A method for monitoring the operating state of a laser emitter

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a kind of monitoring method of laser transmitter operating state, the method comprises: obtaining the multi-dimensional parameter of laser transmitter, according to the respective variation and change rate of voltage and current of laser transmitter at current time, determine the instantaneous abnormal index of laser transmitter at current time, the sum of the relative decline degree of electro-optical conversion efficiency of laser transmitter at current time and the relative increase degree of waste heat is determined as the performance degradation index of laser transmitter at current time;The product of the performance degradation index of laser transmitter and the instantaneous abnormal index of laser transmitter at current time is determined as the health degree index of laser transmitter at current time, according to the comparison result of health degree index and preset health degree index threshold, the operating state of laser transmitter is monitored in real time.The method improves the accuracy of operating state monitoring of laser transmitter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology. Specifically, it relates to a method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter. Background Technology

[0002] Laser emitters are widely used in industrial processing, medical equipment, and scientific research experiments. Monitoring their operating status to ensure stable operation is of great significance. Currently, monitoring the operating status of laser emitters mainly relies on monitoring their output power. This involves collecting the output power of the laser emitter in real time and comparing it with a preset power threshold to determine whether the laser emitter is operating normally, thus achieving monitoring of the laser emitter's operating status.

[0003] However, this output power-based monitoring method has limitations. Since the core performance of a laser emitter is determined by its electro-optical conversion efficiency, during long-term operation, factors such as aging of internal components, optical path contamination, and temperature drift can cause a slight decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency, accompanied by an increase in waste heat. Furthermore, because laser emitters are generally equipped with closed-loop power control systems, these systems dynamically adjust parameters such as drive current and voltage to compensate for the impact of decreased electro-optical conversion efficiency, thereby maintaining stable output power. Therefore, in the early stages of a fault, the output power often remains within the normal range, and existing monitoring methods relying solely on output power cannot detect potential faults, resulting in a monitoring lag.

[0004] More importantly, the insidious nature of early failures leads to the continuous accumulation of risks. As the electro-optical conversion efficiency continues to decline, the drive system needs to continuously increase the current and voltage to maintain the output power. This further accelerates the aging of components and the generation of waste heat, forming a vicious cycle from decreased efficiency to increased energy consumption, which in turn leads to overheating and further efficiency decline. When the output power finally shows obvious abnormalities, the laser emitter is often close to a serious failure state.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can identify early physical changes such as slight decreases in electro-optical conversion efficiency and increases in waste heat, so as to make the monitoring results of laser emitter operation status more accurate and reliable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem that existing monitoring methods rely on the output power of the laser emitter, leading to delayed early fault warnings and an inability to identify early physical changes such as minute decreases in electro-optical conversion efficiency and increases in waste heat, this invention proposes a method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter. This includes:

[0007] The system acquires the voltage, current, reference drive power, actual drive power, and reference heat dissipation power of the laser emitter at each moment during operation, and sets any one moment as the current moment.

[0008] Based on the changes and rates of change of the voltage and current of the laser emitter at the current moment, the instantaneous anomaly index of the laser emitter at the current moment is determined, and the changes and rates of change of the voltage and current are set as positive vectorization indices of the instantaneous anomaly index.

[0009] The sum of the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter at the current moment and the relative increase in waste heat is determined as the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment; wherein, the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency is determined based on the ratio of the decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency to the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency; and the relative increase in waste heat is determined based on the ratio of the increase in waste heat to the reference heat dissipation power.

[0010] The product of the laser emitter's performance degradation index and the laser emitter's instantaneous abnormality index at the current moment is determined as the laser emitter's health index at the current moment. The operating status of the laser emitter is determined based on the comparison between the health index and the preset health index threshold, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the laser emitter.

[0011] This technical solution collects real-time electrical parameters such as voltage and current, as well as reference power parameters. These parameters are directly related to the electro-optical conversion process of the laser emitter and are the foundation for capturing performance changes in the laser emitter. Furthermore, by determining instantaneous anomaly indicators based on the magnitude and rate of change of voltage and current, it reflects both the static differences in parameter deviations from the healthy baseline and the dynamic risks of changing trends. As positively vectorized indicators, both can accurately amplify anomalies characterized by "greater deviations from the healthy state and faster changes," consistent with the physical characteristics of the initial stage of circuit system failures. Moreover, by summing the relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency with the relative increase in waste heat, a performance degradation indicator is obtained. The former quantifies the attenuation ratio of the core electro-optical conversion capability, while the latter reflects the relative increase in energy loss. Their product, from the two dimensions of "decreased effective conversion capability" and "increased ineffective loss," collaboratively characterizes the essence of laser emitter performance degradation. Ultimately, by comprehensively assessing the health status of the laser transmitter by considering both its long-term performance degradation trend and current instantaneous anomaly risks, the transition from normal operation to abnormal state can be accurately identified. This avoids the lag inherent in traditional methods that rely solely on output power monitoring, enabling real-time early warning of early faults and improving monitoring accuracy.

[0012] Preferably, the reference drive power is determined based on the following method:

[0013] The system pre-collects data on voltage, current, ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power at each moment during the laser emitter's healthy operation. Using voltage / current as the dependent variable and ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power as independent variables, it determines the functional relationship between voltage / current and these parameters through data fitting, thus obtaining a predictive model for the reference voltage / current. This model is used to predict the reference voltage / current at each moment based on the ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power. The product of the reference voltage and reference current at each moment is used as the reference driving power at that moment.

[0014] Preferably, the reference heat dissipation power is determined based on the following method:

[0015] The value obtained by subtracting the set power of the laser emitter at each moment from the reference driving power of the laser emitter at that moment is used as the reference heat dissipation power of the laser emitter at that moment.

[0016] Preferably, the instantaneous anomaly index at the current moment is determined based on the following method:

[0017] The voltage / current changes and their rates of change at the current moment of the laser emitter are standardized. The standardized voltage / current changes and their rates of change are multiplied to form a voltage / current dynamic risk term. The sum of the voltage dynamic risk term and the current dynamic risk term is used as the instantaneous anomaly indicator at the current moment.

[0018] This technical solution eliminates interference from differences in the magnitude of parameters by standardizing the changes in voltage / current and their rates of change. This makes the changes in quantity and rate of change comparable and superimposed, ensuring that both reflect abnormal risks on the same dimension. The standardized changes in quantity and rate of change are multiplied to construct a dynamic risk term. This retains the physical logic that the greater the deviation and the faster the change, the higher the risk. Furthermore, standardization amplifies the difference between abnormal signals and normal fluctuations, allowing the potential risks of "small deviations but rapid changes" or "significant deviations but slow changes" to be reasonably quantified. This provides a more comprehensive reflection of the instantaneous anomalies generated by the laser emitter during operation.

[0019] Preferably, the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency and the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency are determined based on the following method:

[0020] The ratio of the laser emitter's set power at the current moment to the reference driving power at the current moment is taken as the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment; the ratio of the laser emitter's set power at the current moment to the actual driving power at the current moment is taken as the actual electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment; the difference between the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency and the actual electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment is taken as the decrease in electro-optical conversion rate.

[0021] This technical solution accurately quantifies the characteristics of laser transmitter performance degradation from the perspective of energy conversion. By analyzing the difference between the ideal electro-optical conversion efficiency under healthy conditions and the actual electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment, it precisely quantifies the degree of attenuation of the laser transmitter's electro-optical conversion capability at the current moment relative to its electro-optical conversion capability under healthy conditions, thereby enhancing the sensitivity to early minor efficiency degradation faults of the laser transmitter.

[0022] Preferably, the waste heat increment is determined based on the following method:

[0023] The difference between the actual driving power of the laser emitter at the current moment and the reference driving power at the current moment is taken as the driving power increment; the product of the set power of the laser emitter at the current moment and the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter at the current moment is taken as the compensation driving power; the compensation driving power is used to reflect the additional driving power required by the power control system of the laser emitter to compensate for the light energy loss caused by the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency; the waste heat increment is obtained by subtracting the compensation driving power from the driving power increment.

[0024] This technical solution, from the perspective of energy conservation, establishes a strict quantitative correspondence between the increase in waste heat and the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency. This not only conforms to the physical law that "the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency leads to an increase in waste heat," but also provides accurate basic data for subsequent calculations of the relative increase in waste heat, enhancing the ability to identify early, minute changes in waste heat.

[0025] Preferably, the changes and rates of change of the voltage and current of the laser emitter at the current moment are determined based on the following method:

[0026] The difference between the voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment and the reference voltage / current at the current moment is taken as the change in voltage / current at the current moment; the difference between the voltage / current of the laser emitter at the previous moment and the reference voltage / current at the previous moment is taken as the change in voltage / current at the previous moment; the change in voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment minus the change in voltage / current at the previous moment, and then divided by the time interval between the current moment and the previous moment, is taken as the rate of change of voltage / current at the current moment.

[0027] Preferably, after determining the sum of the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter at the current moment and the relative increase in waste heat as the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment, the performance degradation index is further corrected by analyzing the aging trend, including: quantifying the aging coefficient of the laser emitter by the ratio of the laser emitter's operating time to its design life; quantifying the performance degradation component caused by the aging trend by multiplying the aging coefficient and the performance degradation index; and removing the performance degradation component caused by the aging trend from the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment to obtain the corrected performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment.

[0028] This technical solution improves the accuracy and relevance of laser emitter condition monitoring by analyzing aging trends and correcting performance degradation indicators. It identifies the impact of normal aging trends on performance degradation indicators, allowing the corrected indicators to more accurately reflect abnormal performance degradation and avoid misjudging normal aging as faults. This enables the monitoring system to more accurately identify performance degradation. It conforms to the natural aging process of laser emitters during long-term operation while enhancing sensitivity to early abnormal faults, accurately reflecting the true operating status.

[0029] Preferably, the method for standardizing the change in voltage / current and the rate of change of voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment is as follows: the ratio of the change in voltage / current at the current moment to the reference voltage / reference current at the current moment is used as the standardized change in voltage / current; the ratio of the rate of change of voltage / current at the current moment to the standard deviation of the rate of change of voltage / current at historical moments is used as the standardized rate of change of voltage / current.

[0030] Preferably, the method for determining the operating status of the laser emitter based on a comparison between the health index and a preset health index threshold is as follows:

[0031] If the laser transmitter's health index at the current moment is greater than or equal to the preset health index threshold, the laser transmitter is determined to be operating abnormally at the current moment; if the laser transmitter's health index at the current moment is less than the preset health index threshold, the laser transmitter is determined to be operating normally at the current moment.

[0032] The present invention has the following effects:

[0033] This solution captures instantaneous dynamic risks by analyzing instantaneous abnormal indicators of the laser transmitter at each moment, and reflects the long-term performance degradation characteristics of the laser transmitter using performance degradation indicators. By integrating long-term performance degradation characteristics and instantaneous dynamic risks, it assesses whether the laser transmitter is in a healthy operating state. Furthermore, through aging trend analysis, it effectively eliminates normal fluctuations and natural aging interference, and can identify early physical changes such as slight decreases in electro-optical conversion efficiency and increases in waste heat. This avoids the lag of traditional monitoring methods that rely solely on output power, and improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring the operating status of the laser transmitter. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] This invention provides a method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0037] S1: Obtain multidimensional parameters of the laser emitter at each moment during operation.

[0038] Collecting multi-dimensional parameters at every moment during the operation of the laser emitter is the fundamental prerequisite for achieving comprehensive and accurate monitoring. These multi-dimensional parameters include voltage, current, reference drive power, actual drive power, and reference heat dissipation power. These parameters comprehensively characterize the operating status of the laser emitter from multiple dimensions such as electrical energy input, light energy output, and energy conversion. Through the collaborative analysis of multi-dimensional parameters, a comprehensive data foundation is provided for identifying early faults in the laser emitter.

[0039] In order to accurately monitor the operating status of the laser emitter, a benchmark prediction model is pre-built to obtain the benchmark voltage and benchmark current at each moment. These benchmark values ​​are the ideal parameters corresponding to maintaining the set power when the equipment is in a healthy state. These ideal parameters not only clarify the parameter fluctuation boundary during normal operation, but also provide a quantitative reference for judging the anomalies of actual parameters.

[0040] The benchmark prediction model can filter out environmental interference (such as parameter drift caused by temperature changes), making the deviation of actual voltage and current from the benchmark value accurately point to performance degradation. At the same time, the amount and rate of change calculated based on the benchmark value can be directly used to quantify instantaneous abnormal indicators, ensuring the ability to capture early fault signals such as "small deviations but rapid deterioration", fundamentally solving the problem of parameter fluctuations being difficult to define when there is no reference standard.

[0041] In one embodiment, the reference prediction model includes a reference current prediction model and a reference voltage prediction model, which are used to obtain the reference current and reference voltage at each time moment, and to determine the reference drive power at that time moment based on the reference current and reference voltage at each time moment.

[0042] Specifically, it includes:

[0043] Current and voltage sensors with a precision of 16 bits or higher were selected to collect the current and voltage data in the power closed-loop control system of the laser emitter. The sampling frequency of the sensors was set to 1 kHz to ensure that minute parameter fluctuations could be captured. A precision of [missing information] was selected. The temperature sensors collect ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the laser emitter, respectively.

[0044] Temperature sensors are installed on the laser emitter housing near the core heat-generating components and in representative locations within the laser emitter's environment. All sensors are connected to a data acquisition card, which is then connected to a computer via an interface to enable real-time data transmission and storage.

[0045] The laser emitter is turned on and begins real-time data acquisition, forming a data sequence containing current, voltage, ambient temperature, and internal temperature. Simultaneously, the set power is obtained from the laser emitter's power control system. After acquiring all data for 24 hours, a multiple linear regression method is used to automatically fit the functional relationships between voltage and ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power, as well as the functional relationships between current and ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power. Based on these two fitted functional relationships, a reference voltage prediction model and a reference current prediction model are obtained, which are used to predict the current and voltage that a healthy laser emitter should have under arbitrary temperature conditions (ambient temperature and internal temperature) and set power conditions, i.e., the reference current and reference voltage.

[0046] The reference current prediction model is as follows:

[0047] ;

[0048] In this formula, for The reference current (model prediction) at time t, which is at Time-set power Under the given temperature and conditions, the theoretical current value of a healthy laser emitter is... The constant intercept term represents the basic static current consumption of the laser emitter when the set power is 0 and the reference temperature is reached. In other words, when the laser emitter does not output laser power and the ambient temperature is at the reference temperature, the minimum current generated by the laser emitter itself due to circuit standby, power consumption of basic components, etc. and The average values ​​of all ambient temperatures and all internal temperatures collected over a 24-hour period are used as reference points for calculating the temperature difference. The temperature conditions are determined by... and It was decided jointly. for The ambient temperature at any given time for The internal temperature at any given moment It is electric current Influence coefficient on set power It is the ambient temperature coefficient. It is the internal temperature coefficient.

[0049] In this formula, This section contains power-related items, reflecting the change in current for every unit increase in the set power. The expected normal increase This section covers the impact of ambient temperature, and is used to compensate for fluctuations in current caused by changes in ambient temperature. Part of this item is related to internal temperature effects, which is used to compensate for the normal effects on current caused by changes in the thermal state of the laser emitter itself.

[0050] The reference current prediction model encompasses all the major factors affecting the drive current (output task, external environment, internal thermal state). It enables the accurate separation of fluctuations caused by normal operating conditions and environmental changes from complex measured current values, laying the foundation for subsequent identification of true anomalies.

[0051] The reference voltage prediction model is as follows:

[0052] ;

[0053] In this formula, for The reference voltage (model prediction) at time 10:00 is... Time-set power and temperature conditions (by and (Determined jointly), the theoretical voltage value of a healthy laser emitter. The constant intercept term represents the base static voltage of the laser emitter at a set power of 0 and a reference temperature. and The average values ​​of all ambient temperatures and all internal temperatures collected over a 24-hour period are used as reference points for calculating the temperature difference. for The ambient temperature at any given time for The internal temperature at any given moment It is voltage Influence coefficient on set power It is the ambient temperature coefficient. It is the internal temperature coefficient.

[0054] In this formula, This section contains power-related items, reflecting the voltage change for every unit increase in the set power. The expected normal increase. Part of this item is related to the influence of ambient temperature. This item is used to compensate for voltage fluctuations caused by changes in ambient temperature. Part of this item is related to internal temperature effects, which is used to compensate for the normal effects on voltage caused by changes in the thermal state of the laser emitter itself.

[0055] The reference voltage prediction model encompasses all major factors affecting voltage (output task, external environment, and internal thermal state). It enables the accurate separation of fluctuations caused by normal operating conditions and environmental changes from complex measured voltage values, laying the foundation for subsequent identification of true anomalies.

[0056] To further explain, the coefficients in both the benchmark current prediction model and the benchmark voltage prediction model are automatically obtained from 24-hour health status data using a linear fitting method based on multiple linear regression. Taking the benchmark current prediction model as an example, its core is to use current as the dependent variable and set power, ambient temperature difference, and internal temperature difference as independent variables to construct a linear regression equation. In the 24-hour health data sequence, each moment corresponds to a set of independent and dependent variable data. The linear fitting process essentially involves calculating a set of coefficients using an algorithm. This minimizes the error between the reference current predicted by the equation and the actual current collected (usually using the least squares method to minimize the sum of squared errors of the current at all times).

[0057] For example, Substituting into the linear regression equation, we get The coefficients are iteratively optimized using a linear regression algorithm until the equation provides the best fit to all data; these coefficients are then used as the final parameters for the model. Mathematical methods are used to quantify the correlation between the current under healthy conditions and various influencing factors into specific coefficients, ensuring that the model accurately reflects the parametric characteristics of a healthy laser emitter.

[0058] Similarly, the coefficients of the benchmark voltage prediction model are also obtained by using the same multiple linear regression fitting method, based on the health data of voltage and various influencing factors.

[0059] After the baseline prediction model has been learned, the baseline value is dynamically adaptive. At any given time, the reference current can be predicted using the reference current prediction model. The reference voltage at that moment is predicted based on the reference voltage prediction model. Then the reference drive power at that moment The reference heat dissipation power at that moment .

[0060] During the operation of a laser transmitter, according to the law of conservation of energy and the physical working principle of the laser transmitter, the energy conversion process follows the rule of "input electrical energy (driving power) + output optical energy (set power) + heat dissipation loss (reference heat dissipation power)". Since the electro-optical conversion efficiency cannot reach 100% in reality (due to inherent losses such as circuit loss, optical path loss, and component heating), the input reference driving power (electrical energy) will be greater than the output set power (optical energy). The difference between the two is the reference heat dissipation power (dissipated in the form of heat energy).

[0061] The reference drive power is the theoretical electrical input power of a laser emitter under healthy conditions, which is obtained by fitting a dynamic reference prediction model based on parameters such as set power, ambient temperature, and internal temperature. It represents the standard energy consumption for maintaining the set power output under healthy conditions.

[0062] Actual driving power is the electrical input power collected in real time during the monitoring process. It is equal to the product of the actual voltage and the actual current at the current moment, reflecting the actual energy consumption of the laser emitter during operation.

[0063] The set power is set by the user according to the output requirements of the laser transmitter, that is, the expected amount of light energy output by the laser transmitter. It is the light power index that the laser transmitter needs to achieve when it is running. It does not involve the input of electrical energy and is only related to the output light energy.

[0064] The reference heat dissipation power is the portion of the reference driving power that is not converted into the set power due to inherent losses in photoelectric conversion when the laser emitter is in a healthy state. The reference heat dissipation power equals the reference driving power minus the set power. The reference heat dissipation power is dissipated in the form of heat, reflecting the heat dissipation caused by energy conversion losses in the laser emitter under healthy conditions, and serves as a benchmark for measuring normal heat dissipation levels.

[0065] S2: Evaluate the instantaneous anomaly indicators of the laser emitter.

[0066] During the operation of a laser transmitter, the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency caused by early faults will be transformed into minor abnormal fluctuations in parameters such as voltage and current through the closed-loop control system. However, these fluctuations are often masked by parameter fluctuations under normal operating conditions. Instantaneous abnormal indicators can focus on additional changes in parameters that deviate from healthy benchmarks. By quantifying the magnitude and rate of these changes, potential risks such as "minor deviations but rapid deterioration" can be accurately identified, providing real-time and dynamic quantitative evidence for early fault warning and preventing faults from accumulating in a hidden state and forming a vicious cycle.

[0067] In one embodiment, an instantaneous anomaly index of the laser emitter at the current moment is determined based on the amount and rate of change of the voltage and current of the laser emitter at the current moment, and the amount and rate of change of the voltage and current are set as positive vectorization indices of the instantaneous anomaly index.

[0068] First, the reference voltage and reference current at each moment are obtained using the reference voltage prediction model and the reference current prediction model as references. The change in voltage (actual voltage) at the current moment relative to the reference voltage at that moment (calculating the difference and then taking the absolute value) is obtained as the first voltage change, and the change in current (actual current) at the current moment relative to the reference current at that moment is obtained as the first current change. The change in voltage (actual voltage) at the previous moment relative to the reference voltage at the previous moment is obtained as the second voltage change, and the change in current at the previous moment relative to the reference current at the previous moment is obtained as the second current change. The changes are used to reflect the static deviation of voltage and current relative to the reference voltage and reference current.

[0069] Secondly, the difference between the first and second voltage changes is divided by the time interval (between the current and previous moments), and the resulting value is taken as the rate of change of voltage at the current moment. Similarly, the difference between the first and second current changes is divided by the time interval (between the current and previous moments), and the resulting value is taken as the rate of change of current at the current moment. The rates of change of voltage and current are used to reflect dynamic deviation trends.

[0070] Subsequently, the first voltage change, the first current change, the rate of change of voltage at the current moment, and the rate of change of current at the current moment are standardized to eliminate differences in magnitude, including:

[0071] The ratio of the first voltage change to the reference voltage at the current moment is used as the standardized voltage change; the ratio of the first current change to the reference current at the current moment is used as the standardized current change.

[0072] The standardized rate of change of voltage is the ratio of the absolute value of the rate of change of voltage at the current moment to the standard deviation of the rate of change of voltage at historical moments (50 moments prior to the current moment, empirical values). Similarly, the standardized rate of change of current is the ratio of the absolute value of the rate of change of current at the current moment to the standard deviation of the rate of change of current at historical moments (50 moments prior to the current moment, empirical values).

[0073] Finally, the standardized first voltage change and the rate of voltage change are multiplied to form a voltage dynamic risk term, and the standardized first current change and the rate of current change are multiplied to form a current dynamic risk term. The sum of the voltage dynamic risk term and the current dynamic risk term is used as the instantaneous anomaly indicator at the current moment, so as to achieve sensitive capture and accurate quantification of early decay signals.

[0074] For example, The instantaneous anomaly index at time t is:

[0075]

[0076] In this formula, for The instantaneous anomaly index at a given moment is a dimensionless numerical value. for The current at a given time relative to its reference current The change for The voltage at a given time relative to its reference voltage The change in quantity. for The rate of change of current at time t. for The rate of change of voltage at time t. It is the absolute value symbol. For all of history standard deviation For all of history The standard deviation represents the level of historical volatility.

[0077] In this formula, Yes The standardized processing reflects The magnitude of the deviation of the current from the healthy state at any given moment. Yes The standardized processing reflects The rate of change of current at any given time. for The dynamic risk terms of current at any given time are multiplied to realize the logic that "the greater the deviation from the healthy state and the faster the rate of change, the higher the risk."

[0078] In this formula, Yes The standardized processing reflects The magnitude of the voltage deviation from the healthy state at any given moment. Yes The standardized processing reflects The rate of change of voltage at any given moment. for The voltage dynamic risk term at any given time, through multiplication, realizes the logic that "the greater the deviation from the healthy state and the faster the rate of change, the higher the risk."

[0079] Finally, the two dynamic risk items are added together to quantify the results. The instantaneous anomaly index at a given time reflects the instantaneous anomaly risk at that moment. To avoid calculation errors caused by extreme cases, a threshold is set here. When it is 0, The part is considered as 1 when the whole is considered as 1. When it is 0, The whole is considered as 1, and transient abnormal indicators are assessed only based on the magnitude of the deviation from the healthy state. If If it is 0, then If the part is considered as 0, then the whole is considered as 0. If it is 0, then The whole is considered to be zero, and it is believed that there is no risk of instantaneous anomalies.

[0080] S3: Determine the performance degradation indicators of the laser emitter.

[0081] The instantaneous anomaly indicators at the current moment mainly reflect the parameter fluctuations at the current moment and can capture immediate anomalies, but it is difficult to reflect the cumulative effect of performance degradation; while the change in photoelectric conversion efficiency alone can only quantify the amount of degradation and cannot be correlated with its synergistic relationship with the increase in waste heat.

[0082] This step's performance degradation index, by integrating the dual dimensions of efficiency degradation and waste heat increase, not only compensates for the lack of a long-term perspective in instantaneous indicators but also overcomes the problem that a single efficiency parameter is not comprehensive enough in reflecting performance degradation. It can more systematically reflect the overall trend of laser emitter changes from "decreased electro-optical conversion efficiency → surge in waste heat → accelerated performance degradation," providing a comprehensive quantitative basis for assessing the health of laser emitters that takes into account both the degree of performance degradation and the impact of deterioration, making the judgment on long-term performance evolution more scientific and comprehensive.

[0083] In one embodiment, the process for determining the performance degradation metric of a laser emitter is as follows:

[0084] First, the performance degradation of laser emitters needs to be considered from two dimensions: "decreased electro-optical conversion efficiency" and "increased waste heat." From the perspective of the energy conversion physics mechanism of laser emitters, "decreased electro-optical conversion efficiency" and "increased waste heat" are core characteristics of laser emitter performance degradation that are interconnected yet each has its own emphasis. Together, they constitute a complete dimension for measuring the degree of degradation. Since the core function of a laser emitter is to efficiently convert electrical energy into light energy, the electro-optical conversion efficiency directly reflects the quality of this core performance. A decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency means a reduction in the light energy produced per unit of electrical energy, which is essentially a degradation of energy conversion capability and the fundamental characteristic of performance degradation. According to the law of conservation of energy, electrical energy that is not converted into light energy will be dissipated in the form of waste heat. Therefore, a decrease in efficiency is inevitably accompanied by an increase in waste heat. More importantly, an increase in waste heat is not only a result of efficiency degradation but also accelerates the aging of components, further reducing electro-optical conversion efficiency, forming a vicious cycle of "decreased electro-optical conversion efficiency → surge in waste heat → further decrease in efficiency." Increased waste heat is a key indicator of performance degradation and a worsening trend.

[0085] Focusing solely on the decline in electro-optical conversion efficiency fails to quantify the resulting thermal hazards and impact on system stability. Conversely, monitoring only the increase in waste heat makes it difficult to distinguish whether it's an inevitable consequence of efficiency degradation or a malfunction in the cooling system itself. Therefore, this step considers both dimensions, aligning with the physical laws of laser emitter energy conversion and fault evolution, allowing performance degradation indicators to more comprehensively reflect the actual health status of the equipment.

[0086] Then, the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter and the relative increase in waste heat at the current moment are obtained.

[0087] Regarding the relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency:

[0088] During the operation of a laser transmitter, the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency is in a relatively ideal state. The actual electro-optical conversion efficiency is usually lower than the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency. This is an inevitable result of equipment aging and efficiency decline, which is in line with the normal fault evolution process.

[0089] The reference electro-optical conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of the laser emitter's set power at the current moment to its reference driving power at the current moment. The actual electro-optical conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of the laser emitter's set power at the current moment to its actual driving power at the current moment. The difference between the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency and the actual electro-optical conversion efficiency is taken as the rate of decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency. The ratio of the rate of decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency to the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency is taken as the relative rate of decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency.

[0090] For example, The voltage (actual voltage) at time t is The current (actual current) is The reference voltage is The reference current is The reference drive power is The power is set to .

[0091] Reference electro-optical conversion efficiency at time ;

[0092] The actual electro-optical conversion efficiency at time is , express Actual driving power at any given moment;

[0093] The decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency at time t ,Will As a measure of the relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency.

[0094] The relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency directly reflects the proportion of the degradation of electro-optical conversion efficiency relative to the ideal state, which is closer to the nature of performance degradation. For example, a relative decrease of 10% in electro-optical conversion efficiency means that the current electro-optical conversion efficiency is only 90% of the healthy state. This intuitively reflects the degradation ratio of core performance, and this ratio is more closely related to fault factors such as equipment aging and optical path contamination. It can effectively avoid the interference of "setting power" on electro-optical conversion efficiency (for example, the absolute efficiency value may be lower at a high setting power, but the relative decrease can accurately reflect its degradation relative to its own benchmark).

[0095] Regarding the relative increase in waste heat:

[0096] The difference between the actual driving power of the laser emitter at the current moment and the reference driving power at the current moment is taken as the driving power increment. The product of the set power of the laser emitter at the current moment and the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter at the current moment is taken as the compensation driving power. This reflects the additional driving power required by the power control system of the laser emitter to compensate for the light energy loss caused by the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency. Subtracting the compensation driving power from the driving power increment yields the waste heat increment. The waste heat increment is the additional waste heat power generated by the laser emitter during operation purely due to the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency. From the perspective of energy flow, when the electro-optical conversion efficiency decreases, the actual driving power will increase compared to the reference driving power (i.e., driving power increment). A portion of the driving power increment is used to compensate for the light energy loss caused by the decrease in efficiency (i.e., compensation driving power), while the remaining portion that cannot be converted into effective light energy is dissipated as heat energy, and this portion is the waste heat increment. It accurately reflects the direct correlation between efficiency decline and waste heat increase. It is an additional component that is distinct from the inherent waste heat during normal equipment operation, reflecting the extra heat load generated by the laser emitter due to performance degradation.

[0097] The ratio of the increase in waste heat to the baseline heat dissipation power is used as the relative increase in waste heat.

[0098] For example, The increment of driving power at time t is:

[0099]

[0100] In this formula, for The increment of driving power at any given moment express Actual driving power at any given moment for Reference drive power at time, for Voltage at a given moment (actual voltage). for Current at any given moment (actual current).

[0101] The compensation drive power at time is ;

[0102] The waste heat increment at time t is ;

[0103] The relative increase in waste heat at time is ,in, for The baseline heat dissipation power at any given time.

[0104] From the perspective of the energy conversion physics of laser emitters, this scheme accurately captures the energy dissipation during performance degradation by defining and calculating the relative increase in waste heat, specifically in the following aspects:

[0105] From a physical standpoint, the energy flow of a laser emitter follows the law of energy conservation: "Input electrical energy (driving power) = Output light energy (set power) + Heat dissipation power". The baseline heat dissipation power is an inherent part of the "energy difference between input and output" under healthy conditions, while the waste heat increment represents the "extra ineffective energy dissipated" after efficiency decline. The relative increase obtained by comparing the waste heat increment with the baseline heat dissipation power essentially reflects the proportion of "extra ineffective energy consumption" to "normal ineffective energy consumption". For example, a relative increase of 20% means that the current waste heat dissipates 20% more of the baseline heat dissipation power than in the healthy state, directly quantifying the increased thermal burden effect caused by efficiency degradation.

[0106] From the perspective of fault evolution logic, this indicator complements the relative decline in electro-optical conversion efficiency: the relative decline in efficiency reflects the degradation of effective energy conversion capability, while the relative increase in waste heat reflects the "deterioration of ineffective energy dissipation." The two not only have a causal relationship (efficiency decline inevitably leads to increased waste heat) but also comprehensively reflect the synergistic effect of "aggravated derivative hazards." For example, when efficiency declines by 10% and waste heat increases by 20%, the product includes both the loss of energy conversion capability and the amplified effect of thermal hazards, reflecting the physical law of "electro-optical conversion efficiency decline → heat accumulation → accelerated performance deterioration" better than a single indicator.

[0107] From a monitoring perspective, this scheme, by subtracting the compensation drive power from the increase in drive power, eliminates the "effective compensation energy consumption invested to maintain light output," retaining only the "waste heat dissipated purely due to efficiency degradation." This ensures the physical purity of the waste heat increment. Comparing this to the baseline heat dissipation power then makes the indicator comparable across devices and operating conditions. Whether at low or high power, the relative increase consistently reflects the deviation of the thermal state from a healthy baseline, providing a standardized quantitative signal of thermal load deterioration for early fault warning. This effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional methods that only monitor output power, making the detection of hidden energy dissipation anomalies more accurate and proactive.

[0108] Finally, the sum of the relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency and the relative increase in waste heat at the current moment is determined as the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment. This index can accurately and comprehensively quantify the performance degradation state of the laser emitter, integrating the synergistic effect of "core capability degradation" and "aggravated derivative hazards" at the current moment. The relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency reflects the proportion of degradation in the core energy conversion performance, while the relative increase in waste heat reflects the proportion of deterioration in ineffective energy consumption. The sum of the two reflects the combined effect of "efficiency degradation + waste heat increase".

[0109] For example, Performance degradation metrics at any time for:

[0110]

[0111] In this formula, for The rate of decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency at any given time. for The reference electro-optical conversion efficiency at that time. for The increment of driving power at any given moment for The set power at any time, for The baseline heat dissipation power at any given time. The relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency. This represents the relative increase in waste heat.

[0112] To ensure the robustness of the calculation, when or When the calculation result is 0, set it to a very small positive number, for example, set it to 0. .

[0113] S4: Analyze aging trends to dynamically adjust performance degradation indicators.

[0114] During long-term use, laser emitters undergo a slow and normal performance degradation process. To avoid misjudging this normal and predictable aging as a fault requiring immediate intervention, this step eliminates the influence of the normal aging trend, obtaining the final performance degradation index. This allows the monitoring system to focus more on identifying truly abnormal performance degradation.

[0115] Performance degradation indicators are calculated based on real-time monitoring data (such as decreased efficiency and increased waste heat) to represent the actual, measurable degree of performance decline. It is an objective indicator describing the performance degradation of a laser emitter, and is actually the result of two combined factors: First, normal aging: the slow and predictable wear and tear of components due to prolonged operation, which is unavoidable. Second, abnormal degradation: non-linear and accelerated performance degradation caused by specific reasons (such as potential defects, overload, and environmental deterioration). This is a precursor to failure and a true indicator requiring early warning. Therefore, the performance degradation trend included in the health index encompasses both "normal aging" and "abnormal degradation."

[0116] Normal aging naturally reduces electro-optical conversion efficiency and slowly increases waste heat, directly raising the value of performance degradation indicators. If these aging effects are not eliminated, the performance degradation indicators include both the expected degradation due to normal aging and the potential risk of abnormal failures, resulting in a false increase in performance degradation indicators. This can easily lead to normal aging being misjudged as failures requiring urgent attention, resulting in a waste of maintenance resources.

[0117] Therefore, this step eliminates the impact of normal aging and dynamically corrects the performance degradation index, so that the corrected performance degradation index can accurately reflect the "unexpected risks" other than normal aging, ensuring that the subsequent health index is not affected by normal aging and remains highly sensitive to abnormal failures.

[0118] Performance degradation caused by non-aging factors differs significantly from normal aging in its mechanisms and manifestations, such as the following:

[0119] Sudden hardware failures, such as damage to the laser diode junction, can directly reduce the electro-optical conversion efficiency, forcing an increase in actual driving power to maintain the set power, resulting in a sharp increase in waste heat and pushing up the value of the performance degradation index. Contamination or displacement of optical lenses will increase optical path loss, causing unconverted energy to accumulate in the form of waste heat, which in turn pushes up the value of the performance degradation index.

[0120] When subjected to extreme operating conditions, such as a sudden rise in ambient temperature beyond the normal range, the heat dissipation system cannot dissipate waste heat in time, which will accelerate the decline in electro-optical conversion efficiency, forming a "thermal runaway" cycle, increasing ineffective energy consumption (waste heat) and pushing up the value of performance degradation indicators.

[0121] Improper maintenance or parameter mismatch, such as prolonged lack of cleaning of heat dissipation channels leading to decreased heat dissipation capacity, will cause waste heat to be unable to be discharged in time, thus increasing the value of performance degradation indicators; parameter calibration deviations in the power closed-loop control system will cause an imbalance between the "actual drive power increment" and the "efficiency compensation drive power", resulting in an abnormal increase in waste heat increment, which in turn increases the value of performance degradation indicators.

[0122] In one embodiment, the method for analyzing aging trends to dynamically adjust performance degradation indicators is as follows:

[0123] The aging factor of the laser emitter is quantified by the ratio of the laser emitter's operating time to its design life. The performance degradation component caused by the aging trend is quantified by the product of the aging factor and the performance degradation index. The performance degradation component caused by the aging trend is removed from the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment to obtain the corrected performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment.

[0124] For example, laser emitters in The performance degradation metric at any given time is adjusted according to the following formula:

[0125]

[0126] In this formula, for Performance degradation metrics adjusted over time for Performance degradation metrics at any given time. The design life of a laser emitter is the total time the device can operate stably under normal aging rates, calculated from data collected by the manufacturer or from actual data of the same batch. This is the total operating time of the laser emitter. Essentially, this reflects the aging coefficient of the laser emitter; the longer the operating time, the higher this ratio, and the more significant the aging effect. When the laser emitter first starts operating... , , Almost no corrections are needed, which aligns with the reality that the aging of new equipment has minimal impact; when the laser emitter approaches its design life... , , This aligns with the rule that performance degradation indicators should approach 0 when equipment reaches its aging limit; during the intermediate process, as operating time increases, Increase The reduction in performance degradation indicators reflects the degradation caused by normal aging, thus avoiding misjudging normal aging as a failure.

[0127] After the formula is expanded , This partially quantifies the performance degradation component caused by aging trends, and measures the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment. By removing (subtracting) the performance degradation component caused by aging trends, we obtain the corrected performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment. .

[0128] S5: Determine the health index by combining instantaneous abnormality indicators and performance degradation indicators.

[0129] Quantifying health indicators by combining transient anomaly indicators and performance degradation indicators is a core step in achieving a comprehensive and dynamic assessment of the health status of laser transmitters. Transient anomaly indicators and performance degradation indicators are complementary and synergistic in their monitoring dimensions: transient anomaly indicators focus on the immediate stability of laser transmitter operation, sensitively capturing sudden fluctuations in parameters through changes in voltage and current and their rates of change, reflecting current dynamic risks; while performance degradation indicators focus on long-term performance degradation trends, quantifying the cumulative degree of performance degradation through relative changes in electro-optical conversion efficiency and waste heat, reflecting the performance loss of the laser transmitter.

[0130] In one embodiment, the product of the laser emitter's performance degradation index and its instantaneous anomaly index at the current moment is determined as the laser emitter's health index at that moment. This is because relying solely on the instantaneous anomaly index may misjudge normal fluctuations as faults or ignore the risk of slow degradation that is already nearing its critical point. Relying solely on the performance degradation index fails to detect the immediate failure risk caused by short-term drastic fluctuations. Therefore, by multiplying the two, the health index includes both the fundamental risk of long-term degradation and the immediate dynamic risk, allowing the assessment result to reflect both the degree of performance degradation and instantaneous stability. For example, if the performance degradation index is high (severe long-term wear and tear) and the instantaneous anomaly index suddenly increases (current drastic fluctuations), the product result will significantly amplify the risk signal, accurately reflecting the abnormal state of long-term degradation combined with short-term instability. This aligns with the actual operating principle of laser emitters, where "chronic wear and acute fluctuations jointly determine health," providing a more comprehensive and accurate quantitative basis for maintenance decisions.

[0131] Since the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment has been corrected in the previous step, the performance degradation index here refers to the corrected performance degradation index.

[0132] For example, Health indicators at any time , for Instantaneous abnormal indicators at any given moment for Performance degradation metrics after real-time adjustments.

[0133] S6: Monitor operational status based on health indicators.

[0134] The health index has eliminated interference from normal aging, and its value directly reflects the level of unexpected risks currently faced by the laser emitter. Follow steps S1 to S5 to obtain the laser emitter's... Health indicators at any time, and Health metrics from the previous 50 time points were used, and then normalized using a maximum-minimum method. The health index at any given time is normalized to fall within the range of [0,1].

[0135] A health threshold of 0.8 was set (this empirical value comprehensively considers the balance between fault warning sensitivity and false alarm rate of the laser transmitter under typical operating conditions). At each moment of laser transmitter operation, if the health index is greater than or equal to 0.8, the abnormal decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency and the abnormal increase in waste heat have formed a significant synergistic effect, and the instantaneous fluctuations of voltage and current have exceeded the stable range under normal operating conditions. This is consistent with the characteristics of the laser transmitter malfunctioning or approaching a critical fault state, and is judged as an abnormal operation. If the health index is less than 0.8, it indicates that the synergistic effect of the abnormal decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency and the abnormal increase in waste heat is at a low level, and the core performance and operational stability of the laser transmitter are within the normal range, and is judged as normal operation.

[0136] In summary, by comparing health indicators with thresholds, this monitoring mechanism avoids misjudgments caused by normal aging interference and accurately captures abnormal states caused by non-aging factors. This ensures that the judgment of the operating status matches the actual health level of the laser transmitter, providing a quantitative basis for timely maintenance measures (such as troubleshooting in case of abnormality and routine inspection in case of normality), and effectively balancing the timeliness and accuracy of fault warnings.

[0137] While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in this specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter, characterized in that, include: The system acquires the voltage, current, reference drive power, actual drive power, and reference heat dissipation power of the laser emitter at each moment during operation, and sets any one moment as the current moment. Based on the changes and rates of change of the voltage and current of the laser emitter at the current moment, the instantaneous anomaly index of the laser emitter at the current moment is determined, including: standardizing the changes and rates of change of the voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment; multiplying the standardized changes and rates of change of the voltage / current to form a voltage / current dynamic risk term; and using the sum of the voltage dynamic risk term and the current dynamic risk term as the instantaneous anomaly index at the current moment, and setting the changes and rates of change of the voltage and current as positive vectorization indicators of the instantaneous anomaly index. Determine the change in voltage and current and their respective rates of change at the current moment: The difference between the voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment and the reference voltage / current at the current moment is taken as the change in voltage / current at the current moment; the difference between the voltage / current of the laser emitter at the previous moment and the reference voltage / current at the previous moment is taken as the change in voltage / current at the previous moment; the change in voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment is subtracted from the change in voltage / current at the previous moment, and then divided by the time interval between the current moment and the previous moment to obtain the rate of change in voltage / current at the current moment. The sum of the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter at the current moment and the relative increase in waste heat is determined as the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment; wherein, the relative decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency is determined based on the ratio of the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency to the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency; and the relative increase in waste heat is determined based on the ratio of the increase in waste heat to the reference heat dissipation power. The product of the laser emitter's performance degradation index and the laser emitter's instantaneous abnormality index at the current moment is determined as the laser emitter's health index at the current moment. The operating status of the laser emitter is determined based on the comparison between the health index and the preset health index threshold, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the laser emitter.

2. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference drive power is determined based on the following method: The voltage, current, ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power of the laser emitter are collected in advance at each moment during its healthy operation. Using voltage / current as the dependent variable and ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power as independent variables, the functional relationship between voltage / current and ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power is determined through data fitting operations, resulting in a prediction model for reference voltage / reference current. This prediction model is used to predict the reference voltage / reference current at each moment based on the ambient temperature, internal temperature, and set power. The product of the reference voltage and reference current at each moment is used as the reference drive power at that moment.

3. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference heat dissipation power is determined based on the following method: The value obtained by subtracting the set power of the laser emitter at each moment from the reference driving power of the laser emitter at that moment is used as the reference heat dissipation power of the laser emitter at that moment.

4. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency and the reference electro-optical conversion efficiency were determined based on the following method: The reference electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment is the ratio of the laser emitter's set power to the reference driving power at the current moment. The actual electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment is the ratio of the set power of the laser emitter at the current moment to the actual driving power at the current moment. The difference between the current reference electro-optical conversion efficiency and the actual electro-optical conversion efficiency is taken as the decrease in electro-optical conversion rate.

5. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The increase in waste heat is determined based on the following method: The difference between the actual driving power of the laser emitter at the current moment and the reference driving power at the current moment is used as the driving power increment; The compensation drive power is the product of the laser emitter's set power at the current moment and the relative decrease in the laser emitter's electro-optical conversion efficiency at the current moment. The compensation drive power is used to reflect the additional drive power required by the laser emitter's power control system to compensate for the light energy loss caused by the decrease in electro-optical conversion efficiency. The waste heat increment is obtained by subtracting the compensation drive power from the drive power increment.

6. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the sum of the relative decrease in the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the laser emitter at the current moment and the relative increase in waste heat as the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment, the performance degradation index is further corrected by analyzing the aging trend, including: The aging factor of the laser emitter is quantified by the ratio of the laser emitter's operating time to its design life. The performance degradation component caused by the aging trend is quantified by the product of the aging factor and the performance degradation index. The performance degradation component caused by the aging trend is removed from the performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment to obtain the corrected performance degradation index of the laser emitter at the current moment.

7. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for standardizing the change in voltage / current and the rate of change of voltage / current of the laser emitter at the current moment is as follows: The ratio of the change in voltage / current at the current moment to the reference voltage / current at the current moment is used as the standardized change in voltage / current. The standardized rate of change of voltage / current is the ratio of the current rate of change to the standard deviation of the rate of change of voltage / current at historical times.

8. The method for monitoring the operating status of a laser emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the operating status of a laser emitter based on a comparison between health indicators and preset health indicator thresholds is as follows: If the laser transmitter's health index at the current moment is greater than or equal to the preset health index threshold, the laser transmitter is determined to be operating abnormally at the current moment; if the laser transmitter's health index at the current moment is less than the preset health index threshold, the laser transmitter is determined to be operating normally at the current moment.

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