Rock breaking device based on laser-water jet, experimental device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock breaking device based on laser-water jet, an experimental device and a method, existing laser rock breaking and high-pressure water jet rock breaking are mutually coupled, so that high temperature generated by laser rock breaking and low temperature generated by water jet form a huge temperature difference on a rock sample to be broken, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. The rock breaking device comprises a water jet generator, a laser generating device and a laser water jet head, the laser water jet head comprises a fixed seat, a liquid storage cavity and a through hole allowing laser to pass through are formed in the fixed seat, and the transmitting end of the laser generating device is arranged at the end, away from the rock to be broken, of the through hole; the liquid outlet end of the water jet generator communicates with the liquid storage cavity, a plurality of jet holes penetrating through the liquid storage cavity are further formed in the fixing base, and the liquid drainage ends of the jet holes are all located at the end, close to the rock to be crushed, of the fixing base and evenly distributed along the circumferential side close to the jet holes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rock breaking, in particular to a rock breaking device based on laser-water jet, an experimental device and a method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Since the 1960s, people have explored high-efficiency rock breaking methods, and researched 25 new rock breaking methods such as electron beams, lasers, and water jets. Among them, laser rock breaking technology, as a safe and low-energy rock breaking technology, has attracted the attention of many scholars and has been widely researched and applied. However, there are many factors that affect the efficiency of laser rock breaking, such as laser power, irradiation time, and the molten glaze produced after laser irradiation of the rock sample, which will affect the efficiency of laser rock breaking. At the same time, high-pressure water jet technology, as a new type of cleaning and cutting technology, has also developed, achieving rock breaking of soft rock and medium-hard rock, and has been widely used in coal mines. However, when breaking hard rock, higher water jet pressure is required, which reduces the reliability and service life of the jet launching device system.

[0003] Therefore, how to establish a rock breaking device based on laser-water jet to eliminate the drawbacks of traditional high-pressure water jet technology and laser rock breaking technology and achieve rapid breaking of hard rock is of great significance for later engineering application. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a rock breaking device based on laser-water jet, an experimental device and a method to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A laser-water jet rock breaking device is disclosed, comprising a water jet generator, a laser generating device, and a laser water jet head. The laser water jet head comprises a fixed seat, the inside of the fixed seat has a liquid storage cavity, and a through hole for laser passage, and the emission end of the laser generating device is located at one end of the through hole away from the test cabin. The liquid outlet end of the water jet generator is connected to the liquid storage cavity. A plurality of jet holes passing through the liquid storage cavity are also provided on the fixed seat, and the liquid outlet ends of the plurality of jet holes are located at one end of the fixed seat close to the test cabin and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential side close to the jet hole. The top of the test cabin is provided with an avoidance hole for the entry of laser and water jet. The laser and water jet rock breaking method is combined by the setting of the laser water jet head, and the temperature difference stress is fully utilized to accelerate the rock breaking efficiency of the rock sample.

[0007] The rock breaking experimental device is characterized in that the laser water jet head is arranged, the existing laser rock breaking and high-pressure water jet rock breaking are coupled, the high temperature generated by the laser rock breaking and the low temperature generated by the water jet are combined, a huge temperature difference is formed, the temperature difference stress is fully utilized to improve the rock breaking efficiency, and hard rock is broken quickly.

[0008] Preferably, the optical platform is provided with a crushing table located directly below the avoiding hole, and the crushing table is used for adjusting the position of the rock sample to be broken, so that the rock breaking mechanism of different defocusing amounts and the rotating radius and rotating speed of the rock sample is researched.

[0009] Preferably, the rock breaking cover is provided with a power detection head, and the power detection head is used for measuring the power of the laser reflected on the rock sample, so as to measure the laser energy absorbed by the rock sample.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the test cabin is also provided with an imaging camera, an infrared temperature measuring instrument and an infrared imaging instrument, and the top of the rock breaking cover is also provided with glass windows matched with the imaging camera, the infrared temperature measuring instrument and the infrared imaging instrument respectively, so as to realize the monitoring and recording of the rock breaking conditions in the rock breaking process.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the rock breaking experimental device has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. The rock breaking experimental device disclosed by the application couples the existing laser rock breaking and high-pressure water jet rock breaking, combines the high temperature generated by the laser rock breaking and the low temperature generated by the water jet, forms a huge temperature difference, fully utilizes the temperature difference stress to improve the rock breaking efficiency, and realizes the quick breaking of hard rock.

[0013] 2. In the rock breaking process, the position of the rock sample can be flexibly adjusted through the crushing table arranged in the test cabin, and then the rock breaking mechanism of different defocusing amounts and the rotating radius and rotating speed of the rock sample is researched.

[0014] 3. In the rock breaking process, the power detection head is arranged to measure the power of the laser reflected on the rock sample in real time, so as to measure the laser energy absorbed by the rock sample for breaking, and the imaging camera, the infrared temperature measuring instrument and the infrared imaging instrument are arranged to realize the monitoring and recording of the rock breaking conditions in the rock breaking process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rock breaking device of the present invention and a rock breaking experimental device built based on the rock breaking device;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser water jet head of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of part A in the middle;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser water jet head of the present invention for outputting laser and water jet;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the test chamber of the present invention.

[0020] Figure identification: 1. Test chamber, 2. Water jet generator, 3. Laser generating device, 4. Laser water jet head, 41. Fixed seat, 42. Liquid storage chamber, 43. Through hole, 44. Jet hole, 11. Avoidance hole, 12. Learning platform, 13. Rock breaking cover, 14. Drainage hole, 15. Support leg, 16. Glass window, 5. Crushing table, 6. Power detection, 7. Imaging camera, 8. Infrared thermometer, 9. Infrared imager. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] like Figures 1-4 The laser-water jet rock breaking device shown includes a water jet generator 2, a laser generating device 3, and a laser water jet head 4. The laser water jet head 4 couples the water jet generator 2 and the laser generating device 3 to each other, allowing the laser and water jet to be generated simultaneously.

[0024] Specifically, the laser water jet head 4 includes a fixed seat 41, which has a liquid storage chamber 42 and a through hole 43 for the passage of laser light. The emitting end of the laser generating device 3 is arranged at the end of the through hole 43 away from the test chamber 1, and the liquid outlet end of the water jet generator 2 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 42. A plurality of jet holes 44 that pass through the liquid storage chamber 42 are also provided on the fixed seat 41, and the discharge ends of the plurality of jet holes 44 are all located at the end of the fixed seat 41 close to the test chamber 1, and are evenly distributed along the circumferential side close to the jet holes 44.

[0025] In implementation, the rock sample to be broken is placed in the test cabin 1, the operation state of the water jet generator 2 and the laser generating device 3 is controlled respectively, the laser generated by the laser generating device 3 and the water jet generated by the water jet generator 2 are used to break the rock sample to be broken by the laser water jet head 4. Specifically, the laser generated by the laser generating device 3 is sequentially through the through hole 43 and the avoiding hole 11 and then acts on the rock sample to be broken to realize laser rock breaking, the water jet generator 2 continuously injects water into the liquid storage cavity 42 to generate high-pressure water, the high-pressure water is guided by the jet hole 44 and also acts on the rock sample to be broken through the avoiding hole 11 to realize water jet rock breaking, the whole rock breaking process combines the traditional laser rock breaking and water jet rock breaking together, and uses the high temperature generated by the laser rock breaking and the low temperature generated by the water jet to form a large temperature difference on the rock sample to be broken, uses the temperature difference stress to improve the rock breaking efficiency, and then realizes the rapid breaking of hard rock.

[0026] Embodiment 2

[0027] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, the embodiment discloses a rock breaking experimental device based on laser-water jet, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5 It also includes a test cabin 1, the above-mentioned laser water jet head 4 is erected above the test cabin, the test cabin 1 is provided with an avoiding hole 11 at the top for the laser and water jet to enter, the test cabin 1 is formed by an optical platform 12 and a rock breaking cover 13 which is detachably placed on the optical platform 12, the avoiding hole 11 is provided on the rock breaking cover 13, the optical platform 12 is provided with a drain hole 14 and a supporting leg 15 at the bottom to facilitate the liquid discharge during water jet rock breaking.

[0028] The optical platform 12 is provided with a crushing table 5 located directly below the avoiding hole 11, the crushing table 5 is used for placing the rock sample to be crushed, and the different directions are adjusted according to the experimental requirements, so as to facilitate the research on the rock breaking mechanism of different defocusing amounts and rock sample rotation radius and rotation speed. Specifically, the crushing table 5 includes a rotating table, a first linear module, a second linear module and a lifting table arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the lifting table is arranged on the optical platform, the guide rail of the second linear module is arranged on the lifting table, the guide rail of the first linear module is arranged on the slider of the second linear module, and the second linear module and the first linear module are in the shape of “cross”, the lifting table is arranged on the slider of the first linear module and is used for placing the rock sample to be crushed, wherein the first linear module and the second linear module cooperate with each other to enable the rock sample on the rotating table to move in a straight line in the horizontal plane, so that the laser and the water jet are not a point on the rock sample, but a line, achieving the effect of straight-line rock breaking; the setting of the lifting table enables the rock sample on the rotating table to be adjusted up and down, thereby changing the distance between the emitting end of the laser generating device 3 and the rock sample, which is equivalent to adjusting the laser spot diameter on the rock sample, and the smaller the laser spot diameter is, the more concentrated the laser energy is, and the laser spot diameter does not need to be adjusted by the optical path lens.

[0029] The power detection head 6 is arranged in the rock breaking cover 13, and the power detection head 6 is used for measuring the power of the laser reflected on the rock sample, so as to facilitate the measurement of the laser energy absorbed by the rock sample to be crushed.

[0030] The imaging camera 7, the infrared temperature measuring instrument 8 and the infrared imaging instrument 9 are arranged on the top of the test cabin 1, and the glass windows 16 matched with the imaging camera 7, the infrared temperature measuring instrument 8 and the infrared imaging instrument 9 are arranged on the top of the rock breaking cover 13, so as to facilitate the shooting of the rock sample pictures and the measurement of the temperature change of the rock sample in the rock breaking process, and the arrangement of the glass windows 16 can prevent the liquid from splashing to the imaging camera 7, the infrared temperature measuring instrument 8 and the infrared imaging instrument 9 during the rock breaking, thereby avoiding the damage of the experimental instruments.

[0031] The experimental steps of the rock breaking experimental device based on laser-water jet are as follows:

[0032] S1: defining the area to be crushed on the rock sample to be crushed;

[0033] S2: placing the rock sample to be crushed on the crushing table 5 of the test cabin 1, and making the area to be crushed directly below the avoiding hole 11;

[0034] S3: control the operation state of the water jet generator 2, the laser generating device 3 and the breaking table 5 respectively to carry out the breaking experiment on the rock sample; during the experiment, the position of the rock sample is adjusted by the breaking table 5, and the laser generated by the laser generating device 3 and the water jet generated by the water jet generator 2 are both applied to the breaking area to break the rock sample by the laser water jet head 4, specifically, the high temperature generated by the laser rock breaking and the low temperature generated by the water jet are combined with each other to form a huge temperature difference in the breaking area to break the rock sample rapidly;

[0035] S4: during the breaking process of the rock sample, the imaging camera 7, the infrared temperature measuring instrument 8 and the infrared imaging instrument 9 monitor and record the rock breaking conditions in the test cabin 1 in real time, and the power detection head 6 measures the power of the laser reflected on the rock sample in real time.

[0036] Preferably, the laser generating device 3 in S3 adopts a QCW high-power laser, and the QCW high-power laser can generate lasers with different frequencies, pulse widths and powers, and thus the rock breaking process and mechanism under the action of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers can be studied.

[0037] Preferably, the water source used by the water jet generator 2 is one of a liquid mixed with fine abrasive particles and water or dust-free water, and thus the water jet generator 2 can generate two kinds of water jets, i.e. fine abrasive water jet and dust-free water jet. During the rock breaking process, the fine abrasive water jet can better break the rock sample by using the impact of the fine abrasive particles, so that different water jets can be selected to be combined with the laser rock breaking for rock breaking according to the lithology of different rock samples.

[0038] Of course, the present application can have other various embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present application without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all belong to the protection scope of the claims attached to the present application.

Claims

1. A rock breaking device based on laser-water jet, comprising a water jet generator (2) and a laser generating device (3), characterized in that: The invention also includes a laser water jet head (4), which includes a fixed seat (41), the fixed seat (41) having a liquid storage chamber (42) and a through hole (43) for laser passage, and the emission end of the laser generating device (3) is arranged at the end of the through hole (43) close to the rock to be crushed, the liquid outlet end of the water jet generator (2) is connected to the liquid storage chamber (42), and the fixed seat (41) is provided with a plurality of jet holes (44) passing through the liquid storage chamber (42), and the discharge ends of the plurality of jet holes (44) are all located at the end of the fixed seat (41) close to the rock to be crushed, and are evenly distributed along the circumferential side close to the jet holes (44).

2. A rock breaking experimental device based on laser-water jet, characterized in that: The laser-water jet rock breaking experimental device according to claim 1 comprises a test chamber (1), wherein the laser water jet head (4) is mounted above the test chamber (1), and a relief hole (11) is provided on the top of the test chamber (1) for the laser and water jet to enter; The test chamber (1) is formed by an optical platform (12) and a detachable rock-breaking cover (13) placed on the optical platform (12); the avoidance hole (11) is opened on the rock-breaking cover (13); the optical platform (12) is provided with a drainage hole (14); and a support leg (15) is provided at the bottom.

3. The rock breaking experimental device based on laser-water jet according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The optical platform (12) is provided with a crushing table (5) located directly below the avoidance hole (11), and the crushing table (5) includes a rotating table, a first linear module, a second linear module and a lifting platform arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the lifting platform is placed on the optical platform, the guide rail of the second linear module is provided on the lifting platform, the guide rail of the first linear module is provided on the slider of the second linear module, and the second linear module and the first linear module are in a "cross" shape, and the lifting platform is provided on the slider of the first linear module.

4. The rock breaking experimental device based on laser-water jet according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A power detector (6) is provided in the rock breaking cover (13), and the power detector (6) is used to measure the power reflected by the laser irradiation on the rock sample.

5. The rock breaking experimental device based on laser-water jet according to claim 4 is characterized in that: An imaging camera (7), an infrared thermometer (8) and an infrared imager (9) are also mounted on the top of the test chamber (1), and glass windows (16) are respectively provided on the top of the rock breaking cover (13) for interacting with the imaging camera (7), the infrared thermometer (8) and the infrared imager (9).

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