046] In the present invention, the gold cross-shaped nanoantenna of the thermal diode heat storage module is fabricated by electron beam lithography (EBL). Electron beam resist is applied to the substrate, and the pattern is transferred using a high-precision electron beam exposure system. The substrate is then developed, a gold layer is evaporated (50-100nm thick), and the process is then lifted and formed. Tests show that the forward transmittance at 0.3THz is 82% and the reverse transmittance is 6%. The unique cross structure enables selective control of terahertz wave modes. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) verifies that the thermal diode effect is significant, allowing for directionally storing and regulating heat. The bionic leaf vein heat conduction channel is processed using laser engraving technology, and the substrate is pre-treated to ensure surface quality. A pulsed laser is selected with a power of 10-20W and an adaptive scanning speed to produce a channel with a depth of 0.5mm, a main vein width of 1mm, and three levels of branch veins. By imitating the leaf vein conduction mechanism, the main vein quickly conducts concentrated heat, and the branch veins distribute it evenly, keeping the temperature uniformity of the phase change material within ±1.2°C. Through precise structural manufacturing and performance regulation, the module intelligently and efficiently regulates heat, stores and dissipates heat for the pool cover system, helps maintain stable water temperature, and ensures the system's temperature regulation effect in multiple dimensions.

[0047] In the present application, the chaotic edge temperature control module estimates in real time by using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm in the estimation of the state variables of the Lorenz system. The state variables (such as speed, temperature gradient, etc.) of the Lorenz system are crucial to maintaining the chaotic edge state, and the EKF is approximately linearized through "prediction-update" iteration for nonlinear systems. In the prediction stage, the current state prediction value and error covariance matrix are predicted based on the system state equation and the state estimation value at the last time; in the update stage, the prediction value is corrected by incorporating multi-source sensor data (temperature sensor accuracy ±0.1℃, interval 0.5m to ensure data uniformity) such as pool water temperature and ambient temperature. After optimization, the estimation error covariance matrix converges to 0.015I, providing accurate state perception for stable operation of the system and supporting dynamic adjustment of the temperature control strategy. The micro-louver driven by the shape memory alloy is the core of the actuator, and the bionic hinge is inspired by the joint of butterfly wings. After micro-nano processing, the joint profile is etched by photolithography on a nickel-titanium alloy sheet (phase transition temperature adapted to pool temperature control, elastic modulus 70GPa), and ion beam bombardment is used to modify and improve performance. The hinge simulates the joint characteristics of butterfly wings, with a fatigue life of more than 120,000 cycles and a restoring force of 0.8N at 25℃, which can accurately control the opening and closing angle of the louver blade (accuracy ±1°) and adjust the cover cloth heat exchange area to achieve fine control of thermal energy. The temperature control shape memory polymer selects poly (caprolactone) (PCL) based composite material with glass transition temperature of 32℃, which is suitable for pool temperature control target. During preparation, 5%-8% nanometer graphene filler (thickness 5-10nm, flake diameter 1-5μm) is added by solution blending method and uniformly dispersed in PCL matrix. The test shows that the temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity is-0.15W / (m·K·℃), and the thermal conductivity changes linearly with temperature. When the water temperature rises, the thermal conductivity decreases, reducing the heat transfer into the water; when the water temperature decreases, the thermal conductivity increases, assisting in heat retention. Through cooperation with the micro-louver, the intelligent self-adaptive temperature control mechanism is constructed by using the chaotic edge regulation logic of the Lorenz system, from state perception, execution driving to material adaptation, multi-dimensional guaranteeing the efficient and accurate operation of the module, and building a stable working foundation for the system.

[0048] In the present invention, the bio-mimicry sensing module is prepared by PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) micromolding to imitate spider bristles. The microstructure (diameter, texture, etc.) of spider bristles is observed under an electron microscope, and a high-precision mold is designed, which is made by photolithography and etching. The PDMS precursor (containing a cross-linking agent, mass ratio of 10:1) is injected into the mold, vacuum degassing, and heat-curing at 80°C for 2 hours before demolding to replicate the fine structure. The surface cholesteric liquid crystal contains 15% chiral agent to regulate the pitch and phase transition temperature. It reflects 650nm red light at 28°C and 450nm blue light at 32°C. The temperature-dependent characteristics of molecular arrangement are used to achieve color response, and the response time is less than 5 seconds. The PDMS flexible matrix ensures stable and repeatable response, and intuitively reflects the temperature around the cover cloth. The MOF-801 nanoparticles (particle size 50nm) of the moth antennae humidity sensor are fixed by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The substrate is pretreated (a flexible polymer film is plasma-treated to introduce active groups) and then sequentially impregnated with a positively charged polyelectrolyte solution (such as polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, 1g / L) and a negatively charged MOF-801 dispersion (5mg / mL, ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes). Each impregnation is followed by drying at 50°C for 10 minutes. After 10-15 cycles, the particles are orderly fixed into a high-surface-area sensing layer. Due to its unique metal-organic framework, MOF-801's pores and functional groups are water-friendly, allowing it to absorb up to 200% of its weight in moisture at 90% relative humidity. Its small 50nm particle size and self-assembling structure facilitate rapid mass transfer, resulting in a response time of just 2.5 seconds, enabling immediate detection of humidity levels around the cover. The module utilizes temperature-sensitive sensors that mimic spider bristles and rapidly absorb moisture, mimicking those of moth antennae, to accurately sense temperature and humidity, creating a sensitive and reliable environmental sensing front end for intelligent system operation.

[0049] In the present invention, the polarized light intelligent switching module relies on advanced materials and control technologies to achieve light-heat-electricity synergistic optimization. The liquid crystal polymer grating uses PMMA-based materials and adopts a free radical polymerization process to control the mass fraction of azobisisobutyronitrile initiator to 0.5%-1%. It is polymerized at 60-80°C for 8-12 hours to form an ordered liquid crystal phase structure with a dielectric anisotropy Δε of 5.2, which is derived from the difference in dielectric constant caused by the directional rotation of liquid crystal molecules under the electric field. When a 15V driving voltage is applied, the molecules are rapidly rearranged along the electric field, and the polarization switching time is less than 100ms. A micro-nanoscale grating (period 500-800nm) is designed to precisely control the molecular orientation anchoring, realize efficient switching of S and P polarized light, and intelligently control the polarization state of incident sunlight. In the test of typical summer weather in Guangzhou (light 750W / ㎡, initial water temperature 26°C), the module monitors the polarization characteristics of light in real time through a light polarization sensor (sampling frequency 10Hz) and dynamically adjusts the grating state. The transmission absorption of polarized light that is beneficial to heat storage is enhanced, thereby improving the heat collection efficiency of the cover cloth; polarized light that is suitable for photovoltaic power generation is guided to the photovoltaic modules. Continuous tests have shown that the system can store an additional 3.8MJ / ㎡ of heat per day, which is a 47% increase compared to traditional systems. This is because precise control reduces the loss of light energy due to polarization mismatch, and more solar energy is stored in the phase change material in the form of heat energy (the phase change temperature is adapted to the pool water temperature). The daily power generation of photovoltaic modules has increased by 18%. The optimized polarized light reduces carrier recombination and energy loss, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The module is based on a PMMA-based grating. By leveraging the dielectric properties and rapid response of the material, combined with the control of ambient light states, it breaks through the heat storage and power generation performance of the pool cover system and provides advanced light management solutions.

[0050] In the application, the intelligent response evaporation inhibition module constructs an efficient evaporation inhibition and condensate water recovery system through the cooperation of materials, structures and components. The PNIPAM hydrogel is prepared by free radical polymerization, using N-isopropyl acrylamide as a monomer, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent (content 2%), dissolved in deionized water, adding 0.5% ammonium persulfate initiator, under nitrogen protection, 60°C reaction for 8 hours, magnetic stirring 200r / min. The volume phase transition rate of the prepared hydrogel is 60% at 30°C, the amide group forms hydrogen bonds with water below 32°C to swell, the hydrogen bonds break and shrink when the temperature rises, which can dynamically adjust the state with the water temperature of the swimming pool, inhibit evaporation or ensure ventilation. The titanium dioxide nanotube array is prepared by anodic oxidation method, using pure titanium sheet (99.9%) as anode, platinum sheet as cathode, placed in 0.5wt% ammonium fluoride ethylene glycol electrolyte, 20V voltage reaction for 2 hours, water cooling temperature control 25°C. The prepared array has a tube diameter of 100-120nm and a length of 1-1.2μm, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange under ultraviolet light is 92%, the photo-generated electron-hole pairs generate superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, purify water vapor impurities, and regulate the evaporation environment. The spiral groove design of the biomimetic siphon pipe is derived from plant vascular bundles, which is optimized by CFD simulation (pitch 2mm, depth 0.5mm), 3D printing mold PVC injection molding, water flow resistance is reduced by 32%. Cooperate with 0.5W micro peristaltic pump, recover condensate water at a rate of 0.5mL / min, use natural condensation and siphon power, supplemented by very low power consumption, transport water back to the swimming pool, recover heat to assist temperature control. The module uses PNIPAM temperature-sensitive phase change, titanium dioxide photocatalysis, and biomimetic pipe recovery to synergize water saving and optimize the thermal environment in multiple dimensions, and builds a water resource management defense line for the system.

[0051] In the application, the following modules are also included:

[0052] Self-repairing antifouling module: A dopamine-silver nanoparticle composite coating (silver particle size 20nm, dopamine content 30%) is sprayed on the cover cloth surface. Silver particles are ultrasonically dispersed (40kHz, 30 minutes) in a dopamine solution and then applied using high-pressure airless spraying at a pressure of 0.3MPa and a spacing of 20cm. After the coating cures, in a humid environment (>60% RH), the dopamine catechol groups interact with water and ions. When scratches <50μm appear, the self-repair rate reaches >90% within 24 hours. Silver particles migrate and fill the scratches, and dopamine self-polymerizes and bonds, maintaining antifouling and antibacterial properties. The built-in ultrasonic generator operates at a frequency of 45kHz and a power of 25W, automatically running for 1.5 hours per day. Ultrasonic waves produce a cavitation effect in the aqueous medium, generating high temperatures (>5000K), high pressures (>100MPa), and jet impact, destroying the algae cell structure. The silver nanoparticles form a sustained-release structure, releasing silver ions at a rate of 0.1μg / cm2·h. The two synergistically inhibit biofilm formation. Testing has extended the drape cleaning cycle from the traditional 3-4 months to 8 months. Traditional drapes require manual cleaning 3-4 times per year, while this module reduces this to 1-1.5 times per year, reducing manual cleaning costs by 60%. A self-healing coating blocks dirt intrusion, while ultrasound and silver ions work together to prevent fouling, preventing drape wear caused by frequent cleaning and improving system efficiency and reliability. Through bionic self-healing and collaborative anti-fouling, cleaning cycles are extended, maintenance costs are reduced, and the long-term stable operation of the drape is guaranteed, promoting efficient and low-consumption system applications.

[0053] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Metamaterial photon heat collection module: The surface of the pool cover is integrated with a gradient refractive index nanocolumn array, using a titanium dioxide-silicon composite structure to optimize the band absorption rate through the multi-layer film interference effect; the base layer of the cover is embedded with a honeycomb phase change unit, filled with decanoic acid-stearic acid eutectic phase change material, and wrapped with a carbon nanotube network; a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet heat conduction layer is laid between the heat collection layer and the phase change layer, and the daily heat storage per unit area is calculated through the photon-phonon synergistic heat transfer mechanism, and the formula is Q d =A abs ·E sun ·η trans ·η store , A abs is the effective heat collection area, E sun is the average daily solar radiation, η trans is the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, η store is the light-to-heat conversion efficiency; Thermal diode heat storage module: A thermal diode coating is constructed using a gold cross-shaped nanoantenna array, which transmits heat flow unidirectionally in the terahertz frequency band. The inner wall of the thermal storage container imitates a honeycomb structure and is filled with a paraffin-expanded graphite composite phase change material. The heat dissipation unit adopts a beetle carapace-like structure with micron-scale convex hulls distributed on the surface, optimizing heat dissipation efficiency by absorbing moisture and releasing heat. Chaos edge temperature control module: Construct a chaotic temperature control model, the control equation is x is the water temperature deviation, y is the heat flow rate, z is the control parameter, and σ, ρ, and β are system constants. The water temperature is controlled by maintaining the system operating at the edge of chaos. The actuator uses micro-louvers and is combined with a temperature-controlled shape memory polymer heat sink for dynamic thermal management. Biomimetic perception module: deploys a spider-like bristle sensor array, with the bristle surface coated with cholesteric liquid crystal to display temperature distribution through color changes; the sensor integrates a moisture-sensitive unit that mimics moth antennae, and metal-organic framework nanoparticles are fixed on a polyimide substrate. The main control unit uses a brain-like computing chip and runs a neuromorphic algorithm to optimize the control strategy in real time.

2. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Polarization intelligent switching module: A liquid crystal polymer grating is constructed on the surface of the metamaterial photon heat-collecting film, which converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light through electric field control; When the water temperature exceeds the threshold, right-handed polarized light is generated, and when the water temperature is below the threshold, it switches to linearly polarized light. The grating structure is prepared using nanoimprint lithography technology.

3. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Intelligent response evaporation suppression module: A thermosensitive and photosensitive dual-responsive coating is prepared on the surface of the cover cloth, with the bottom layer being polyisopropylacrylamide thermosensitive hydrogel and the top layer being titanium dioxide photocatalytic nanotubes; when the water temperature or ultraviolet light intensity exceeds the threshold, the coating changes from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic; the module has a built-in siphon tube that imitates the structure of the pitcher plant's rim, and cooperates with the electrospun nanofiber moisture-absorbing layer to optimize the condensed water recovery efficiency.

4. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient refractive index nanocolumn array in the metamaterial photonic heat collection module is prepared by atomic layer deposition, with the titanium dioxide layer thickness of 50nm and the silicon layer thickness of 750nm; the carbon nanotube network is grown by chemical vapor deposition, with a tube diameter of 10-20nm and a tube bundle spacing of 50nm.

5. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gold cross-shaped nanoantenna in the thermal diode heat storage module is prepared by electron beam lithography, the thermal diode effect is verified by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and the bionic leaf vein heat conduction channel is processed by laser engraving technology.

6. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The state variables of the Lorentz system in the chaotic edge temperature control module are estimated in real time through extended Kalman filtering. The micro shutters adopt a bionic hinge structure, and the temperature-control shape memory polymer is made of polycaprolactone-based composite material.

7. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spider-like bristles in the biomimicry sensing module are prepared by polydimethylsiloxane micromolding, and the moth antennae-like humidity sensor MOF-801 nanoparticles are fixed by layer-by-layer self-assembly technology.

8. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid crystal polymer grating in the polarization light intelligent switching module is made of polymethyl methacrylate-based material, and the polarization switching time is controlled by driving voltage.

9. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: The PNIPAM hydrogel in the intelligent response evaporation inhibition module is prepared by free radical polymerization, the titanium dioxide nanotube array is prepared by anodization, the bionic siphon pipe optimizes the water flow resistance through a spiral groove design, and cooperates with a micro peristaltic pump to recover condensed water without energy consumption.

10. The solar heat storage and temperature control system for swimming pool cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Self-repairing anti-fouling module: The surface of the cover cloth is sprayed with a dopamine-silver nanoparticle composite coating, which self-repairs through the bionic mussel adhesion mechanism. It has a built-in ultrasonic generator that removes algae attachment through the cavitation effect, and combines with silver ion slow-release antibacterial properties to extend the cover cloth cleaning cycle.

Images