Group string type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a string type immersed nickel-metal hydride energy storage system which comprises a battery pack, and the battery pack is internally provided with a space for containing cooling liquid. The fire-fighting assembly comprises a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a fire-fighting conveying pipe and a spray head, the composite detector is electrically connected with the fire extinguisher body, the fire-fighting conveying pipe is connected with the fire extinguisher body and the spray head, the composite detector is installed on the outer side of the battery pack, and the spray head points to the battery pack; the liquid cooling assembly comprises a liquid cooling unit and a liquid cooling pipeline, the liquid cooling pipeline comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe, the main pipe is connected with the liquid cooling unit and the battery pack, the two ends of the branch pipe are connected with the main pipe respectively, and the branch pipe wraps or winds the fire-fighting conveying pipe. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of high response speed and uniform cooling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and in particular to a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] Existing mainstream lithium-ion energy storage cabinets have significant limitations. Their low charge and discharge rates prevent them from achieving high-rate charge and discharge operations. They also often struggle to meet real-time requirements for conditions requiring rapid response, such as grid frequency regulation. This significantly limits their application in highly dynamic scenarios. In stark contrast, nickel-metal hydride batteries, with their unique electrochemical properties, offer significant advantages: high energy density, enabling them to store more energy within a limited space. Furthermore, their discharge rates can reach over 15C. Battery packs composed of nickel-metal hydride batteries offer high charge and discharge rates and fast response speeds. These batteries offer irreplaceable advantages over lithium-ion energy storage systems in core performance metrics such as the millisecond-level power regulation and rapid power response required for grid frequency regulation, providing a viable path to addressing energy storage needs in highly dynamic scenarios.

[0003] However, in the existing energy storage technology system, the design defects of the cooling system have become a key bottleneck that restricts the performance of the battery. The liquid cooling plate cooling method used in conventional battery packs can only effectively cool the battery cells that are in direct contact with the liquid cooling plate, while the heat of other battery cells inside the battery pack needs to be indirectly transferred to the liquid cooling plate through heat conduction, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency. This uneven cooling method directly causes significant temperature differences between the battery cells in the battery pack, which in turn causes problems such as inconsistent internal resistance of the battery cells and imbalance in charge and discharge performance. In long-term operation, it will seriously shorten the battery life and increase system maintenance costs. It may even cause safety hazards due to local overheating, and it is impossible to fully realize the performance potential of nickel-hydrogen batteries in high-rate charge and discharge scenarios. Therefore, the problems of slow response speed of lithium battery energy storage cabinets and uneven cooling of conventional liquid cooling methods in the existing technology need to be solved urgently. In view of this, a string-type immersion nickel-hydrogen energy storage system is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system to solve the problems pointed out in the background technology.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system, comprising: A battery pack, wherein the battery pack has a space for accommodating a coolant; a firefighting assembly, the firefighting assembly comprising a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a firefighting delivery pipe, and a nozzle, the composite detector being electrically connected to the fire extinguisher body, the firefighting delivery pipe connecting the fire extinguisher body and the nozzle, the composite detector being mounted outside the battery pack, and the nozzle pointing toward the battery pack; A liquid cooling component includes a liquid cooling unit and a liquid cooling pipe. The liquid cooling pipe includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. The main pipe connects the liquid cooling unit and the battery pack. The two ends of the branch pipe are respectively connected to the main pipe. The branch pipe is covered or wrapped around the fire delivery pipe.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, a first electrically controlled valve and a second electrically controlled valve are respectively provided at both ends of the branch pipe.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid cooling component also includes a gas storage device, which includes a gas storage container and a gas pipeline. The gas storage container is arranged on the gas pipeline, and the two ends of the gas pipeline are connected to the branch pipe. The two ends of the gas pipeline are respectively provided with a third electrically controlled valve and a fourth electrically controlled valve.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the branch pipe includes a plurality of subdivided pipes, and the plurality of subdivided pipes are arranged in a straight line.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a capacitive sensor is provided at the end of the branch pipe for sensing the state of the substance in the branch pipe.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the gas storage container is configured as an air bag.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the main pipe is provided with an adjustment section, the adjustment section is provided with at least one adjustment opening, and a gravity block is provided in the adjustment opening.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a connecting ring is provided on the adjusting opening, a sealing cover is provided on the connecting ring, and the sealing cover is connected to the connecting ring through threads.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the fire extinguisher body is a non-pressure storage type perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid cooling unit includes a unit water supply pipe, a unit return pipe, a compressor, a condenser, an electronic expansion valve, a condensing fan, a plate heat exchanger, an electric heater, a circulating water pump, an expansion tank, a return water pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a quick-connect chuck. The main pipe is connected to the unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe through the quick-connect chuck. The unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe are connected to the plate heat exchanger to form a circulation loop. The unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe are respectively provided with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor. The circulating water pump and the expansion tank are arranged on the unit return pipe. The electric heater is connected to the unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe. The condenser, compressor, plate heat exchanger and electronic expansion valve are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop. The condensing fan is arranged corresponding to the condenser.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system, which realizes the organic integration of multiple technical effects through the coordinated design of various components. Among them, the design of the liquid cooling component breaks the limitations of the conventional liquid cooling plate cooling method. By directly passing the coolant into the interior of the battery pack, the battery cells are completely immersed in the coolant, thereby achieving direct and uniform cooling of all battery cells. This design solves the problem of low heat exchange efficiency caused by the traditional liquid cooling method that can only cool the battery cells that are in direct contact with the liquid cooling plate and the internal battery cells need to transfer heat indirectly. It greatly reduces the temperature difference between the battery cells in the battery pack, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of inconsistent internal resistance of the battery cells and imbalance in charge and discharge performance caused by uneven temperature. It not only extends the service life of the battery and reduces the maintenance cost of the long-term operation of the system, but also eliminates the safety hazards that may be caused by local overheating.

[0016] At the same time, in the setting of the fire protection component, the composite detector can monitor the fire environment around the battery pack in real time. Once an alarm is detected, it can immediately form an electrical linkage with the fire extinguisher body, and transport the fire extinguishing medium to the nozzle pointing to the battery pack through the fire protection delivery pipe, so as to quickly and accurately extinguish the battery pack, effectively curb the spread of fire, and ensure the safety of system operation.

[0017] The provision of branches in the liquid cooling pipeline further enhances the functionality and reliability of the system. The branches are connected to the main pipe at both ends. By covering or wrapping around the fire delivery pipe, coolant can be passed through to efficiently cool the fire delivery pipe in the event of a fire, preventing the fire delivery pipe from being damaged by high temperature, ensuring the stable operation of the fire protection system in an emergency, and guaranteeing the smooth delivery of the fire extinguishing medium.

[0018] In addition, the branch pipes can be flexibly connected to other components with cooling requirements, further expanding the application scope of the cooling system and improving the cooling efficiency and adaptability of the entire system. This enables the energy storage system to form synergistic advantages in terms of performance, safety assurance, and function expansion, and comprehensively optimizes the overall performance of the energy storage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention relates to a schematic diagram of the coordination structure of the main pipe and branch pipe of a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0020] Figure 2 The present invention relates to a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a branch pipe of a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0021] Figure 3 The present invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of a fire protection component of a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0022] Figure 4 The present invention relates to a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a branch pipe and a fire protection delivery pipe of a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0023] Figure 5 The present invention relates to a structural diagram of a small cabinet implemented in a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0024] Figure 6 The present invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of an outdoor cabinet implemented by a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0025] Figure 7 The present invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of a main regulating section of a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0026] Figure 8 The present invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of a liquid cooling unit of a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0027] In the picture

[0028] Battery pack 1; main pipe 2; regulating section 3; regulating opening 4; gravity block 5; connecting ring 6; sealing cover 7; branch pipe 8; subdividing pipe 9; capacitive sensor 10; first electrically controlled valve 11; second electrically controlled valve 12; gas storage container 13; gas transmission pipeline 14; third electrically controlled valve 15; fourth electrically controlled valve 16; unit water supply pipeline 17; unit return pipeline 18; compressor 19; condenser 20; electronic expansion valve 21; condensing fan 22; plate heat exchanger 23; electric heater 24; circulating water pump 25; expansion tank 26; temperature sensor 27; pressure sensor 28; quick-connect chuck 29; composite detector 30; fire extinguisher body 31; fire delivery pipe 32; sprinkler 33. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to this embodiment as needed. However, as long as such modifications are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system includes: A battery pack 1, wherein the battery pack 1 has a space for accommodating a coolant; A firefighting assembly, comprising a composite detector 30, a fire extinguisher body 31, a fire delivery pipe 32, and a nozzle 33. The composite detector 30 is electrically connected to the fire extinguisher body 31, the fire delivery pipe 32 connects the fire extinguisher body 31 and the nozzle 33, the composite detector 30 is mounted outside the battery pack 1, and the nozzle 33 is directed toward the battery pack 1; Liquid cooling assembly, the liquid cooling assembly includes a liquid cooling unit and a liquid cooling pipe, the liquid cooling pipe includes a main pipe 2 and a branch pipe 8, the main pipe 2 connects the liquid cooling unit and the battery pack 1, the two ends of the branch pipe 8 are respectively connected to the main pipe 2, and the branch pipe 8 is covered or wrapped around the fire delivery pipe 32.

[0032] A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system of this embodiment realizes the organic integration of multiple technical effects through the coordinated design of various components. Among them, the design of the liquid cooling component breaks the limitations of the conventional liquid cooling plate cooling method. By directly passing the coolant into the interior of the battery pack 1, the battery cells are completely immersed in the coolant, thereby achieving direct and uniform cooling of all battery cells. This design solves the problem of low heat exchange efficiency caused by the traditional liquid cooling method that can only cool the battery cells that are in direct contact with the liquid cooling plate and the internal battery cells need to transfer heat indirectly. It greatly reduces the temperature difference between the battery cells in the battery pack, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of inconsistent internal resistance of the battery cells and imbalance of charge and discharge performance caused by uneven temperature. It not only extends the service life of the battery and reduces the maintenance cost of the long-term operation of the system, but also eliminates the safety hazards that may be caused by local overheating.

[0033] At the same time, in the setting of the fire protection component, the composite detector 30 can monitor the fire environment around the battery pack 1 in real time. Once an alarm is detected, it can immediately form an electrical linkage with the fire extinguisher body 31, and transport the fire extinguishing medium to the nozzle 33 pointing to the battery pack 1 through the fire protection delivery pipe 32, so as to quickly and accurately extinguish the fire of the battery pack 1, effectively curb the spread of fire, and ensure the safety of system operation.

[0034] The arrangement of the branch pipe 8 in the liquid cooling pipe further improves the functionality and reliability of the system. The branch pipe 8 is connected to the main pipe 2 at both ends and is wrapped around the fire delivery pipe 32. In the event of a fire, the fire delivery pipe 32 can be efficiently cooled by introducing cooling liquid, avoiding damage to the fire delivery pipe 32 due to high temperature, ensuring stable operation of the fire extinguishing system in emergency situations, and ensuring smooth delivery of fire extinguishing medium.

[0035] In addition, the branch pipe 8 can also be flexibly connected to other components with cooling requirements, further expanding the application range of the cooling system and improving the cooling efficiency and adaptability of the entire system. The energy storage system has synergistic advantages in performance, safety, and function expansion, and the overall performance of the energy storage system is optimized.

[0036] Further, the branch pipe 8 is provided with a first electric control valve 11 and a second electric control valve 12 at both ends, which controls the opening and closing of the branch pipe 8, so that the cooling liquid can be introduced into the branch pipe 8 according to different alarm levels. Specifically, in this embodiment, there are first-level alarm and second-level alarm. The first-level alarm indicates a potential safety hazard, and the second-level alarm indicates a real fire. The first electric control valve 11 and the second electric control valve 12 at both ends of the branch pipe 8 can precisely control the opening and closing of the branch pipe 8 to adapt to the cooling liquid supply demand under different alarm levels and realize flexible allocation of cooling resources. When the system triggers a first-level alarm, indicating a potential safety hazard, the two electric control valves are opened to pre-introduce cooling liquid into the branch pipe 8, preparing for possible emergency situations and ensuring that the fire delivery pipe 32 is in good pre-cooling state. If the alarm is later lifted, the valves are closed and the cooling liquid in the branch pipe 8 is discharged, allowing the cooling liquid to be used entirely for cooling the battery pack 1, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and improving the operating efficiency of the cooling system. When a second-level alarm is triggered, indicating a real fire, the first electric control valve 11 and the second electric control valve 12 are kept open while the fire extinguisher body 31 sprays fire extinguishing agent through the fire delivery pipe 32 to the nozzle 33, continuously introducing cooling liquid into the branch pipe 8 to continuously cool the fire delivery pipe 32, effectively preventing the fire delivery pipe 32 from being damaged by high temperature due to fire, ensuring stable delivery of fire extinguishing medium and efficient execution of fire extinguishing action. This design dynamically controls the opening and closing of the branch pipe 8 according to the alarm level, meets the cooling requirements under different dangerous situations, realizes rational use of resources, and further improves the safety and economy of the entire energy storage system.

[0037] To maintain the system's tightness and achieve smooth internal circulation, the liquid cooling assembly also includes a gas storage device, comprising a gas container 13 and a gas pipeline 14. The gas container 13 is mounted on the gas pipeline 14, with both ends of the gas pipeline 14 connected to the branch pipe 8. A third electrically controlled valve 15 and a fourth electrically controlled valve 16 are respectively installed at each end of the gas pipeline 14. The coordinated action of the gas container 13, gas pipeline 14, and the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16, together with the branch pipe 8 and the first and second electrically controlled valves 12, forms a linkage mechanism, effectively ensuring the system's tightness and enabling precise control and efficient flow of the coolant within the branch pipe 8. Initially, the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16 are open, while the first and second electrically controlled valves 12 are closed. This creates an annular channel between the branch pipe 8 and the gas pipeline 14, connecting them to the gas container 13 and establishing a tight seal for the subsequent flow of coolant. When a level one alarm is triggered, the first, third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16 are opened and the second electrically controlled valve 12 is closed, and the coolant flows from the main pipe 2 into the branch pipe 8. The gas in the branch pipe 8 is squeezed into the gas pipeline 14 by the delivery pressure and finally stored in the gas storage container 13. After the coolant fills the branch pipe 8, the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16 are closed to seal the gas in the gas pipeline 14, and then the second electrically controlled valve 12 is opened to allow the coolant to flow in the branch pipe 8. This ensures the pre-cooling preparation of the fire delivery pipe 32 during the level one alarm, and avoids coolant leakage through the closed channel design, thereby maintaining the smoothness of the circulation within the system. If the level 1 alarm is lifted and not upgraded to a level 2 alarm, after a preset 10 minutes, the system controls the closing of the first electrically controlled valve 11 and the simultaneous opening of the second, third, and fourth electrically controlled valves 16. This uses the air pressure stored in the gas pipeline 14 to rapidly drain the coolant from the branch pipe 8. Once the coolant is completely drained, the second electrically controlled valve 12 is closed. This process not only efficiently recovers the coolant through air pressure, allowing it to be reused for cooling the battery pack 1 and avoiding resource waste, but also simplifies the operational process through orderly valve control, eliminating the need for additional power devices to complete coolant drainage and improving system control convenience. Overall, the coordination of the gas storage device and the electrically controlled valves ensures system airtightness and smooth internal circulation while enabling precise control of the coolant flow in and out of the branch pipe 8 under different operating conditions. This not only meets the cooling requirements under different alarm levels, but also improves the system's operational efficiency and economic efficiency through air pressure drive and valve regulation, further optimizing the stability and adaptability of the entire energy storage system.

[0038] To maintain system stability, as the coolant enters branch pipe 8, the opening of first electrically controlled valve 11 is gradually increased from a small opening to a large opening. This allows the coolant to flow smoothly into branch pipe 8, avoiding the impact of a sudden influx of coolant on the pipeline. This effectively reduces the risk of damage to the pipeline due to sudden stress, and provides effective pipeline protection. Furthermore, this gradual adjustment of the opening allows the coolant flow from main pipe 2 to branch pipe 8 to change more gradually, preventing sudden fluctuations in flow from disrupting the operational stability of the entire cooling system. This ensures a smooth transition of parameters such as pressure and flow within the cooling system, and prevents large fluctuations in the system that could affect the normal cooling function. Furthermore, as the coolant is discharged from branch pipe 8, the openings of third and fourth electrically controlled valves 15 and 16 are gradually increased, allowing the air pressure in gas pipeline 14 to gradually intervene, making the process of coolant discharge more stable. This avoids sudden pressure fluctuations in the pipeline caused by a sudden release of air pressure, and similarly effectively reduces system fluctuations. This refined control of valve opening achieves a smooth transition in both coolant inlet and outlet processes, which not only protects the pipelines and related components and extends their service life, but more importantly ensures the stable operation of the entire energy storage system during the coolant regulation process, avoiding adverse effects on the charging and discharging performance of the nickel-metal hydride batteries, the cooling effect, and the response reliability of the fire-fighting components due to system fluctuations, further improving the overall stability and safety of the system.

[0039] In this embodiment, nitrogen is stored in gas storage container 13. This nitrogen has good stability, which prevents it from mixing with the coolant or producing harmful substances during the coolant discharge process. This ensures the coolant's purity is not affected, facilitates coolant recycling, and maintains the cooling system's efficient cooling performance. Furthermore, even in high-temperature environments that may occur in the system, the nitrogen does not decompose or expand abnormally due to temperature increases. It maintains a stable pressure, ensuring controllable and consistent pressure during coolant discharge, ensuring smooth and complete coolant discharge from branch pipe 8, and avoiding problems such as incomplete discharge or pipeline impact caused by unstable pressure.

[0040] The branch pipe 8 includes a plurality of subdivided pipes 9, and the plurality of subdivided pipes 9 are arranged in a straight line. The branch pipe 8 is composed of a plurality of subdivided pipes 9 arranged in a straight line. This design has significant advantages in terms of cooling effect and coolant discharge efficiency. From the cooling effect point of view, the slender characteristics of the subdivided pipe 9 enable it to fit more closely to the surface of the cooling object. Compared with a single thicker branch pipe 8, it can greatly increase the contact area with the cooling object, allowing the coolant to more fully exchange heat with the cooling object when flowing in the subdivided pipe 9, avoiding the problems of local loose fitting and insufficient heat exchange caused by thicker pipes, thereby significantly improving the cooling efficiency, ensuring that the temperature of each part of the cooling object is more uniform, and further strengthening the cooling protection effect on components such as the fire delivery pipe 32, providing more reliable protection for the stable operation of the fire protection system in a high temperature environment. From the perspective of coolant discharge, the smaller diameter of subdividing tube 9 reduces the residual space within the tube when coolant is discharged using air pressure. This allows the air pressure to act more evenly and thoroughly on the coolant, pushing it along the inner wall of subdividing tube 9, effectively reducing the amount of coolant remaining within the tube and achieving more complete and exhaustive discharge. This design not only optimizes cooling performance and ensures maximum cooling effect, but also improves efficiency in the coolant recovery process, avoiding resource waste. Furthermore, the reduced residual volume reduces potential risks such as corrosion or freezing caused by coolant retention within the pipeline, extending the pipeline's service life and making the entire system more efficient and stable during the cooling and drainage process.

[0041] The cross section of the subdividing tube 9 can be set to a rectangular cross section or a circular cross section.

[0042] A capacitive sensor 10 is installed at the end of branch pipe 8 to sense the state of the material in branch pipe 8. This sensor accurately senses the presence of coolant in branch pipe 8 and monitors the material state in real time. This provides timely feedback on the coolant's fullness or exhaustion status, providing accurate information for the opening and closing of the electronically controlled valve, ensuring precise control of the coolant's introduction and discharge processes.

[0043] Furthermore, the main pipe 2 is provided with an adjustment section 3, which includes at least one adjustment opening 4, and a weight block 5 is disposed within the adjustment opening 4. When coolant enters the branch pipe 8, the weight block 5 gradually descends, occupying more of the internal space of the main pipe 2. This reduces the effective storage space within the main pipe 2, avoids pressure imbalance caused by a sudden decrease in coolant flow within the main pipe 2 due to branch pipe 8 diversion, and ensures the stability of the main pipe 2 in delivering coolant to the battery pack 1. When coolant is discharged from the branch pipe 8, the weight block 5 gradually rises, reducing its occupation of the internal space of the main pipe 2 and increasing the effective capacity of the main pipe 2 to accommodate flow changes caused by coolant backflow and avoid excessive pressure within the main pipe 2. This design of the weight block 5, which automatically adjusts to the flow state of the coolant, achieves adaptive adjustment of the capacity of the main pipe 2 by balancing its own gravity and liquid flow pressure without the need for additional power. This effectively buffers fluctuations in the flow and pressure of the main pipe 2 caused by coolant entering and exiting the branch pipe 8, ensuring the smooth operation of the entire liquid cooling system.

[0044] In order to achieve the closure of the opening, a connecting ring 6 is provided on the adjusting opening, and a sealing cover 7 is provided on the connecting ring 6, and the sealing cover 7 is connected to the connecting ring 6 by threads. The connecting ring 6 provided on the adjusting opening is connected to the sealing cover 7 by threads, which can reliably achieve the closure of the opening, effectively prevent the coolant from leaking from the adjusting opening during the flow in the main pipe 2, ensure the airtightness of the liquid cooling system, ensure that the coolant can circulate smoothly according to the designed path, and maintain the pressure stability in the system. At the same time, the threaded connection method facilitates the disassembly and installation of the sealing cover 7, provides convenience for the inspection, replacement and other maintenance operations of the gravity block 5, and ensures the reliability of the sealing effect while taking into account the convenience of system maintenance.

[0045] In this embodiment, the fire extinguisher body 31 is a non-pressure storage perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device. Perfluorohexanone has high fire extinguishing efficiency and can quickly suppress fires. It is also environmentally friendly, has no ozone depletion effects, and has a low greenhouse gas potential. The non-pressure storage design eliminates the need for high-pressure storage, reduces the risk of leakage and explosion, and makes storage and maintenance more convenient. It is highly compatible with the safety requirements of energy storage systems and effectively ensures the fire safety of the battery pack 1.

[0046] In this embodiment, the liquid cooling unit includes a unit water supply pipe 17, a unit return pipe 18, a compressor 19, a condenser 20, an electronic expansion valve 21, a condensing fan 22, a plate heat exchanger 23, an electric heater 24, a circulating water pump 25, an expansion tank 26, a return water pressure sensor 28, a temperature sensor 27, a pressure sensor 28 and a quick-connect chuck 29. The main pipe 2 is connected to the unit water supply pipe 17 and the unit return pipe 18 through the quick-connect chuck 29. The unit water supply pipe 17 and the unit return pipe 18 are connected to the plate The unit water supply pipe 17 and the unit water return pipe 18 are respectively provided with the temperature sensor 27 and the pressure sensor 28. The circulating water pump 25 and the expansion tank 26 are provided on the unit water return pipe 18. The electric heater 24 is connected to the unit water supply pipe 17 and the unit water return pipe 18. The condenser 20, the compressor 19, the plate heat exchanger 23, and the electronic expansion valve 21 are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop. The condensing fan 22 is provided corresponding to the condenser 20. The liquid cooling unit achieves efficient temperature control and energy exchange through these two circulation loops. In the refrigeration cycle, the compressor 19 compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas and discharges it into the condenser 20; the condensing fan 22 accelerates the air flow, causing the refrigerant to release heat and liquefy in the condenser 20; the liquid refrigerant enters the plate heat exchanger 23 after throttling and reducing the pressure through the electronic expansion valve 21, absorbs the heat of the coolant and vaporizes, thereby cooling the coolant; the vaporized refrigerant is again sucked into the compressor 19, forming a closed-loop circulation.

[0047] During the cooling cycle, the circulating water pump 25 drives the coolant from the unit's return water pipe 18 into the plate heat exchanger 23. After exchanging heat with the refrigerant, the temperature drops and the coolant is transported to the main pipe 2 through the unit's water supply pipe 17, entering the battery pack 1 for cooling. After absorbing heat, the coolant flows back from the unit's return water pipe 18, forming a cycle. The expansion tank 26 is used to balance system pressure fluctuations and ensure a stable cycle. The electric heater 24 can heat the coolant in low-temperature environments to maintain the system temperature within an appropriate range. The temperature sensor 27 and pressure sensor 28 monitor the coolant parameters in real time, providing data support for system control. The quick-connect chuck 29 facilitates the rapid connection and removal of the main pipe 2 from the unit, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0048] This design enables the liquid cooling unit to precisely control the coolant temperature, ensuring that the battery pack 1 operates within the optimal operating temperature range, effectively extending battery life. The efficient heat exchange efficiency improves the system response speed and meets the needs of high-rate charging and discharging. The dual cycles operate independently and collaborate with each other, enhancing system stability and reliability. The modular structure and intelligent monitoring reduce maintenance difficulty and cost, and comprehensively optimize the overall performance of the energy storage system.

[0049] This embodiment includes a string-type submerged nickel-metal hydride energy storage system with the following configuration: the nickel-metal hydride battery energy storage system includes a battery compartment, an electrical compartment, a PCS compartment, and a liquid cooling unit compartment. Its main components include a battery pack (Pack), a battery cluster (Rack), and a battery compartment (Container). The battery packs are assembled to form a battery cluster, and the battery cells in the battery pack are nickel-metal hydride batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.2V, a nominal capacity of 6000mAh, and an AC internal resistance of 1.0mΩ. The battery packs are 288S3P in size, with a voltage of 345.6V, a capacity of 18Ah, and an energy of 6.22kWh. The battery clusters are 2S1P in size, with one 115KWPCS per cluster. The PCS DC voltage range is DC630-950V, and the AC side is AC400V. The wiring method is 3L+PE, and the AC side is connected to the grid after being converged to a circuit breaker. The battery stack is composed of 1S8p. The energy storage system's battery compartment is a non-standard modular cabinet (4.200mm × 1500mm × 2500mm, WDH). It features waterproofing, heat insulation, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, sand resistance, shock resistance, and UV protection, achieving an IP54 rating. The system is also equipped with a battery management system (BMS), EMS, and a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system to prevent overcharging and discharging, effectively manage battery charge and discharge, and ensure stable and reliable operation of the battery system. The BMS's protection logic is as follows: when a battery cluster alarms, the BMS controls the corresponding actions. A level 1 alarm triggers a warning, a level 2 alarm reduces power, and a level 3 alarm shuts down the system. The BMS communicates with the PCS via CAN, the EMU via RS485, and the battery BMS module within the system via CAN. Battery voltage is input to the BMS module via a data acquisition harness. The PCS's protection logic includes the following: The PCS will shut down if it fails and report a fault signal to the EMU; when the available SOC transmitted by the BMS to the PCS falls below the set value, the PCS will output zero power; the PCS will shut down upon receiving an external shutdown command; and every four PCSs form a unit, with internal data communication and interaction conducted via CAN and RS485. As the system's communication hub, the EMU connects to all communication devices via network and serial ports, communicating with other system equipment to achieve reliable, reasonable, and comprehensive monitoring, measurement, and control of the energy storage power station. It also possesses telecontrol functions such as telemetry, telesignaling, teleadjustment, and remote control, enabling information collection, information collation and aggregation, alarm protection, automatic control, historical data recording, and event logging. It also supports demand control mode, peak-valley mode, and planned curve mode. EMU can convert other power system protocols into protocols that can be recognized by the background and parse and display them. It can realize functions such as information transmission and synthesis between various automation devices, intelligent instruments, etc. and the system main computer. It can also be used as a master control substation and front-end machine of the integrated automation system, and is suitable for various scenarios such as cloud platforms and microgrids.In terms of fire protection, the fire extinguishing system includes a fire alarm controller, detection module, fire extinguishing execution device, fire extinguishing agent delivery pipeline, nozzle and detection / main control harness, etc., which can realize low-power real-time monitoring, accurate early warning, and timely intervention in fire extinguishing functions. A fire alarm controller is installed inside the cabinet to receive detector data and upload it to the BMS and the linked fire extinguishing device according to the detection situation. The detection device is divided into battery pack level and cabinet level, and is composed of a composite detector that integrates four detection elements: CO, VOC, temperature and smoke. The battery pack level detection device is external and installed on the outside of the battery pack; the cabinet level detection device is installed on the top of the battery pack area. When the composite detector detects a fire hazard, it will trigger an alarm signal and report it to the fire alarm controller, which will then link the fire extinguishing device. The execution subsystem employs both in-cabinet and battery pack fire suppression methods and consists of a fire extinguishing actuator, a non-pressure-storage perfluorohexanone (PFH) fire extinguishing device, battery pack-level nozzles, suppression piping, and accessory accessories. The fire extinguishing actuator is installed above the batteries in the battery cabinet. The in-cabinet fire extinguishing device is a non-pressure-storage perfluorohexanone (PFH) fire extinguishing device. The battery pack-level nozzles are mounted directly outside the battery pack, with the nozzles facing the pack. The execution subsystem is a single-shot perfluorohexanone (PFH) fire extinguishing device capable of both single-shot in-cabinet and multiple-shot in-pack fire extinguishing. Its alarm and activation logic is as follows: When the four-in-one composite detector in the cabinet issues a level 1 alarm signal, the detector increases its sampling frequency, and the fire alarm controller uploads the level 1 alarm information via CAN. Upon receiving a level 2 alarm signal, the fire alarm controller initiates the fire extinguishing process, activating the non-pressure-storage perfluorohexanone (PFH) fire extinguishing device. When the battery pack-level composite detector reaches a zero-level alarm, the detector increases its sampling frequency, the controller records the alarm information, and no external signal is output. When the level 1 alarm is reached, the location of the safety hazard is determined, the fire alarm controller issues a warning, and transmits the data to the BMS. When the level 2 alarm is reached, the fire alarm controller initiates the fire extinguishing process, activating the suppression device within 0-30 seconds (the time is adjustable), and spraying the battery cluster with perfluorohexanone three times according to the set program. Specifically, the first stage is a single spray, dispensing 1 kg of fire extinguishing agent, and then stopping. The second stage is a second spray, dispensing 1 kg of fire extinguishing agent every 15 minutes for the next 30 minutes. In addition, the energy storage cabinet adopts an external maintenance mode, with two clusters, each containing eight battery packs. The liquid cooling circuit is connected in parallel, with adjacent battery packs connected in series. Each branch is independently monitored by a flow meter to ensure balanced coolant flow rate and volume across the battery packs. Table 1 below shows the fire alarm level logic.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Table 2 below is the PACK-level fire alarm logic table: Table 2

[0052] The insulation detection device monitors leakage and insulation conditions on the AC side of the system and communicates with the EMU. Its protection logic employs a two-level categorized alarm system. Severe conditions (alarms) trigger system shutdown and upload alarm signals. Upon triggering, this information is transmitted to the EMU via R485 communication. A passive contact signal is also output to the system status indicator. The water ingress detection device monitors water ingress on the system's busbar side and communicates with the EMU. Upon triggering, this information is transmitted to the EMU via R485 communication. A passive contact signal is also output to the system status indicator, which then reports an alarm. The dehumidifier monitors the environmental conditions in the busbar compartment of the distribution room on the busbar side of the system and communicates with the EMU. A dehumidifier is installed in the busbar compartment, but not in the battery compartment. Upon triggering the set temperature and humidity action values, the unit transmits this information to the EMU via R485 communication, which then reports an alarm. Its protection logic employs software-based alarm reporting in the event of an abnormality or fault. Protection threshold settings are pre-configured, and parameter settings can be written to Flash memory (retained upon power failure). The meter communicates with the EMU via RS485. In the event of anomalies or faults, the software reports alarm (fault) information. Its DI and DO interfaces are reserved for future use. Wireless temperature measurement measures the busbar temperature. At 40°C, the dehumidifier activates and controls the exhaust fan. After 60°C for 30 seconds, the EMU reduces system power. After 80°C for 10 seconds, the system shuts down. The power system consists of eight clusters, each connected to a PCS via a high-voltage box. The outputs of the eight parallel PCSs are combined via a copper busbar and then connected to the circuit breaker, where they are then connected to the grid via a transformer.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used solely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "include," "comprise," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitation, elements defined by the phrase "include..." or "comprising..." do not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device comprising the elements. Furthermore, in this document, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the number itself; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the number itself.

[0054] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and application of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to the embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system, characterized in that: include: A battery pack, wherein the battery pack has a space for accommodating a coolant; a firefighting assembly, the firefighting assembly comprising a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a firefighting delivery pipe, and a nozzle, the composite detector being electrically connected to the fire extinguisher body, the firefighting delivery pipe connecting the fire extinguisher body and the nozzle, the composite detector being mounted outside the battery pack, and the nozzle pointing toward the battery pack; A liquid cooling component includes a liquid cooling unit and a liquid cooling pipe. The liquid cooling pipe includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. The main pipe connects the liquid cooling unit and the battery pack. The two ends of the branch pipe are respectively connected to the main pipe. The branch pipe is covered or wrapped around the fire delivery pipe.

2. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the branch pipe are respectively provided with a first electrically controlled valve and a second electrically controlled valve.

3. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid cooling assembly also includes a gas storage device, which includes a gas storage container and a gas pipeline. The gas storage container is arranged on the gas pipeline, and the two ends of the gas pipeline are connected to the branch pipe. The two ends of the gas pipeline are respectively provided with a third electrically controlled valve and a fourth electrically controlled valve.

4. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The branch pipe includes a plurality of subdivided pipes, and the plurality of subdivided pipes are arranged in a straight line.

5. The string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A capacitive sensor is provided at the end of the branch pipe for sensing the state of the substance in the branch pipe.

6. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gas storage container is configured as an air bag.

7. The string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main pipe is provided with an adjustment section, the adjustment section is provided with at least one adjustment opening, and a gravity block is provided in the adjustment opening.

8. The string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A connecting ring is provided on the adjusting opening, a sealing cover is provided on the connecting ring, and the sealing cover is connected to the connecting ring through threads.

9. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The fire extinguisher body is a non-pressure storage type perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device.

10. A string-type immersed nickel-hydrogen energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The liquid cooling unit includes a unit water supply pipe, a unit return pipe, a compressor, a condenser, an electronic expansion valve, a condensing fan, a plate heat exchanger, an electric heater, a circulating water pump, an expansion tank, a return water pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a quick-connect chuck. The main pipe is connected to the unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe through the quick-connect chuck. The unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe are connected to the plate heat exchanger to form a circulation loop. The unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe are respectively provided with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor. The circulating water pump and the expansion tank are arranged on the unit return pipe. The electric heater is connected to the unit water supply pipe and the unit return pipe. The condenser, compressor, plate heat exchanger and electronic expansion valve are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop. The condensing fan is arranged corresponding to the condenser.

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