Lotus root residue extract and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a lotus root residue extract. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, gelatinizing lotus root residues at 65-95 DEG C for 5-10 minutes; s2, a first enzyme composition containing amylase and saccharifying enzyme is added, the amylase is added according to 32-320 million U / kg of the lotus root residues, and the saccharifying enzyme is added according to 14-136 million U / kg of the lotus root residues; s3, raising the temperature to be not lower than 80 DEG C until the enzyme is inactivated; s4, cooling to 50-60 DEG C, and then adding a second enzyme composition containing one or more of pectinase, lysozyme, cellulase, xylanase or hemicellulase; and S5, carrying out heat preservation and enzymolysis for 4-48 hours. The lotus root residue IDF is directionally modified through a specific enzymolysis process, the micro-pore structure and surface active group distribution of the lotus root residue IDF are effectively regulated and controlled, and the water holding capacity and the oil holding capacity of the obtained IDF powder are greatly improved. According to the improvement, the volume and the lubricity of the excrement are enhanced through a physical expansion effect, and the intestinal environment regulation capability is enhanced by improving the fiber-lipid interaction, so that the method shows higher bowel relaxing efficiency than a traditional treatment process in animal experiments.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of dietary fiber modification, and relates to a lotus root residue deep processing method and a product thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The promoting effect of dietary fiber on human health has gradually attracted attention from the academic community since the late last century. With the in-depth study of nutrition, the status of dietary fiber as a functional food ingredient has been continuously improved. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) has shown significant advantages in improving intestinal function due to its unique physical properties. The related research has experienced a gradual development from observing macroscopic effects to analyzing microscopic mechanisms. Early research mainly focused on the basic function of IDF in achieving physical laxation by increasing fecal volume and stimulating intestinal wall peristalsis. The research results in this stage laid the theoretical foundation for IDF in preventing constipation and other digestive diseases. With the advancement of analytical techniques, subsequent research gradually revealed the internal relationship between the surface chemical groups of IDF and the water and oil holding capacity, and recognized the decisive role of fiber microstructure in its functional characteristics, which provided a new direction for the development of dietary fiber modification technology.

[0003] In the process of developing dietary fiber resources, traditional raw materials such as cereal bran have long dominated the market, but their functional properties are limited by the inherent composition characteristics. At the same time, the potential value of a large number of agricultural processing by-products has long been neglected, among which lotus root residue is particularly typical. After processing such as slicing and powdering, lotus root residue, which accounts for about 30% of the weight of the raw material, is generated (Preparation of Lotus Root Residue Soluble Dietary Fiber Based on Response Surface and Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm Optimization Liquid Fermentation). It is mainly composed of broken cell wall material and rich in IDF components. Although early research has confirmed that lotus root residue IDF has the material basis for improving intestinal function, in practical applications, most lotus root residue is still treated as waste, and only a small amount is used for low-value-added products after simple drying and pulverization.

[0004] The core reason for this resource waste is the functional defects of existing processing technology. Traditional processing methods usually use high-temperature drying combined with mechanical pulverization. Although this process can achieve the initial drying and particle size control of lotus root residue, the heat effect during processing leads to the densification of fiber structure, significantly weakening the inherent porous structure and surface active sites of IDF. Specifically, the water holding capacity of treated lotus root residue IDF is not greater than 6.58 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is less than 4.73 g / g (Extraction Process of Lotus Root Residue Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Analysis of Its Physicochemical Properties). More importantly, the conventional process fails to establish a directional regulation relationship between the structural characteristics of IDF and physiological functions, resulting in significant fluctuations in the laxative effect of the final product, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of the food industry for the stability of functional ingredients.

[0005] The current technical system has two key bottlenecks in the utilization of lotus root residue: first, at the basic research level, the interaction mechanism of lotus root residue IDF components and other coexisting substances (glue, residual starch) is not well understood, which leads to the inability of existing processes to achieve selective purification and structural optimization of fiber components; second, at the application technology level, there is a lack of targeted enhancement means for the water and oil holding properties of IDF, and existing enzymatic or modification methods often lead to excessive degradation of fiber molecules or irreversible loss of functional groups. These problems jointly restrict the application level of lotus root residue IDF in functional foods, making this resource unable to break through the application category of low-end raw materials. Therefore, developing a processing method that can precisely regulate the structural properties of lotus root residue IDF and maintain its functional stability has become a key technical breakthrough for increasing the added value of agricultural by-products.

[0006] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in the understanding of those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the inventors have studied a large number of literatures and patents when making the present invention, but due to the limited space, all the details and contents are not listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of the prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art in the background art. SUMMARY

[0007] Based on the above technical problems, the present application relates to a preparation method of lotus root residue extract, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: 65-95℃ lotus root residue gelatinization for 5-10min;

[0009] S2: adding a first enzyme composition comprising amylase and glucoamylase, wherein the amylase is added at 320-3200 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and the glucoamylase is added at 14-136 million U / kg of lotus root residue;

[0010] S3: heating to not less than 80℃ to inactivate the enzyme;

[0011] S4: after cooling to 50-60℃, adding a second enzyme composition comprising one or more of 1000-1200 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme, 30-120 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase, 40-240 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase, 50-300 million U / kg of lotus root residue of hemicellulase, or 30-180 million U / kg of lotus root residue of pectinase;

[0012] S5: enzyme hydrolysis for 4-48h.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the second enzyme composition is selected from the following group:

[0014] 60000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme and 240 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase;

[0015] 30000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme, 30 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase, 120 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase and 75 million U / kg of lotus root residue of hemicellulase;

[0016] 60000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme and 60 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase

[0017] 60 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase and 240 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase;

[0018] 40000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme, 40 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase and 160 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase;

[0019] 180 million U / kg of lotus root residue of pectinase;

[0020] 120000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme;

[0021] 120 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase;

[0022] 30000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme, 30 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase, 120 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase and 75 million U / kg of lotus root residue of hemicellulase;

[0023] 300 million U / kg of lotus root residue of hemicellulase; or

[0024] 120000 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme, 24 million U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase, 96 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase, 60 million U / kg of lotus root residue of hemicellulase and 36 million U / kg of lotus root residue of pectinase.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, when the pasting temperature is 65-90℃, S2: cooling to 50-65℃, adding amylase at 32-320 million U / kg of lotus root residue and adding saccharifying enzyme at 14-136 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and incubating for 30-200 min;

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, when the pasting temperature is 90-95℃, S2: adding amylase at 180-280 million U / kg of lotus root residue, incubating for 20-40 min, cooling to 60-62℃, adding saccharifying enzyme at 60-100 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and incubating for 300-400 min.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, S4: after cooling to 50-60℃, 100-200 million U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme and 40-80 million U / kg lotus root residue xylanase are added, and incubated for 8-16h; and then re-inject 100 million U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme and 40-100 million U / kg lotus root residue xylanase.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, S4: after cooling to 50-60℃, 100-200 million U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme, 40-80 million U / kg lotus root residue xylanase, 200 million U / kg lotus root residue cellulase and 500 million U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase are added, and incubated for 8-16h; and then re-inject 100 million U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme, 400 million U / kg lotus root residue xylanase, 100 million U / kg lotus root residue cellulase, 250 million U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase and 150 million U / kg lotus root residue pectinase.

[0029] Another aspect of the present application also relates to the use of the enzyme composition in improving the water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of lotus root residue, the enzyme composition comprising a first enzyme composition and a second enzyme composition,

[0030] The first enzyme composition is 32-320 million U / kg lotus root residue amylase and 14-136 million U / kg lotus root residue glucoamylase;

[0031] The second enzyme composition is selected from one or more of 10,000-120,000 million U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme, 30-120 million U / kg lotus root residue cellulase, 40-240 million U / kg lotus root residue xylanase, 50-300 million U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase or 30-180 million U / kg lotus root residue pectinase.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the first enzyme composition is 320,000 U / kg lotus root residue amylase and 14 million U / kg lotus root residue glucoamylase;

[0033] The second enzyme composition is 600 million U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme and 240 million U / kg lotus root residue xylanase.

[0034] Another aspect of the present application also relates to the use of the lotus root residue extract prepared based on the above-mentioned preparation method in food, medicine or health products, which can lubricate the intestines and defecate.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, "lubricating the intestines and defecating" includes promoting intestinal peristalsis, increasing stool volume or softening stool.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the intake amount of lotus root residue extract is 5-15g / day.

[0037] Another aspect of the present application also relates to a lotus root prebiotic dietary fiber formula powder, comprising 10 parts by weight of lotus root residue extract prepared based on the above preparation method, 1-5 parts by weight of blueberry freeze-dried powder and 0.5-3 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide. Preferably, it contains 10 parts by weight of lotus root residue extract prepared based on the above preparation method, 1 part by weight of blueberry freeze-dried powder and 3 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide. Preferably, it contains 10 parts by weight of lotus root residue extract prepared based on the above preparation method, 2.5 parts by weight of blueberry freeze-dried powder and 2 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide. Preferably, it contains 10 parts by weight of lotus root residue extract prepared based on the above preparation method, 5 parts by weight of blueberry freeze-dried powder and 0.5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the technical solution include the following three aspects.

[0039] (1) Significant improvement of functional properties: Through specific enzymatic process for directional modification of lotus root residue IDF, the micro-pore structure and surface active group distribution are effectively controlled, so that the water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of the obtained IDF powder are greatly improved (from about 10 g / g to about 30 g / g). This improvement not only enhances the fecal volume and lubricity through physical expansion, but also strengthens the intestinal environment regulation ability through improving the fiber-lipid interaction, thereby showing higher intestinal lubrication and defecation efficiency in animal experiments (the first defecation time is improved by about 35%, and the first defecation weight is improved by about 40%).

[0040] (2) Synergistic effect of resource utilization and environmental protection: For the million tons of lotus root residue waste generated by lotus root processing industry every year, the present application breaks through the traditional waste material and converts it into high value-added functional raw material, which improves the comprehensive utilization rate of lotus root residue, and avoids the COD pollution and carbon emission problems caused by traditional landfill or incineration treatment, forming a circular economy mode of "waste into treasure".

[0041] (3) Enhanced applicability in multiple fields: The modified lotus root residue IDF powder, with its optimized functional properties, can be directly used as a functional base material to develop solid beverages and baked foods with intestinal lubrication and defecation efficacy in the health food field, to form intestinal microecological regulation preparations by compounding with prebiotics in the medical field, and to improve the absorption rate of nutrients by animals as a feed additive in the agricultural field. Its porous structure can also be used for the development of soil water and fertilizer retention materials. These application breakthroughs mark the leapfrog upgrade of lotus root residue resources from low-end raw materials to high-value products.

[0042] Drawings of the specification

[0043] Figure 1 The composition detection results of the raw material Chengjiang lotus root residue sample;

[0044] Figure 2 The enzyme hydrolysis composition detection results of the raw material Chengjiang lotus root residue sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In the description of the present application, the terms are used only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0046] The detection method of water holding capacity involved in the following examples is as follows:

[0047] Take 0.5 g of fiber powder (i.e. the IDF obtained at the end of the example), add 10 mL of deionized water, place in a shaking table at 220 rpm at 35℃ for 24 h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min, discard the supernatant, and weigh to calculate the water holding capacity.

[0048] The detection method of water holding capacity involved in the following examples is as follows:

[0049] Take 0.5 g of fiber powder (i.e. the IDF obtained at the end of the example), add 10 mL of soybean oil, place in a shaking table at 220 rpm at 35℃ for 24 h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min, discard the oil on top, and weigh to calculate the oil holding capacity.

[0050] To ensure the quality of IDF, the enzyme hydrolysis conditions in the experiment can make the iodine solution not change color.

[0051] According to the exploration of lotus root residue components according to the present application, it is found that the nutritional component content of lotus root residue is 2.04% of protein, 28.9% of starch, 9.2% of moisture, 0.6% of fat, and 60.08% of dietary fiber, among which the alcohol-soluble water-soluble dietary fiber is 18.65%, the alcohol-insoluble water-soluble dietary fiber is 3.80%, and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is 37.63%. It can be seen that the IDF dry matter content in the raw material lotus root residue is 41.44% (excluding moisture 9.2%), and the relevant test results are shown in the test report. Figure 1

[0052] At present, the high-temperature-resistant alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, pectinase, xylanase, cellulase, hemicellulase and lysozyme involved in the following examples are common enzymes in the field of food, medicine and health products. The enzymes involved in the following examples are as follows.

[0053] 1. Lysozyme: Nanning Pangbo Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 20,000 U / mg.

[0054] 2. Glucoamylase: solarbio company, enzyme activity: ≥100,000 u / g.

[0055] 3. Cellulase: Nanning Pangbo Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 20,000 u / g.

[0056] ​4. Medium temperature alpha-amylase: Nanning Pobio Bioengineering Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 20000u / g; High temperature resistant alpha-amylase: Shandong Longkete Enzyme Preparation Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 20000u / g.

[0057] 5. Hemicellulase: Xi Sheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 50000u / g.

[0058] 6. Xylanase (wide PH value): Xi Sheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 80000u / g.

[0059] 7. Pectinase: Nanning Pobio Bioengineering Co., Ltd., enzyme activity: 30000u / g.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Take 1.5 kg lotus root residue powder, add 25 L water, stir and heat to 90℃ for gelatinization for 15 min, cool to 65℃, add medium temperature alpha-amylase 800,000 U / kg lotus root residue, add glucoamylase 340,000 U / kg lotus root residue, and incubate and stir for 30 min. Then, heat to 90℃ for 30 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0062] After the saccharification treatment is completed, cool to 60℃, add lysozyme 300,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue, cellulase 300,000 U / kg lotus root residue, xylanase 1,200,000 U / kg lotus root residue, and hemicellulase 750,000 U / kg lotus root residue, and incubate and stir for 30 h.

[0063] Take the lower layer of the precipitate, squeeze and filter with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth to remove excess water. Dry and crush the precipitate to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0064] The IDF yield is 43.7%. After deducting 4.6% of the water, the IDF dry matter yield is 45.81%. Compared with the calculated IDF dry matter content of 41.44% in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate is 110.53%. The measured water holding capacity of the IDF is 28.63 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 26.57 g / g.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Take 1.5 kg lotus root residue powder, add 25 L water, stir and heat to 90℃ for gelatinization for 15 min, cool to 65℃, add medium temperature alpha-amylase 800,000 U / kg lotus root residue, add glucoamylase 340,000 U / kg lotus root residue, and incubate and stir for 30 min. Then, heat to 90℃ for 30 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0067] After the saccharification process is completed, the temperature is lowered to 55°C, 600 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the lysosome, and 6 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the cellulase. The temperature is maintained for 10-2. The stirring is performed for 24 h, and the standing is performed for 24 h.

[0068] The lower precipitate part is removed, and the excess water is removed by extrusion filtration with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. The precipitate is dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0069] The IDF yield is 45.98%. After deducting 4.6% of the water, the IDF dry matter yield is 48.19%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate is 116.29%. The IDF water holding capacity is 28.33 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 26.68 g / g.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder is taken, 25 L of water is added, and the stirring is heated to 85°C for gelatinization for 15 min. The temperature is lowered to 65°C, 32 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the mesophilic alpha-amylase, and 14 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the saccharifying enzyme. The temperature is maintained for 30 min. Subsequently, the temperature is raised to 85°C for 25 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0072] After the saccharification process is completed, the temperature is lowered to 55°C, 600 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the lysosome, and 6 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the cellulase. The temperature is maintained for 10-2. The stirring is performed for 24 h, and the standing is performed for 24 h.

[0073] The lower precipitate part is removed, and the excess water is removed by extrusion filtration with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. The precipitate is dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0074] The IDF yield is 45.98%, and the IDF dry matter yield is 46.10% after deducting about 4.6% of the water. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate is 111.24%. The IDF water holding capacity is 34.11 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 30.94 g / g.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder is taken, 35 L of water is added, and the stirring is heated to 95°C for gelatinization for 5 min. 280 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the high-temperature-resistant alpha-amylase, and the stirring is performed for 20 min. The temperature is lowered to 60°C, 100 million U / kg lotus root residue is added to the saccharifying enzyme, and the temperature is maintained for 400 min. Subsequently, the temperature is raised to 95°C for 18 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0077] After saccharification, cool to 55°C and add pectinase at a rate of 1.8 million units per kg of lotus root residue. Keep warm and stir for 24 hours. Aspirate the supernatant and add 2 times the volume of 95% ethanol to the precipitate. After allowing it to settle, centrifuge and dry it to remove excess water.

[0078] The precipitate is dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0079] The IDF yield was 39.32%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield was 41.22%. Compared to the calculated IDF dry matter content of 41.44% in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 99.46%. The IDF had a water holding capacity of 29.52 g / g and an oil holding capacity of 26.25 g / g.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] Take 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder, add 30 L of water, stir and heat to 90°C for gelatinization for 10 minutes. Add 1.8 million U / kg of heat-resistant α-amylase and stir for 40 minutes. Cool to 62°C, add saccharifying enzyme at 600,000 U / kg of lotus root residue, and stir for 300 minutes. Then, heat to 90°C and keep warm for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme.

[0082] After saccharification, cool to 55°C, add lysozyme at 120,000 U / kg lotus root residue, keep warm and stir for 24 hours, and let it stand for 24 hours.

[0083] The lower precipitate was removed and squeezed through a 400-mesh nylon filter cloth to remove excess water. The precipitate was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0084] The IDF yield was 50.7%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield was 53.14%. Compared to the calculated IDF dry matter content of 41.44% in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 128.22%. The IDF had a water holding capacity of 28.60 g / g and an oil holding capacity of 25.57 g / g.

[0085] Example 6

[0086] Take 1.5kg of lotus root residue powder, add 25L of water, stir and heat to 85℃ for gelatinization for 15 minutes, cool to 65℃, add 320,000U / kg of lotus root residue of medium temperature α-amylase and 140,000U / kg of lotus root residue of saccharifying enzyme, keep warm and stir for 30 minutes. Then, heat to 85℃ and keep warm for 25 minutes to inactivate the enzymes.

[0087] After the saccharification treatment is completed, the temperature is lowered to 55°C, and cellulase is added at a rate of 1.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue. The mixture is stirred and kept warm for 24 hours, and then allowed to stand for 24 hours.

[0088] The lower sediment part was removed, and the excess water was removed by squeezing filtration with 200 mesh nylon filter cloth. The sediment was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0089] The IDF yield was 42.42%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield was 44.46%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 107.29%. The water holding capacity of the IDF was 29.53 g / g, and the oil holding capacity was 27.62 g / g.

[0090] Example 7

[0091] 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder was taken, 20 L of water was added, and the paste was heated to 75°C for 20 min, and then cooled to 55°C. 800,000 U / kg of lotus root residue of mesophilic alpha-amylase and 340,000 U / kg of lotus root residue of glucoamylase were added, and the mixture was stirred for 100 min. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 80°C for 30 min to inactivate the enzymes.

[0092] After the saccharification treatment was completed, the temperature was lowered to 55°C, 4.8 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 24 h and then left to stand for 24 h.

[0093] The lower sediment part was removed, and the excess water was removed by squeezing filtration with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. The sediment was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0094] The IDF yield was 39.95%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield was 41.87. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 101.04%. The water holding capacity of the IDF was 29.19 g / g, and the oil holding capacity was 27.00 g / g.

[0095] Example 8

[0096] 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder was taken, 15 L of water was added, and the paste was heated to 65°C for 30 min, and then cooled to 50°C. 3.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue of mesophilic alpha-amylase and 1.36 million U / kg of lotus root residue of glucoamylase were added, and the mixture was stirred for 200 min. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to boiling for 15 min to inactivate the enzymes.

[0097] After the saccharification treatment was completed, the temperature was lowered to about 55°C, 3 million U / kg of lotus root residue of hemicellulase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 24 h and then left to stand for 24 h.

[0098] The lower sediment part was removed, and the excess water was removed by squeezing filtration with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. The sediment was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0099] The IDF yield was 44.18%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield was 46.31%. Compared to the calculated IDF dry matter content of 41.44% in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 111.75%. The IDF had a water holding capacity of 29.91 g / g and an oil holding capacity of 27.86 g / g.

[0100] Example 9

[0101] Take 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder, add 35 L of water, stir and heat to 95°C for gelatinization for 5 minutes. Add 2.8 million U / kg of heat-resistant α-amylase and stir for 20 minutes. Cool to 60°C, add saccharifying enzyme at 1 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and stir for 400 minutes. Then, heat to 95°C and keep warm for 18 minutes to inactivate the enzyme.

[0102] After saccharification, the temperature was lowered to 55°C, and lysozyme and xylanase were added at a rate of 100 million U / kg and 400,000 U / kg, respectively. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 16 hours. Subsequently, lysozyme and xylanase were added at a rate of 500 million U / kg and 2 million U / kg, respectively. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 4 hours and allowed to stand for 24 hours.

[0103] The lower precipitate was removed and squeezed through a 400-mesh nylon filter cloth to remove excess water. The precipitate was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0104] The IDF yield was 41.52%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield was 43.52%. Compared to the calculated IDF dry matter content of 41.44% in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 105.01%. The IDF had a water holding capacity of 30.36 g / g and an oil holding capacity of 27.91 g / g.

[0105] Example 10

[0106] Take 1.5kg of lotus root residue powder, add 20L of water, stir and heat to 75℃ for gelatinization for 20 minutes, cool to 55℃, add 800,000U / kg of lotus root residue of medium temperature α-amylase and 340,000U / kg of lotus root residue of saccharifying enzyme, keep warm and stir for 100 minutes. Then, heat to 80℃ and keep warm for 30 minutes to inactivate the enzymes.

[0107] After the saccharification treatment is completed, the temperature is lowered to 55°C, and cellulase is added at 600,000 U / kg of lotus root residue and xylanase is added at 2.4 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 40 hours.

[0108] The lower precipitate was removed and squeezed through a 400-mesh nylon filter cloth to remove excess water. The precipitate was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0109] The IDF yield was 41.19%. After deducting 4.6% of moisture, the IDF dry matter yield was 43.18%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate was 104.18%. The water holding capacity of the IDF was 29.42 g / g, and the oil holding capacity was 27.50 g / g.

[0110] Example 11

[0111] Take 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder, add 15 L of water, stir and heat to 65 ℃ for gelatinization for 30 min, cool to 50 ℃, add 3.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue of medium temperature α-amylase, add 1.36 million U / kg of lotus root residue of glucoamylase, and keep warm and stir for 200 min. Then, heat to boiling (100 ℃) for 15 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0112] After the saccharification treatment is completed, cool to 50 ℃, add 400 million U / kg of lotus root residue of lysozyme, 400,000 U / kg of lotus root residue of cellulase, and 1.6 million U / kg of lotus root residue of xylanase, and keep warm and stir for 44 h.

[0113] Take the lower sediment part, squeeze and filter the excess water with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. Dry and crush the sediment to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0114] The IDF yield was 42.09%. After deducting 4.6% of moisture, the IDF dry matter yield was 44.12%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate was 106.46%. The water holding capacity of the IDF was 30.20 g / g, and the oil holding capacity was 28.36 g / g.

[0115] Example 12

[0116] Take 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder, add 35 L of water, stir and heat to 95 ℃ for gelatinization for 5 min, add 2.8 million U / kg of lotus root residue of high-temperature-resistant α-amylase, and stir for 20 min. Cool to 60 ℃, add 1 million U / kg of lotus root residue of glucoamylase, and keep warm and stir for 400 min. Then, heat to 95 ℃ for 18 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0117] After the saccharification treatment was completed, the temperature was reduced to 55°C, 300,000 U / kg lotus root residue pectinase was added, 200,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme was added, 200,000 U / kg lotus root residue cellulase was added, 800,000 U / kg lotus root residue xylanase was added, and 500,000 U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 8 h. Subsequently, 1,500,000 U / kg lotus root residue pectinase was added, 1,000,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme was added, 1,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue cellulase was added, 4,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue xylanase was added, and 2,500,000 U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 4 h.

[0118] The lower precipitate portion was removed, and the excess water was removed by extrusion filtration using 400-mesh nylon filter cloth. The precipitate was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0119] The IDF yield was 37.96%. After deducting 4.6% of the water, the IDF dry matter yield was 39.79%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 96.02%. The IDF water holding capacity was measured to be 31.36 g / g, and the oil holding capacity was 29.59 g / g.

[0120] Example 13

[0121] 1.5 kg of lotus root residue powder was taken, 30 L of water was added, and the mixture was heated to 90°C while stirring for gelatinization for 10 min. 180 million U / kg lotus root residue thermostable alpha-amylase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 40 min. The temperature was reduced to 62°C, 60 million U / kg lotus root residue saccharifying enzyme was added, and the mixture was stirred for 300 min. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 90°C for 20 min to inactivate the enzyme.

[0122] After the saccharification treatment was completed, the temperature was reduced to 55°C, 300,000 U / kg lotus root residue pectinase was added, 200,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme was added, 200,000 U / kg lotus root residue cellulase was added, 800,000 U / kg lotus root residue xylanase was added, and 500,000 U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 8 h. Subsequently, 1,500,000 U / kg lotus root residue pectinase was added, 1,000,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue lysozyme was added, 1,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue cellulase was added, 4,000,000 U / kg lotus root residue xylanase was added, and 2,500,000 U / kg lotus root residue hemicellulase was added, and the mixture was stirred for 4 h.

[0123] The lower precipitate portion was removed, and the excess water was removed by extrusion filtration using 400-mesh nylon filter cloth. The precipitate was dried and crushed to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0124] The IDF yield was 37.96%. After deducting 4.6% of the water, the IDF dry matter yield was 39.79%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate reached 96.02%. The IDF water holding capacity was measured to be 31.36 g / g, and the oil holding capacity was 29.59 g / g.

[0125] Comparative Example 1

[0126] Take 1.5 kg lotus root residue powder, add 25 L water, stir and heat to 85℃ for gelatinization for 15 min, cool to 65℃, add 320,000 U / kg lotus root residue of mesophilic alpha-amylase, add 140,000 U / kg lotus root residue of glucoamylase, and keep stirring for 30 min. Then, heat to 85℃ for 25 min to inactivate the enzymes.

[0127] Take the lower sediment part, and remove the excess water by extrusion filtration with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. Dry and crush the sediment to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0128] The IDF yield is 42.54%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield is 44.59%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate is 107.60%. The water holding capacity of the IDF is measured to be 9.92 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 6.92 g / g.

[0129] Comparative Example 2

[0130] Take 1.5 kg lotus root residue powder, add 25 L water, stir and heat to 85℃ for gelatinization for 15 min, cool to 65℃, add 320,000 U / kg lotus root residue of mesophilic alpha-amylase, add 140,000 U / kg lotus root residue of glucoamylase, and keep stirring for 30 min. Then, heat to 85℃ for 25 min to inactivate the enzymes.

[0131] After the saccharification treatment is completed, cool to 55℃, add 100 million U / kg lotus root residue of lysozyme, and add 100,000 U / kg lotus root residue of cellulase, and keep stirring for 24 h, and stand for 24 h.

[0132] Take the lower sediment part, and remove the excess water by extrusion filtration with 400 mesh nylon filter cloth. Dry and crush the sediment to obtain lotus root IDF.

[0133] The IDF yield is 42.54%. After deducting 4.6% of water, the IDF dry matter yield is 44.59%. Compared with the IDF dry matter content of 41.44% calculated in the raw material, the IDF dry matter extraction rate is 107.60%. The water holding capacity of the IDF is measured to be 9.92 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 6.92 g / g.

[0134] The IDF dry matter extraction rate of the examples is about 96-128%, which indicates that the extraction methods of examples 1-13 can completely extract IDF components from the raw material.

[0135] Table 1 is the detection parameters of the IDF of examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1 and 2.

[0136] Table 1

[0137]

[0138]

[0139] From Table 1, it can be seen that the water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of the IDF of the examples are greatly improved compared with the comparative example. The water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of the IDF involved in Example 3 are the highest, which are 34.11 g / g and 30.94 g / g, respectively.

[0140] Overall, after the degradation treatment of the first-stage amylase and the saccharifying enzyme, when the material liquid reaches the state of not changing color with iodine solution, the water holding capacity of the collected lotus root residue insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is 9.9-11.7 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 6.9-8.9 g / g. This result is basically consistent with the level reported in the existing literature (Li Xiaomeng. Lotus root residue dietary fiber drying, modification and application research[D]. Hebei Agricultural University, 2021. DOI: 10.27109 / d.cnki.ghbnu.2021.000636. The water holding capacity of lotus root residue is about 9-14 g / g, and the oil holding capacity is 6-10 g / g).

[0141] In contrast, by establishing a specific composite enzymatic process, the water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of the lotus root residue IDF are significantly improved. Finally, the water holding capacity of the obtained lotus root residue IDF can reach 34.1 g / g, and the oil holding capacity can reach 30.9 g / g. The sum of the water holding capacity and the oil holding capacity is as high as 65.0 g / g, which is far beyond the existing level in the same field.

[0142] Example 14

[0143] The lotus root IDF powder 10 parts, the blueberry freeze-dried powder 1 part, and the xylo-oligosaccharide 3 parts are mixed uniformly according to the weight ratio to prepare a lotus root prebiotic dietary fiber formula powder.

[0144] Example 15

[0145] The lotus root IDF powder 10 parts, the blueberry freeze-dried powder 2.5 parts, and the xylo-oligosaccharide 2 parts are mixed uniformly according to the weight ratio to prepare a lotus root dietary fiber formula powder with moderate sweetness and sourness.

[0146] Example 16

[0147] The lotus root IDF powder 10 parts, the blueberry freeze-dried powder 5 parts, and the xylo-oligosaccharide 0.5 parts are mixed uniformly according to the weight ratio to prepare a lotus root dietary fiber formula powder with rich blueberry fruit flavor.

[0148] Animal experiments are carried out based on the IDF involved in the examples of the present application.

[0149] Kunming mice are used as model animals in the experiment, and a constipation model is established to evaluate the effect of lotus root residue dietary fiber on lubricating the intestines and relieving constipation.

[0150] 1. Experimental animals

[0151] SPF level Kunming mice, body weight 18 ~ 22 g, 10 in each group. Mice in room temperature 22 ± 2 ℃, relative humidity 50 ± 5% of the environment, adaptive feeding 3 days before the experiment.

[0152] 2. Experimental method

[0153] According to the weight of the animals were randomly divided into blank control group, model group and each lotus root residue IDF group. Lotus root residue IDF is water-insoluble dietary fiber, using 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution prepared into suspension.

[0154] The blank control group and the model group were given carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution by gavage, and each lotus root residue IDF group was given 50 mg / mL of lotus root residue IDF suspension (gavage dose according to body weight 0.1 mL / 10 g), and fed for 14 d.

[0155] The mice were fasted for 16 h before being given compound diphenoxylate, and the next day the blank control group was given deionized water by gavage, and the model group and each drug group was given 10 mg / kg BW of compound diphenoxylate. 30 min later, the blank control group, model group was given ink (5% activated carbon powder and 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution were heated and boiled to give ink) by gavage, and each lotus root residue IDF group was given ink containing the test sample.

[0156] After administration, the mice were single-caged and the time of the first black stool, the number and weight of black stools within 6 h were recorded.

[0157] 3. Experimental results

[0158] Table 2 is the effect of lotus root residue dietary fiber on the defecation of constipated mice.

[0159] Table 2

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] * P < 0.05 compared with the blank control group, ** P < 0.001; # P < 0.05 compared with the model group, ## P < 0.001.

[0163] According to Table 1, compared with the model group, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (more than 248 min, 224 min, 206 min), the first black stool time of the mice of Examples 1, 2 and 3 (182 min, 173 min, 140 min) was greatly shortened. Compared with the model group, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the number and weight of black stools of the mice of Examples 1, 2 and 3 were greatly increased.

[0164] The experimental results show that lotus root residue IDF has a significant improvement effect on the defecation of constipated mice. From the data trend, the first black stool time of the model group is significantly longer than that of the blank control group, and the 6-hour defecation particle number and defecation weight are significantly lower than those of the blank control group, indicating that the compound diphenoxylate successfully induced the constipation model. Compared with the model group, the first black stool time of each lotus root residue group is significantly shortened. The time of the example group of lotus root residue IDF is further shortened, close to the level of the blank control group; at the same time, the 6-hour defecation particle number and defecation weight are significantly increased, and the defecation particle number and defecation weight of the example group are the highest, close to the level of the blank control group. The conclusion shows that lotus root residue IDF can significantly shorten the first black stool time of constipated mice, increase the defecation particle number and defecation weight, and has obvious intestinal lubrication and defecation effect.

[0165] In summary, the results of the lotus root residue of the present application show that the specific enzymatic process effectively improves the functional properties of lotus root residue IDF, and the application value in intestinal lubrication and defecation is significantly improved.

[0166] It should be noted that the above specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can think of various solutions under the inspiration of the disclosure content of the present application, and these solutions also belong to the disclosed range of the present application and fall within the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specification and drawings of the present application are illustrative and not constitute a limitation on the claims. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The following steps are involved: S1: Gelatinize lotus root residue at 65-95℃ for 5-10min; S2: adding a first enzyme composition comprising amylase and saccharifying enzyme, wherein amylase is added at 320,000 to 3.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and saccharifying enzyme is added at 140,000 to 1.36 million U / kg of lotus root residue; S3: heating to no less than 80°C until the enzyme is inactivated; S4: After cooling to 50-60° C., a second enzyme composition comprising one or more of lysozyme at 10,000-120,000 U / kg of lotus root residue, cellulase at 200,000-1.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue, xylanase at 400,000-4.8 million U / kg of lotus root residue, hemicellulase at 500,000-3 million U / kg of lotus root residue, or pectinase at 300,000-1.8 million U / kg of lotus root residue is added; S5: Keep warm and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 4 to 48 hours.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The second enzyme composition is selected from the group consisting of: 600 million U / kg of lysozyme and 2.4 million U / kg of xylanase; 300 million U / kg of lysozyme, 300,000 U / kg of cellulase, 1.2 million U / kg of xylanase, and 750,000 U / kg of hemicellulase; 600 million U / kg of lysozyme and 600,000 U / kg of cellulase; 600,000 U / kg of lotus root residue cellulase and 2.4 million U / kg of lotus root residue xylanase; 400 million U / kg of lysozyme, 400,000 U / kg of cellulase, and 1.6 million U / kg of xylanase; 1.8 million U / kg of lotus root residue pectinase; 120,000 U / kg of lysozyme from lotus root residue; 1.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue cellulase; 300 million U / kg of lysozyme, 300,000 U / kg of cellulase, 1.2 million U / kg of xylanase, and 750,000 U / kg of hemicellulase; 3 million U / kg hemicellulase from lotus root residue; or 240 million U / kg of lotus root residue as lysozyme, 240,000 U / kg of lotus root residue as cellulase, 960,000 U / kg of lotus root residue as xylanase, 600,000 U / kg of lotus root residue as hemicellulase and 360,000 U / kg of lotus root residue as pectinase.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the gelatinization temperature is 65-90°C, S2: cool to 50-65°C, add amylase at 320,000-3.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue and add saccharifying enzyme at 140,000-1.36 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and keep warm for 30-200 minutes.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the gelatinization temperature is 90-95°C, S2: add amylase at 1.8-2.8 million U / kg of lotus root residue, keep warm for 20-40 minutes, then cool to 60-62°C, add saccharifying enzyme at 600,000-1 million U / kg of lotus root residue, and keep warm for 300-400 minutes.

5. Application of an enzyme composition in improving the water and oil holding capacity of dietary fiber in lotus root residue, characterized in that: The enzyme composition comprises a first enzyme composition and a second enzyme composition, The first enzyme composition comprises 320,000 to 3.2 million U / kg of lotus root residue amylase and 140,000 to 1.36 million U / kg of lotus root residue saccharifying enzyme; The second enzyme composition is selected from one or more of the following: lysozyme of 10,000 to 120,000 U / kg lotus root residue, cellulase of 200,000 to 1.2 million U / kg lotus root residue, xylanase of 400,000 to 4.8 million U / kg lotus root residue, hemicellulase of 500,000 to 3 million U / kg lotus root residue, or pectinase of 300,000 to 1.8 million U / kg lotus root residue.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that The first enzyme composition comprises 320,000 U / kg of amylase and 140,000 U / kg of lotus root residue; The second enzyme composition is 600 million U / kg of lysozyme and 2.4 million U / kg of xylanase.

7. Use of the lotus root residue extract obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in food, medicine or health care products, characterized in that: The food, medicine or health product can moisten the intestines and promote bowel movements.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The "intestinal lubrication and laxative" includes promoting intestinal peristalsis, increasing stool volume or softening stool.

9. The use according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that The intake amount of the lotus root residue extract is 5 to 15 g / day.

10. A lotus root prebiotic dietary fiber formula powder, characterized in that: The invention comprises 10 parts by weight of lotus root residue extract prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 1 to 5 parts of blueberry freeze-dried powder and 0.5 to 3 parts of xylo-oligosaccharide.

Images