Seepage type hydrate reservoir-forming evolution simulation device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a leakage type hydrate reservoir-forming evolution simulation device and method, and belongs to the technical field of natural gas hydrates.The leakage type hydrate reservoir-forming evolution simulation device comprises a simulation container, a reaction cabin, a cooling assembly and a gas supply assembly, and the reaction cabin is arranged in the simulation container; the reaction cabin comprises a first shell, a second shell, a third shell, a first filling stone filled in the first shell, a second filling stone filled in the second shell and a third filling stone filled in the third shell; the reaction cabin is arranged in the simulation container; the cooling assembly comprises a cooling cover; the cooling cover covers the top of the reaction cabin and wraps the upper ends of the first shell and the second shell. According to the method, evolution simulation can be carried out on the leakage type hydrate under the special geological background of non-construction high parts but development local high heat flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas hydrates, and in particular relates to a device and method for simulating the accumulation and evolution of leaky hydrates. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of clean energy, natural gas hydrates combine the advantages of high efficiency, low carbon emissions, and huge resource reserves. In the field of marine natural gas hydrate geological research, hydrates can be divided into "diffusive hydrates" and "seepage hydrates" based on their formation mechanism and distribution characteristics. Diffusive hydrates are commonly found in sediment pores. The gas that forms hydrates mostly comes from hydrocarbon gases produced by microbial activity. The hydrate saturation is usually low (generally less than 10%), the burial depth is deep, and the distribution is relatively dispersed. Seepage hydrates are mainly distributed in sediment fractures, and their formation and evolution are closely related to deep tectonic fluid activity. Seepage hydrates usually have a high saturation (up to 80%-90%), are shallowly buried, and have a concentrated distribution, which makes them more commercially valuable for exploration. For a long time, local structural highs and the shallow seabed strata they control have been important targets for seepage hydrate exploration.

[0003] However, existing hydrate accumulation simulation devices and experimental methods mostly focus on simulating the hydrate formation and decomposition process in the context of structural highs such as gas chimneys and mud diapirs. They are unable to simulate the evolution of leaky hydrates in the special geological context of "non-structural high locations but with local high heat flow", making it difficult to provide comprehensive and reliable data support for revealing the dynamic evolution mechanism of hydrates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a leakage type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device, which can simulate the evolution of leakage type hydrate under the special geological background of "non-structural high position but local high heat flow".

[0005] The present invention also provides a method for simulating the accumulation and evolution of leaky hydrates.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems are:

[0007] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device, comprising:

[0008] Simulated container;

[0009] A reaction chamber is arranged in the simulation container, the reaction chamber comprising a first shell, a second shell, a third shell, a first filling stone filled in the first shell, a second filling stone filled in the second shell, and a third filling stone filled in the third shell; the reaction chamber is arranged in the simulation container; the first shell, the second shell, and the third shell are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the reaction chamber; the bottom wall of the first shell is in contact with the top wall of the second shell, and the bottom wall of the first shell is provided with a first air hole, and the top wall of the second shell is provided with a second air hole communicating with the first air hole; the bottom wall of the second shell is in contact with the top wall of the third shell, and the bottom wall of the second shell is provided with a third air hole, and the top wall of the third shell is provided with a fourth air hole communicating with the third air hole;

[0010] A cooling assembly, comprising a cooling cover; the cooling cover is provided on the top of the reaction chamber and covers the upper ends of the first shell and the second shell; a refrigerant accommodating cavity is provided in the side wall of the cooling cover;

[0011] The gas supply assembly includes a gas supplier, a simulated drainage tube and a heating element; the simulated drainage tube is inserted into the third shell and the simulated drainage tube is arranged vertically; the gas supplier transports alkane gas to the third shell through the simulated drainage tube; the heating element is arranged in the simulated drainage tube and is used to heat the alkane gas in the simulated drainage tube.

[0012] According to the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first sensors are provided inside the first shell and the second shell;

[0013] The first sensor includes at least one of a fluid pressure sensor, a shear strength sensor, a resistivity sensor, and a sound wave velocity sensor; and / or,

[0014] The evolution simulation device further includes a mounting post, which is vertically arranged on the reaction chamber and passes through the interiors of the first shell and the second shell; and the first sensor is arranged on the mounting post.

[0015] According to the leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the second shell is provided with a plurality of second sensors, and the second sensors include at least one of a temperature sensor, an alkane gas concentration sensor, and a pore water salinity sensor.

[0016] According to the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the simulated drainage tube includes a plurality of corrugated portions, and the plurality of corrugated portions are folded along the axial direction of the simulated drainage tube; the first end of the simulated drainage tube is fixed to the third shell; the gas supply assembly also includes a telescopic driving member, the driving portion of the telescopic driving member is connected to the second end of the simulated drainage tube, and is used to drive the second end of the simulated drainage tube close to or away from the first end of the simulated drainage tube, so that the plurality of corrugated portions are folded or unfolded, thereby causing the simulated drainage tube to extend or contract.

[0017] According to the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the simulated drainage tube includes a fixed part, a movable part and two connecting parts, one of the connecting parts connects the first side of the fixed part and the first side of the movable part, and the other connecting part connects the second side of the fixed part and the second side of the movable part; an air supply channel is formed between the fixed part, the movable part and the connecting part; the connecting part includes a plurality of folding segments folded along the direction from the fixed part to the movable part; the gas supply assembly also includes an expansion drive member, the driving part of the expansion drive member is connected to the movable part, and is used to drive the movable part close to or away from the fixed part to adjust the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage tube.

[0018] According to the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the heating element is an electric coil, and the electric coil extends spirally along the axial direction of the simulated drainage tube; the simulated drainage tube is a metal tube.

[0019] According to the leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the third shell includes a flat plate and a curved plate, the curved plate is connected to the flat plate to form a protrusion; the second shell is arranged on the curved plate.

[0020] According to the seepage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the first shell and the second shell both include a curved first curved wall and a second curved wall and a vertical wall arranged vertically, and the vertical wall is made of a transparent material; a plurality of the vertical walls are provided, and a plurality of the vertical walls are arranged around the first curved wall and the second curved wall to form the first shell or the second shell; the particle size of the first filling stone and the second filling stone are both smaller than the particle size of the third filling stone.

[0021] According to the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling component also includes a driving pump, a storage container, an input pipe, an output pipe and a low-temperature controller; the input pipe connects the inlet end of the accommodating cavity and the outlet end of the storage container, and the output pipe connects the outlet end of the accommodating cavity and the inlet end of the storage container; the driving pump and the low-temperature controller are arranged on the input pipe; the driving pump is used to drive the refrigerant in the storage container to be transported to the accommodating cavity, and to flow back from the accommodating cavity to the storage container, and the low-temperature controller is used to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant in the input pipe to adjust the temperature of the cooling cover.

[0022] The second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for simulating the formation and evolution of leaky hydrates, based on the device for simulating the formation and evolution of leaky hydrates provided in the first embodiment, comprising:

[0023] Placing the reaction chamber and the cooling cover in a simulation container, and injecting water into the simulation container to adjust the ambient pressure of the reaction chamber;

[0024] introducing a low-temperature refrigerant into the accommodating cavity of the cooling cover;

[0025] The alkane gas is introduced into the simulated drainage pipe through a gas supplier, and the alkane gas in the simulated drainage pipe is heated to a set temperature by the heating element. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the reaction chamber of the leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first shell of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 1 is a top view of the first shell of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second shell of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 61 is a top view of the second shell of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the third shell of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the evolutionary model of seepage-type hydrate accumulation driven by gas-bearing thermal fluid;

[0036] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the installation column of the leakage type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the connection of multiple corrugated parts of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the coordination relationship between the simulated drainage pipe and the telescopic driving member of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the coordination relationship between the simulated drainage pipe and the extended driving member of the leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated drainage pipe of a leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention in an expanded state;

[0041] The following are marked in the accompanying drawings:

[0042] 100, reaction chamber; 110, first shell; 111, first air hole; 113, first fixing hole; 120, second shell; 121, second air hole; 122, third air hole; 123, second fixing hole; 124, third fixing hole; 130, third shell; 131, flat plate; 132, curved plate; 133, fourth air hole; 140, first sensor; 150, mounting post; 160, second sensor; 171, first curved wall; 172, second curved wall; 173, vertical wall;

[0043] 210, simulated drainage tube; 211, corrugated portion; 2111, first section; 2112, second section; 212, fixed portion; 213, movable portion; 214, connecting portion; 2141, first folding section; 2142, second folding section; 215, sliding block; 220, heating element; 230, telescopic drive element; 240, expansion drive element; 250, guide column; 260, gas supplier;

[0044] 310, cooling hood; 320, driving pump; 330, storage container; 340, input pipe; 350, output pipe; 360, low temperature controller;

[0045] 410. Sedimentary cap rock; 420. Hydrate reservoir; 430. Free gas trap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, if words such as "several" are used, they mean one or more; "more" means two or more; "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself; and "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used solely to distinguish technical features and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or as implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or as implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0050] Deep gas-bearing fluids migrate and accumulate in shallower seafloor layers along various channels. As fluid pressure builds in shallow seafloor sediments, it eventually induces the formation of overpressure fractures. Gas fills these fractures and accumulates in areas with suitable temperature and pressure conditions, forming seepage hydrates. Seepage hydrates are characterized by high saturation, shallow burial depth, and concentrated distribution, offering significant exploration and development potential.

[0051] Conventional wisdom holds that gas generated in deep source rocks continuously migrates toward structural highs under the influence of fluid potential and buoyancy. As the gas accumulates, overpressure forms within the formation, forcing it to break through the seals of overlying strata and leak out, triggering the formation of microcracks. When the leaking gas migrates to areas with suitable temperature and pressure conditions, it forms seepage hydrates. Therefore, localized structural highs and the shallow seabed strata they control have long been important targets for seepage hydrate exploration.

[0052] As hydrate exploration continues to deepen, research continues to discover that seepage hydrates also develop in areas with localized high heat flow anomalies, even in areas not characterized by structural highs. Preliminary analysis suggests that this phenomenon may be related to deep fluid activity and the accompanying local thermal convection. Gas-bearing thermal fluid activity triggers adjustments in the hydrate stability domain and phase transformations, causing the previously stable hydrates to decompose and release large amounts of gas. The continuously accumulated gas causes the pore fluid pressure to gradually increase. When it exceeds the fracture limit of the overlying sedimentary strata, the gas will break through the stratum seal and leak upward. During the upward seepage process, the gas accumulates under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions within the seepage channel (i.e., within the hydrate stability domain controlled by temperature and pressure conditions), forming seepage hydrates.

[0053] Currently, research on leaky hydrates at traditional structural highs has yielded considerable results, and their formation mechanisms are relatively well understood. However, research on leaky hydrate accumulation in areas without structural highs but with localized high heat flow is relatively limited, and the hydrate accumulation process and driving mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. This not only restricts the advancement of hydrate accumulation theory but also risks overlooking potential resource-rich areas, impacting the scientific and precise nature of hydrate exploration.

[0054] The existing hydrate accumulation simulation devices and experimental methods still have certain limitations in terms of structural design and functional realization, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) The existing hydrate accumulation simulation devices and experimental methods mostly focus on the simulation of hydrate formation and decomposition processes in the context of structural highs such as gas chimneys and mud diapirs, but pay less attention to the formation mechanism of leaky hydrates in the special geological context of "non-structural high positions but with local high heat flow". In such contexts, the migration of thermal fluids driven by deep tectonic activities has a significant impact on hydrate accumulation, but there is currently a lack of simulation systems or simulation devices that are highly targeted and can effectively reproduce such complex deep structural-fluid conditions. (2) Current simulation devices mostly focus on shallow simulated formation environments, and fail to fully consider the influence of simulated geological factors such as the differences in deep structural-thermal fluid activities in real geological environments. As a result, the simulation results are difficult to objectively reflect the evolution of hydrate formation under the background of complex structural-fluid activities, which limits their promotion and application in actual exploration. (3) In terms of simulation function monitoring, the existing simulation devices lack the means to monitor the deep thermal fluid activity and the entire process of shallow hydrate formation-decomposition-leakage in real time. In particular, at the bottom boundary of the hydrate stability zone, the dynamic capture capability of key reservoir fluid information such as pore fluid salinity, alkane gas concentration, and phase transition is limited, making it difficult to provide comprehensive and reliable data support for revealing the dynamic evolution mechanism of hydrates.

[0055] Reference Figures 1 to 14 Several embodiments of a leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device and method of the present invention are given below.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, a leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a simulation container, a reaction chamber 100, a cooling assembly and a gas supply assembly, wherein the reaction chamber 100 is arranged in the simulation container, and the reaction chamber 100 includes a first shell 110, a second shell 120, a third shell 130, a first filling stone filled in the first shell 110, a second filling stone filled in the second shell 120 and a third filling stone filled in the third shell 130; the reaction chamber 100 is arranged in the simulation container; the first shell 110, the second shell 120 and the third shell 130 are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the reaction chamber 100; the bottom wall of the first shell 110 is in contact with the top wall of the second shell 120, and the bottom wall of the first shell 110 is provided with a first air hole 111, and the top wall of the second shell 120 is provided with a second air hole 121 connected to the first air hole 111; 0 is fitted with the top wall of the third shell 130, the bottom wall of the second shell 120 is provided with a third air hole 122, and the top wall of the third shell 130 is provided with a fourth air hole 133 connected to the third air hole 122; the cooling assembly includes a cooling cover 310; the cooling cover 310 is covered on the top of the reaction chamber 100 and wraps the upper ends of the first shell 110 and the second shell 120; a refrigerant accommodating chamber is provided in the side wall of the cooling cover 310; the gas supply assembly includes a gas supplier 260, a simulated diversion tube 210 and a heating element 220; the simulated diversion tube 210 is inserted into the third shell 130, and the simulated diversion tube 210 is vertically arranged; the gas supplier 260 transports alkane gas to the third shell 130 through the simulated diversion tube 210; the heating element 220 is arranged in the simulated diversion tube 210 and is used to heat the alkane gas in the simulated diversion tube 210.

[0057] Water is introduced into the simulation container; alkane gas is transported to the third shell 130 through the simulation drainage pipe 210, and the heating element 220 heats the alkane gas in the simulation drainage pipe 210, so that the interior of the third shell 130 gathers high-temperature alkane gas; the cooling cover 310 is covered on the top of the reaction chamber 100 to cool the first shell 110 and the second shell 120; the third filling stone is filled in the third shell 130, and the interior of the third shell 130 gathers high-temperature alkane gas to simulate the gas accumulation state at the top of the anticline structure; the cooling cover 310 is covered on the top of the reaction chamber 100, and is wrapped around the upper ends of the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 to cool the first shell 110 and the second shell 120, thereby making the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 at a low temperature. temperature environment; the second filling stone is filled in the second shell 120, and the high-temperature alkane gas collected in the third shell 130 enters the second shell 120 through the fourth pore 133 and the third pore 122 to form a diffuse hydrate, so as to simulate the hydrate formation, decomposition and dynamic evolution process; the first filling stone is filled in the first shell 110, and the first shell 110 simulates the overlying sedimentary cover layer 410, which can achieve the blocking of the lower hydrate to a certain extent and range; the first pore 111 and the second pore 121 are used to simulate the microcracks of the overlying sedimentary cover layer 410, and the diffuse hydrate enters the first shell 110 through the first pore 111 and the second pore 121, and re-reaches equilibrium under the new temperature and pressure conditions to form a seepage hydrate, thereby further forming the seepage hydrate in the microcracks of the sedimentary cover layer 410. Figure 9 It is a sedimentary cap layer 410, a hydrate reservoir 420 and a free gas trap in a real geological environment.

[0058] The reaction chamber 100 can fully simulate the migration and accumulation of free gas from deep to shallow layers. It can observe and record the simulated seepage and breakthrough of the sedimentary cap layer 410 caused by hydrate decomposition, fluid phase change, and pressure accumulation during the migration of the stability domain due to changes in temperature and pressure conditions. This allows for dynamic simulation of the entire process of gas-bearing fluid migration and accumulation, hydrate formation and decomposition, and fluid seepage and breakthrough.

[0059] The first pore 111 corresponds to the second pore 121, the third pore 122 corresponds to the fourth pore 133, and there are multiple first pores 111, second pores 121, third pores 122 and fourth pores 133; the first filling stone is filled in the first shell 110 to simulate the sedimentary cover layer 410; the second filling stone is filled in the second shell 120 to simulate the hydrate reservoir 420; the third filling stone is filled in the third shell 130 to simulate the free gas closure 430; the first shell 110, the second shell 120 and the third shell 130 adopt a modular structural function design, which can be independently disassembled and maintained, and can also be combined as a whole, so as to facilitate the construction of a complete reaction chamber 100.

[0060] Hydrates are mineral crystals formed by the combination of water molecules and gas molecules under low temperature and high pressure environments. They are mainly distributed in marine areas or terrestrial permafrost zones and are a new type of clean energy with good exploration and development potential. The hydrates mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention specifically refer to methane hydrates in the marine environment. Hydrates can only maintain a stable state under a specific "low temperature and high pressure" environment. Once the conditions are exceeded, they cannot form or the formed hydrates will decompose. The hydrate stability domain refers to the physical space area where hydrates can stably aggregate under specific temperature and pressure conditions. In the embodiment of the present invention, water is injected into the simulated container to form water pressure, and the upper ends of the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 are cooled by the cooling cover 310 to form a low temperature environment, and the formation process of hydrates is simulated through the structure of the first shell 110, the second shell 120 and the third shell 130.

[0061] In the process of structural destruction of deep formations due to tectonic activities or formation overpressure, a series of fluid drainage channels for fluid migration will be formed. The deep fluid in the formation will migrate to the shallow layer along the fluid drainage channels. When it reaches an area with suitable temperature and pressure conditions, hydrate accumulation will be formed. The simulation drainage pipe 210 of the embodiment of the present invention is vertically arranged to simulate the fluid drainage channel and provide a simulated gas source guarantee for the deep gas migration, accumulation and dynamic evolution process. The gas supplier 260 transports alkane gas, such as gas with methane as the main component, to the third shell 130 through the simulation drainage pipe 210; according to actual needs, ethane, propane, butane and other high-carbon heavy hydrocarbon gases can also be mixed in a certain proportion to more realistically simulate the deep thermogenic gas supply generated during the tectonic-fluid activity process.

[0062] The leakage hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device of the embodiment of the present invention provides an effective implementation path for exploring the formation and evolution process of leakage hydrate under the conditions of gas-containing thermal fluid activity, and is of great significance for revealing the leakage hydrate accumulation mechanism and enrichment law under complex geological background.

[0063] Regarding the hydrate accumulation simulation devices and experimental methods in related technologies, in terms of simulation function monitoring, the existing simulation devices lack systematic real-time monitoring means for deep thermal fluid activity and the entire process of shallow hydrate formation-decomposition-leakage. Especially at the bottom boundary of the hydrate stability zone, the dynamic capture ability of key reservoir fluid information such as pore fluid salinity, alkane gas concentration, and phase transition is limited, making it difficult to provide comprehensive and reliable data support for revealing the dynamic evolution mechanism of hydrates.

[0064] In some embodiments, as Figure 8 and Figure 10As shown, multiple first sensors 140 are disposed within the first shell 110 and the second shell 120. The first sensors 140 include at least one of a fluid pressure sensor, a shear strength sensor, a resistivity sensor, and an acoustic wave velocity sensor. The fluid pressure sensor, such as a piezoresistive pressure sensor, converts the pressure exerted by the fluid into a usable electrical signal. The shear strength sensor can be a shear force sensor, which uses the principle that a material deforms when subjected to shear force to measure the magnitude of the shear force applied to an object and thereby determine the shear strength. The resistivity sensor is a sensor for measuring the resistivity of a material, such as an electrode-type conductivity sensor. An electrode-type conductivity sensor applies an AC voltage to water via two or four electrodes, measures the current, calculates the conductivity, and then converts it into resistivity. The acoustic wave velocity sensor is a device for directly or indirectly measuring the propagation speed of sound waves in a medium. The first sensors 140 of this embodiment include a fluid pressure sensor, a shear strength sensor, a resistivity sensor, and an acoustic wave velocity sensor. Through these sensors, real-time, intelligent monitoring of the parameters of the hydrate dynamic formation and evolution simulation is achieved.

[0065] The acoustic and electrical signals obtained through geophysical methods can reflect the distribution characteristics of the hydrate reservoir 420. In geological exploration, the distribution characteristics of hydrates are often judged based on parameters such as resistivity, acoustic velocity, shear strength, and density. In a hydrate-free gas system, the higher the hydrate saturation, the stronger the related acoustic and electrical signals; although the gas layer has a high resistivity, the acoustic velocity, shear strength, and density signals are relatively weak. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first sensor 140 is used to realize real-time monitoring of parameters such as resistivity, acoustic velocity, and shear strength during the dynamic formation and evolution simulation of hydrates; through the data acquisition and application control system and the supporting simulation software program, the hydrate phase equilibrium equation can be accurately constructed, and the spatiotemporal evolution state of the hydrate stability domain can be inverted and simulated in real time, so as to explain the formation and decomposition behavior of hydrates from a thermodynamic perspective.

[0066] In some embodiments, as Figure 8 and Figure 10As shown, the evolution simulation device also includes a mounting column 150; the mounting column 150 is vertically arranged on the reaction chamber 100 and passes through the interior of the first shell 110 and the second shell 120; the first sensor 140 is arranged on the mounting column 150; the mounting column 150 can support the first sensor 140, so that the first sensor 140 is stably arranged at a specific position of the first shell 110 or the second shell 120, avoiding the displacement of the first sensor 140 due to impact such as airflow; the first sensor 140 can be arranged inside the mounting column 150, and the probe of the first sensor 140 extends out of the mounting column 150. The mounting column 150 can protect the first sensor 140 and reduce the impact of the internal environment of the reaction chamber 100 on the first sensor 140.

[0067] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the bottom wall of the first shell 110 is provided with a first fixing hole 113, and the top wall of the second shell 120 is provided with a second fixing hole 123, and the first fixing hole 113 and the second fixing hole 123 are provided correspondingly; the mounting column 150 is installed inside the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 through the first fixing hole 113 and the second fixing hole 123; the mounting column 150 is vertically arranged, and the first sensor 140 can be arranged at different height positions of the mounting column 150 according to actual detection needs to detect parameters at different height positions in the first shell 110 or the second shell 120; by arranging the first sensor 140 at different height positions, it is possible to monitor key simulated geological parameters such as temperature field, fluid field, geochemical field in a spatial range from deep to shallow, and to form a real-time dynamic monitoring response to the changes in simulated geological parameters caused by the formation and decomposition of hydrates during the simulated reaction process and the evolution process of the hydrate-free gas system;

[0068] A plurality of mounting columns 150 can be provided, and the plurality of mounting columns 150 are arranged on the reaction chamber 100, so that the plurality of first sensors 140 can be evenly distributed at various positions of the first shell 110 and the second shell 120, so as to improve the accuracy of detection, thereby realizing the rapid capture and information feedback of electrical signals, acoustic signals, and fluid pressure signals in the process of hydrate formation and decomposition; the shape of the first fixing hole 113 and the second fixing hole 123 matches the shape of the mounting column 150, so that the mounting column 150 is embedded in the first fixing hole 113 and the second fixing hole 123; for example, the mounting column 150 is a square column, and the first fixing hole 113 and the second fixing hole 123 are square holes.

[0069] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the second shell 120 is provided with a plurality of second sensors 160, and the second sensors 160 include at least one of a temperature sensor, an alkane gas concentration sensor, and a pore water salinity sensor; the temperature sensor refers to a sensor that can sense temperature and convert it into a usable output signal, and the temperature sensor can obtain temperature information inside the first shell 110 or the second shell 120; the alkane gas concentration sensor can be a semiconductor gas sensor, which is a gas detection device with a metal oxide semiconductor (such as SnO2, ZnO, etc.) as a sensitive element; the concentration of alkane gas (such as methane) inside the reaction chamber 100 can be obtained through the alkane gas concentration sensor The pore water salinity sensor is an instrument for measuring the salinity of pore water located in the first filling stone or the second filling stone in the first shell 110 and the second shell 120. The pore water salinity sensor realizes salinity detection through the relationship between optical fiber deformation and wavelength change, adopts chemical etching and sheet coating process to improve sensitivity, and eliminates temperature-salinity cross-sensitivity problem through cascaded gratings. It has the advantages of corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and remote monitoring; the second shell 120 is provided with a third fixing hole 124, and the third fixing hole 124 is used to fix the second sensor 160; the shape of the third fixing hole 124 and the second sensor 160 match, so that the second sensor 160 is embedded in the third fixing hole 124.

[0070] In this embodiment, the second sensor 160 includes a temperature sensor, an alkane gas concentration sensor, and a pore water salinity sensor. Through the temperature sensor, the alkane gas concentration sensor, and the pore water salinity sensor, accurate capture of dynamic parameter information such as the temperature field, fluid field, and geochemical field during the simulated reaction process is achieved, thereby deeply analyzing the dynamic evolution process of the simulated hydrate stability domain and the hydrate formation and decomposition behavior, providing key simulated geological data support for related research.

[0071] This embodiment of the present invention utilizes first and second sensors 140 and 160 to achieve real-time, intelligent monitoring of key simulated geological parameters that influence the evolution of the hydrate stability zone. By establishing a three-dimensional monitoring network that simulates fluid activity in both deep and shallow formations—focusing on monitoring transient fluid flux changes within the deep-source fluid drainage simulation system in the deep layer, and on monitoring hydrate formation and evolution within the simulated hydrate stability zone in the shallow layer—a comprehensive analysis of the formation and evolution patterns of the simulated hydrate system is achieved across the entire spatial range, from deep to shallow.

[0072] This embodiment of the present invention also includes a control system electrically connected to the first sensor 140 and the second sensor 160 to monitor and transmit in real time simulated geological parameter signals within the reaction chamber 100, including simulated methane concentration, formation temperature, pore water salinity, resistivity, shear strength, acoustic velocity, and pore fluid pressure. Phase equilibrium simulation software can also be used to conduct numerical simulations and construct hydrate phase equilibrium equations. Based on the simulated parameter monitoring results, the simulated porosity and saturation of the hydrate reservoir are calculated, and dynamic images are generated and displayed, enabling real-time response and recording of changes in reservoir physical parameters during hydrate evolution.

[0073] This application focuses on the formation and evolution of seepage hydrates in the context of localized high-heat fluid activity. Breaking with traditional research methods, this research focuses on the formation and evolution of seepage hydrates in areas with localized high heat flow, but not structurally high. The structural design, based on the concept of system modularity, employs an intensive and coordinated multi-layered simulation unit design. By constructing a multi-parameter intelligent monitoring system, the application achieves quantitative characterization of the dynamic evolution of the simulated stability domain and the spatial distribution of the hydrate-free gas system.

[0074] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the simulated drainage tube 210 includes a plurality of corrugated portions 211, which are folded along the axial direction of the simulated drainage tube 210; the first end of the simulated drainage tube 210 is fixed to the third shell 130; the gas supply assembly also includes a telescopic drive member 230, the drive portion of the telescopic drive member 230 is connected to the second end of the simulated drainage tube 210, and is used to drive the second end of the simulated drainage tube 210 close to or away from the first end of the simulated drainage tube 210, so that the plurality of corrugated portions 211 are folded or unfolded, thereby causing the simulated drainage tube 210 to extend or contract.

[0075] It can be understood that the multiple corrugated portions 211 are folded along the axial direction of the simulated drainage tube 210. When the multiple corrugated portions 211 are folded, the simulated drainage tube 210 shrinks and shortens, and when the multiple corrugated portions 211 are unfolded, the simulated drainage tube 210 extends. The first end of the simulated drainage tube 210 is fixed to the third shell 130. Under the drive of the telescopic drive member 230, the second end of the simulated drainage tube 210 approaches or moves away from the first end of the simulated drainage tube 210, so that the multiple corrugated portions 211 are folded or unfolded, thereby extending or shrinking the simulated drainage tube 210. Through the cooperation of the telescopic drive member 230 and the simulated drainage tube 210, the length of the simulated drainage tube 210 can be adjusted to meet the simulation requirements of the starting depth of thermal fluid activity under different geological conditions. The first end of the simulated drainage tube 210 is fixed to the third shell 130, and alkane gas is input into the simulated drainage tube 210 through the first end of the simulated drainage tube 210 to provide free gas into the reaction chamber 100, so as to form a free gas trap 430 in the third shell 130.

[0076] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the corrugated portion 211 includes a first section 2111 and a second section 2112 that are interconnected; along the axial direction of the simulated drainage duct 210, multiple first sections 2111 and multiple second sections 2112 are cross-folded and arranged, and when the telescopic driving member 230 drives the second end of the simulated drainage duct 210 away from the first end of the simulated drainage duct 210, the first section 2111 and the second section 2112 of the corrugated portion 211 are gradually unfolded along the vertical direction; when the telescopic driving member 230 drives the second end of the simulated drainage duct 210 close to the first end of the simulated drainage duct 210, the first section 2111 and the second section 2112 of the corrugated portion 211 are gradually brought together and compressed along the vertical direction; the corrugated portion 211 is expanded or contracted through the relative movement of the first section 2111 and the second section 2112, thereby causing the multiple corrugated portions 211 to be folded along the axial direction of the simulated drainage duct 210.

[0077] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 、 Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, the simulated drainage duct 210 includes a fixed portion 212, a movable portion 213 and two connecting portions 214, wherein one connecting portion 214 connects the first side of the fixed portion 212 and the first side of the movable portion 213, and the other connecting portion 214 connects the second fixed side and the second side of the movable portion 213; an air supply channel is formed between the fixed portion 212, the movable portion 213 and the connecting portion 214; the connecting portion 214 includes a plurality of folding segments folded along the direction from the fixed portion 212 to the movable portion 213; the gas supply assembly also includes an extension drive member 240, the driving portion of the extension drive member 240 is connected to the movable portion 213, and is used to drive the movable portion 213 close to or away from the fixed portion 212 to adjust the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210.

[0078] It can be understood that the multiple folding segments are folded along the direction from the fixed part 212 to the movable part 213; when the multiple folding segments are folded, the cross-sectional area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210 is compressed and becomes smaller, and the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210 is reduced; when the multiple folding segments are unfolded, the cross-sectional area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210 becomes larger, and the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210 is increased; the driving part of the expansion drive member 240 is connected to the movable part 213, and under the drive of the expansion drive member 240, the movable part 213 approaches or moves away from the fixed part 212, so that the multiple folding segments are folded or unfolded, thereby reducing or increasing the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210; through the cooperation of the expansion drive member 240 and the simulated drainage duct 210, the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage duct 210 can be adjusted to meet the simulation requirements of different fluid fluxes.

[0079] For example, the folding section may include a first folding section 2141 and a second folding section 2142, wherein one side of the first folding section 2141 is connected to the fixed portion 212 and the other side is connected to the second folding section 2142. The side of the second folding section 2142 away from the first folding section 2141 is connected to the movable portion 213. When the extension drive 240 drives the movable portion 213 toward the fixed portion 212, the movable portion 213 and the fixed portion 212 gradually approach each other, and the first folding section 2141 and the second folding section 2142 fold toward the inside of the simulated duct 210, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the simulated duct 210 gradually decreases. When the extension drive 240 drives the movable portion 213 away from the fixed portion 212, the movable portion 213 and the fixed portion 212 gradually move away from each other, and the first folding section 2141 and the second folding section 2142 unfold in the transverse direction, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the simulated duct 210 gradually increases. The fixed portion 212 and the movable portion 213 may be arc-shaped as a whole.

[0080] In some embodiments, the simulated drainage tube 210 is provided with an electronic valve that can control the flow rate, pressure, and velocity of the gas flowing through the simulated drainage tube 210 according to a control signal. In addition, the simulated drainage tube 210 is provided with multiple instantaneous flow sensors that can dynamically record changes in fluid flux during the simulated reaction process in real time. The telescopic drive member 230 and the expansion drive member 240 can be linear motors. A guide column 250 can be provided within the third shell 130. The simulated drainage tube 210 is provided with multiple sliding blocks 215 spaced apart along the vertical direction. The sliding blocks 215 are slidably mounted on the guide column 250. The cooperation between the sliding blocks 215 and the guide column 250 can guide the simulated drainage tube 210 to extend or contract axially.

[0081] The control system is electrically connected to the electronic valve and the instantaneous flow sensor, and effectively controls the gas flow rate and methane flux entering the free gas trap simulation structure by digitally and precisely regulating the gas flow in the simulated drainage pipe 210.

[0082] The leakage-type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device of the embodiment of the present invention supports flexible simulation of various complex geological scenarios. By setting up a simulated drainage pipe 210 and introducing a heating method of the heating element 220, it can be combined with the geological scenario to be simulated, and the simulated geological parameter information such as the simulated drainage channel length, radial size, fluid migration rate and gas source temperature can be dynamically adjusted according to different simulation experimental objectives, thereby realizing effective simulation of complex structural-thermal fluid activity background and different fluid flux conditions, and expanding the simulation application scenarios of the device.

[0083] Compared with the existing technologies, the present invention has certain advantages in terms of adaptability to simulated geological backgrounds, system structure integration, and dynamic monitoring capabilities. Existing hydrate accumulation simulation devices mostly focus on local small-scale simulations in the context of structural highs, often simplifying the geological structure into a uniform and stable model, making it difficult to simulate the formation and evolution of leaky hydrates in the special geological context of "non-structural highs, but local high heat flow areas." At the same time, most devices lack the ability to monitor the entire process of hydrate formation-decomposition-leakage in real time, especially at the bottom boundary of the hydrate stability domain. The ability to dynamically capture key simulated geological parameters such as pore fluid salinity, alkane gas concentration, and phase transition is limited, which restricts the in-depth understanding of the occurrence laws of hydrates in the context of complex structural-fluid activity.

[0084] In some embodiments, as Figure 8As shown, heating element 220 is an electric coil that spirally extends along the axial direction of simulated drainage tube 210, extending the coil's extension path within simulated drainage tube 210 and thereby enhancing the heating effect of heating element 220. Simulated drainage tube 210 is a metal tube. Passing alternating current through the electric coil generates an electromagnetic effect, heating simulated drainage tube 210, which then transfers heat to the gas flowing through it. The operating parameters of the electric coil can be adjusted to control the temperature of the gas in simulated drainage tube 210, effectively simulating geothermal gradients under different geological conditions.

[0085] Generally, the gas supplier 260 can be a gas tank; a temperature sensor can be set in the simulated drainage pipe 210, and the temperature sensor and the heating element 220 are electrically connected. The temperature obtained by the temperature sensor is used to control the working parameters of the heating element 220, and then the temperature of the gas in the simulated drainage pipe 210 is accurately adjusted to achieve effective control of the temperature of the fluid source under different geological conditions and at different depths, and provide a simulated fluid environment that is highly consistent with reality.

[0086] The telescopic drive member 230, the expansion drive member 240 and the heating member 220 are all electrically connected to the control system to facilitate the control of the working parameters of the simulated drainage pipe 210 to achieve effective simulation of the activity intensity of gas-containing thermal fluids and geothermal gradients under different geological conditions.

[0087] The control system controls the operating parameters of the simulated drainage pipe 210, dynamically adjusting the temperature and pressure control conditions of the stability zone to simulate changes in the geological environment. Based on the differences in geological conditions, this system precisely controls the spatial distribution of different hydrate stability zones under the background of simulated high-temperature gas-bearing thermal fluid activity. The control system also controls the operating parameters of the heater 220 to dynamically adjust the temperature of the deep-source fluid drainage simulation pipe, effectively controlling the simulated local high heat flux background caused by deep gas-bearing thermal fluid activity.

[0088] By simulating containers, reaction chambers 100, cooling components, and gas supply components, the present application can effectively simulate and control the dynamic evolution of shallow hydrate stability zones caused by deep gas-bearing thermal fluid activity for complex geological structural scenarios such as deep faults, deep gas chimneys, mud volcanoes, and mud diapirs.

[0089] In some embodiments, the third shell 130 comprises a flat plate 131 and a curved plate 132. The curved plate 132 is connected to the flat plate 131 to form a protrusion, giving the third shell 130 an overall dome-like shape with a "flat bottom and convex top" structural characteristic, thereby specifically simulating the gas accumulation state at the top of the anticline structural trap. The second shell 120 is mounted on the curved plate 132 to support and secure the second shell 120. Both the flat plate 131 and the curved plate 132 are made of tempered glass, which not only ensures the strength of the structural unit but also facilitates real-time observation of the dynamic changes in the fluid within the structural unit.

[0090] Specifically, the third shell 130 has a pressure bearing range of 12-25 MPa, corresponding to a simulated water depth range of 1200-2500 meters. This approximates the hydrostatic pressure environment of hydrate reservoirs and provides experimental simulation conditions close to those of real geological scenarios. The curvature of the curved plate 132 can be set based on the curvature of the basement paleohigh, but this is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present invention. The flat plate 131 and the curved plate 132 are connected to form a cavity, which is filled with a third filler stone. The third filler stone is typically quartz sand or ceramic gravel, which closely simulates the actual marine sedimentary environment and sediment lithology.

[0091] In some embodiments, as Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 both include a curved first curved wall 171 and a second curved wall 172 and a vertical wall 173 arranged vertically, and the vertical wall 173 is made of a transparent material; there are multiple vertical walls 173, and the multiple vertical walls 173 are arranged around the first curved wall 171 and the second curved wall 172 to form the first shell 110 or the second shell 120; the particle size of the first filling stone and the second filling stone are both smaller than the particle size of the third filling stone.

[0092] It can be understood that the first curved wall 171 and the second curved wall 172 are curved, which can simulate the surface uplift of the hydrate reservoir 420 and the sedimentary cover 410; the vertical wall 173 is vertical and made of transparent material, which is convenient for observing the internal conditions of the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 from the side of the reaction chamber 100; the particle size of the first filling stone and the second filling stone are both smaller than the particle size of the third filling stone, so as to simulate the conditions of the hydrate reservoir 420 and the sedimentary lithological characteristics in a real marine sedimentary environment.

[0093] Specifically, the first curved wall 171, second curved wall 172, and vertical wall 173 of the first and second shells 110, 120 are all made of tempered glass, ensuring structural strength while facilitating real-time observation of internal dynamic changes during the simulated reaction. The second curved wall 172 of the second shell 120 is curved to facilitate contact with the curved plate 132, thereby closely simulating the overlying sedimentary structure at the top of the structural trap in a real marine geological environment. The first and second filler rocks are both quartz sand or ceramic gravel. The pressure bearing range of the first shell 110 is between 12 and 25 MPa, corresponding to a simulated water depth range of 1,200 to 2,500 meters. This can approximately restore the hydrostatic pressure environment of the hydrate reservoir, providing experimental simulation conditions close to those of a real geological scenario.

[0094] The first curved wall 171 of the first shell 110 is located on the second curved wall 172 of the first shell 110, and the first curved wall 171 of the second shell 120 is located on the second curved wall 172 of the second shell 120, and the second curved wall 172 of the first shell 110 and the first curved wall 171 of the second shell 120 are in contact with each other; wherein, the top of the first shell 110 is used to simulate the structural high area of ​​the deposited cover layer 410; the first air hole 111 is provided on the second curved wall 172 of the first shell 110, and the second air hole 121 is provided on the first curved wall 172 of the second shell 120. The curved wall 171 and the third air hole 122 are arranged on the second curved wall 172 of the second shell 120, and the fourth air hole 133 is arranged on the curved plate 132 of the third shell 130; the first curved wall 171 and the second curved wall 172 are both bent along the left and right directions of the reaction chamber 100, and multiple mounting columns 150 are arranged in the first shell 110 and the second shell 120 along the left and right directions of the reaction chamber 100; the first curved wall 171 or the second curved wall 172 of the second shell 120 is provided with a third fixing hole 124 to fix the second sensor 160.

[0095] In some embodiments, as Figure 8 As shown, the cooling assembly also includes a driving pump 320, a storage container 330, an input pipe 340, an output pipe 350 and a low-temperature controller 360; the input pipe 340 connects the inlet end of the accommodating chamber and the outlet end of the storage container 330, and the output pipe 350 connects the outlet end of the accommodating chamber and the inlet end of the storage container 330; the driving pump 320 and the low-temperature controller 360 are arranged on the input pipe 340; the driving pump 320 is used to drive the refrigerant in the storage container 330 to be transported to the accommodating chamber, and to flow back from the accommodating chamber to the storage container 330, and the low-temperature controller 360 is used to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant in the input pipe 340 to adjust the temperature of the cooling cover 310.

[0096] It can be understood that the storage container 330 is used for storing low-temperature refrigerant, under the driving of the driving pump 320, the low-temperature refrigerant in the storage container 330 enters the inside of the containing cavity through the input pipe 340 and the inlet end of the containing cavity, absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of the cooling cover 310, and the cooling cover 310 absorbs the heat of the top of the reaction cabin 100 to simulate the environmental temperature where the hydrate reservoir simulation structure and the deposition cap rock simulation structure are located. Under the driving of the driving pump 320, the refrigerant passing through the cooling cover 310 returns to the inside of the storage container 330 through the outlet end of the containing cavity, the output pipe 350 and the inlet end of the storage container 330; the low-temperature controller 360 can include a temperature sensor and a flow meter; the temperature sensor is arranged in the input pipe 340 and is used for acquiring the temperature of the input pipe 340; the flow meter is arranged on the input pipe 340 and adjusts the flow speed of the refrigerant in the input pipe 340 according to the temperature acquired by the temperature sensor, so as to adjust the temperature of the cooling cover 310; and the embodiment of the present application further includes a refrigeration system, which is a refrigeration device in the prior art and includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and the like. The evaporator is used for absorbing the heat of the storage container 330.

[0097] Specifically, the reaction cabin 100 is located in a simulation container, water is injected into the inside of the simulation container, the temperature of the reaction cabin 100 is controlled by using the cooling assembly, the formation temperature field of the hydrate enrichment area under the real geological condition is simulated, the formation pressure field environment of the hydrate enrichment area under the real geological condition is simulated by using the water pressure in the simulation container, and the temperature and pressure conditions close to the real geological environment are provided for studying the hydrate accumulation evolution.

[0098] The inlet end of the simulation container is provided with a control valve, the inside of the simulation container is provided with a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor acquires the pressure in the simulation container, the control valve can be adjusted according to the pressure parameter acquired by the pressure sensor, and then the fine regulation and control of the simulation system pressure are realized.

[0099] In specific embodiments, the driving pump 320, the pressure sensor and the control valve are electrically connected, so that the simulation geological environment parameters such as temperature and pressure are conveniently set, and the precise regulation and control of the stable domain spatial distribution and the dynamic evolution process are realized.

[0100] The second aspect embodiment of the present application provides a leakage type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation method, which is based on the leakage type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device provided in the first aspect embodiment.

[0101] The reaction cabin 100 and the cooling cover 310 are placed in the simulation container, and water is injected into the simulation container to adjust the environmental pressure where the reaction cabin 100 is located.

[0102] Low-temperature refrigerant is introduced into the containing cavity of the cooling cover 310.

[0103] The alkane gas is introduced into the simulated drainage pipe 210 through the gas supplier 260 , and the alkane gas in the simulated drainage pipe 210 is heated to a set temperature by the heater 220 .

[0104] By injecting water into the simulation container, the water in the simulation container immerses the reaction chamber 100, thereby achieving precise control of the simulated environmental pressure and approximately simulating the formation and fluid pressure conditions in the real ocean environment; by injecting water into the simulation container, the evolution process of hydrostatic pressure caused by changes in structure and sedimentary environment can be effectively simulated, and the impact of sea level rise and fall on the hydrostatic pressure of sedimentary strata under the background of periodic climate change can also be simulated, thereby completing a preliminary simulation of the hydrostatic pressure of the real ocean sedimentary environment.

[0105] A low-temperature refrigerant is introduced into the accommodating cavity of the cooling cover 310, and the low-temperature refrigerant is used to absorb heat to reduce the temperature of the top of the reaction chamber 100, thereby simulating the ambient temperature of the hydrate reservoir simulation structure and the sedimentary cover simulation structure.

[0106] Alkane gas is introduced into the simulated drainage pipe 210 through the gas supplier 260, and the alkane gas in the simulated drainage pipe 210 is heated to a set temperature by the heating element 220 to control the temperature of the gas in the simulated drainage pipe 210, thereby achieving effective simulation of geothermal gradient changes under different geological conditions.

[0107] This method for simulating the formation and evolution of leaky hydrates focuses for the first time on the special geological background of "non-structural highs but local high heat flow areas". It conducts a systematic simulation study on leaky hydrates formed by deep gas-bearing thermal fluids under this condition, breaking through the traditional understanding that "leaky hydrates are mainly distributed in structural highs" and providing innovative ideas and simulation platform support for deepening the theory of hydrate formation in the context of complex structural-thermal fluid activities.

[0108] The present invention is based on the actual needs of marine natural gas hydrate exploration under the background of complex structural-thermal fluid activity, and innovatively proposes a simulation experimental device and method for the leakage-type hydrate accumulation process under the background of "non-structural high position, but local high heat flow". By using the modular reaction chamber 100, the functional simulation of the whole process from deep gas source supply, fluid migration, hydrate formation and decomposition to leakage breakthrough is realized. At the same time, the first sensor 140 and the second sensor 160 are deployed at the bottom boundary of the simulated hydrate stability domain, and a dynamic monitoring system of simulated geological parameters covering the entire spatial range from deep to shallow is constructed to realize the intelligent real-time collection and recording of key physical parameters and fluid information during the hydrate evolution process. In addition, the simulation device supports flexible control of different structural-thermal fluid activity simulation conditions by adjusting the length of the fluid diversion channel, the intensity of electromagnetic heating, etc., which significantly improves the geological scenario applicability and scalability of the simulation system.

[0109] Compared with the existing technology, the embodiments of the present invention break through the limitation that traditional simulation devices are only limited to the background of high structural parts. They can more realistically reproduce the hydrate accumulation evolution process under complex geological conditions and improve the capture accuracy and real-time monitoring capabilities of key simulated geological parameters.

[0110] The above specifically describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A leakage type hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device, characterized in that: include: Simulated container; A reaction chamber is arranged in the simulation container, the reaction chamber comprising a first shell, a second shell, a third shell, a first filling stone filled in the first shell, a second filling stone filled in the second shell, and a third filling stone filled in the third shell; the reaction chamber is arranged in the simulation container; the first shell, the second shell, and the third shell are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the reaction chamber; the bottom wall of the first shell is in contact with the top wall of the second shell, and the bottom wall of the first shell is provided with a first air hole, and the top wall of the second shell is provided with a second air hole communicating with the first air hole; the bottom wall of the second shell is in contact with the top wall of the third shell, and the bottom wall of the second shell is provided with a third air hole, and the top wall of the third shell is provided with a fourth air hole communicating with the third air hole; A cooling assembly, comprising a cooling cover; the cooling cover is provided on the top of the reaction chamber and covers the upper ends of the first shell and the second shell; a refrigerant accommodating cavity is provided in the side wall of the cooling cover; The gas supply assembly includes a gas supplier, a simulated drainage tube and a heating element; the simulated drainage tube is inserted into the third shell and the simulated drainage tube is arranged vertically; the gas supplier transports alkane gas to the third shell through the simulated drainage tube; the heating element is arranged in the simulated drainage tube and is used to heat the alkane gas in the simulated drainage tube.

2. The leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first sensors are disposed inside the first shell and the second shell; The first sensor includes at least one of a fluid pressure sensor, a shear strength sensor, a resistivity sensor, and a sound wave velocity sensor; and / or, The evolution simulation device further includes a mounting post, which is vertically arranged on the reaction chamber and passes through the interiors of the first shell and the second shell; and the first sensor is arranged on the mounting post.

3. The leaky hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second housing is provided with a plurality of second sensors, and the second sensors include at least one of a temperature sensor, an alkane gas concentration sensor, and a pore water salinity sensor.

4. The leaky hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated drainage tube includes a plurality of corrugated portions, which are folded along the axial direction of the simulated drainage tube; the first end of the simulated drainage tube is fixed to the third shell; the gas supply assembly also includes a telescopic drive member, the drive portion of the telescopic drive member is connected to the second end of the simulated drainage tube, and is used to drive the second end of the simulated drainage tube to move closer to or away from the first end of the simulated drainage tube, so that the plurality of corrugated portions are folded or unfolded, thereby causing the simulated drainage tube to extend or contract.

5. The leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The simulated drainage duct includes a fixed part, a movable part and two connecting parts, wherein one of the connecting parts connects the first side of the fixed part and the first side of the movable part, and the other connecting part connects the second side of the fixed part and the second side of the movable part; an air supply channel is formed between the fixed part, the movable part and the connecting part; the connecting part includes a plurality of folding segments folded along the direction from the fixed part to the movable part; the gas supply assembly also includes an expansion drive member, the driving part of the expansion drive member is connected to the movable part, and is used to drive the movable part to move closer to or away from the fixed part to adjust the ventilation area of ​​the simulated drainage duct.

6. The leaky hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The heating element is an electric coil, and the electric coil spirally extends along the axial direction of the simulated drainage tube; the simulated drainage tube is a metal tube.

7. The leaky hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third shell includes a flat plate and a curved plate, wherein the curved plate is connected to the flat plate to form a protrusion; and the second shell is arranged on the curved plate.

8. The leaky hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first shell and the second shell both include a first curved wall and a second curved wall and a vertical wall arranged vertically, and the vertical wall is made of a transparent material; a plurality of the vertical walls are provided, and the plurality of the vertical walls are arranged around the first curved wall and the second curved wall to form the first shell or the second shell; the particle size of the first filling stone and the second filling stone is smaller than the particle size of the third filling stone.

9. The leaky hydrate accumulation and evolution simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The cooling assembly also includes a driving pump, a storage container, an input pipe, an output pipe and a low-temperature controller; the input pipe connects the inlet end of the accommodating cavity and the outlet end of the storage container, and the output pipe connects the outlet end of the accommodating cavity and the inlet end of the storage container; the driving pump and the low-temperature controller are arranged on the input pipe; the driving pump is used to drive the refrigerant in the storage container to be transported to the accommodating cavity, and to flow back from the accommodating cavity to the storage container, and the low-temperature controller is used to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant in the input pipe to adjust the temperature of the cooling cover.

10. A method for simulating the formation and evolution of leaky hydrate reservoirs, characterized in that: The leaky hydrate accumulation evolution simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: placing the reaction chamber and the cooling cover in the simulation container, and injecting water into the simulation container to adjust the ambient pressure of the reaction chamber; introducing a low-temperature refrigerant into the accommodating cavity of the cooling cover; The alkane gas is introduced into the simulated drainage pipe through a gas supplier, and the alkane gas in the simulated drainage pipe is heated to a set temperature by the heating element.

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