Material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction

Abstract

This invention discloses a material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction, belonging to the field of material handling technology. It includes a transport vehicle body with fencing mechanisms installed at both ends. A base plate is rotatably connected between the two fencing mechanisms, and multiple suspension mechanisms are arrayed on the top of the base plate. In this invention, the transport vehicle body can run within the tunnel via a rail traction machine or a traction locomotive. When it reaches a narrow area at the tunnel end, a second electric push rod can be controlled to pull a movable sleeve that slides within a chute. As the movable sleeve moves, it drives the top movable part to move. When the two movable parts move towards each other, they bring the fencing grooves closer together. At this time, the relative distance between the fencing grooves and the front guiding mechanism can be adjusted, which is beneficial for guiding material drop into narrow areas and meeting the unloading needs in these areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of material handling technology, and in particular relates to a material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel is a passage dug underground or underwater, typically used in the construction of transportation, water conservancy, energy, and communication projects. During tunnel construction, it is necessary to transport materials to the tunnel face, among which supporting pipes are often prone to damage during transportation.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN215324916U discloses a transportation device for small-diameter circular tunnels, belonging to the field of tunnel construction transportation equipment. The device includes a bracket and directional wheels. The bracket comprises longitudinal bars, transverse bars, push rods, and positioning rods. The longitudinal and transverse bars are arranged in an alternating rectangular grid structure. Push rods are installed on both sides of the top of the bracket, and positioning rods are installed on both sides of the middle. Directional wheels are inclinedly installed at the four corners of the bottom of the bracket. This solution facilitates the transportation of long rod-shaped materials in small direct tunnels. However, during tunnel construction, due to the narrow space at the tunnel's front end, if the unloading area is smaller than the overall width of the bracket, it is impossible to unload the material as a whole, affecting material loading efficiency. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that if the unloading area is smaller than the overall width of the support frame due to the narrow space at the front of the tunnel, the material cannot be unloaded as a whole, which affects the material loading efficiency. Therefore, this invention proposes a material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction includes a transport vehicle body. Both ends of the transport vehicle body are equipped with fence mechanisms, and a base plate is rotatably connected between the two fence mechanisms. Multiple suspension mechanisms are arrayed on the top of the base plate, and a guide mechanism is installed on one side of the fence mechanism on the traveling side.

[0007] The fence mechanism includes multiple fence slots, and each of the multiple fence slots in the same row has a movable part on one side. The movable parts on both sides can move closer to each other. The movement of the movable parts drives the fence slots to adjust the relative gap. The fence slots are rotatably connected to one side of the movable parts. The unloading is carried out by adjusting the abutment guide angle through the rotation of the fence slots.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0009] The bottom of the movable part is connected to a sliding rod, and the bottom end of the sliding rod is connected to a third electric push rod through a plate. The sliding rod is fitted with a movable sleeve, and the movable sleeve is disposed outside the movable seat. Sliding grooves are opened on both sides of the top of the movable seat. The movable sleeve is slidably connected to the sliding groove. A second electric push rod is connected to one side of the movable sleeve, and the second electric push rod is connected to a groove opened on one side of the inner cavity of the sliding groove. Screw seats are connected to both sides of the movable seat, and a linear module is externally driven to the screw seats. The linear module is installed on the top of the transport vehicle body.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] One side of the fence groove is connected to a connecting rod through the moving part via a rod body, and a drive rod is rotatably connected between multiple connecting rods. A drive block is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive rod, and a first electric push rod is connected to the bottom of the drive block. A fixed block is connected to the bottom of the first electric push rod, and the fixed block is connected to the outside of the moving part.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] The base plate has hinge slots at both ends on both sides, and hinge blocks are rotatably connected in the hinge slots, with the hinge blocks connected to one side of the corresponding movable seat.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] The suspension mechanism includes a support column, with multiple hanging rods equidistantly connected along the axial direction on one side of the support column, and a force-bearing plate connected to the outside of the hanging rods. A sealing sleeve is slidably connected to the outside of the support column, and the sealing sleeve is connected to the top of the base plate at the corresponding position.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] A sliding hole is provided on one side of the inner cavity of the closed sleeve, and a movable rod is slidably connected in the sliding hole. A pull sleeve is connected to the end of the movable rod, and the pull sleeve is sleeved on the movable rod at the corresponding position. A first spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the movable rod, and the two ends of the first spring are respectively connected to the corresponding positions of one side of the inner cavity of the closed sleeve and one side of the pull sleeve.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] The guiding mechanism includes a guide seat, which is connected to one side of the moving part at the corresponding position. The inner cavity of the guide seat is rotatably connected to a guide plate via a shaft. A drive motor is connected to the bottom end of the shaft. The drive motor is installed on the bottom side of the guide seat. Multiple abutment rollers are arranged in an array along the width direction on one side of the guide plate.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] The guide plate has multiple grooves arrayed on one side, and telescopic rods are connected to both ends of the abutting roller. The other end of the telescopic rod is connected to one side of the groove cavity. A second spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the telescopic rod, and the two ends of the second spring are respectively connected to the abutting roller and one side of the groove cavity at corresponding positions.

[0022] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. In this invention, the designed transport vehicle body can run in the tunnel by a rail traction machine or a traction locomotive. When it moves to the narrow area at the end of the tunnel, it can control the second electric push rod to pull the moving sleeve to slide in the chute. When the moving sleeve moves, it can drive the top moving part to move. After the two moving parts move towards each other, they can drive the fence grooves to move closer to each other. At this time, the fence grooves can adjust the relative distance of the front guide mechanism, which is beneficial to meet the material drop guidance in the narrow area by adjusting the distance of the fence grooves, and meet the unloading needs in the narrow area.

[0024] 2. In this invention, the movable seat can tilt the base plate and the suspension mechanism, which is beneficial for the material limited by the suspension mechanism to slide and fall to the traveling side after the tilt angle is set. The movable seat forms an inclined unloading channel, which facilitates the rapid unloading of materials. After the first electric push rod extends, it can drive the fence groove to rotate around the rod body. After the fence groove rotates, the orientation of one side of the inclined surface can be adjusted. When the inclined surface of the fence groove is perpendicular to the end of the material, it abuts and limits the end of the material to prevent the material from slipping during transportation. Furthermore, when loading and unloading materials, by adjusting the inclined surface of the fence groove to a horizontal position, the contact angle between the inclined surface of the fence groove and the material can be adjusted, which facilitates the material to slide forward through the inclined fence groove, improving the unloading adaptability.

[0025] 3. In this invention, through the designed suspension mechanism, when the material is placed between the suspension mechanisms, the material can be positioned between the scraper and the force plate at the corresponding position. When the material is placed between the two side support columns, the support columns can slide on the moving rod through the bottom pull sleeve. The movement of the moving rod can compress the external first spring. The first spring can use its own elasticity to drive the pull sleeve and the top support column to move inward, which is beneficial to clamping and limiting the material by the mutual approach of the two side support columns, thereby improving the material assembly stability. When the two side moving seats move relative to each other, the bottom plate can tilt. When the bottom plate tilts, the material can be driven to slide by the tilt of the top suspension mechanism. When the sliding material moves to the front guide mechanism, the output shaft of the drive motor rotates, which can drive the shaft to rotate and make the guide plate rotate. After the two side guide plates rotate and approach each other, the material can be discharged to the external narrow area by the abutment guidance of the guide plate. It can adjust and adapt to the relative position of the external discharge area. When the material contacts the guide plate, the material can contact the abutment roller on one side of the guide plate. The abutment roller can absorb the contact impact by rotating, thereby improving the material guiding and discharge effect. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of a material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of a material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the fence mechanism of a material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fence mechanism of a material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the suspension mechanism of a material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding mechanism structure of a material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the guiding mechanism of a material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction proposed in this invention.

[0034] Legend:

[0035] 1. Transport vehicle body; 2. Floor plate; 3. Fence mechanism; 301. Fence groove; 302. Moving part; 303. Connecting rod; 304. Drive rod; 305. Drive block; 306. First electric push rod; 307. Fixed block; 308. Moving sleeve; 309. Second electric push rod; 310. Slide rod; 311. Third electric push rod; 312. Moving seat; 313. Lead screw seat; 314. Linear module; 4. Suspension mechanism; 401. Support column; 402. Hanging rod; 403. Force plate; 404. Enclosed sleeve; 405. Pull sleeve; 406. First spring; 407. Moving rod; 5. Guide mechanism; 501. Guide seat; 502. Guide plate; 503. Abutment roller; 504. Telescopic rod; 505. Second spring; 506. Drive motor; 6. Hinge block. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction, including a transport vehicle body 1, with a fence mechanism 3 installed at both ends of the transport vehicle body 1, and a base plate 2 rotatably connected between the two fence mechanisms 3, with multiple suspension mechanisms 4 arrayed on the top of the base plate 2, and a guide mechanism 5 installed on one side of the fence mechanism 3 on the traveling side.

[0038] The fence mechanism 3 includes multiple fence slots 301, and a moving part 302 is provided on one side of the multiple fence slots 301 in the same row. The moving parts 302 on both sides can move closer to each other. The moving part 302 moves to drive the fence slots 301 to adjust the relative gap. The fence slots 301 are rotatably connected to one side of the moving part 302. The unloading is carried out by adjusting the abutment guide angle through the rotation of the fence slots 301.

[0039] The bottom of the movable part 302 is connected to a slide rod 310. The bottom end of the slide rod 310 is connected to a third electric push rod 311 through a plate. The slide rod 310 is fitted with a movable sleeve 308, and the movable sleeve 308 is externally mounted on the movable seat 312. The top two sides of the movable seat 312 are provided with sliding grooves. The movable sleeve 308 is slidably connected to the sliding groove. A second electric push rod 309 is connected to one side of the movable sleeve 308. The second electric push rod 309 is connected to a groove on one side of the inner cavity of the sliding groove. Both sides of the movable seat 312 are connected to lead screw seats 313. A linear module 314 is externally driven to the lead screw seats 313. The linear module 314 is installed on the top of the transport vehicle body 1.

[0040] A rod passes through the moving part 302 and is connected to a connecting rod 303 on one side of the fence groove 301. The rod is rotatably connected to one side of the moving part 302. A drive rod 304 is rotatably connected between multiple connecting rods 303. A drive block 305 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive rod 304. A first electric push rod 306 is connected to the bottom of the drive block 305. A fixed block 307 is connected to the bottom of the first electric push rod 306. The fixed block 307 is connected to the outside of the moving part 302.

[0041] The base plate 2 has hinge slots at both ends on both sides, and hinge blocks 6 are rotatably connected in the hinge slots. The hinge blocks 6 are connected to one side of the corresponding movable seat 312.

[0042] Specifically, the designed transport vehicle 1 can run in the tunnel by a rail traction machine or a traction locomotive. When it moves to the narrow area at the end of the tunnel, it can control the second electric push rod 309 to pull the moving sleeve 308 to slide in the chute. The size of the cavity of the moving sleeve 308 should allow the slide rod 310 to slide axially without lateral displacement. When the moving sleeve 308 moves, it can drive the top moving part 302 to move. After the two moving parts 302 move towards each other, they can drive the fence groove 301 to move closer to each other. At this time, the fence groove 301 can adjust the relative distance of the front guide mechanism 5, which is beneficial to meet the material drop guidance in the narrow area by adjusting the distance of the fence groove 301 and meet the unloading needs in the narrow area.

[0043] Furthermore, through the designed movable seat 312, the movable seat 312 can be lifted and moved under the drive of the linear module 314 via the lead screw seats 313 on both sides. And through the relative movement of the two movable seats 312, the base plate 2 and the suspension mechanism 4 can be tilted. This is beneficial for the material at the outer limit of the suspension mechanism 4 to slide and fall to the traveling side after the tilt angle is set. Thus, the movable seat 312 can form an inclined unloading channel, which facilitates the rapid unloading of materials.

[0044] Meanwhile, the designed fence groove 301 can control the extension of the first electric push rod 306 to drive the drive block 305 to move. The movement of the drive block 305 can drive the drive rod 304 and multiple connecting rods 303 hinged on one side to move. The movement of one end of the connecting rod 303 can drive the other end to rotate around the fence groove 301. After the first electric push rod 306 extends, it can drive the fence groove 301 to rotate around the rod body. After the fence groove 301 rotates, the orientation of the inclined surface on one side can be adjusted. When the inclined surface of the fence groove 301 is in a vertical position with the end of the material, it can abut and limit the end of the material to prevent the material from slipping during transportation. Furthermore, when loading and unloading materials, by adjusting the inclined surface of the fence groove 301 to a horizontal position, the contact angle between the inclined surface of the fence groove 301 and the material can be adjusted, making it easier to guide the material to slide forward through the inclined fence groove 301, thus improving the unloading adaptability.

[0045] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 6 The suspension mechanism 4 includes a support column 401, a plurality of hanging rods 402 are equidistantly connected on one side of the support column 401 along the axial direction, and a force-receiving plate 403 is connected to the outside of the hanging rods 402. A closed sleeve 404 is slidably connected to the outside of the support column 401, and the closed sleeve 404 is connected to the top of the bottom plate 2 at the corresponding position.

[0046] A sliding hole is provided on one side of the inner cavity of the closed sleeve 404, and a moving rod 407 is slidably connected in the sliding hole. A pull sleeve 405 is connected to the end of the moving rod 407. The pull sleeve 405 is sleeved on the moving rod 407 at the corresponding position. A first spring 406 is sleeved on the outer wall of the moving rod 407. The two ends of the first spring 406 are respectively connected to the corresponding positions of one side of the inner cavity of the closed sleeve 404 and one side of the pull sleeve 405.

[0047] Specifically, through the designed suspension mechanism 4, when the material is placed between the suspension mechanisms 4, the material can be placed between the scraper and the force plate 403 at the corresponding position. The material can be plate-shaped or tubular. When the material is placed between the two side support columns 401, the support column 401 can slide on the moving rod 407 through the bottom pull sleeve 405. The movement of the moving rod 407 can compress the external first spring 406. The first spring 406 can use its own elasticity to drive the pull sleeve 405 and the top support column 401 to move inward. This is beneficial to clamping and limiting the material by the mutual approach of the two side support columns 401, improving the stability of the material assembly, and avoiding shaking during the material transportation process.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 and Figures 7-8The guiding mechanism 5 includes a guide seat 501, which is connected to one side of the moving part 302 at the corresponding position. The inner cavity of the guide seat 501 is rotatably connected to a guide plate 502 via a shaft. The bottom end of the shaft is connected to a drive motor 506, which is installed on the bottom side of the guide seat 501. A plurality of abutting rollers 503 are arranged in an array along the width direction on one side of the guide plate 502. A plurality of grooves are arranged in an array on one side of the guide plate 502. Telescopic rods 504 are connected to both ends of one side of the abutting rollers 503. The other end of the telescopic rods 504 is connected to one side of the inner cavity of the groove. A second spring 505 is sleeved on the outer wall of the telescopic rods 504. The two ends of the second spring 505 are respectively connected to the abutting rollers 503 and the corresponding positions of one side of the inner cavity of the groove.

[0049] Specifically, through the designed guide mechanism 5, when the two movable seats 312 move relative to each other, the base plate 2 can be tilted. When the base plate 2 is tilted, the material can be slid by the tilting of the top suspension mechanism 4. When the sliding material moves to the front guide mechanism 5, the output shaft of the drive motor 506 rotates, which can drive the shaft to rotate and make the guide plate 502 rotate. After the two guide plates 502 rotate and approach each other, the material can be discharged to the narrow external area by the abutting guidance of the guide plate 502. When the guide plate 502 rotates and approaches, it can adjust to adapt to the relative position of the external discharge area. When the material contacts the guide plate 502, the material can contact the abutting roller 503 on one side of the guide plate 502. The abutting roller 503 can absorb the contact impact by rotating, improving the material guiding and discharge effect.

[0050] Furthermore, the abutment roller 503 can squeeze the telescopic rod 504 when it moves, and the telescopic rod 504 can pull the external second spring 505 when it is squeezed. The second spring 505 can use its own elasticity to further absorb the impact when guiding the material, thereby improving the impact energy absorption effect during the material feeding process.

[0051] Working principle: When in use, the transport vehicle 1 can run in the tunnel by a rail traction machine or a traction locomotive, and when it moves to the narrow area at the end of the tunnel, it can pull the moving sleeve 308 to slide in the chute by controlling the second electric push rod 309. When the moving sleeve 308 moves, it can drive the top moving part 302 to move. After the two moving parts 302 move towards each other, they can drive the fence groove 301 to move closer to each other. At this time, the fence groove 301 can adjust the relative distance of the front guide mechanism 5.

[0052] The movable seat 312 can be lifted and moved by the linear module 314 driven by the lead screw seats 313 on both sides. The relative movement of the movable seats 312 on both sides can make the base plate 2 and the suspension mechanism 4 tilt. This is beneficial for the material that is limited outside the suspension mechanism 4 to slide and fall to the traveling side after the tilt angle is set. The movable seat 312 can form an inclined unloading channel.

[0053] By controlling the extension of the first electric push rod 306, the drive block 305 is moved. The movement of the drive block 305 can drive the drive rod 304 and multiple connecting rods 303 hinged on one side to move. The movement of one end of the connecting rod 303 can drive the other end to rotate around the fence groove 301. After the first electric push rod 306 is extended, it can drive the fence groove 301 to rotate around the rod body. After the fence groove 301 rotates, the orientation of the inclined surface on one side can be adjusted. When the inclined surface of the fence groove 301 is in a vertical position with the end of the material, it can abut and limit the end of the material to prevent the material from slipping during transportation.

[0054] When the material is placed between the suspension mechanisms 4, it can be positioned between the scraper and the force plate 403 at the corresponding positions. The material can be plate-shaped or tubular. When the material is placed between the two support columns 401, the support column 401 can slide on the moving rod 407 via the bottom pull sleeve 405. The movement of the moving rod 407 can compress the external first spring 406. The first spring 406 can use its own elasticity to drive the pull sleeve 405 and the top support column 401 to move inward. When the two moving seats 312 move relative to each other, the bottom plate 2 can tilt. When the bottom plate 2 tilts, it can cause the material to slide by tilting the top suspension mechanism 4. When the sliding material moves to the front guide mechanism 5, the output shaft of the drive motor 506 rotates, which can drive the shaft to rotate and cause the guide plate 502 to rotate. After the two guide plates 502 rotate and approach each other, the material can be fed into the narrow external area by the abutment guidance of the guide plate 502.

[0055] In this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "linking" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction, comprising a transport vehicle (1), characterized in that, The transport vehicle body (1) is equipped with a fence mechanism (3) at both ends, and a base plate (2) is rotatably connected between the fence mechanisms (3) on both sides. Multiple suspension mechanisms (4) are arrayed on the top of the base plate (2), and a guide mechanism (5) is installed on one side of the fence mechanism (3) on the traveling side. The fence mechanism (3) includes multiple fence slots (301), and each of the multiple fence slots (301) in the same row has a moving part (302) on one side. The moving parts (302) on both sides can move closer to each other. The moving part (302) moves to drive the fence slots (301) to adjust the relative gap. The fence slots (301) are rotatably connected to one side of the moving part (302). The unloading is carried out by adjusting the abutment guide angle through the rotation of the fence slots (301).

2. The material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the movable part (302) is connected to a slide rod (310). The bottom end of the slide rod (310) is connected to a third electric push rod (311) through a plate. The slide rod (310) is fitted with a movable sleeve (308). The movable sleeve (308) is externally mounted on a movable seat (312). The top two sides of the movable seat (312) are provided with sliding grooves. The movable sleeve (308) is slidably connected to the sliding groove. The movable sleeve (308) is connected to a second electric push rod (309) on one side. The second electric push rod (309) is connected to a groove on one side of the inner cavity of the sliding groove. The movable seat (312) is connected to a lead screw seat (313) on both sides. The lead screw seat (313) is externally connected to a linear module (314). The linear module (314) is mounted on the top of the transport vehicle body (1).

3. The material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fence groove (301) has a rod that passes through the moving part (302) and is connected to a connecting rod (303) on one side. A drive rod (304) is rotatably connected between multiple connecting rods (303). A drive block (305) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive rod (304). A first electric push rod (306) is connected to the bottom of the drive block (305). A fixed block (307) is connected to the bottom of the first electric push rod (306). The fixed block (307) is connected to the outside of the moving part (302).

4. The material loading and unloading equipment for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom plate (2) has hinge slots at both ends on both sides, and hinge blocks (6) are rotatably connected in the hinge slots, and the hinge blocks (6) are connected to one side of the corresponding movable seat (312).

5. A material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suspension mechanism (4) includes a support column (401), and a plurality of hanging rods (402) are equidistantly connected on one side of the support column (401) along the axial direction. A force-bearing plate (403) is connected to the outside of the hanging rods (402). A closed sleeve (404) is slidably connected to the outside of the support column (401), and the closed sleeve (404) is connected to the top of the bottom plate (2) at the corresponding position.

6. A material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction according to claim 5, characterized in that, A sliding hole is provided on one side of the inner cavity of the closed sleeve (404), and a moving rod (407) is slidably connected in the sliding hole. A pull sleeve (405) is connected to the end of the moving rod (407). The pull sleeve (405) is sleeved on the outside of the moving rod (407) at the corresponding position. A first spring (406) is sleeved on the outer wall of the moving rod (407). The two ends of the first spring (406) are respectively connected to the corresponding positions of one side of the inner cavity of the closed sleeve (404) and one side of the pull sleeve (405).

7. A material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism (5) includes a guide seat (501), which is connected to one side of the moving part (302) at the corresponding position. The inner cavity of the guide seat (501) is rotatably connected to a guide plate (502) via a shaft. A drive motor (506) is connected to the bottom end of the shaft. The drive motor (506) is installed on the bottom side of the guide seat (501), and multiple abutment rollers (503) are arranged in an array along the width direction on one side of the guide plate (502).

8. A material loading and unloading device for tunnel construction according to claim 7, characterized in that, The guide plate (502) has multiple grooves arrayed on one side, and both ends of the abutment roller (503) are connected to telescopic rods (504), and the other end of the telescopic rods (504) is connected to one side of the groove cavity. The outer wall of the telescopic rods (504) is fitted with a second spring (505), and both ends of the second spring (505) are connected to the abutment roller (503) and the corresponding position of one side of the groove cavity, respectively.

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