Supercritical carbon dioxide blowing characteristic test system and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide blowing characteristic test system and a test method thereof. The system comprises a lead-bismuth alloy storage system, a lead-bismuth alloy supply system, an argon protection system, a blowing container system, a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system and a carbon dioxide storage system, wherein the lead bismuth alloy storage system provides liquid lead bismuth for the test system; the lead bismuth alloy supply system is used for conveying liquid lead bismuth to the test system; the spraying container system automatically controls the starting of spraying through a rupture disk; the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system provides high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide for the test system; the carbon dioxide storage system is used for storing carbon dioxide; and the argon protection system is used for storing argon. The test system and the test method provided by the invention can meet high-temperature and high-pressure test conditions, can carry out tests of different crevasse sizes, can visualize the blowing process, can measure the morphology of carbon dioxide bubbles by using sound waves, and can provide reference for technical research of small lead-bismuth reactor heat exchanger crevasse accidents.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of nuclear energy development and new energy technology, and particularly relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide jetting characteristic test system and a test method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The supercritical carbon dioxide power conversion system coupled with the liquid lead-bismuth heat exchange is of great significance to improve the thermal efficiency and compactness of the lead-bismuth reactor. Among them, the supercritical carbon dioxide-lead bismuth heat exchanger has small geometric size, fast working medium flow rate, and works under the condition of great pressure difference and great temperature difference, which can cause the blockage of the pipeline by fine impurities and lead bismuth corrosion products, and thus a pipe rupture accident occurs. After the heat exchanger ruptures, the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide will be jetted into the low-pressure and high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth environment at a very high speed, and this process will be accompanied by a sharp change in pressure and temperature, which will bring great thermal and force impact to the lead-bismuth environment where the reactor core is located. In the late stage of the accident, the supercritical carbon dioxide will migrate and diffuse in the reactor core, which will endanger the safety of the reactor. The research on this extreme phenomenon involves multiple physics and multiple parameters, and is a key scientific problem in the design and development of lead-bismuth fast reactors. At present, there is no experiment of high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide jetting into high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth, and the jetting mechanism is not clear. Due to the opacity of liquid lead-bismuth itself, the observation and measurement means of bubble shape are limited, and the visualization of the jetting process has not been studied. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out jetting experiments of different rupture sizes, and to design a bubble visualization system and a measurement method, so as to provide key test data and mechanism verification for the safety accident assessment and software development of lead-bismuth reactors. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide jetting characteristic test system and a test method thereof, which realizes the mechanism research and bubble visualization measurement of supercritical carbon dioxide jetting into liquid lead-bismuth.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A supercritical carbon dioxide jetting characteristic test system, comprising a lead-bismuth alloy storage system 1, a lead-bismuth alloy supply system 2, an argon protection system 3, a jetting container system 4, a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5, and a carbon dioxide storage system 6.

[0006] The lead bismuth alloy storage system 1 is used as a supply source of liquid lead bismuth of the whole test system, comprising a lead storage tank 1-1, a lead bismuth liquid level gauge 1-2, an electric heating rod 1-4, a lead bismuth pressure relief valve 1-5, a first pressure gauge 1-6 and a first temperature indicator 1-7 arranged on the lead storage tank 1-1, and a weighing sensor 1-3 installed at the bottom of the lead storage tank 1-1; the lead storage tank 1-1 is connected with a lead bismuth alloy supply system 2 through a lead bismuth conveying pipeline and connected with an argon protection system 3 through a gas conveying pipeline;

[0007] The lead bismuth alloy supply system 2 is used for conveying the liquid lead bismuth in the lead bismuth alloy storage system 1 to a spray and discharge container system 4, comprising a filter screen 2-1, a lead bismuth valve 2-2 and a conveying pipeline;

[0008] The argon protection system 3 is used as a power source of the lead bismuth alloy storage system 1 and a protective gas of the spray and discharge container system 4, comprising a first gas valve 3-1, a first three-way valve 3-2, an argon gas cylinder 3-3, a second pressure gauge 3-4, a second gas valve 3-5 and a conveying pipeline; the first gas valve 3-1 is connected with the second outlet valve 3.2 of the first three-way valve, the argon gas cylinder 3-3 is connected with the first outlet valve 3.1 of the first three-way valve, and the second gas valve 3-5 is connected with the third outlet valve 3.3 of the first three-way valve;

[0009] The spray and discharge container system 4 is used as a main test section of the supercritical carbon dioxide spray and discharge liquid lead bismuth, comprising a reaction container body 4-1, a third gas valve 4-2, a second three-way valve 4-3, a third pressure gauge 4-4 and a first safety valve 4-5; the first inlet valve 4.3.1 of the second three-way valve is connected with the second gas valve 3-5, the first outlet valve 4.3.3 of the second three-way valve is connected with the third gas valve 4-2, and the second outlet valve 4.3.2 of the second three-way valve is connected with the reaction container body 4-1;

[0010] The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 is used for heating and pressurizing the carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide storage system 6 to provide high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide for the spray and discharge container system 4, comprising a high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4, one end of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 being connected with the reaction container body 4-1 of the spray and discharge container system 4 through a conveying pipeline, the conveying pipeline being provided with an electromagnetic valve 5-1 and a throttling flowmeter 5-2, the other end of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 being connected with the carbon dioxide storage system 6 through a conveying pipeline, the conveying pipeline being provided with a pressurizing gas valve 5-7 and a high-pressure plunger pump 5-8; the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 is provided with an electric pressure reducing valve 5-3, a second safety valve 5-5, a fourth pressure gauge 5-6, a second temperature indicator 5-9 and an electric heating wire 5-10;

[0011] The carbon dioxide storage system 6 is the carbon dioxide supply source of the whole test system, including a carbon dioxide cylinder 6-1 connected with the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 through a conveying pipeline, a fourth gas valve 6-3 arranged on the conveying pipeline, and a fifth pressure gauge 6-2 arranged on the carbon dioxide cylinder 6-1.

[0012] The reaction container body 4-1 includes a carbon dioxide injection pipe 4.1 connected with the conveying pipeline of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5, a lead bismuth injection pipe 4.2 connected with the conveying pipeline of the lead bismuth alloy supply system 2, a waveguide rod 4.3 for emitting ultrasonic waves, a measuring frame 4.4 for accommodating a thermocouple for measuring the internal temperature of the measuring container and a pressure sensor, a first view window 4.5 and a second view window 4.6 for observing the sparging phenomenon in the container; the carbon dioxide injection pipe 4.1 is provided with an injection port 4.1.1 with adjustable size and a rupture disc 4.1.2 for automatically controlling the sparging process.

[0013] The material of the reaction container body 4-1 is 316 stainless steel, the pressure limit is 16 MPa, the temperature limit is 500 ℃, and the reaction container body 4-1 is wrapped with sound-absorbing material; the lower part of the reaction container body 4-1 is liquid lead bismuth, and the upper part is argon, and the temperature and pressure are 500 ℃ and 1 atmosphere respectively.

[0014] The material of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 is 316 stainless steel, the pressure limit is 16 MPa, the temperature limit is 500 ℃, and the volume is 10 L.

[0015] The pressurizing capacity of the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8 is greater than 16 MPa.

[0016] The conveying pipeline of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton.

[0017] The carbon dioxide injection pipe 4.1 includes an injection port 4.1.1, a rupture disc 4.1.2, and a base 4.1.3, the rupture disc 4.1.2 is installed on the base 4.1.3, and the injection port 4.1.1 is located downstream of the rupture disc 4.1.2; the rupture disc 4.1.2 realizes the high-temperature resistance and high-pressure resistance by setting different thicknesses, and the pressure strength is greater than 16 MPa.

[0018] The material of the waveguide rod 4.3 is 316 stainless steel, the length is 69.25 cm, and the frequency of the ultrasonic signal applied to the end face is 200 kHz.

[0019] The material of the measuring frame 4.4 is 316 stainless steel.

[0020] The first view window 4.5 and the second view window 4.6 are sapphire glass with a temperature resistance of more than 1500 ℃ and a pressure strength of more than 200 MPa.

[0021] The waveguide rod 4.3 is connected to the reaction container body 4-1 by welding, and is arranged at the same height as the second window 4.6, and is symmetrically arranged three layers every 15 degrees with the central axis as the reference, nine rods per layer, and the layer spacing is 4 cm.

[0022] The measuring frame 4.4 is divided into four layers, each layer is an isosceles right triangle, and each angle of the triangle is welded to the top of the reaction container body 4-1 by two fixing rods 4.4.1. Three K-type thermocouples 4.4.3 are arranged at the 1 / 4 position of each side of the steel frame, and a total of 27 K-type thermocouples are arranged in three layers. One pressure sensor 4.4.4 is arranged at the center of each side of each layer, and a total of 9 pressure sensors are arranged in three layers.

[0023] The test method of the supercritical carbon dioxide release characteristic test system, the lead bismuth alloy storage system 1 working process is as follows: opening the electric heating rod 1-4 to heat and melt the lead bismuth alloy, observing the lead bismuth liquid level through the lead bismuth liquid level meter 1-2, recording the heating temperature through the first temperature indicator 1-7, stopping heating when reaching the specified temperature and liquid level, observing the pressure change in the lead storage tank 1-1 through the first pressure gauge 1-6, recording the weight of the liquid lead bismuth through the weighing sensor 1-3, opening the lead bismuth pressure relief valve 1-5 when recovering the lead bismuth at the end of the test;

[0024] The lead bismuth alloy supply system 2 working process is as follows: in the lead bismuth injection stage, open the lead bismuth valve 2-2, pressurize the lead storage tank 1-1 through the argon protection system 3 to inject the liquid lead bismuth into the release container system 4, close the lead bismuth valve 2-2 after injection is completed, open the lead bismuth valve 2-2 after the test is completed, and cooperate with the argon protection system 3 to recover the liquid lead bismuth to the lead storage tank 1-1;

[0025] The argon protection system 3 working process is as follows: in the lead bismuth injection stage, open the first gas valve 3-1 and the first three-way valve 3-2, close the second gas valve 3-5, pressurize the liquid lead bismuth in the lead bismuth alloy storage system 1 to inject into the release container system 4 through the lead bismuth alloy supply system 2, close the first gas valve 3-1 and the first three-way valve 3-2 after injection is completed, open the second gas valve 3-5, inject the protective gas into the release container system 4, close the second gas valve 3-5 after the injection is completed, close the first gas valve 3-1 after the test is completed, open the second gas valve 3-5, and press the liquid lead bismuth in the release container system 4 into the lead storage tank 1-1;

[0026] The working process of the spray container system 4 is as follows: when injecting lead bismuth, the third gas valve 4-2 and the second three-way valve 4-3 are opened, and after the injection is completed, the third gas valve 4-2 is closed, when injecting argon, the second three-way valve 4-3 is opened, and after the injection is completed, it is closed, the first safety valve 4-5 is kept closed during the injection stage, when the test starts, the rupture disc 4.1.2 is automatically opened when the pressure limit is reached, a 200 kHz ultrasonic signal is applied to the end face of the waveguide rod 4.3, and the emission and reception of the signal are recorded, the changes of the carbon dioxide bubbles and the lead bismuth liquid level are observed through the first viewing window 4.5 and the second viewing window 4.6, after the test is completed, the second three-way valve 4-3 is opened, and the liquid lead bismuth in the spray container system 4 is pressed into the lead storage tank 1-1 in cooperation with the argon protection system 3;

[0027] The working process of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 is as follows: the pressurizing gas valve 5-7 is opened, the second safety valve 5-5, the electric pressure reducing valve 5-3 and the electromagnetic valve 5-1 are closed, pressurized carbon dioxide is injected into the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 through the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8, the electric heating wire 5-10 of the carbon dioxide container is turned on, the second temperature indicator 5-9 is observed to heat to the specified experimental temperature, and the fourth pressure gauge 5-6 is observed to show the number, then the carbon dioxide cylinder is slowly opened, and whether the pressure meets the test inlet requirements is continuously observed, if the pressure is balanced but still does not meet the requirements, the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8 is started to further slowly pressurize, while the temperature control of the electric heating wire 5-10 is maintained, when the test starts, the electromagnetic valve 5-1 is opened, and 16 MPa, 450 DEG C supercritical carbon dioxide is sprayed into the spray container system 4, after the test is completed, the electromagnetic valve 5-1 is closed to prevent the liquid lead bismuth from flowing back;

[0028] The working process of the carbon dioxide storage system 6 is as follows: the fourth gas valve 6-3 is opened, and carbon dioxide gas is injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0030] 1. The high-temperature and high-pressure test system for spraying liquid lead bismuth with supercritical carbon dioxide is first built, the occurrence of the spraying process can be automatically controlled through the rupture disc, and spraying tests with different opening sizes can be realized by replacing the size of the injection port.

[0031] 2. High-temperature and high-pressure resistance and visual measurement: two high-temperature and high-pressure resistant sapphire viewing windows are arranged to observe the change of the carbon dioxide bubble shape during the spraying process, and a high-speed camera is used to capture the change of the bubbles during the spraying process.

[0032] 3. Non-contact bubble shape measurement: The application overcomes the characteristics of lead bismuth not transparent, uses the difference of ultrasonic wave absorption and reflection characteristics of different materials, only needs to set the emission and receiving frequency and intensity of ultrasonic wave in the range of most vibration frequency of recording jet flow process; a plurality of waveguide rods are installed outside the experimental container to depict the general shape of carbon dioxide bubbles, meanwhile, the container is wrapped with sound absorbing material outside, which can eliminate the influence of clutter on carbon dioxide bubble signal to the greatest extent, and ensure the safety of experiment and reduce the interference to physical phenomenon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristic test system and test method schematic diagram provided in the specific embodiment of the application;

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] 1: Lead bismuth alloy storage system

[0036] 1-1: Lead storage tank; 1-2: Lead bismuth liquid level gauge; 1-3: Weighing sensor; 1-4: Electric heating rod; 1-5: Lead bismuth pressure relief valve; 1-6: First pressure gauge; 1-7: First temperature indicator

[0037] 2: Lead bismuth alloy supply system

[0038] 2-1: Filter screen; 2-2: Lead bismuth valve

[0039] 3: Argon protection system

[0040] 3-1: First gas valve; 3-2: First three-way valve; 3-3: Argon gas cylinder; 3-4: Second pressure gauge; 3-5: Second gas valve

[0041] 4: Discharge container system

[0042] 4-1: Reaction container body; 4-2: Third gas valve; 4-3: Second three-way valve; 4-4: Third pressure gauge; 4-5: First safety valve

[0043] 5: High temperature and high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system

[0044] 5-1: Solenoid valve; 5-2: Throttle flowmeter; 5-3: Electric pressure reducing valve; 5-4: High pressure carbon dioxide container; 5-5: Second safety valve; 5-6: Fourth pressure gauge; 5-7: Pressurizing gas valve; 5-8: High pressure plunger pump; 5-9: Second temperature indicator; 5-10: Electric heating wire

[0045] 6: Carbon dioxide storage system

[0046] 6-1: Carbon dioxide gas cylinder; 6-2: Fifth pressure gauge; 6-3: Fourth gas valve

[0047] 3-2: first three-way valve

[0048] 3.1 is a first outlet valve of the first three-way valve, 3.2 is a second outlet valve of the first three-way valve, and 3.3 is a third outlet valve of the first three-way valve;

[0049] 4-3: second three-way valve

[0050] 4.3.1 is a first inlet valve of the second three-way valve, 4.3.2 is a second outlet valve of the second three-way valve, and 4.3.3 is a first outlet valve of the second three-way valve

[0051] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the reaction container body 4-1;

[0052] In the figure:

[0053] 4.1: carbon dioxide injection pipe; 4.2: lead bismuth injection pipe; 4.3: waveguide rod; 4.4: measuring frame; 4.5: first window; 4.6: second window

[0054] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide injection pipe 4.1;

[0055] In the figure:

[0056] 4.1.1: injection port; 4.1.2: bursting disc; 4.1.3: base

[0057] Figure 4 is a structural front view of the measuring frame 4.4.

[0058] In the figure:

[0059] 4.4.1: fixed rod; 4.4.2: tripod; 4.4.3: K-type thermocouple; 4.4.4: pressure sensor

[0060] Figure 5 is a structural top view of the measuring frame 4.4.

[0061] In the figure:

[0062] 4.4.2: tripod; 4.4.3: K-type thermocouple DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The present application provides a supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristic test system and test method, which will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0064] As Figure 1The application is a supercritical carbon dioxide injection characteristic test system, which comprises a lead-bismuth alloy storage system 1, a lead-bismuth alloy supply system 2, an argon protection system 3, an injection container system 4, a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 and a carbon dioxide storage system 6.

[0065] The lead-bismuth alloy storage system 1 is a liquid lead-bismuth supply source of the whole test system, comprising a lead storage tank 1-1, a lead-bismuth liquid level gauge 1-2, an electric heating rod 1-4, a lead-bismuth pressure relief valve 1-5, a first pressure gauge 1-6 and a first temperature indicator 1-7 arranged on the lead storage tank 1-1, and a weighing sensor 1-3 installed at the bottom of the lead storage tank 1-1; the lead storage tank 1-1 is connected with the lead-bismuth alloy supply system 2 through a lead-bismuth conveying pipeline and connected with the argon protection system 3 through a gas conveying pipeline;

[0066] The lead-bismuth alloy supply system 2 conveys the liquid lead-bismuth in the lead-bismuth alloy storage system 1 to the injection container system 4, comprising a filter screen 2-1, a lead-bismuth valve 2-2 and a conveying pipeline;

[0067] The argon protection system 3 is a power source of the lead-bismuth alloy storage system 1 and a protective gas of the injection container system 4, comprising a first gas valve 3-1, a first three-way valve 3-2, an argon gas cylinder 3-3, a second pressure gauge 3-4, a second gas valve 3-5 and a conveying pipeline; the first gas valve 3-1 is connected with the second outlet valve 3.2 of the first three-way valve, the argon gas cylinder 3-3 is connected with the first outlet valve 3.1 of the first three-way valve, and the second gas valve 3-5 is connected with the third outlet valve 3.3 of the first three-way valve;

[0068] The injection container system 4 is a main test section of the supercritical carbon dioxide injection liquid lead-bismuth, comprising a reaction container body 4-1, a third gas valve 4-2, a second three-way valve 4-3, a third pressure gauge 4-4 and a first safety valve 4-5; the first inlet valve 4.3.1 of the second three-way valve is connected with the second gas valve 3-5, the first outlet valve 4.3.3 of the second three-way valve is connected with the third gas valve 4-2, and the second outlet valve 4.3.2 of the second three-way valve is connected with the reaction container body 4-1;

[0069] The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 warms and pressurizes the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage system 6 to provide high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide for the injection and release container system 4, and includes a solenoid valve 5-1, a throttling flowmeter 5-2, an electric pressure reducing valve 5-3, a high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4, a second safety valve 5-5, a fourth pressure gauge 5-6, a pressurizing air valve 5-7, a high-pressure plunger pump 5-8, a second temperature indicator 5-9, an electric heating wire 5-10, and a delivery pipeline; one end of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 is connected to the reaction container body 4-1 of the injection and release container system 4 through the delivery pipeline, the solenoid valve 5-1 and the throttling flowmeter 5-2 are arranged on the delivery pipeline, and the other end is connected to the carbon dioxide storage system 6 through the delivery pipeline, the pressurizing air valve 5-7 and the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8 are arranged on the delivery pipeline; the electric pressure reducing valve 5-3, the second safety valve 5-5, the fourth pressure gauge 5-6, the second temperature indicator 5-9, and the electric heating wire 5-10 are arranged on the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4;

[0070] The carbon dioxide storage system 6 is a source of carbon dioxide supply for the entire test system, and includes a carbon dioxide cylinder 6-1, a fifth pressure gauge 6-2, a fourth air valve 6-3, and a delivery pipeline; the carbon dioxide cylinder 6-1 is connected to the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 through the delivery pipeline, the fourth air valve 6-3 is arranged on the delivery pipeline, and the fifth pressure gauge 6-2 is arranged on the carbon dioxide cylinder 6-1.

[0071] The working procedure is as follows: before each test, airtightness check is performed, before installation of the carbon dioxide injection pipe 4.1, the lead bismuth valve 2-2, the third gas valve 4-2 and the electromagnetic valve 5-1 are opened, and other valves remain closed; after installation of the carbon dioxide injection pipe 4.1, only the lead bismuth valve 2-2 is opened; during the inflation heating stage, the lead bismuth valve 2-2, the second gas valve 3-5, the electromagnetic valve 5-1, the pressurized gas valve 5-7 and the fourth gas valve 6-3 are opened, and other valves remain closed; after completion of the inflation heating, pressure holding check is performed, the lead bismuth valve 2-2, the electromagnetic valve 5-1 and the pressurized gas valve 5-7 are opened, and other valves remain closed; the airtightness check stage is qualified if the pressure decreases by less than 0.1 MPa within 30 minutes; during the lead bismuth heating stage, the electric heating rod 1-4 is opened to heat and melt the lead bismuth alloy to 500 DEG C, the lead bismuth liquid level is observed through the lead bismuth liquid level gauge 1-2, and the heating temperature is recorded through the first temperature indicator 1-7; after reaching 500 DEG C, heating is stopped, the pressure change in the lead storage tank 1-1 is observed through the first pressure gauge 1-6, and the weight of the liquid lead bismuth is recorded through the weighing sensor 1-3; during the carbon dioxide preparation stage, the fourth gas valve 6-3 and the pressurized gas valve 5-7 are opened, the second safety valve 5-5, the electric pressure reducing valve 5-3 and the electromagnetic valve 5-1 are closed, pressurized carbon dioxide is injected into the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 through the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8, the electric heating wire 5-10 of the container is turned on, the second temperature indicator 5-9 is observed to heat to 450 DEG C, and the fourth pressure gauge 5-6 is observed to show the number, then the gas cylinder is slowly opened, and it is continuously observed whether the pressure meets the requirement of 16 MPa of the test inlet; if the pressure is still not satisfied after pressure balance, the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8 is started to further slowly increase the pressure, while the temperature of the electric heating wire 5-10 is maintained; during the lead bismuth injection stage, the third gas valve 4-2, the second three-way valve 4-3, the first gas valve 3-1 and the first three-way valve 3-2 are opened, the second gas valve 3-5 is closed, the liquid lead bismuth in the lead storage tank 1-1 is pressurized to be injected into the spray container system 4 through the filter screen 2-1 and the lead bismuth valve 2-2, after injection, the lead bismuth valve 2-2, the first gas valve 3-1, the third gas valve 4-2 and the first three-way valve 3-2 are closed, the second gas valve 3-5 and the second three-way valve 4-3 are opened, the first safety valve 4-5 is closed, and the spray container system 4 is injected with protective gas, after injection, the second gas valve 3-5 is closed; when the test starts, the electromagnetic valve 5-1 is opened, the rupture disc 4.1.2 is automatically opened after reaching the burst limit, 16 MPa, 450 DEG C supercritical carbon dioxide is sprayed into the spray container system 4, a 200 kHz ultrasonic signal is applied to the end face of the waveguide rod 4.3, and the emission and reception of the signal are recorded, the changes of the carbon dioxide bubbles and the lead bismuth liquid level are observed through the first view window 4.5 and the second view window 4.6; after the test, the first gas valve 3-1 and the electromagnetic valve 5-1 are closed to prevent the backflow of the liquid lead bismuth, the lead bismuth pressure relief valve 1-5, the second gas valve 3-5, the second three-way valve 4-3 and the lead bismuth valve 2-2 are opened, and the liquid lead bismuth is recovered into the lead storage tank 1-1 in cooperation with the argon protection system 3.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the material of the reaction container body 4-1 is 316 stainless steel, the pressure limit is 16 MPa, the temperature limit is 500℃, the container is integrally cast, the upper part is connected with the lower part through a flange, the outside is wrapped with sound-absorbing material, and can withstand the temperature and pressure changes during the test, while the sound waves during the measurement process can be eliminated to the maximum extent except for carbon dioxide bubbles.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the material of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container 5-4 is 316 stainless steel, the pressure limit is 16 MPa, the temperature limit is 500℃, the volume is 10L, and the electric heating wire 5-10 can ensure temperature control during slow pressurization.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the lower part of the reaction container body 4-1 is liquid lead-bismuth, and the upper part is argon, with a temperature of 500℃ and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the pressurizing capacity of the high-pressure plunger pump 5-8 is greater than 16 MPa, which can meet the requirement of 16 MPa carbon dioxide supply for the test.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system 5 pipeline is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton, which can maximize the maintenance of high temperature of carbon dioxide in the pipeline.

[0077] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the waveguide rod 4.3 is made of 316 stainless steel, with a length of 69.25 cm, and an ultrasonic signal frequency of 200 kHz applied at the end face, which can ensure that the temperature of the end face of the waveguide rod is lower than 25℃ under natural convection conditions, to ensure the normal work of the piezoelectric ceramic material, and can effectively generate and absorb sound waves on the path.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the first window 4.5 and the second window 4.6 are sapphire glass with a temperature resistance of more than 1500℃ and a compressive strength of more than 200 MPa, which can ensure visualization while ensuring safety during the test.

[0079] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the measuring frame 4.4 is divided into 4 layers, each layer is an isosceles right triangle, each corner of the triangle is welded to the top of the reaction container body 4-1 through two fixed rods 4.4.1, and 3 K-type thermocouples 4.4.3 are arranged at the 1 / 4 position of each side of each layer from the bottom to the top, a total of 27 K-type thermocouples are arranged in three layers, and 1 pressure sensor 4.4.4 is arranged at the center of each side of each layer from the top to the bottom, a total of 9 pressure sensors are arranged in three layers, and the triangular arrangement can ensure the stability of the structure during the jet process.

[0080] The above is further detailed description of the present application in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and cannot be deemed as limitation of the specific embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art of the present application, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which shall be deemed to belong to the present application, and the patent protection scope shall be determined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system, characterized by: It comprises a lead-bismuth alloy storage system (1), a lead-bismuth alloy supply system (2), an argon protection system (3), a blowdown container system (4), a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5), and a carbon dioxide storage system (6); The lead-bismuth alloy storage system (1) serves as a supply source for liquid lead-bismuth of the entire test system, and comprises a lead storage tank (1-1). The lead storage tank (1-1) is provided with a lead-bismuth liquid level gauge (1-2), an electric heating rod (1-4), a lead-bismuth pressure relief valve (1-5), a first pressure gauge (1-6), and a first temperature indicator (1-7); a weighing sensor (1-3) is installed at the bottom of the lead storage tank (1-1); the lead storage tank (1-1) is connected to the lead-bismuth alloy supply system (2) via a lead-bismuth delivery pipeline, and is connected to the argon protection system (3) via a gas delivery pipeline; The lead-bismuth alloy supply system (2) transports liquid lead-bismuth in the lead-bismuth alloy storage system (1) to the spray container system (4), and comprises a filter (2-1), a lead-bismuth valve (2-2) and a transport pipeline; The argon protection system (3) serves as a power source for the lead-bismuth alloy storage system (1) and a protective gas for the spray container system (4), and comprises a first gas valve (3-1), a first three-way valve (3-2), an argon gas cylinder (3-3), a second pressure gauge (3-4), a second gas valve (3-5), and a delivery pipeline; the first gas valve (3-1) is connected to the second outlet valve (3.2) of the first three-way valve, the argon gas cylinder (3-3) is connected to the first outlet valve (3.1) of the first three-way valve, and the second gas valve (3-5) is connected to the third outlet valve (3.3) of the first three-way valve; The spraying container system (4) serves as the main test section for spraying liquid lead and bismuth with supercritical carbon dioxide, and includes a reaction container body (4-1), a third gas valve (4-2), a second three-way valve (4-3), a third pressure gauge (4-4) and a first safety valve (4-5); the first inlet valve (4.3.1) of the second three-way valve is connected to the second gas valve (3-5), the first outlet valve (4.3.3) of the second three-way valve is connected to the third gas valve (4-2), and the second outlet valve (4.3.2) of the second three-way valve is connected to the reaction container body (4-1); The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5) heats and pressurizes the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage system (6) to provide high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide to the spray container system (4). The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5) comprises a high-pressure carbon dioxide container (5-4), one end of which is connected to the reaction container body (4-1) of the spray container system (4) through a delivery pipeline, and a solenoid valve (5-1) and a throttling flowmeter (5-2) are provided on the delivery pipeline. The other end of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container (5-4) is connected to the carbon dioxide storage system (6) through a delivery pipeline, and a pressurizing gas valve (5-7) and a high-pressure plunger pump (5-8) are provided on the delivery pipeline. The high-pressure carbon dioxide container (5-4) is also provided with an electric pressure reducing valve (5-3), a second safety valve (5-5), a fourth pressure gauge (5-6), a second temperature indicator (5-9) and an electric heating wire (5-10). The carbon dioxide storage system (6) serves as a supply source of carbon dioxide for the entire test system, and includes a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6-1) connected to a high-pressure carbon dioxide container (5-4) of a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5) via a delivery pipeline, a fourth gas valve (6-3) being provided on the delivery pipeline, and a fifth pressure gauge (6-2) being provided on the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6-1); The reaction vessel body (4-1) comprises a carbon dioxide injection tube (4.1) connected to a delivery pipeline of a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5), a lead-bismuth injection tube (4.2) connected to a delivery pipeline of a lead-bismuth alloy supply system (2), a waveguide rod (4.3) for emitting ultrasonic waves, a measuring frame (4.4) for accommodating a thermocouple for measuring the temperature inside the vessel and a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure, and a first viewing window (4.5) and a second viewing window (4.6) for observing the spraying phenomenon inside the vessel; an injection port (4.1) with an adjustable size is provided in the carbon dioxide injection tube (4.1). 4.1.1) and a bursting disc (4.1.2) that automatically controls the discharge process.

2. A supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the reaction vessel body (4-1) is 316 stainless steel, with a pressure resistance limit of 16 MPa and a temperature resistance limit of 500°C. The outside of the reaction vessel body (4-1) is wrapped with a sound-absorbing material; the lower part of the reaction vessel body (4-1) is liquid lead bismuth, and the upper part is argon, and the temperature and pressure are 500°C and 1 atmosphere respectively.

3. A supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the high-pressure carbon dioxide container (5-4) is 316 stainless steel, with a pressure resistance limit of 16 MPa, a temperature resistance limit of 500°C, and a volume of 10L.

4. A supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing capacity of the high-pressure plunger pump (5-8) is greater than 16 MPa.

5. The supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The delivery pipeline of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5) is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton.

6. The supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide injection tube (4.1) comprises an injection port (4.1.1), a bursting disc (4.1.2), and a base (4.1.3). The bursting disc (4.1.2) is mounted on the base (4.1.3), and the injection port (4.1.1) is located downstream of the bursting disc (4.1.2). The bursting disc (4.1.2) is resistant to high temperatures and high pressures by being provided with different thicknesses, and has a compressive strength greater than 16 MPa.

7. The supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide rod (4.3) is made of 316 stainless steel, has a length of 69.25 cm, and the frequency of the ultrasonic signal applied to the end face is 200 kHz; The material of the measuring frame (4.4) is 316 stainless steel; The first window (4.5) and the second window (4.6) are made of sapphire glass with a temperature resistance exceeding 1500°C and a compressive strength exceeding 200 MPa.

8. The supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide rods (4.3) are connected to the reaction vessel body (4-1) by welding, and are arranged at the same height as the second window (4.6). With the central axis as the reference, they are symmetrically arranged in three layers at intervals of 15 degrees, with nine rods arranged in each layer and a layer spacing of 4 cm.

9. The supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring frame (4.4) is divided into four layers, each layer is an isosceles right triangle, each corner of the triangle is welded to the top of the reaction vessel body (4-1) through two fixing rods (4.4.1), and three K-type thermocouples (4.4.3) are arranged on each side of each layer according to the position of 1 / 4 of the length of the steel frame side, for a total of 27 K-type thermocouples arranged in three layers. One pressure sensor (4.4.4) is arranged at the center of each side of each layer, for a total of 9 pressure sensors arranged in three layers.

10. The test method of the supercritical carbon dioxide discharge characteristics test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The lead-bismuth alloy storage system (1) has the following working process: turning on the electric heating rod (1-4) to heat and melt the lead-bismuth alloy, observing the lead-bismuth liquid level through the lead-bismuth liquid level gauge (1-2), and recording the heating temperature through the first temperature indicator (1-7); stopping heating after reaching the specified temperature and liquid level; observing the pressure change in the lead storage tank (1-1) through the first pressure gauge (1-6); and recording the weight of the liquid lead-bismuth through the weighing sensor (1-3); and opening the lead-bismuth pressure relief valve (1-5) when the experiment is completed and the lead-bismuth is recovered; The lead-bismuth alloy supply system (2) has the following working process: during the lead-bismuth injection stage, the lead-bismuth valve (2-2) is opened, and the argon gas protection system (3) pressurizes the lead storage tank (1-1) to inject liquid lead-bismuth into the spray container system (4); after the injection is completed, the lead-bismuth valve (2-2) is closed; after the test is completed, the lead-bismuth valve (2-2) is opened, and the argon gas protection system (3) is used to recover the liquid lead-bismuth into the lead storage tank (1-1); The working process of the argon gas protection system (3) is as follows: in the lead-bismuth injection stage, the first gas valve (3-1) and the first three-way valve (3-2) are opened, and the second gas valve (3-5) is closed, and the liquid lead-bismuth in the lead-bismuth alloy storage system (1) is pressurized and injected into the spray container system (4) through the lead-bismuth alloy supply system (2); after the injection is completed, the first gas valve (3-1) and the first three-way valve (3-2) are closed, and the second gas valve (3-5) is opened, and the protective gas is injected into the spray container system (4); after the gas injection is completed, the second gas valve (3-5) is closed; after the test is completed, the first gas valve (3-1) is closed, and the second gas valve (3-5) is opened, and the liquid lead-bismuth in the spray container system (4) is pressed into the lead storage tank (1-1); The working process of the spray container system (4) is as follows: when injecting lead and bismuth, the third air valve (4-2) and the second three-way valve (4-3) are opened, and the third air valve (4-2) is closed after the injection is completed; when injecting argon, the second three-way valve (4-3) is opened, and the injection is closed after the injection is completed. The first safety valve (4-5) is kept closed during the injection stage; at the beginning of the test, the bursting disc (4.1.2) automatically opens when the pressure limit is reached, a 200kHz ultrasonic signal is applied to the end face of the waveguide rod (4.3) and the emission and reception of the signal are recorded, and the changes in the carbon dioxide bubbles and the changes in the lead-bismuth liquid level are observed through the first window (4.5) and the second window (4.6); after the test is completed, the second three-way valve (4-3) is opened, and the liquid lead-bismuth in the spray container system (4) is pressed into the lead storage tank (1-1) in cooperation with the argon protection system (3); The working process of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5) is as follows: opening the pressurized gas valve (5-7), closing the second safety valve (5-5), the electric pressure reducing valve (5-3) and the solenoid valve (5-1), injecting pressurized carbon dioxide into the high-pressure carbon dioxide container (5-4) through the high-pressure plunger pump (5-8), turning on the electric heating wire (5-10) of the carbon dioxide container, observing whether the second temperature indicator (5-9) is heated to the specified experimental temperature and observing the reading of the fourth pressure gauge (5-6), then slowly opening the carbon dioxide cylinder, and continuously observing whether the pressure meets the test inlet requirement. If the pressure still does not meet the requirement after the pressure is balanced, starting the high-pressure plunger pump (5-8) to further slowly increase the pressure while maintaining the temperature control of the electric heating wire (5-10). When the test starts, opening the solenoid valve (5-1) and spraying 16MPa, 450°C supercritical carbon dioxide into the spray container system (4). After the test is completed, closing the solenoid valve (5-1) to prevent liquid lead and bismuth from flowing back. The working process of the carbon dioxide storage system (6) is as follows: open the fourth gas valve (6-3) and inject carbon dioxide gas into the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide supply system (5).

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