A process for preparing a copper wire

Abstract

The application relates to a preparation process of a copper wire and belongs to the technical field of wire production, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing an oxygen-free copper rod by using an up-drawing method; S2, performing surface cleaning on the oxygen-free copper rod; and S3, processing the oxygen-free copper rod after the surface cleaning into a copper flat wire through a continuous extruding machine; wherein the continuous extruding machine comprises a forming cavity and an extruding die which is detachably fixed in the forming cavity, the extruding die is integrally formed with a die mouth structure, the die mouth structure comprises a gradually-changing forming section and an equal-section shaping section, the geometric profile of the gradually-changing forming section is formed by lofting a circular cross section at an inlet end along an axial direction to a target rectangular cross section at an outlet end, the equal-section shaping section is connected with the outlet end of the gradually-changing forming section, and the cross section shape of the equal-section shaping section is consistent with the target rectangular shape. The application can inhibit edge skinning and cracks, avoid sudden change of pressure on the die during extrusion, thereby prolonging the service life of the die, and without deliberately slowing down the production speed to relieve the pressure, the efficient production requirement of the copper wire is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of conductor manufacturing, and in particular to a process for preparing copper conductors. Background Technology

[0002] The drive motor is one of the core components of new energy vehicles. Compared with traditional industrial motors, new energy vehicle drive motors are characterized by high integration, high operating efficiency, high power density, high safety level, high cost-effectiveness, and low noise. As the drive motor is a core component of a car, and enameled flat wire is a key raw material for drive motors, higher requirements are placed on the copper conductors of enameled flat wire: precise rectangular cross-section, defect-free surface, and excellent dimensional stability.

[0003] Traditional processes use the upward continuous casting method to prepare oxygen-free copper rods as raw materials, and the pitch marks on the surface need to be removed by mechanical cleaning. After pretreatment, the copper rod enters the continuous extrusion process: in the forming cavity, the copper rod plastically flows under high temperature and high pressure. The forming cavity is equipped with a mold, and the rod is continuously extruded through the die orifice to directly obtain a rectangular cross-section copper conductor (i.e., enameled flat wire substrate).

[0004] However, this process has significant drawbacks in producing high aspect ratio flat wires. Since the deformation from a circular to a rectangular cross-section relies entirely on single-die extrusion, the uneven stress distribution in the sizing zone leads to defects such as peeling and burrs at the finished product edges, and exacerbates dimensional fluctuations in the thickness direction. To compensate for insufficient precision, existing technologies typically add a separate rolling forming line after extrusion, using multiple sets of pressure rollers for secondary processing of the flat wire. This process requires additional rolling mill equipment, significantly extending the production line, causing interruptions in process connections and redundant equipment layout. Furthermore, the ability of rolling to correct the rectangular edge contour is limited, making it difficult to meet the stringent surface quality requirements of enameled wire. In addition, the cavity pressure increases dramatically during the extrusion of high aspect ratio flat wires, accelerating die wear and forcing a reduction in production speed to alleviate pressure, severely restricting production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issues of edge defects, dimensional fluctuations, and low process efficiency in the production of high aspect ratio copper flat wires using a single-die continuous extrusion process, this application provides a copper conductor manufacturing process.

[0006] The present application provides a process for manufacturing copper wires, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A process for manufacturing copper wires includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Oxygen-free copper rods are prepared using the upward drawing method;

[0009] S2. Clean the surface of the oxygen-free copper rod;

[0010] S3. The oxygen-free copper rod after surface cleaning is processed into copper flat wire using a continuous extrusion press;

[0011] The continuous extruder includes a forming cavity and an extrusion die detachably fixed in the forming cavity. The extrusion die has an integrally formed die structure, which includes a gradient forming section and a constant cross-section shaping section. The geometric contour of the gradient forming section is formed by axially extending a circular cross-section at the inlet end to a target rectangular cross-section at the outlet end. The constant cross-section shaping section is connected to the outlet end of the gradient forming section, and its cross-sectional shape is consistent with the target rectangle.

[0012] Optionally, step S1 includes:

[0013] S11. Melt the electrolytic copper raw material in a closed smelting furnace, with the smelting environment covered by a reducing medium;

[0014] S12. The molten copper liquid is transferred to the upper continuous casting furnace and drawn into an oxygen-free copper rod with pitch marks by the crystallizer.

[0015] Optionally, in step S2, the surface cleaning uses a rotating wire brush to remove dirt and a slight oxide layer from the surface of the oxygen-free copper rod, and a dust collection device is configured to collect the cleaning residue.

[0016] Optionally, the outlet end of the forming cavity is provided with an installation groove, the extrusion mold is adapted to be inserted into the installation groove, the cross-sectional shape of the installation groove is non-circular, the side wall of the extrusion mold is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove, and the inner wall of the installation groove is provided with a snap-fit ​​unit adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove.

[0017] Optionally, the snap-fit ​​unit includes a receiving groove provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove and a snap-fit ​​block slidably disposed in the receiving groove. The receiving groove and the snap-fit ​​groove are positioned correspondingly. The snap-fit ​​block is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove. A compression spring is connected between the snap-fit ​​block and the bottom wall of the receiving groove. The snap-fit ​​block is provided with a guide slope on the side facing the opening of the mounting groove.

[0018] When the compression spring is in its natural state, the guide ramp is at least partially located within the receiving groove or just fully extended from the receiving groove;

[0019] When the compression spring is at its compression limit, the snap-fit ​​blocks are all located within the receiving groove.

[0020] Optionally, a pull rod is connected to one end of the snap-fit ​​block near the bottom wall of the receiving groove. The forming cavity is provided with a through hole for the pull rod to pass through. The pull rod is clearance-fitted with the through hole. A pull buckle is provided at one end of the pull rod that passes through the through hole. The through hole communicates with the receiving groove. The pull rod is provided with an external thread. A locking nut is threadedly connected to the external thread. The locking nut is located outside the forming cavity.

[0021] Optionally, the continuous extrusion press further includes an extrusion roller located at the inlet side of the forming cavity. The extrusion roller has a groove on its surface for the oxygen-free copper rod to pass through. One side of the extrusion roller has a clamping roller for pressing the oxygen-free copper rod against the groove wall. The forming cavity has an arc surface close to the extrusion roller on its side. The arc surface has a guide channel opposite to the groove position. The guide channel is connected to the mounting groove. The arc surface also has a stop block located below the guide channel.

[0022] Optionally, step S3 is followed by step S4, which involves spray cooling the copper flat wire extruded by the continuous extruder.

[0023] Optionally, the length of the constant cross-section shaping section is greater than the length of the gradual shaping section.

[0024] Optionally, the inlet end of the gradient forming segment is provided with an inlet cone angle.

[0025] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0026] 1. This application utilizes the top-extraction method to prepare oxygen-free copper rods, ensuring high purity of the copper material, eliminating internal porosity defects, and providing a dense and uniform material foundation for subsequent extrusion. A surface cleaning process thoroughly removes oxide scale and contaminants from the copper rod surface, preventing impurities from scratching the die or embedding into the copper material during extrusion, thus ensuring the surface smoothness of the copper flat wire. In the continuous extrusion process, the extrusion die adopts an integrated die structure. Its gradient forming section, through a continuous gradient from a circle to a rectangle in cross-section, smooths the metal flow stress gradient, significantly reducing single-point stress concentration. This helps suppress edge warping and cracking, while avoiding sudden changes in pressure on the extrusion die during extrusion, thus extending the die's service life. Furthermore, it eliminates the need to deliberately slow down production to alleviate die pressure, ensuring efficient production of copper wires. The constant-section shaping section promotes stress relaxation by extending the sizing contact time, significantly improving the dimensional stability of the copper flat wire and eliminating cross-sectional distortion caused by springback. Furthermore, compared to the serial connection structure of multiple molds, this application adopts an integral mold structure, which maintains the sealing at the transition between the gradual forming section and the constant cross-section shaping section under high pressure, avoiding the assembly gap problem of multiple molds connected in series and preventing energy loss caused by high pressure leakage of copper material. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a copper wire fabrication process according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure of the continuous extruder in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 This is an exploded view showing the assembly relationship between the molding cavity and the extrusion die in the embodiments of this application.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the internal structure of the continuous extruder in the embodiments of this application.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the mold structure in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Forming cavity; 11. Arc surface; 12. Material guide channel; 13. Stop block; 14. Mounting groove; 15. Snap-fit ​​unit; 151. Receiving groove; 152. Snap-fit ​​block; 1521. Guide slope; 153. Compression spring; 154. Pull rod; 1541. Pull buckle part; 1542. External thread; 155. Locking nut; 16. Through hole; 2. Extrusion die; 21. Die opening structure; 211. Gradient forming section; 2111. Inlet cone angle; 212. Section shaping section; 22. Snap-fit ​​groove; 3. Extrusion wheel; 31. Wheel groove; 4. Pressure wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following combination Figures 1-6 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0035] This application discloses a process for manufacturing copper wires. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A process for manufacturing copper wires includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Oxygen-free copper rods are prepared using the upward drawing method;

[0037] S2. Clean the surface of the oxygen-free copper rod;

[0038] S3. The oxygen-free copper rod after surface cleaning is processed into copper flat wire using a continuous extrusion press;

[0039] S4. Spray cooling is applied to the copper flat wires extruded by the continuous extrusion press.

[0040] This application utilizes an upward extrusion method to obtain high-purity oxygen-free copper rods in an isolated oxidizing environment, eliminating internal defects and providing a dense substrate for subsequent processing. A surface cleaning process thoroughly removes surface contaminants from the oxygen-free copper rods, ensuring no scratches on the die or impurities embedded in the material during extrusion. Continuous extrusion directly forms the oxygen-free copper rods into copper flat wires, achieving single-pass plastic deformation from raw material to finished product. This eliminates production interruptions caused by rewinding the billet, multiple drawing and annealing processes, and multiple rolling steps in traditional processes. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for additional subsequent forming mills, effectively shortening the production line length and significantly improving space utilization efficiency and production continuity. Spray cooling enables rapid temperature reduction of the copper flat wire surface, ensuring precise dimensional shaping. In addition, the rapid cooling effect promotes ultra-fine grain refinement and the formation of a uniform oxide film, significantly enhancing conductivity and the interfacial bonding strength with subsequent coatings.

[0041] Step S1 specifically includes:

[0042] S11. The electrolytic copper raw material is smelted in a closed smelting furnace, and the smelting environment is covered with a reducing medium (such as charcoal or nitrogen).

[0043] S12. The molten copper liquid is transferred to the upper continuous casting furnace and drawn into an oxygen-free copper rod with pitch marks by the crystallizer.

[0044] When oxygen-free copper rods are prepared using the upward drawing method, the reducing medium covering the smelting process blocks the contact between the molten copper liquid and the air, effectively inhibiting the formation of brittle oxides such as Cu2O and improving the ductility of the copper rod. The pitch marks formed by the crystallizer traction increase the surface friction coefficient of the oxygen-free copper rod, preventing slippage when feeding it into the continuous extruder.

[0045] In step S2, surface cleaning uses a rotating wire brush to remove dirt and a slight oxide layer from the surface of the oxygen-free copper rod, and a dust collection device is used to collect cleaning residues to prevent secondary adhesion. Crucially, the micron-level scratches created by the rotating wire brush on the oxygen-free copper rod surface form a mesh-like texture, which helps to further increase the surface friction coefficient of the oxygen-free copper rod.

[0046] Reference Figures 1-3 The continuous extrusion press in step S3 includes a forming cavity 1, an extrusion die 2 detachably fixed in the forming cavity 1, and an extrusion roller 3 set on the inlet side of the forming cavity 1. The extrusion roller 3 can rotate. The roller surface of the extrusion roller 3 is provided with a groove 31 through which the oxygen-free copper rod can pass. One side of the extrusion roller 3 is provided with a pressing roller 4 for pressing the oxygen-free copper rod against the groove wall of the groove 31. The side of the forming cavity 1 near the extrusion roller 3 is provided with an arc surface 11 that is in close contact with the extrusion roller 3. The arc surface 11 is provided with a guide channel 12 that is opposite to the position of the groove 31. The guide channel 12 is connected to the die opening of the extrusion die 2. A stop block 13 is also fixed on the arc surface 11 and is located on the lower side of the guide channel 12.

[0047] During the continuous extrusion process, the oxygen-free copper rod first enters the groove 31 of the extrusion roller 3. As the extrusion roller 3 rotates continuously, radial traction is generated through the friction between the groove 31 and the copper rod. At the same time, the pressure roller 4 applies pressure to the side of the extrusion roller 3, pressing the copper rod tightly against the groove wall of the groove 31, forming a stable friction transmission pair. Driven by the friction of the groove 31, the copper rod is conveyed forward and reaches the arc surface 11 area on the inlet side of the forming cavity 1. The arc surface 11 and the outer edge of the extrusion roller 3 are in close contact to form a sealed contact zone. The guide channel 12 set on it is precisely aligned with the outlet of the groove 31. At the same time, the stop block 13 prevents the copper rod from moving downward, forcibly guiding the oxygen-free copper rod into the forming cavity 1. The copper rod entering the forming cavity 1 enters the extrusion die 2 under axial pressure. Finally, the formed copper flat wire is continuously extruded from the die outlet end of the extrusion die 2.

[0048] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The extrusion die 2 has an integrally formed die structure 21. The die structure 21 includes a gradient forming section 211 and a constant cross-section shaping section 212. The geometric contour of the gradient forming section 211 is formed by axially laying out the circular cross-section at the inlet end to the target rectangular cross-section at the outlet end. The constant cross-section shaping section 212 is connected to the outlet end of the gradient forming section 211, and its cross-sectional shape is consistent with the target rectangle.

[0049] In the continuous extrusion process, the extrusion die 2 adopts an integrally formed die structure 21. Its gradual forming section 211 smooths the stress gradient of metal flow through the continuous gradual change of cross-section from circle to rectangle, which greatly reduces the stress concentration at single point. This helps to suppress edge peeling and cracks, and at the same time avoids sudden changes in the pressure on the extrusion die 2 during extrusion. This helps to extend the service life of the extrusion die 2, and there is no need to deliberately slow down the production speed to relieve the pressure on the extrusion die 2, ensuring the high-efficiency production requirements of copper wires. Meanwhile, the constant cross-section shaping section 212 promotes stress relaxation by extending the sizing contact time, which significantly improves the dimensional stability of copper flat wires and eliminates cross-sectional distortion caused by springback.

[0050] Furthermore, compared to the serial connection structure of multiple molds, this application adopts an integral mold structure 21, which maintains the sealing at the transition between the gradual forming section 211 and the constant cross-section shaping section 212 under high pressure, avoiding the assembly gap problem of multiple molds connected in series and preventing energy loss caused by high pressure leakage of copper material.

[0051] Reference Figure 5The inlet end of the gradient forming section 211 is provided with an inlet cone 2111, which can significantly reduce the resistance of the copper material entering the mold. The centripetal component force generated by the cone structure of the inlet cone 2111 helps to compensate for the flow gaps at the four corners of the rectangle, eliminate corner collapse, and improve the forming quality of the copper flat wire. In addition, the length of the constant cross-section shaping section 212 is greater than the length of the gradient forming section 211, which significantly extends the metal shaping residence time, ensures that the corner stress is fully relaxed, and achieves a rectangular cross-section with full edges.

[0052] Reference Figure 4 To facilitate the installation and maintenance of the extrusion die 2, an installation groove 14 is provided at the outlet end of the forming cavity 1. The extrusion die 2 is adapted to be inserted into the installation groove 14. The cross-sectional shape of the installation groove 14 is non-circular. A snap-fit ​​groove 22 is provided on the side wall of the extrusion die 2. A snap-fit ​​unit 15 adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove 22 is provided on the inner wall of the installation groove 14.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The snap-fit ​​unit 15 includes a receiving groove 151 formed on the inner wall of the mounting groove 14 and a snap-fit ​​block 152 slidably disposed in the receiving groove 151. The receiving groove 151 and the snap-fit ​​groove 22 are positioned correspondingly, and the snap-fit ​​block 152 is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove 22. A compression spring 153 is connected between the snap-fit ​​block 152 and the bottom wall of the receiving groove 151. The snap-fit ​​block 152 has a guide slope 1521 on the side facing the opening of the mounting groove 14, and satisfies the following conditions: when the compression spring 153 is in its natural state, the guide slope 1521 is at least partially located in the receiving groove 151 or just fully extended out of the receiving groove 151; when the compression spring 153 is at its compression limit, the snap-fit ​​block 152 is completely located in the receiving groove 151.

[0054] During the installation of the extrusion die 2, it is inserted into the mounting slot 14 to form a plug-in fit. The non-rotational symmetrical structure eliminates the circumferential degree of freedom of the extrusion die 2, ensuring the coaxiality of its die centerline with the extrusion axis. The locking block 152 is embedded in the locking groove 22 under the preload of the compression spring 153 to form a rigid self-locking mechanism, which can effectively resist axial extrusion force and prevent the extrusion die 2 from axial displacement. When the extrusion die 2 is inserted into the mounting slot 14, the side wall of the extrusion die 2 contacts the guide inclined surface 1521 to generate a radial component force, which automatically compresses the locking block 152 and retracts it into the receiving groove 151. After the extrusion die 2 is inserted into place, the compression spring 153 immediately pushes the locking block 152 to reset and lock, completing the efficient installation of "single push and lock".

[0055] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6A pull rod 154 is fixedly connected to one end of the snap-fit ​​block 152 near the bottom wall of the receiving groove 151. A through hole 16 is provided on the side wall of the molding cavity 1 for the pull rod 154 to pass through, and the pull rod 154 is clearance-fitted with the through hole 16. A pull buckle part 1541 is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod 154 that passes through the through hole 16. The through hole 16 communicates with the receiving groove 151. An external thread 1542 is provided on the outer peripheral side wall of the pull rod 154, and a locking nut 155 is threadedly connected to the external thread 1542. The locking nut 155 is located outside the molding cavity 1. In this embodiment, the locking nut 155 is a wing nut.

[0056] This application, through the coordinated design of the pull rod 154, the external thread 1542, and the locking nut 155, improves the operational flexibility during mold disassembly, providing two selectable modes for mold disassembly to adapt to different maintenance scenarios:

[0057] In the tightening locking nut 155 mode, after the operator pulls the lever 154 via the pull tab 1541, the locking nut 155 can be tightened to fully compress the snap-fit ​​block 152 into the receiving groove 151 and lock its position. At this time, the snap-fit ​​block 152 is forcibly locked in the disengaged position and cannot spring back, completely freeing the operator's hands—no need to exert force to maintain the position of the lever 154, allowing the operator to focus on disassembling, removing, and replacing the extrusion mold 2. This mode is particularly suitable for precision maintenance scenarios, such as when the extrusion mold 2 is a precision coating mold that needs to be protected from collisions, or for one-handed disassembly operations in confined spaces.

[0058] In the direct pull-rod 154 mode, a skilled operator can choose not to tighten the locking nut 155, but instead use one hand to pull the lever 154 outward with the pull tab 1541, causing the locking block 152 to temporarily retract into the receiving groove 151; simultaneously, the other hand operates a disassembly tool (such as draft pliers) to immediately remove the extrusion die 2 from the mounting groove 14. This mode, through the coordinated action of both hands, skips the time consumed by tightening the locking nut 155, allowing the disassembly process of the extrusion die 2 to be completed in a very short time, meeting the emergency die change requirements on the production line.

[0059] Thus, by using the optional tightening and locking function of the locking nut 155, the operational burden of continuous force during disassembly is solved, while maintaining operational flexibility, so that the replacement of the extrusion die 2 can take into account both stability and timeliness.

[0060] Furthermore, by rotating the locking nut 155, the extension of the guide ramp 1521 can be precisely controlled, ensuring that it is in the designed position of the compression spring 153 in its natural state (i.e., the guide ramp 1521 is partially located within the receiving groove 151 or just fully extended). This adjustment mechanism directly avoids installation obstacles caused by the guide ramp 1521 extending excessively out of the receiving groove 151: if the guide ramp 1521 extends outward without control, the extrusion die 2 cannot push the locking block 152 to retract automatically through lateral pressure when inserted into the installation groove 14, and the pull rod 154 must be manually pulled to unlock the installation path; while the moderately adjusted guide ramp 1521 is automatically slid into the receiving groove 151 under pressure when the extrusion die 2 is inserted, ensuring stable "touch-and-lock" non-intervention installation.

[0061] The implementation principle of the copper wire preparation process in this application embodiment is as follows: This application prepares oxygen-free copper rods using the upward drawing method, ensuring high purity of the copper material, eliminating internal porosity defects, and providing a dense and uniform material foundation for subsequent extrusion. The surface cleaning process thoroughly removes the oxide scale and contaminants from the surface of the copper rod, preventing impurities from scratching the mold or embedding into the copper material during extrusion, thus ensuring the surface smoothness of the copper flat wire.

[0062] In the continuous extrusion process, the extrusion die 2 adopts an integrally formed die structure 21. Its gradual forming section 211 smooths the stress gradient of metal flow through the continuous gradual change of cross-section from circle to rectangle, which greatly reduces the stress concentration at single point. This helps to suppress edge peeling and cracks, and at the same time avoids sudden changes in the pressure on the extrusion die 2 during extrusion. This helps to extend the service life of the extrusion die 2, and there is no need to deliberately slow down the production speed to relieve the pressure on the extrusion die 2, ensuring the high-efficiency production requirements of copper wires. Meanwhile, the constant cross-section shaping section 212 promotes stress relaxation by extending the sizing contact time, which significantly improves the dimensional stability of copper flat wires and eliminates cross-sectional distortion caused by springback.

[0063] Furthermore, compared to the serial connection structure of multiple molds, this application adopts an integral mold structure 21, which maintains the sealing at the transition between the gradual forming section 211 and the constant cross-section shaping section 212 under high pressure, avoiding the assembly gap problem of multiple molds connected in series and preventing energy loss caused by high pressure leakage of copper material.

[0064] Finally, spray cooling can achieve rapid temperature drop on the surface of the copper flat wire, ensuring accurate shaping of the copper flat wire's dimensions. In addition, the rapid cooling effect promotes grain refinement and the generation of a uniform oxide film, significantly enhancing conductivity and the interfacial bonding strength with subsequent coatings.

[0065] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A process for manufacturing copper wires, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Oxygen-free copper rods are prepared using the upward drawing method; S2. Clean the surface of the oxygen-free copper rod; S3. The oxygen-free copper rod after surface cleaning is processed into copper flat wire using a continuous extrusion press; The continuous extruder includes a forming cavity (1) and an extrusion die (2) that is detachably fixed in the forming cavity (1). The extrusion die (2) has an integrally formed die structure (21). The die structure (21) includes a gradient forming section (211) and a constant cross-section shaping section (212). The geometric contour of the gradient forming section (211) is formed by axially laying out the circular cross-section at the inlet end to the target rectangular cross-section at the outlet end. The constant cross-section shaping section (212) is connected to the outlet end of the gradient forming section (211), and its cross-sectional shape is consistent with the target rectangle. The outlet end of the forming cavity (1) is provided with a mounting groove (14), and the extrusion mold (2) is adapted to be inserted into the mounting groove (14). The cross-sectional shape of the mounting groove (14) is non-circular. The side wall of the extrusion mold (2) is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove (22), and the inner wall of the mounting groove (14) is provided with a snap-fit ​​unit (15) that is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove (22). The snap-fit ​​unit (15) includes a receiving groove (151) provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove (14) and a snap-fit ​​block (152) slidably disposed in the receiving groove (151). The receiving groove (151) and the snap-fit ​​groove (22) are positioned correspondingly. The snap-fit ​​block (152) is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove (22). A compression spring (153) is connected between the bottom wall of the snap-fit ​​block (152) and the receiving groove (151). A guide slope (1521) is provided on the side of the snap-fit ​​block (152) facing the opening of the mounting groove (14). When the compression spring (153) is in its natural state, the guide slope (1521) is at least partially located in the receiving groove (151) or just fully extended out of the receiving groove (151). When the compression spring (153) is at its compression limit, the snap-fit ​​block (152) is completely located in the receiving groove (151). A pull rod (154) is connected to one end of the snap-fit ​​block (152) near the bottom wall of the receiving groove (151). The forming cavity (1) is provided with a through hole (16) through which the pull rod (154) passes. The pull rod (154) is clearance-fitted with the through hole (16). The end of the pull rod (154) that passes through the through hole (16) is provided with a pull buckle (1541). The through hole (16) is connected to the receiving groove (151). The pull rod (154) is provided with an external thread (1542). The external thread (1542) is threadedly connected to a locking nut (155). The locking nut (155) is located outside the forming cavity (1).

2. The manufacturing process of a copper conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: S11. Melt the electrolytic copper raw material in a closed smelting furnace, with the smelting environment covered by a reducing medium; S12. The molten copper liquid is transferred to the upper continuous casting furnace and drawn into an oxygen-free copper rod with pitch marks by the crystallizer.

3. The manufacturing process of a copper conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the surface cleaning uses a rotating wire brush to remove dirt and a slight oxide layer from the surface of the oxygen-free copper rod, and a dust collection device is used to collect the cleaning residue.

4. A process for preparing a copper conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous extrusion press also includes an extrusion roller (3) located at the inlet side of the forming cavity (1). The roller surface of the extrusion roller (3) is provided with a groove (31) through which the oxygen-free copper rod can pass. One side of the extrusion roller (3) is provided with a pressing roller (4) for pressing the oxygen-free copper rod against the groove wall of the groove (31). The side of the forming cavity (1) near the extrusion roller (3) is provided with an arc surface (11) that is in close contact with the extrusion roller (3). The arc surface (11) is provided with a guide channel (12) that is opposite to the position of the groove (31). The guide channel (12) is connected to the mounting groove (14). The arc surface (11) is also provided with a stop block (13), which is located on the lower side of the guide channel (12).

5. A process for preparing a copper conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 is followed by step S4, which involves spray cooling the copper flat wire extruded by the continuous extruder.

6. A process for preparing a copper conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the constant cross-section shaping segment (212) is greater than the length of the gradual shaping segment (211).

7. A process for preparing a copper conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the gradient forming segment (211) is provided with an inlet cone angle (2111).

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