An air filter with intelligent detection and its condition detection method

Abstract

This invention provides an air filter with intelligent detection capabilities and its status detection method, relating to the field of vehicle detection device technology. It solves the problems of high false alarm rates, limited fault mode identification, and lack of emergency response capabilities in existing solutions under complex operating conditions. The filter body has an inlet housing and an outlet housing connected to form a hollow cavity, within which a filter element is installed. An inlet port is provided on the inlet housing, and an outlet port is provided on the outlet housing. The air filter also includes a controller, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. The controller is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor, respectively, and is also connected to the vehicle's infotainment system. The temperature and humidity sensor collects the air temperature and humidity at the outlet port, and the pressure sensor collects the air pressure at both the inlet and outlet ports. This invention can effectively monitor the current status and possible fault modes of the air filter, providing timely and effective troubleshooting suggestions to help vehicle owners resolve malfunctions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle inspection device technology, specifically to an air filter with intelligent detection capabilities and its status detection method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component ensuring the cleanliness of engine intake air, the performance of the automotive engine air filter directly affects the engine's efficiency and lifespan. Currently, the mainstream maintenance method still relies on periodic replacement based on time or mileage. This approach fails to fully consider the complexity of actual vehicle operating conditions. Differences in driving habits among drivers, the variability of driving environments (such as sandstorms, high humidity, and traffic congestion), and sudden abnormal conditions (such as driving through water causing water ingress or severe vibration leading to filter damage) all significantly alter the actual lifespan of the air filter. Existing maintenance methods are prone to two extreme consequences: premature replacement before the filter fails, resulting in material waste and increased maintenance costs; or failure to replace the filter in time after it has failed, allowing dust-laden gas to directly enter the engine combustion chamber, causing serious malfunctions such as cylinder wear and increased carbon deposits.

[0003] While existing air filters with detection capabilities exist, their detection methods have significant limitations. Most solutions rely solely on monitoring pressure changes at the filter outlet to determine the degree of filter blockage, triggering a replacement reminder when the pressure difference exceeds a preset threshold. This single-parameter detection mode has three significant drawbacks: it cannot identify structural failures of the filter element caused by mechanical damage, such as filter paper breakage or sealing ring detachment; it lacks sufficient sensitivity to atypical failure modes such as filter element moisture accumulation or oil contamination; and it lacks emergency response capabilities for sudden extreme conditions, failing to provide real-time protection strategies when the vehicle encounters emergencies such as heavy rain, flooding, or sandstorms. Furthermore, existing systems mostly remain at the fault warning level, failing to establish a complete closed-loop processing mechanism. They lack deep interaction capabilities with the vehicle's control system and have not designed relevant protection schemes for emergency situations.

[0004] The aforementioned technical bottlenecks make it difficult to perform precise maintenance on existing air filters in practical applications. On the one hand, the static setting of pressure detection thresholds cannot adapt to dynamically changing operating conditions; on the other hand, the blind spots in perceiving multi-dimensional failure mechanisms significantly reduce the reliability of related systems. This current technical situation not only restricts the full utilization of engine performance but also increases the overall lifecycle cost of vehicles, urgently requiring the development of a new technical solution that combines intelligent monitoring and adaptive control to improve the situation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of high false alarm rates, limited fault mode identification, and lack of emergency response capabilities in existing automotive engine air filter testing solutions under complex operating conditions. Therefore, this invention proposes an intelligent air filter and its status monitoring method. Based on a combination of temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors, this invention performs collaborative detection and intelligent data analysis of abnormal filter element damage and combustion material intake. It grasps the current status of the air filter and possible fault modes, providing timely and effective handling suggestions to help vehicle owners troubleshoot problems. Traditional differential pressure monitoring solutions have a high false alarm rate at low speeds or with rapid throttle changes; this invention further addresses this issue through a speed-pressure differential linkage mechanism.

[0006] The present invention employs the following technical solutions to achieve its objective:

[0007] An air filter with intelligent detection includes a filter body, which comprises an inlet housing and an outlet housing. The inlet housing and the outlet housing are connected to form a hollow cavity, and a filter element is installed in the hollow cavity. An inlet port is provided on the inlet housing, and an outlet port is provided on the outlet housing. External air enters the hollow cavity through the inlet port, passes through the filter element, and is output to the engine through the outlet port, forming an air filtration path. The filter also includes a controller, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. The controller is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor, respectively, and is also connected to a vehicle infotainment system. The temperature and humidity sensor is used to collect the air temperature and humidity in the outlet port, and the pressure sensor is used to collect the air pressure in the inlet and outlet ports.

[0008] Specifically, the air outlet is connected to the external pipeline of the engine, and the temperature and humidity sensor is located at the air outlet; the air intake is directly exposed as an inlet for external air, or connected to a pre-treatment pipeline for external air.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor; the first pressure sensor is disposed at the air inlet, and the second pressure sensor is disposed at the air outlet; both the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are connected to the controller, the first pressure sensor is used to collect the air pressure in the air inlet, and the second pressure sensor is used to collect the air pressure in the air outlet.

[0010] Preferably, the controller is used to acquire the air temperature and humidity collected by the temperature and humidity sensor, the air pressure collected by the pressure sensor, and the engine speed transmitted through the vehicle system, thereby determining whether the air filter is in an abnormal state, and based on the determination result, to conduct human-machine interaction with the driver through the vehicle system, and at the same time change the engine operating strategy.

[0011] This invention also provides a state detection method for an air filter with intelligent detection capabilities. The hardware basis of this method is the aforementioned air filter, and the method includes:

[0012] The system acquires the air filter's inlet pressure, outlet pressure, outlet temperature, and outlet humidity, while also acquiring the engine speed during vehicle operation.

[0013] Based on the obtained inlet and outlet pressures, calculate the corresponding pressure difference value;

[0014] Based on the engine speed range and the calculated pressure difference, determine the lifespan of the air filter element, whether the filter element is clogged, and whether the housing or pipes are damaged.

[0015] Determine whether abnormally combustible substances have entered the air filter based on the rate of change of the outlet air temperature;

[0016] Based on the rate of change of humidity at the exhaust end, first determine whether the vehicle is in a water-wading condition, and then determine whether there is a risk of water entering the engine.

[0017] Based on the judgment results, the system interacts with the driver through the vehicle's infotainment system and changes the engine operating strategy accordingly.

[0018] Furthermore, after installing a new air filter or replacing the filter element, the vehicle's infotainment system completes maintenance settings and records the pressure difference between the intake and exhaust pressures as a minimum reference value. Based on the minimum reference value, a first and a second increase value are determined, corresponding to a first and a second set value, with the first set value being less than the second set value. The engine speed range is then combined with the first and second set values ​​to determine the air filter element's lifespan, and the engine operating strategy is adjusted accordingly, prompting the driver to take appropriate measures.

[0019] Preferably, when the differential pressure gradually increases and exceeds the first set value as the vehicle is used, if the engine speed exceeds the preset speed threshold at this time, the engine speed will be reduced through the vehicle system, and the driver will be reminded that the engine is currently in an engine operation strategy where the filter life is about to expire.

[0020] When the engine speed has dropped below the preset speed threshold, and the differential pressure value still exceeds the first set value but does not exceed the second set value, the vehicle system will maintain the engine speed below the preset speed threshold and remind the driver that the current filter life has expired and the filter needs to be replaced immediately.

[0021] When the engine speed is below the preset speed threshold, if the pressure difference exceeds the second set value, it means that the filter element is completely blocked. For fuel vehicles, the vehicle system will stop the engine. For hybrid vehicles, the vehicle system will stop the engine and force a switch to pure electric drive. At the same time, the vehicle system will prompt the driver to stop immediately for troubleshooting.

[0022] Preferably, the corresponding differential pressure value is calculated in real time during vehicle operation;

[0023] When the differential pressure drops below the preset damage threshold within the preset instantaneous change cycle, the engine speed will be reduced through the vehicle system. At the same time, the driver will be alerted that the air filter element and / or the intake housing and / or the exhaust housing and their connected pipes may be damaged. The engine should be turned off immediately and the vehicle should be stopped for troubleshooting.

[0024] When the differential pressure rises above the preset second set value within the preset instantaneous change cycle, the vehicle system will reduce the engine speed and simultaneously remind the driver that the air filter element is clogged and should be cleaned.

[0025] Specifically, during vehicle operation, the outlet temperature of the air filter is acquired in real time; when the rate of increase of the outlet temperature exceeds a preset first rate threshold, it is determined that abnormal combustible substances have entered the air filter, and the vehicle system will prompt the driver to stop immediately for troubleshooting.

[0026] Preferably, during vehicle operation, the humidity at the air outlet of the air filter is acquired in real time; when the rate of increase of the humidity at the air outlet exceeds a preset second rate threshold, the vehicle's wading sensor data or positioning data is acquired to determine whether the vehicle is in a wading condition; when the vehicle is in a wading condition, the engine is assessed for water ingress risk based on the humidity value at the air outlet; if water ingress risk exists, for fuel vehicles, the vehicle system reduces the engine speed and prompts the driver to stop wading; for hybrid vehicles, the vehicle system triggers a wading mode, forcibly switching to pure electric drive operation.

[0027] In summary, due to the adoption of this technical solution, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] This invention can accurately identify complex abnormal operating conditions such as air filter lifespan expiration, filter element damage, water ingress failure, and combustion material intrusion, and achieve intelligent judgment of the detection results. When applied to relevant systems, it can push tiered early warning information in real time through the in-vehicle human-machine interface and match differentiated emergency response strategies, effectively guiding drivers to take targeted measures such as filter element switching / replacement and engine power reduction. This invention thus significantly improves filtration reliability under extreme operating conditions. In scenarios involving long-distance driving or limited maintenance resources, it can reduce the risk of unplanned engine downtime due to filter failure, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the vehicle's power system, and has significant safety benefits and economic value. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following figures, which specifically include two figures as follows:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air filter of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall process of the state detection method in this invention.

[0032] The meanings of the markings in the attached diagram are as follows:

[0033] 1-Inlet housing, 2-Outlet housing, 3-Filter element, 4-Inlet port, 5-Outlet port, 6-Controller, 7-Temperature and humidity sensor, 8-First pressure sensor, 9-Second pressure sensor, 10-Vehicle interface. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, an air filter with intelligent detection includes a filter body, which comprises an inlet housing 1 and an outlet housing 2. The inlet housing 1 and the outlet housing 2 are connected to form a hollow cavity, within which a filter element 3 is installed. The inlet housing 1 is provided with an inlet port 4, and the outlet housing 2 is provided with an outlet port 5. External air enters the hollow cavity through the inlet port 4, passes through the filter element 3, and is output to the engine through the outlet port 5, forming an air filtration path. The filter also includes a controller 6, a temperature and humidity sensor 7, and a pressure sensor. The controller 6 is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor 7 and the pressure sensor, respectively. The controller 6 is also connected to the vehicle infotainment system via a vehicle infotainment interface 10. The temperature and humidity sensor 7 is used to collect the air temperature and humidity in the outlet port 5, and the pressure sensor is used to collect the air pressure in the inlet port 4 and the outlet port 5.

[0038] In this embodiment, the air intake port 4 and the air outlet port 5 can be circular, square, or other shapes. Figure 1 The diagram shows a circular shape. The exhaust port 5 connects to the external engine piping, and the temperature and humidity sensor 7 is located at the exhaust port 5. The intake port 4 can be directly exposed as an inlet for outside air, or connected to a pre-treatment system for outside air. The pre-treatment system is an optional component for the vehicle and can be used for preliminary purification and pre-treatment of outside air, reducing the burden on the main filter element.

[0039] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor 8 and a second pressure sensor 9; the first pressure sensor 8 is located at the air inlet 4, and the second pressure sensor 9 is located at the air outlet 5; both the first pressure sensor 8 and the second pressure sensor 9 are connected to the controller 6; the first pressure sensor 8 is used to collect the air pressure in the air inlet 4, and the second pressure sensor 9 is used to collect the air pressure in the air outlet 5.

[0040] In this embodiment, the controller 6 is used to acquire the air temperature and humidity collected by the temperature and humidity sensor 7, the air pressure collected by the pressure sensor, and the engine speed transmitted through the vehicle system, thereby determining whether the air filter is in an abnormal state, and based on the determination result, to conduct human-machine interaction with the driver through the vehicle system, and at the same time change the engine operation strategy.

[0041] Based on real-time detection by sensors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity, the controller can analyze the collected data in real time to determine whether the air filter has reached the end of its filter life, is abnormally damaged, has water ingress, or contains combustibles, rather than simply being blocked. At the same time, it can remind the vehicle driver to take appropriate measures to ensure that the vehicle better meets their driving needs.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Based on Example 1, this example provides a state detection method for an air filter with intelligent detection capabilities. The hardware basis of this method is the air filter in Example 1. Figure 2 This document provides a brief overview of the overall process of the method, which can be viewed concurrently. The key aspects of the method are summarized below:

[0044] The system acquires the air filter's inlet pressure, outlet pressure, outlet temperature, and outlet humidity, while also acquiring the engine speed during vehicle operation.

[0045] Based on the obtained inlet and outlet pressures, calculate the corresponding pressure difference value;

[0046] Based on the engine speed range and the calculated pressure difference, determine the lifespan of the air filter element, whether the filter element is clogged, and whether the housing or pipes are damaged.

[0047] Determine whether abnormally combustible substances have entered the air filter based on the rate of change of the outlet air temperature;

[0048] Based on the rate of change of humidity at the exhaust end, first determine whether the vehicle is in a water-wading condition, and then determine whether there is a risk of water entering the engine.

[0049] Based on the judgment results, the system interacts with the driver through the vehicle's infotainment system and changes the engine operating strategy accordingly.

[0050] Based on the air filter in Example 1, the first pressure sensor 8 detects the air pressure at the intake end in real time, and the second pressure sensor 9 detects the air pressure at the outlet end in real time. When a new air filter is installed or a new filter element is replaced, the vehicle system completes the maintenance settings and records the pressure difference between the intake and outlet pressures at this time, which can be used as a minimum reference value to characterize the resistance of the new filter element after replacement.

[0051] During vehicle operation, as dust accumulates on the surface of filter element 3, the resistance of filter element 3 will gradually increase, and the pressure at the intake end and the pressure at the exhaust end will change accordingly, and the pressure difference between the two ends will gradually increase; in addition, when the engine is running at high speed, it will also cause the pressure difference between the intake end and the exhaust end to increase.

[0052] This embodiment determines a first and a second increaseable value based on a minimum baseline value, corresponding to a first and a second set value, where the first set value is less than the second set value. The first set value can be understood as the increase in differential pressure that the air filter can achieve during use after installing a new air filter or replacing its element, under normal operating conditions determined during engine design. The second set value characterizes the differential pressure under extreme operating conditions where the engine experiences power loss due to insufficient air intake but can still operate. Therefore, by combining the engine speed range with the first and second set values, the lifespan of the air filter element is determined, the engine operating strategy is adjusted accordingly, and the driver is prompted to take appropriate action.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the differential pressure gradually increases with vehicle use and exceeds a first preset value, if the engine speed exceeds a preset speed threshold, such as exceeding 4000 rpm, the vehicle's infotainment system will reduce the engine speed to reduce fuel consumption, emissions, and power loss caused by insufficient air intake. At this time, the driver is also advised to replace the filter element promptly for smoother driving, and is informed that the engine is currently operating under a filter element lifespan approaching its end.

[0054] When the engine speed has dropped below the preset speed threshold, and the differential pressure value still exceeds the first set value but does not exceed the second set value, the vehicle system will maintain the engine speed below the preset speed threshold and remind the driver that the current filter life has expired and the filter needs to be replaced immediately.

[0055] When the engine speed is below the preset speed threshold, if the pressure difference exceeds the second set value, it means that the filter element is completely blocked. For fuel vehicles, the vehicle system will stop the engine. For hybrid vehicles, the vehicle system will stop the engine and force a switch to pure electric drive. At the same time, the vehicle system will prompt the driver to stop immediately for troubleshooting.

[0056] This embodiment also responds to instantaneous changes in differential pressure. During vehicle operation, the corresponding differential pressure value is calculated in real time. When the differential pressure value drops below a preset damage threshold within a preset instantaneous change period, for example, suddenly decreasing to below 300 Pa, it indicates that the air filter element and / or the intake and / or outlet housing and their connected pipes may be damaged. In this case, the vehicle system reduces the engine speed and simultaneously alerts the driver that the damage may have occurred. The driver should immediately shut off the engine and stop the vehicle to troubleshoot the problem, preventing filter failure due to damage, which could cause the engine to draw in impurities and cause more serious damage.

[0057] When the differential pressure rises above the preset blockage threshold within the preset instantaneous change cycle, such as suddenly increasing to over 2000 Pa, it indicates that the air filter element is blocked, possibly due to a sudden influx of a large amount of blockage material. The vehicle system will then reduce the engine speed and prompt the driver to clean the filter.

[0058] The application of the outlet temperature in this embodiment is as follows: During vehicle operation, the outlet temperature of the air filter is acquired in real time; when the rate of increase of the outlet temperature exceeds a preset first rate threshold, the vehicle's operating status, engine speed, and other information transmitted by the vehicle system can be combined to determine that abnormal combustible substances have entered the air filter, such as cigarette butts or burning soot. In this case, the vehicle system will prompt the driver to stop the vehicle immediately to troubleshoot the problem and avoid greater losses such as vehicle fire.

[0059] In this embodiment, the first rate threshold can be set to a range of 5℃ / s-8℃ / s. This threshold can be dynamically adjusted based on the mapping relationship between the engine's rated speed and the intake air volume. After the vehicle system acquires the engine speed signal, throttle opening signal, and airflow data, it can perform weighted calculations on multiple parameters. When the comprehensive judgment coefficient exceeds the safety threshold, a three-level alarm mechanism is triggered: the first level is indicated by a yellow warning light on the instrument panel, the second level is indicated by a buzzer warning, and the third level is indicated by automatically cutting off the engine fuel supply and gradually reducing the engine speed when the vehicle speed is below 20km / h.

[0060] This embodiment applies the following to the humidity at the air outlet: During vehicle operation, the humidity at the air outlet of the air filter is acquired in real time; when the rate of increase of the humidity at the air outlet exceeds a preset second rate threshold, data from the vehicle's wading sensor or GPS positioning data is acquired to determine whether the vehicle is in a wading condition; when the vehicle is in a wading condition, the engine is assessed for water ingress risk based on the humidity at the air outlet; if water ingress risk exists, for gasoline vehicles, the vehicle system reduces the engine speed and prompts the driver to stop wading; for hybrid vehicles, the vehicle system triggers a wading mode, forcibly switching to pure electric drive.

[0061] In this embodiment, the second rate threshold can be set to 15%-20% / s, and the vehicle system has a built-in ambient humidity compensation module that can perform temperature drift correction on the measured humidity value at the outlet based on the outlet temperature. When GPS positioning data and high-precision map matching show that the vehicle is in a flooded section of road, and the vehicle's vertical acceleration sensor detects a continuous bump signal, the vehicle system activates a dual-redundancy judgment mechanism: if the outlet humidity exceeds 90% and continues to rise, it is judged as a wading state with a high risk of water ingress; for fuel vehicles, the engine speed is limited to below 1500 rpm to reduce the risk of water intake into the engine; for hybrid vehicles, the system switches to pure electric drive.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the condition of an air filter with intelligent detection, characterized in that: The hardware basis of the method is an air filter with intelligent detection. The air filter includes a filter body, which includes an inlet housing (1) and an outlet housing (2). The inlet housing (1) and the outlet housing (2) are connected to form a hollow cavity, and a filter element (3) is installed in the hollow cavity. An inlet port (4) is provided on the inlet housing (1), and an outlet port (5) is provided on the outlet housing (2). External air enters the hollow cavity through the inlet port (4) and passes through the filter. After the core (3), the air is output to the engine through the air outlet (5) to form an air filtration path; characterized in that: it also includes a controller (6), a temperature and humidity sensor (7) and a pressure sensor; the controller (6) is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor (7) and the pressure sensor respectively, and the controller (6) is also connected to the vehicle system; the temperature and humidity sensor (7) is used to collect the air temperature and humidity in the air outlet (5), and the pressure sensor is used to collect the air pressure in the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5); The method includes: The system acquires the air filter's inlet pressure, outlet pressure, outlet temperature, and outlet humidity, while also acquiring the engine speed during vehicle operation. Based on the obtained inlet and outlet pressures, calculate the corresponding pressure difference value; Based on the engine speed range and the calculated pressure difference, determine the lifespan of the air filter element, whether the filter element is clogged, and whether the housing or pipes are damaged. Determine whether abnormally combustible substances have entered the air filter based on the rate of change of the outlet air temperature; Based on the rate of change of humidity at the exhaust end, first determine whether the vehicle is in a water-wading condition, and then determine whether there is a risk of water entering the engine. Based on the judgment results, the system interacts with the driver through the vehicle's infotainment system and changes the engine operating strategy accordingly.

2. The air filter status detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet (5) is connected to the external pipeline of the engine, and the temperature and humidity sensor (7) is located at the air outlet (5); the air inlet (4) is directly exposed as the inlet of external air, or is connected to the pre-treatment pipeline of external air.

3. The air filter status detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor (8) and a second pressure sensor (9); the first pressure sensor (8) is located at the air inlet (4), and the second pressure sensor (9) is located at the air outlet (5); both the first pressure sensor (8) and the second pressure sensor (9) are connected to the controller (6); the first pressure sensor (8) is used to collect the air pressure in the air inlet (4), and the second pressure sensor (9) is used to collect the air pressure in the air outlet (5).

4. The air filter status detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (6) is used to acquire the air temperature and humidity collected by the temperature and humidity sensor (7), the air pressure collected by the pressure sensor, and the engine speed transmitted through the vehicle system, thereby determining whether the air filter is in an abnormal state, and based on the determination result, to conduct human-machine interaction with the driver through the vehicle system, and at the same time change the engine operation strategy.

5. The air filter status detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After installing a new air filter or replacing the filter element, the vehicle's infotainment system completes maintenance settings and records the pressure difference between the intake and exhaust pressures as a minimum baseline value. Based on the minimum baseline value, it determines a first and a second increment value, resulting in a first and a second set value, with the first set value being less than the second set value. The system then combines the engine speed range with the first and second set values ​​to determine the air filter's lifespan, adjusts the engine operating strategy accordingly, and prompts the driver to take appropriate action.

6. The air filter status detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the differential pressure gradually increases and exceeds the first set value as the vehicle is used, if the engine speed exceeds the preset speed threshold at this time, the engine speed will be reduced through the vehicle system, and the driver will be reminded that the engine is currently in the engine operation strategy when the filter life is about to expire. When the engine speed has dropped below the preset speed threshold, and the differential pressure value still exceeds the first set value but does not exceed the second set value, the vehicle system will maintain the engine speed below the preset speed threshold and remind the driver that the current filter life has expired and the filter needs to be replaced immediately. When the engine speed is below the preset speed threshold, if the pressure difference exceeds the second set value, it means that the filter element is completely blocked. For fuel vehicles, the vehicle system will stop the engine. For hybrid vehicles, the vehicle system will stop the engine and force a switch to pure electric drive. At the same time, the vehicle system will prompt the driver to stop immediately for troubleshooting.

7. The air filter status detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During vehicle operation, the corresponding differential pressure value is calculated in real time; When the differential pressure drops below the preset damage threshold within the preset instantaneous change cycle, the engine speed will be reduced through the vehicle system. At the same time, the driver will be alerted that the air filter element and / or the intake housing and / or the exhaust housing and their connected pipes may be damaged. The engine should be turned off immediately and the vehicle should be stopped for troubleshooting. When the differential pressure rises above the preset second set value within the preset instantaneous change cycle, the vehicle system will reduce the engine speed and simultaneously remind the driver that the air filter element is clogged and should be cleaned.

8. The air filter status detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During vehicle operation, the outlet temperature of the air filter is acquired in real time. When the rate of increase of the outlet temperature exceeds the preset first rate threshold, it is determined that abnormal combustible material has entered the air filter, causing the airflow temperature to rise. The vehicle system will then prompt the driver to stop the vehicle immediately for troubleshooting.

9. The air filter status detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During vehicle operation, the humidity at the air outlet of the air filter is acquired in real time; when the rate of increase of humidity at the air outlet exceeds the preset second rate threshold, the vehicle body water wading sensor data or positioning data is acquired to determine whether the vehicle is in a water wading condition. When a vehicle is in a water-wading situation, the system determines whether there is a risk of water entering the engine based on the humidity level at the exhaust outlet. If there is a risk of water entering the engine, the vehicle's infotainment system will reduce the engine speed for fuel-powered vehicles and simultaneously prompt the driver to stop wading through water. For hybrid vehicles, the vehicle's infotainment system triggers a wading mode, forcibly switching to pure electric drive.

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