Personnel evacuation simulation method considering panic emotion and competitive behavior

Abstract

The invention discloses a person evacuation simulation method considering panic emotion and competitive behaviors. The method comprises the steps of building a digital model of a building, gridding a building space and initializing evacuated persons; calculating the panic value of the personnel, judging the state of the personnel, and enabling the personnel in the panic state to randomly move to the surrounding blank neighborhood; constructing a normal personnel behavior rule based on the field intensity model; the personnel competitiveness value is calculated, when multiple evacuators compete for the same grid, the evacuator with the highest competitiveness value obtains the priority passing right of the position, and the loser keeps still; and the personnel position is updated until evacuation is completed. The model fully considers the panic emotion and competitive behaviors of the personnel in the evacuation process, restores the evacuation process of the personnel more truly, and provides support for optimization of evacuation management.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of chemical production safety management, and particularly relates to a personnel evacuation simulation method considering panic emotion and competitive behavior. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous extension of the city range and the rapid rise of the number of residents, social and economic activities and cultural interactions are increasing, and the scale and frequency of group activities in various large public places are also significantly improved. When a crisis occurs, this situation undoubtedly increases the difficulty of evacuating the crowd. The cause of the event is often because the local action of individual personnel in the flowing crowd gradually spreads, that is, the heterogeneity between personnel is obvious. When facing fire, gas leakage, flood, terrorist attack and other dangerous situations or other interference factors, individuals in public places are prone to panic or stress reaction, which in turn leads to group state disorder, showing a disordered situation of interweaving and pushing each other. In-depth analysis of the evacuation psychology of personnel helps to improve the evacuation efficiency of personnel.

[0003] The evacuation process in large public facilities is very complex, each evacuating personnel is an independent individual with self-awareness, and will show diverse psychological states in the escape process, which will affect the evacuation behavior of individuals. When the psychological state of individuals is unbalanced, it is likely to appear the action that threatens the safety of others, that is, non-adaptive evacuation behavior, which further interferes with the whole evacuation process. As a typical non-adaptive evacuation behavior, competitive behavior specifically embodies the actions such as rushing, pushing and even physical conflict that occur in the evacuation process. The current research on personnel evacuation behavior is relatively perfect, and the cellular automaton model has been widely applied to evacuation simulation.

[0004] In the context involving individual emotional fluctuations, current research focuses on the spread of panic emotion, the conformity effect of panic individuals, and the specific phenomena such as crowd regression, and explores the adverse effects of these factors on the evacuation process. However, the aggressiveness exhibited by panic individuals in the escape process is often ignored, and those in a state of panic often use means such as pulling others and rushing to move to speed up their own evacuation speed. This kind of competitive behavior may further exacerbate the chaos of group order and reduce the overall evacuation efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a personnel evacuation simulation method considering panic emotion and competitive behavior, perfects the cellular automaton model of the existing personnel emergency evacuation behavior in public places, reveals the influence law of personnel panic psychology and competitive behavior on the evacuation process in the evacuation process, and provides a more accurate personnel emergency evacuation model.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a personnel evacuation simulation method considering panic emotion and competitive behavior, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, build a digital model according to the actual structure and size of the building;

[0008] Step 2, grid the building space, and set the state of each cell to represent its occupancy state;

[0009] Step 3, initialize the evacuation personnel, set parameters according to the physical and psychological conditions of the personnel, and randomly place the personnel in the blank cells;

[0010] Step 4, use the OCEAN model and SIS model to simulate the panic situation during the evacuation process, judge the current state of the personnel, and the personnel in panic state move randomly to the surrounding neighborhood;

[0011] Step 5, use the field strength model to simulate the behavior of personnel in normal state during the evacuation process, and construct the normal personnel behavior rules;

[0012] Step 6, when multiple evacuees compete for the same grid, calculate the competition value of the personnel, the evacuee with the highest competition value gets the priority right of passage, and the loser remains stationary;

[0013] Step 7, update the personnel position, remove the personnel when they reach the safety exit, continue the evacuation if there are still personnel in the scene, time step +1, and update the scene information, repeat steps 4, 5, and 6.

[0014] In step 3, the personnel parameters include personality values, gender, physical fitness, disability, risk perception degree, and safety attitude.

[0015] The state of personnel i at time t in step 4 is represented by the panic value K i (t) as follows:

[0016]

[0017] K increase is the panic infection value of personnel i at time t; K decay is the panic decay value of personnel i at time t.

[0018] Further, the field strength model of step 5 includes static field, dynamic field and danger source field, static field S ij represents the shortest path distance from each position to the nearest exit, which does not evolve with time, is not disturbed by moving personnel, rescue forces or danger sources, and only reflects the inherent properties of building layout; dynamic field represents the attraction of occupied cells to personnel in the previous simulation step; danger source field directly maps the personnel's risk avoidance decision mechanism by quantifying the spatial risk distribution, and individuals actively move away from danger source areas during the evacuation process.

[0019] Further, the normal personnel behavior rules in step 5 include: the Moore neighborhood is used for the cell, the time step is set to 0.5s, the global cell state is updated synchronously every time step, all evacuees are allowed to move at most one cell per time step, and only the cells in the domain can be selected; the personnel decision mechanism has high certainty; re-entry of an individual into a historically occupied cell is prohibited; all evacuees act in accordance with the principle of periodic synchronization; the spatial exclusion principle constitutes the core of the conflict mechanism: a single cell is allowed to be occupied by only one person at any time; when the target cell is already occupied, the individual initiating the movement request will enter a waiting state; only when the target cell becomes free in the next time step, the waiting personnel can move; if multiple evacuees compete for the same cell, the competition strength value of each personnel is calculated, and the evacuee with the highest competition strength value is given the priority right to pass through the position, and the loser remains stationary.

[0020] In step 6, when multiple personnel compete for the same cell, the personnel with stronger competition ability is selected to enter the competition position by comparing the current competition strength values of each personnel, and the competition strength value C is calculated as follows:

[0021]

[0022] A represents the current state of the personnel; D represents the centroid distance between the current cell point of the evacuee and the selected cell point in the next period;

[0023]

[0024] G represents the gender of the evacuee, and in this paper, considering that male homosexuals are slightly stronger than females in physical fitness, G takes 1 when the evacuee is male, and G takes 0.7 when the evacuee is female; M is the personnel risk perception, which takes [1, 5]; N is the personnel safety attitude value, which takes [1, 5]; H is the current physical state of the personnel, which takes [0.3, 1]; and W represents the disability degree of the evacuee, which takes a value of 1-10, and the larger the value, the more serious the disability, and a value of 1 indicates no disability.

[0025] The panic infection value represents the increased panic value of personnel i at time t affected by factors such as the individual's own psychological factors, other evacuees around, the evacuation environment, and the danger source, and the panic infection value of personnel i at time t is calculated as follows:

[0026]

[0027] K i is the panic value of personnel i at time t; K j is the panic value of panic transmission personnel j at time t; SP i is the ability of personnel i to receive the panic emotions of others; CP i is the ability of personnel i to spread their own panic emotions; d ijis the distance between personnel i and j; R e is the panic spreading radius, with a maximum value of 2m;

[0028] The panic attenuation value represents the panic value reduced by person i at time t due to his / her own emotional regulation, the influence of other evacuated people around him / her, the evacuation environment and the influence of the danger source. The panic attenuation value of person i at time t is calculated as:

[0029]

[0030] λ is the scene adjustment factor, which can adjust the speed of emotion decay in different situations; ρ is the emotion adjustment factor, which adjusts the emotion decay in different moments and situations; sg (group size) represents the group size. The larger the group, the slower the emotion decay and the longer the evacuation time.

[0031] K i (t-1) is the panic value of person i at time t-1.

[0032] The ability of person i to receive external panic emotions and to spread his or her own panic emotions is regulated by personality traits. Therefore, the OCEAN model is used to combine the different personality dimensions of evacuees with their panic emotions, and the personality of the person i is divided into five aspects: adventurousness, responsibility, extroversion, altruism, and sensitivity.

[0033] In step 4, a panic threshold is set to determine the panic state of the personnel. When the real-time panic value of the personnel exceeds the preset threshold, the personnel is determined to have entered a panic state. In this state, the individual's cognitive function is significantly reduced, and the individual is unable to correctly identify the surrounding environment information and make rational decisions during the evacuation process. Therefore, a blank neighborhood is randomly selected for movement. In a normal state, the personnel move according to normal human behavior rules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the Moore-type neighborhood in the model described in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a simulation flow chart of a personnel evacuation model that takes into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] As Figure 2 shown, the personnel evacuation simulation method considering panic emotion and competitive behavior of the application comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Build a digital model according to the actual structure and size of the building.

[0039] Step 2: Grid the building space, and set the state of each cell to represent its occupancy state.

[0040] The pedestrian evacuation space is divided into uniform two-dimensional square grid cells, and the state of each cell contains occupation by pedestrians, occupation by obstacles, or vacancy. The size of the grid cell is set to be the typical individual floor area of 0.4m x 0.4m. The model divides the evacuating crowd into panic and non-panic, and uses the classic Moore neighborhood structure, as shown in Figure 1 , which covers the center grid and its surrounding 8 cells. Each individual can move at most one cell length per time step.

[0041] Step 3: Initialize the evacuation personnel, set the parameters according to the physical and psychological conditions of the personnel, and randomly place the personnel in the blank cells. Personnel parameters include personality value, gender, physical fitness, disability condition, risk perception degree, and safety attitude.

[0042] Step 4: Use the OCEAN model and SIS model to simulate the panic situation during the personnel evacuation process, judge the current state of the personnel, and move randomly in the surrounding neighborhood if the personnel are in a panic state.

[0043] Determine the panic state of the personnel by setting the panic threshold. When the real-time panic value of the personnel exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the personnel enter a panic state. In this state, the cognitive function of the individual decreases significantly, and the individual cannot correctly identify the surrounding environment information to make rational decisions, so it randomly selects a blank neighborhood to move. Personnel in a normal state move according to normal personnel behavior rules.

[0044] The ability of personnel to receive external panic emotion and the ability to spread their own panic emotion are adjusted by personality traits, so the OCEAN model is used to combine different personality dimensions of evacuees with their panic emotions. The personality of the personnel is divided into five aspects: exploration, responsibility, extroversion, altruism, and sensitivity. The personnel attributes are represented by the function :

[0045]

[0046] Each attribute value is between [0, 1], t O represents the exploration of the personnel, t C represents the responsibility of the personnel; t E represents the extroversion of the personnel;A Indicates personnel altruism; t N Indicates personnel sensitivity;

[0047] Calculate the ability of person i to receive panic emotions from others:

[0048] CP i =t E +t E +t O

[0049] Calculate the ability of person i to spread his own panic:

[0050] SP i =(t A +t E +t C )×μt N

[0051] μ is the sensitivity coefficient, and its value can adjust the infection rate.

[0052] Calculate the panic value K of person i at time t i (t):

[0053]

[0054] K increase is the panic infection value of person i at time t; K decay is the panic attenuation value of person i at time t.

[0055] Among them, the panic infection value represents the increased panic value of person i at time t due to factors such as his own psychological factors, other evacuees around him, the evacuation environment and the source of danger.

[0056] Calculate the panic infection value of person i at time t:

[0057]

[0058] K i is the panic value of person i at time t; K j is the panic value of panic spreader j at time t; SP i The ability of person i to receive panic emotions from others; CP i The ability for person i to spread his own panic; d ij is the distance between personnel i and j; R e is the panic spreading radius, with a maximum value of 2m;

[0059] The panic attenuation value represents the reduction in panic value of person i at time t due to his or her own emotional regulation, the influence of other evacuees around him or her, the evacuation environment, and the influence of the danger source. The panic attenuation value of person i at time t is calculated as follows:

[0060]

[0061] λ is the scene adjustment factor, which can adjust the emotional decay rate in different situations; ρ is the emotional adjustment factor, which adjusts the emotional decay in different time and situations; sg (group size) represents the group size, the larger the group, the slower the emotional decay, and the longer the evacuation time;

[0062] K i (t-1) is the panic value of personnel i at t-1 time.

[0063] Step 5, the behavior of personnel in normal state in the evacuation process is simulated by using the field strength model, and the normal personnel behavior rule is constructed.

[0064] The field strength model includes static field, dynamic field and danger source field.

[0065] Static field S ij represents the shortest path distance from each position to the nearest exit, which does not evolve and update with time, is not disturbed by moving personnel, rescue forces or danger sources, and only reflects the inherent properties of building layout. The static field S ij is calculated as follows:

[0066]

[0067] (x ek , y ek ) is the position coordinate of the kth exit, and (x ij , y ij ) is the current position coordinate of the cell

[0068] Dynamic field represents the attraction of the occupied cell to personnel in the last simulation step, and the dynamic field

[0069]

[0070] δ is the diffusion coefficient, ω is the decay coefficient, t is the time step, and n is the number of adjacent cells.

[0071] The danger source field directly maps the personnel's risk avoidance decision mechanism by quantifying the spatial risk distribution. In the evacuation process, individuals actively move away from the danger source area. The danger source field L ij is calculated as follows:

[0072]

[0073] l is the danger source, (x l , y l ) is the position coordinate of the danger source, and (xij , y ij ) is the coordinate of the cell

[0074] The probability P of the person i moving to the location j ij , which is determined by the static field, dynamic field and hazard field.

[0075] P ij = N -1 exp(k s S ij +k d D ij +k l L ij )(1-σ ij )ε ij

[0076]

[0077] N is a normalization coefficient, k s , k d , k l are the coefficients of the static field, dynamic field and hazard field, σ is the state of the pedestrian, =0 when occupied, =1 when empty, and ε is the state of the object.

[0078] Step 6, when multiple evacuees compete for the same grid, the person's competitiveness value is calculated, and the evacuee with the highest competitiveness value obtains the priority right to pass through the location, and the loser remains stationary.

[0079] Further, the model sets a conflict mechanism: only one person is allowed to occupy a single cell at any time; when the target cell is occupied, the individual initiating the movement request will enter a waiting state; only when the target cell becomes free at the next time step, the waiting person can move; if multiple evacuees compete for the same grid, the person's competitiveness value is calculated, and the evacuee with the highest competitiveness value obtains the priority right to pass through the location, and the loser remains stationary. The person's competitiveness value C is calculated as follows:

[0080]

[0081] A represents the current state of the person; D represents the centroid distance between the current cell point of the evacuee and the selected cell point in the next period;

[0082]

[0083] G represents the gender of the evacuee, in this paper, considering that the physical fitness of gay men is slightly stronger than that of women, so when the evacuee is a man, G takes 1, and when the evacuee is a woman, G takes 0.7; M is the risk perception of personnel, taking [1, 5]; N is the safety attitude value of personnel, taking [1, 5]; H is the current physical state of personnel, taking [0.3, 1]; W represents the degree of disability of the evacuee, taking 1-10, the larger the value, the more serious the degree of disability, and taking 1 means no disability.

[0084] Step 7, update the position of the personnel, remove the personnel after reaching the safety exit, until all the personnel reach the exit, if there are still personnel in the scene, continue to evacuate, time step +1, and update the scene information, repeat step 4, step 5, step 6.

[0085] In this embodiment, by embedding the micro behavior of pedestrians into the pedestrian simulation model based on cellular automata, combining the field strength model, OCEAN model and SIS model, fully considering the panic emotion and competitive behavior of personnel in the evacuation process, the original pedestrian evacuation simulation model is optimized, and the evacuation process of personnel is more truly restored.

Claims

1. A personnel evacuation simulation method considering panic emotions and competitive behavior, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Build a digital model based on the actual structure and size of the building; Step 2: Grid the building space and set the state of each cell to represent its occupancy state; Step 3: Initialize the evacuated personnel, set parameters according to their physical and psychological conditions, and place them uniformly and randomly in blank cells; Step 4: Use the OCEAN model and SIS model to simulate the panic situation during the evacuation process, determine the current status of the personnel, and randomly move the personnel in a panic state to the surrounding neighborhood; Step 5: Use the field strength model to simulate the behavior of people in a normal state during the evacuation process and construct normal human behavior rules; Step 6: When multiple evacuees compete for the same grid, their competitiveness values ​​are calculated. The evacuee with the highest competitiveness value obtains priority access to that location, while the losers remain stationary. Step 7: Update the personnel position. Remove the personnel after they reach the safe exit until all personnel have reached the exit. If there are still personnel in the scene, evacuation continues, time step +1, and update the scene information. Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6.

2. The method for simulating evacuation of personnel taking into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The personnel parameters in step 3 include the personnel's personality value, gender, physical fitness, disability, risk perception level and safety attitude.

3. The method for simulating evacuation of personnel taking into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the state of person i at time t is determined by the panic value K i (t) means: K increase is the panic infection value of person i at time t; K decay is the panic attenuation value of person i at time t.

4. The method for simulating evacuation of personnel taking into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field strength model of step 5 includes static field, dynamic field and hazard source field. The static field S ij Indicates the shortest path distance from each location to the nearest exit. It does not evolve and update over time, nor is it affected by moving personnel, rescue forces, or danger sources. It only reflects the inherent properties of the building layout. It represents the attraction of the occupied cells to the personnel in the previous simulation step; the hazard source field directly maps the risk avoidance decision-making mechanism of the personnel by quantifying the spatial risk distribution, and individuals actively stay away from the hazard source area during the evacuation process.

5. The method for simulating evacuation of personnel taking into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normal personnel behavior rules in step 5 include: cells use Moore neighborhood, the time step is set to 0.5s, the global cell state is updated synchronously in each time step, and all evacuees are required to move at most one cell in one time step, and can only choose their own area cells; the personnel decision-making mechanism is highly deterministic; individuals are prohibited from re-entering cells that have been occupied in the past; all evacuees' actions follow the principle of periodic synchronization; the spatial mutual exclusion principle constitutes the core of the conflict mechanism: a single cell is only allowed to be occupied by one person at any time; when the target cell is occupied, the individual initiating the movement request will enter a waiting state; only when the target cell becomes free in the next time step can the waiting person move; if multiple evacuees compete for the same grid, the personnel competitiveness value is calculated, and the evacuee with the highest competitiveness value obtains priority access to the position, while the loser remains stationary.

6. The method for simulating personnel evacuation taking into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, when multiple people compete for the same cell, by comparing the current competitiveness values ​​of each person, the person with the strongest competitiveness is selected to enter the competition position, and the competitiveness value C is calculated: A represents the current status of the personnel; D represents the centroid distance between the cellular point where the evacuee is currently located and the cellular point selected in the next cycle; G represents the gender of the evacuees. In this paper, considering that male comrades have slightly better physical fitness than female comrades, when the evacuees are male, G is 1, and when the evacuees are female, G is 0.7; M is the risk perception of the personnel, which is [1, 5]; N is the safety attitude value of the personnel, which is [1, 5]; H is the current physical condition of the personnel, which is [0.3, 1]; W represents the degree of disability of the evacuees, which is 1-10, with larger values ​​indicating more severe disability and 1 indicating no disability.

7. The panic value of person i at time t according to claim 3, characterized in that: The panic infection value represents the increased panic value of person i at time t due to factors such as his own psychological factors, other evacuated people around him, the evacuation environment, and the source of danger. The panic infection value of person i at time t is calculated as: K i is the panic value of person i at time t; K j is the panic value of panic spreader j at time t; SP i The ability of person i to receive panic emotions from others; CP i The ability for person i to spread his own panic; d ij is the distance between personnel i and j; R e is the panic spreading radius, with a maximum value of 2m.

8. The panic value of person i at time t according to claim 3, characterized in that: The panic attenuation value represents the panic value reduced by person i at time t due to his / her own emotional regulation, the influence of other evacuated people around him / her, the evacuation environment and the influence of the danger source. The panic attenuation value of person i at time t is calculated as: λ is the scene adjustment factor, which can adjust the speed of emotion decay in different situations; ρ is the emotion adjustment factor, which adjusts the emotion decay in different moments and situations; sg (group size) represents the group size. The larger the group, the slower the emotion decay and the longer the evacuation time. K i (t-1) is the panic value of person i at time t-1.

9. The panic infection value of person i at time t according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ability of person i to receive external panic emotions and to spread his or her own panic emotions is regulated by personality traits. Therefore, the OCEAN model is used to combine the different personality dimensions of evacuees with their panic emotions, and the personality of the person i is divided into five aspects: adventurousness, responsibility, extroversion, altruism, and sensitivity.

10. The method for simulating evacuation of personnel taking into account panic emotions and competitive behaviors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, a panic threshold is set to determine the panic state of the personnel. When the real-time panic value of the personnel exceeds the preset threshold, the personnel is determined to have entered a panic state. In this state, the individual's cognitive function is significantly reduced, and the individual is unable to correctly identify the surrounding environment information and make rational decisions during the evacuation process. Therefore, a blank neighborhood is randomly selected for movement. In a normal state, the personnel move according to normal human behavior rules.

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